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Home My WebLink About06-00 Shenandoah (Major revision of Wheatland) - BackfilePage 1, of 2 Eric Lawrence From: Eric Lawrence [elawrenc@co.frederick.va.us] Sent: Thursday, January 17, 2008 11:12 AM To: 'Ronald A. Mislowsky' Cc: 'Patrick R. Sowers' Subject: RE: Shenandoah VDGIF To clarify The approved Shenandoah MDP contains a 100ft buffer surrounding Lake Frederick. DGIF owns the first 50ft of the buffer as measured from the lake; Oxbridge (Shenandoah's developer) owns the 2"d 50ft of the buffer. The County is supportive of transferring the 2"d 50ft of the buffer from Oxbridge to DGIF. Since this transfer further protects the lake and the preservation of the buffer continues, the County is supportive of continuing to include the 2"d 50ft buffer as part of the open space and density calculations for the Shenandoah development. Eric R. Lawrence, AICP Director, Department of Planning and Development Frederick County 107 N. Kent Street Winchester, VA 22601 540-665-5651 540-665-6395 (fax) elawrenc@co.frederick.va. us http://www.co.frederick.va.us/PlanningAndDevelopment/PlanningAndDev.htm www.co.frederick.va.us -----Original Message- --- From: Ronald A. Mislowsky[mailto:Ronald.Mislowsky@phra.com] Sent: Thursday, January 17, 2008 8:00 AM To: Eric Lawrence Cc: Patrick R. Sowers Subject: Shenandoah VDGIF Eric, I understand that you spoke to Patrick last night concerning the VDGIF BLA at Shenandoah. I want to make sure we all understand each other. The Shenandoah development is not counting the land currently owned by VDGIF(the lake and 50 ft around it) as open space. The developer agreement with VDGIF stipulates that a 50 ft buffer will be provided around the VDGIF property essentially providing a 100 ft buffer to the lake. Oxbridge, the developer, and VDGIF have reached an agreement to go ahead and provide VDGIF that 50 ft buffer area also as VDGIF feels that will allow them to better protect the lake from future homeowners yard expansion projects. The master plan and subdivision plans to date have counted the existing 50 ft buffer area around the lake, which Oxbridge owns, as open space. With this BLA with VDGIF, that ownership of the 50 ft buffer transfers to VDGIF, but we still need to count that 50 ft buffer area as open space. I understand from Patrick that your interpretation is that once the land is transferred to VDGIF that it cannot be counted toward our open space. is that correct? After you and I spoke a month or so ago on this, I thought we had agreed that the original areas owned by the developer and counted as open space would continue to be counted as open space whether owned by Oxbridge or VDGIF. We have moved forward with the VDGIF agreement with that understanding. Now it seems that your position has changed. Can you let me know whether we can continue to count that 50 ft buffer area as open space. I'd be happy to come over and meet with you to discuss. Thanks 1/17/2008 514,Jae4 k + I , % Page 2 of 2 Ronald A. Mislowsky V.P., Office Manager Patton Harris Rust & Associates 117 East Piccadilly Street Winchester, Virginia 22601 P 540.667.2139 F 540.665.0493 www.phra.com 1/17/2008 gilbert w. clifford & associates 7�! a division of Patton Harris Rust & Associates, pc j (' Engineers. Surveyors. Planners. Landscape Architects. F[ i Dr P COUNTY PLANNINu & DEVELOPMENT 17 February 2005 Mr. Mark Cheran Frederick County Planning 107 N. Kent Street Winchester, Virginia 22601 RE: Shenandoah Dear Mark, I left a message yesterday concerning two issues with the u 1e' units in Phase I. PH C these units require ad and a 15 a4ard to provide a 20 ft. separation between buildings: The home builder looking at the lots, would like to revise .the layout to go to the 10 ft side yard on both sides. The same 20 ft separation would be maintained. CORPORATE: Chantilly In the same vein, the (angle family units have offset side yards. (5 ft. and 10 ft). The VIRGINIA OFFICES: builder would also fike tO change, these to have even side yards'yon`each side of the Chantilly lot. (7.5 ft. and 7.5 ft.). Bridgewater Fredericksburg What would we need to do to revise the setback requirements on the duplex and Leesburg single family units. Richmond Virginia Beach Also, the question arose as to the encroachment allowance for decks from duplexes. Winchester These type of units do not seem to be addressed in Paragraph 165-23 of the Woodbridge ordinance. LABORATORIES: Chantilly I'd like to come by and discuss these issues with you. Fredericksburg Please let me know a convenient time or if you have any questions. MARYLAND OFFICES: Baltimore Columbia Regards, Frederick PATT'ON HARRIS RUST & ASSOCIATES, pc Germantown Hollywood WEST VIRGINIA aonA. OFFICE: Mislowsky, P.E., Vice Presi t Martinsburg RAM/kf T 540.667.2139 P 540.665.0493 117 East Piccadilly Street Winchester, VA 22601 s SUBDIVISION DESIGN PLAN CHECKLIST The subdivision design plan shall be drawn at a scale that is acceptable to the Subdivision Administrator. The subdivision design plan shall include a sheet depicting the full subdivision submitted. The subdivision design plan shall include the following information: '1 title "Subdivision Design Plan for " with a notation of all previous names of the subdivision. original property identification number. page number and total pages on each page. name of the owner and/or subdivider vicinity map [scale of one to two thousand (1:2000)] showing all roads, properties and subdivisions within one thousand (1000) feet of the subdivision. written and graphic scale. day, month and year plan prepared and revised. North arrow. po• 3o� 27- name of the Magisterial District where located. zoning of all land to be subdivided. boundary survey of all lots, parcels and rights -of -way showing bearings to the nearest minute and distances to the nearest one-hundreth (1/100) of a foot. 07e, topography shown at a contour interval acceptable to the Subdivision Administrator but in no case greater than five (5) feet. names of owners, zoning and use of all adjoining properties and deed book and page number references for each adjoining parcel. �•2 �� 2 proposed use of each lot, with the number of lots in each S category. PD. 2aF F? 7TU,(.j.w.«t- S v�w,'Rr,•�. tQ ce Pla Z ZV fOft e.�OWI ccf"¢f- �-m 1`'� o3 a ra+ fa sf a C,fs of each lot and parcel, the total area of the subdivision and the total area in lots. �Lnf 21 G = G '�-0 sg_�t. 10 f `location and area of each parcel of common open space and the total area of common open space. _ location, names, r-icLht-of-wav widths and classifications of existing and planne roa sd ,- eels and shared private driveways adjacent to and on the property. existing or proposed utilities, sewer and water lines, manholes, fire hydrants and easements. existing and proposed drainage ways, drainage facilities, culverts and drainage easements with dimensions and design details. stormwater management plan with calculations describing how stormwater management requirements are being met, including the location and design details of proposed facilities. proposed grading plan including spot elevations and flow arrows. cross sections, profiles and design details of all proposed streets, roads, culverts, storm sewers, sanitary sewers and water mains. locations, dimensions and cross sections of existing and proposed sidewalks and walkways. location of environmental features including floodplain, steep slopes; wetlands, sinkholes, woodlands -land natural stormwater detention areas. names of all streams and bodies of water`,including all one -hundred -year flood limits as mapped by FEMA. location of all land to be dedicated or reserved for public use. location of required setback lines on each lot. _ 110cation of proposed recreational areas and facilities. location of proposed buffers and screening with design details, locations and types of plants and screening. proposed landscaping with location and types plants. certification by an engineer, surveyor or other qualified professional of the accuracy of the plat. • P.-ow-C4 d?ei-A;IS C'.' 11 sF�as�,ive� I'VC. Cent-Vr, �J •r signature of the owner or principals certifying ownership of the property. statement listing all requirements and conditions placed on the land included in the subdivision resulting from approval of conditional zoning or a conditional use permit. v signature line for the Subdivision Administrator. 12 Pipestem. Lots Ordinance Amendment January 5, 2005 Page 2 February 25, 2004 meeting, the Board of Supervisors voted six (6) to one (1) to refer the proposed amendment to a work session in order to review this proposed ordinance amendment thoroughly. At their December 8, 2004 work session, the Board of Supervisors voted to schedule this proposed ordinance amendment as written for a public hearing. PROPOSED ORDINANCE: § 165-65. Dimensional requirements. P. Pipestem Lots. The use of Pipestem lots is permitted for single-family detached traditional, single-family detached urban and single-family detached cluster lot types, if all of the following design requirements are met: (1) The total number of pipestem lots in a residential development may not exceed five percent (5%) of the total number of lots. (2) Pipestem lots shall have a minimum road frontage of twenty (20) feet. (3) Pipestem lot driveways shall access only one (1) lot. (4) Minimum yards shall be as follows: (e) Front, side and rear yards: twenty (20) feet. (b) Accessory buildings: twenty (20) feet (c) Side yard of lots adjoining pipestem driveway yard: fifteen (15) feet (5) Pipestem lot driveways shall not adjoin other pipestem driveways. (6) Unless specified differently above, pipestem lots shall comply with all other regulations of the Frederick County Zoning and Subdivision Ordinances. 165-156. Definitions and word usage. Lot, Pipestem - A residential lot fronting on a public or a private street in which access is provided by a narrow strip of land, referred to as the pipestem driveway yard, which is less than the minimum required front yard width, and located between adjoining residential lots fronting on the same street. DEVELOPER'S MATERIALS :I(I[91�I11�! �J 01 Avivi I r, I I I 19 and Wildlife Habitat"' Program al public education and certification program cates and inspires people to take personal action ng a place for wildlife at their home, school, work, and in their community. NATIONAL National Wildlife Federation • 8925 Leesburg Pike • Vienna, VA 22184-0001 WILDLIFE bttp://WWW.nvvf.org • (703) 790-4000 - FEDERATION® liim National Wildlife Federation Guide ;v A&adin Butterflies to NATIONAL® ' g WILDLIFE Your Backa nd y FEDERATION® Schoolyard,' Work lace, or A 1 Co1h muni �. Wildlife' Habitat The first step to attracting adult butterflies, r- - lively and colorful additions to -any garden, is planting flowers with nutritious nectar. ButterQies and native plants have coevolved % and are now dependent upon each other. The plants provide enticing nectar and in return' are pollinated by visiting .butterflies. Nectar Plants Butterfly -weed (Asclepias tuberosa) Therefore, native plants are . -the best choice Aster spp. Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) for guaranteed butterfly presence -Adults .lronwe-ed, (Vernonio spp.) Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis)„ . searching .for. '.nectar are -attracted to .red, Azaleas (Rhododendron spp.). Sumacs (Rhus spp,) yellow, orange, pink or purple blossoms that Jde-pye-weeds (Eupatorium spp.)' Cardinal -flower (Lobelia cardinali's) are flat-topped or clustered and have. short Bergamots Monarda spp.) Sunflowers (Helianthus spp.) flower tubes which allow -the. butterflies to Milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) Ceanothus spp. reach the nectar: with their proboscis. ,It is- Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) Sweet Pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia) important to avoid using herbicides and Phlox spp. Coreopsis spp. pesticides as these will kill butterflies i.n both Blazing Stars.'(Liatris spp.) Verbena spp. their adult and larval phases. Nectar Pickerelweed (Pontederia.cordata) Goldenrods (Solidago spp.) . producing plants. should be.grown in sunny areas that are protected from strong winds. BUttem Facts ' Butterflies need sun for orientation and toOver 700 species of butterflies are found* in North America but very few are Warm their wings for flight. Calm breezes garden pests.. ' allow them to fly freely. Flat stones in yourAdult butterflies range. in. size from the half inch pygmy blue found in garden are places for. butterflies to rest and southern California to the giant female Queen Alexandra's>birdwing of New . bask in'the. sun. . Male butterflies will- Guinea; which measures about 10 inches from wing tip to wing tip. congregate near damp areas and shallow 'qVP Butterfly larsi or 'feet" possess a sense similar to taste: contact with sweet puddles to drink water and extract salts. The', liquids such as nectar causes. the proboscis to uncoil. adult life span averages 6't6.20,days, with IWMillions of shinglelike, overlapping scales give butterfly wings their colors. the range from a few days to over sixmonths.. and patterns. Metallic, iridescent hues come from faceted.scales that refract light; Intemperate regions of the country various solid colors are from pigmented scales. . species are active from early spring until late _ During the time from hatchingto.pupating (forming the pupa or chrysalis), fall white in the southern, parts, of the U.S.. t he caterpillar may increase its body size more than 30,000 times. . . some butterfly species are active year-round. IqWrThe chrysalises or pupae of many common gossamer wings - a group_ of - Butterflies need nectar throughout. the adult butterflies which includes.the blues, hairstreaks and elfins — are capable of phase of their life span, so plant for producing weak sounds. By flexing and rubbing together body segment continuous bloom. membranes, sounds are generated which may frighten off small predators and .parasites. . National Wildlife Federation •_Backyard Wildlife Habitat Program • 8925 Leesburg Pike • Vienna, VA 22184-0001 • http://www.nwforg// Ca#erpiill4ir food Sources In order to insure that butterflies will 'reside in your.. yard*; rather than infrequently pass through, your garden should include host plants that serve as larval food. Butterflies almost invariably lay their eggs on the host plant ; ... r t preferred by the caterpillar. Do not panic when you see chewed foliage; usually no permanent damage is done to the , plants. Some common butterflies.and their food plants are:"' " Amon Blue- buckwheats, lupines, milkvetch Little Wood Satyr- grasses including orchard grass, centipede grass American PaintedLady-cudweeds; everlasts, antennarias and St. Augustine grass Anise Swallowtail- anise, fennel; angelica,.parsnip, mountain parsley Long-tailed Skipper- witeria, pole beans, tick -trefoil, butterfly pea, Baltimore Checkerspot- turtlehead, hairy beardtongue, English plantain hog peanut T Banded Hairstreak- oaks, hickory; walnuts Monarch- milkweeds Baird s Swallowtail- dragon sagebrush Mourning Cloak- willows, American elm, quaking aspen, paperbirch, hackberry Black Swallowtail- parsley,, dill, fennel, Queen Anne's lace; common rue Painted Lady (Cosmopolite) -`thistles, mallows, nievitas, yellow Buckeye- ruellia, snapdragon;. plantain; verbena, toadflax, fiddlerteck monkeyflower Pearl Crescent - asters ' Cabbage White- many plants in mustard family and nasturtium Pine White- pines, douglas fir, balsam fir . Checkered White- peppergrass, winter cress; bladderpods, tumble pipe -vine Swallowtail- Dutchman's pipe, wooly .pipevine, Virginia mustards snakeroot Checkered Skipper- mallows, sida, globe mallows hollyhock; velvet -leaf , `Pygmy glue saltbush, lamb's quarters pigweed Clouded Sulphur- clovers: Question Mark- elm, hackberry, nettles, hops Cloudless Sulphur- cassias Reakirt's Blue- plants in the pea and mimosa families including . . Common Sooty=wing-.Iamb's quarters, amaranth tumbleweed mesquite,.milkvetch Common Wood -nymph grasses Red Admiral/White Admiral- wild cherries, black oaks, aspens; yellow Coral Hairstreak- wild black'cher American and chickasaw plum, a and black- irch black chokeberry Roadside Skipper- bluegrass, oats, Bermuda grass Dogface- lead plant; indigo bush, prairie clover, false indigo Sachem- grasses, including Bermuda grass Dreamy Dusky Wing- willows; poplar, aspen, birch Silver -spotted Skipper- locusts, wisteria, other legumes Dun Skipper -sedges, grasses including purpletop Snout Butterfly- hackberries Eastern Tailed Blue- clover, trefoils, peas, vetches, alfalfa Spicebush Swallowtail- sassafras, spicebush Eastern Tiger Swallowtail- wild black cherry, ash, tulip tree,:willow; Spring Azure- dogwoods, wild black cherry; viburnums, stagho.rn sweetbay, basswood sumac, others . Field Crescent= asters . Sulphurs- clover, -peas,. vetch; alfalfa,, asters, -Cassia spp. fiery Skipper- Bermuda grass, St Augustine grass, bluegrass Sylvan Hairstreak- willows . Giant $wallowtail- prickly ash, citrus common rue, hoptree, gas plant, Tawny Emperor- hackberry, sugarberry torchwood Two -tailed Swallowtail- hoptree, chokecherry, ash Goatweed.Butterfly- goatweed,. Texas Croton; prairie tea. Variegated FritiNary- passion flower; maypop, violets; stonecrop, Gorgone.Checkerspot- sunflowers and other sunflower,members;. purslane lysimachia Viceroy- willows, cottonwood,.aspen , Gray Comma- gooseberry, azalea, elm Western Tailed Blue- vetches, milkvetehes Gray Hairstreak-many pea and mallow family members, many others. Western Tiger Swallowtail- willow, plum, alder, sycamore,. hoptree, Great. Purple Hairstmak- mistletoe, Phorade'ridron flavescens ash Great Spangled Fritillary -'violets Western White -.rock cress, peppergrass tumble mustard Gulf Fritillary- may' ' ps, other passion vines Woodland Skipper- grasses Hackberry Butterfly- hackberry, sugarberry, Celfis spp. Zebra- passion'vines Henrys Elfin- redbud,American, dahoon and yaupon hollies, maple- Zebra Swallowtail- pawpaw leaved viburnum; blueberries .: Hoary Edge- tick trefoils, false indigo, lespedezas The National Wildlife Federation's' Backyard Wildlife Habitat program is a Large Marble- rock cress, winter cress, mustards, wall flower national public education and certification Least Skipperling- grasses including cutgrass, bluegrass program started in 1973that engages Little Copper- sheep sorrel; curled dock people in making'a place for wildlife at BACKYARD WILDUFE home, school, work, and in'communities. ' . HABITAT. - nd out more, visit www.nwforg on NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION® Tofind ` Note: please check your field guide toknow which ol'these species may reside in yourregion the Internet or call (7Q3) 790-4100. Printed with soy inks on unrebleached recycled paper with 100% post -consumer waste. . ro'>'r<a:�"r�trs�ry - - s Instrucbonsand Guidelines Train volunteers who can assist homeowners, schools, etc. with habitat projects fo Y Establish a column in the.local newspaper to report on the community's habitat initiative; NATIONAL inforrim readers about upcoming activities, give updates, and provide sea MINOR - WILDLIFE Contribute to or hold fundraising events to'assist local land trusts n protecting habitat F EDERATION@ Organize wildlife walks for community members with local naturalists, ornithologists, etc. . VNITY ' Organize special events (e.g., festival, habitat tour) to celebrate and raise awareness of the By requesting this information,. you have " Community Wildlife Habitat project. taken the first step toward starting a community- ILDLLFE —wide habitat conservation project! , • Work with NWF to -establish a youth, family, or school program in your community that focuses on wildlife and the environment (see NatureLink®and Animal Tracks®information). HABI_ Here are four easy'steps for creating a • Work with an affordable housing provider, such as Habitat for Humanity, to create certified National Wildlife Federation Backyard Wildlife Habitat sites with volunteers.and homeowners. AProject of the National YtildlifeFederation's® Certi ed Community Wildlife Habitat. y Backyard Wildlife Habitat," Program • Educate builders and developers in your community about what they can do to conserve habitat during the site selection, planning, and construction phases of their projects: sT'E P !� FORMING A HABITAT TEAM • Make a presentation before your local governing body about the project and its benefits. g t t!OMMUNIIY For your Community Wildlife Habitat project to be community. NWF can assist you in building your team • Create a habitat information kiosk or resource .center in the community. VNI LDLI FE sustainable, a team effort is required. While each by putting you in touch with certified backyard HABITATS Habitat. Team will be unique, we recommend a team of wildlifers and other contacts in your area. I NAL STEPS ' 477 people that represent various viewpoints in the After your community has registered with NWF and . Depending on timing, location, and.other details, A sample Habitat Team might include representatives from some of the following: has completed the Required Criteria and five Elective your NWF contact maybe able to come to your Projects, it may apply for Community Wildlife community and announce the community's neighborhood association conservation organization° Habitat Certification! Once -certified, your certification at apublic event organized by the Habitat garden club chamber of commerce community will receive a NWF Community Wildlife Team. We will also feature news of your Community • community center local or county government fi Habitat Certificate and Sign, and a press release will Wildlife -Habitat on NWF's World Wide Web site and in • .school district administration parent/teacher organization be distributed announcing the news. the HABITATS newsletter. place of worship nature center''��s� land trust birding club bird feeding store .. plant supplier/nursery We're Hereto Help! Do not hesitate to contact NWF affordable housing provider senior center or organization at any time with questions, concerns, or just to run community gardening association local business or corporation ideas by us. Just write, call, or, e-mail: student environmental/ecology'club scout or other youth group National Wildlife Federation Backyard Wildlife Habitat Program Office 8925 Leesburg Pike STEP MAKINGA PLAN OFACTION`' Vienna, Virginia 22184-0001 ` ° (703) 790-4434 ° ` The Habitat Teams first task is to develop goals objectives and can develop a plan for educating NATIONaL �,..... pg.. j p P g . carskaddan@nwf.org and a basic plan of action for the Community Wildlife communit members about the nature in their 5B WILDLIFE p yy TAI F E DE RAT I o N° Habitat project. By looking at the criteria for neighborhoods and how everyone can protect and registration and certification (see #3 & #4), the Habitat restore wildlife habitat in their backyards and other Team, can determine the project's key goals and places in the community. COMMUNITY STEP 3 REGISTERING YOUR WILDLIFE . COMMUNITY'S PROJECT HABITATS Now it is time to register your community's project. The following information is required: • How syour community defined �. What are the main environmental or ecological (including boundaries, size, and population)? challenges faced by your community? .How many detached homes, town houses, and'. rl- (e.g., habitat loss due to development, limited apartment buildings are in your community? water supply, air pollution, etc:) • How many schools arc in your community? �'►. Are there any threatened, or endangered species What watershed is_ your. community in? in or near your -'community? • Is your community along a wildlife migration Are there any. problematic invasive non-native path or flyway? species that are displacing or contributing to the What is the dominant ecosystem in your decline of native species in your community? community (e.g., desert, hardwood forest, etc.)? To find the answers to many of these questions, you In additions to answering these questions, will need to contact your local government. offices and you will need to submit a project description, - nature centers,'parks, conservation groups; or other including goals arida basic plan of action..You organizations in your area. In doing so, you will learn will_find a Community Wildlife Habitat more:.about. how your community is affected by and Registration Form enclosed. affects surrounding ecosystems and.the wildlifewith which you share your community.. You will also find j_ the information gathered helpful in shaping your/;/,' Community. lVildlife Habitat project. BENEFITS OF REGISTRATION y Once your community becomes a Registered.Community Wildlife Habitat; it will receive: a'Community Wildlife Habitat Registration Certificate; . .�.. • a main point of contact at NWF; -60 a press release announcing the: newly registered project; -coverage on NWF s.Internet Home Page (www.nw£org); Habitat Team subscriptions to HABITATS newsletter; discounted educational resources for our community , Y Y e an Application for Certif cation':for use when certification criteria (see #4) have been met. The actual process from Registration to _ Certification maybe as.Iong as 2-5 years. By registering your.project with the National Wildlife Federation, we will be able:to keep in touch with and support your community -as it moves toward certification. COMMUNITY STEP 4 - BECOMING A CERTIFIED WILDLIFE COMMUN ITY WILDLI FE HABITAT HABITATS Once your. community's project has been registered, community -must meet a set of Required Criteria, you will receive a Community Wildlife.Habitat and must complete five. Elective Projects; as Application for Certification.. To become certified, a described below. REQUIRED CRITERIA: The- following criteriamust be completed within the.community prior to applying for certification. 1. 20% of single family and town homes have NWF-certified backyard habitats. y; 2. 10% of apartment buildings have certified backyard habitats (one per building). •� { 3. At.least one NWF-certified schoolyard habitat exists in the community. 4 At least one NWF-certified demonstration habitat exists at a workplace or other site (place of worship, community center, etc.) in the community. WUrl,i� 5. An "outreach"scrapbook is submitted with copies of program fliers, press :clips, photos of community events, and- other items that show the project's progression. ELECTtVE PROJECTS: Yourcommunity 1 must complete at�least five Elective Projects. Below is a list of.suggestions. estions. You p gg are not limited to this list, so feel free to be' creative and.develop projects that are within the spirit of these su estions and that meet the special needs of our community. Suggestions p your • Par.ticipate in a wildlife or ecological monitoring .proiect as a community for a minimum of one-year (see NWF Beyond Your Backyard ' guide for ideas). \ ° 4 Work with local park agencies to convert. park land to wildlife friendly landscapes. • Work with community gardens to convert unused areas,to habitat.. • Examine your community's weed/health ordinances, and if needed, �. work to change. them to be more native plant and habitat friendly. • Restore native plant communities along stream and river banks to provide habitat and buffer waterways from.urban and i( agricultural runoff.. `t • Work with local nurseries to make native plants readily available to homeowners and groups doing back and habitat Projects. ` � P _ g� Y p J • Hold workshops to assist homeowners in creating. certified:Backyard Wildlife Habitat sites. i D. PROJECT DEFINITION, GOALS, AND PLAN OF ACTION In an attachment, no longer than three typed pages, please: • Define the Community Wildlife Habitat project being registered. • 'Describe.the short term. (I-2 years) and long term (5+ years) goals of the project. • Describe the basic plan of action for meeting the criteria for Community Wildlife Habitat.Certification and for reaching the project goals. • Explain how the project addresses your community's ecological characteristics and/or challenges as identified in Section C. COMMUNIW Please attach a inap showing the location- of.your community, WILDLIFE its boundaries, and some of the surrounding area. HABITATS FINAL NOTES Once registered, your community will receive: ' a Community Wildlife Habitat Registration. Certificate, suitable for framing; a NWF liaison or main point of contact who can provide assistance and advice; a press release announcing the newly registered project; coverage on NWF's Internet Home Page (www.nw£org); and in the HABITATS newsletter; • subscriptions to HABITATS for the members of the Habitat Team; n 1, discounted, educational resources for your community; and an Application for Community Wildlife Habitat Certification for use . when your community -meets the certification criteria. Once you have completed the Community Wildlife Habitat Registration Form, please send it along with the $25.00 Registration Fee to: National Wildlife Federation Backyard Wildlife Habitat Program - Community Habitats 8925'Leesburg Pike ENO Vienna, VA 22184-0001 NATIONAL WILDLIFE If you -would like to do so, enclose some -photographs of your community. FEDE RATIONe We cannot return the photos, map, or any other elements of the registration application, so please be sure to have duplicates for your own use. Kindly, keep your submission to a size no larger than could fit in.an I I" x17"envelope. Remember to submit the $25 Registration Fee (check or money order) Questions? to cover our processing and handling costs. Make check payable to the Please call the program National Wildlife Federation. office at- (703) 790-4434. Please allow 6-8 weeks for processing: OawwNIrr WILDLIFE HABITATS REGISTRATION FORM Name of Community: Name of Project Contact: Organization: Address: Please complete this form to register your Community Wildlife Habitat project with the National. Wildlife Federation. State: Country: Zip/Postal Code: Telephone;Fax: A. HABITAT TEAM E-MailAddress: NATIONAL® WILDLIFE FEDERATION°. Office Use: Reg. #: Fee Rec'd• Date Reg: Contact: Please list team members. Name: Name: Organization: Organization; Address: Address: City: City: Stater Zip/Postal.Code: State: Zip/Postal Code: Telephone:: Telephone: E-Mail: E-Mail: Name: Name: Organization: Organization: Address: Address: ' City: City: . State: Zip/Postal Code: " State: Zip/Postal Code: Telephone:: Telephone: E-Mail: E-Mail: Name: Name: Organization: Organization: Address: Address: City: City: State: Zip/Postal Code: State: Zip/Postal Code: Telephone: Telephone: E-Mail: E-Mail. Please attach a, separate list of additional names and contact information if the number of team members exceeds six. B . COMMU N ITY BASICS 4. What are the top two or three environmental or ecological challenges faced by your community? 1. Please define your community. What and whom does it include? What are its boundaries? 2. What is the community size in square miles? sq. mi. 3. What is the population of your community? 5. Are there any federally listed threatened or endangered species or state listed species of concern (plants, birds, insects, fish, etc.) - 4. Please.give an estimate of the fallowing in your community: in or near our communit ? I so, lease.list each species and listing status. y y f p P g # of single family detached homes # of town houses # of apartment buildings # of schools c # of businesses - C. ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS -OF YOUR COMMUNITY 1.. What watershed is your community in? .6. Are there any problematic invasive non-native species that are displacing or contributing to the decline of native species in your community? Please describe. 2.- Is your community along a migratory path or flyway? If so, please describe. 3. What are the dominant ecosystems in your community (e.g., desert, mixed deciduous forest, wetland, etc.)? 7. Are there any other special.ecological or environmental conditions in your community? The National Wildlife Federation's demonstration Backyard Wildlife; Habitat site in,Vienna, . :Virginia, serves many purposes. It shows homeowners what they ean.do for wildlife in their Hatprd, lown backyards; • y it see as `a lace for NWF staff toelax and observe wildlife"while on a ,, serves p r a - • • break or to Wildlife Habitat daily by school, volunteer during Friday lunch time "garden work parties" and it is used almost . scout, and other for This " the four basic youth groups educational purposes.. site provides elements of wildlife habitat; ,•,at°° ^`° a •z, • NATtONAL. rea MatWILDLIFEATION®. a FOOV�Shrubs and trees provide fruits and seeds tiom, a liner maynot be needed. ' A thermostatically controlled °rig " throughout ear for backyard wildlife.- The demon= g Y. Y stration habitats woody plants that provide food are bird bath heater provides water`a critical winter need for wildlife P during subfreezing weather. /� � i %'� f d l i wildlife i e Jt.home sweet um blucher sumac er I B . . ry, bayb ry, several types of holly; viburnum, cotoneaster,and crabapple:.' Perennials- CO ER -A number, of evergreen trees and shrubs r '" VV 1 1 / and annuals are planted:to provide nectar for both but- terdies and hummingbirds. Hummingbirds visit bee provide year-round protective cover from weather and predators. Featured in the demonstration habitat are . school,"" work and • BACKYARD WILDLIFE balm; pineapple sage; wild columbine, cardinal flower, and trumpet honeysuckle. Butterflies- visit butterflyweed, juniper, yew, grapeholly, and 'hollies Deciduous shrubs offer effective summer cover for nesting and escape from ;yap _ / HABITAT.-. butterfly bush; lantana, purple coneflower, gardephlox, predators. ' Red -twig dogwood,' bayberry, viburnums, ' - zinnias, and Mexican sunflower. ' Supplemental feeders and cotoneasters are massed in the -habitat. ' Rock log "' "I'NATIONAL I n communities.. WILDLIFE FEDERATION@ provide nectar for hummingbirds in the summer months; and mulch piles offer very effective cover. Small mam- and provide a variety of different seed (sunflower, niger, . mals, reptiles, amphihian's; and,a•great variety of insects and = i safflower, and millet) for birds throughout the year. other,small animals find Homes in these structures, which, are WATER -A pedestal mounted bird bath adds'a easy to construct.; �; touch of decorative statuary to the. habitat. The heavy PLACES TO RAISE YOUNG-Nestboxes for �_. R The National Wildlife Federation0 NW began its Back- (NWF) eg k oration .and assistance. not only to :homeowners, but: also to schools, base provides, stable support for the eas -to-clean top. ' P PP X P A small -shallow water dash provides water for drinking B bluebirds, chickadees, wrens, and ur le.martins have been P P _ laced in the demonstration habitat.. Evergreens, deciduous =' P g yard Wildlife Habitat program in 1973 as a way to acknowl-. " "gardening businesses, and community groups that are interested in creatin g P and bathing. Placed on the ground, this simple, bird bath trees; and shrubs provide additional nesting areas for birds. edge the efforts of, eo le who were for wildlife, g P p g g wildlife and environmentall friend) landscapes. environmentallyfriendly P also provides water for_mammals, reptiles, and amphib- Rabbits, shrews, mice snakes, and salamanders lay their M around their homes from small city gardens to large rural tY g g. the our 'backyard" is t home school, Whether ya o, work; or in tans. Two small ponds, easily duplicated in most land eggs or raise their young under the boughs of plants as well lots. Since then, NWF has recognized the work of people at g P P. our community,providing wildlife habitat — food water, cover, yP g scapes, provide an aquatic habitat for dragonflies, fish- .' newts frogs, and other aquatic Iife..One pond is made of , g , qu p as in the rock, log, or mulch•piles. 'Aquatic and amphibious species, such as fro s'toads newts dragonflies, and other. p g , g over 23,000 sites with a Certificate of Achievement . and places to raise young — is easy to achieve, . remolded fiberglass and the other of flexible "PVC las- P g le . p . insects de. osit their eggs. in the ponds. ' Butterfly eggs and _ P P Y gB p Theprogram en — encourages everyone homeowner, teacher, and the results are beautiful to be around: • tic liner material. Depending on soil -and drainage condl- P g g caterpillars find safety the herbs, flowers, shrubs, and g leader- to Ian their landscaping with the needs of wildlife to mind. Aftne certified habitat participant wrote: P . P trees of the habitat. Why? wildlife i enjoyedgb e y tf s. y n arty everyone. Habitat resto'. m a be in 1. a beginner, but by the many birds, g ration is critical for wildlife in.urban and suburban settin s:whare g butterflies, rabbits, and l 'commercial. and residential development infringe on natural -areas -squirrels, flowers blooming everywhere in. "my that wildlife need in order, to thrive. Today, with over .23 000 habitats _ yard,) must be on the rig ht track" certified in the program, National Wildlife Federation`provides infor- Crean ► a c yard Habitat is easy lain the ,network of Certified, Habitats - Assess your yard, landscape, or garden space as it is right now Since the -Backyard Wildlife Habitat.program began in 19.73 and identify the habitat elements that. already exist. Plants that pro- .. National Wildlife Federation has certified over 23,000 Backyard vide food (seeds, fruits, and nuts) are important to wildlife such as '. Wildlife Habitat sites. The majority of these sites. represent the hard birds and small mammals. A dense area of shrubbery or.stand of .. " work and commitment of individuals and families providing habitat People and Nature: Our Future Is in the Balance n NON-PROFIT- evergreen trees -,will provide cover and protection from wind and near their homes but NWF has also certified over 750 schools and ® NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION ' ORGANIZATION ' U:S:POSTAGPPAID :. predators. Knothols or woodpecker excavations in dying. trees : P. P hundreds of.business and community sites. The certification ro:- , `7.P NnTto.Nac..- WILDLIFE 89zs Leesburg Pike •Vienna, VA 22184.0001 • http:J/www.nwf.o>g/ _ : Nationa�wildlife National may ,provide -space for a den of dying squirrels; a family of crested - . cess enables National Wildlife Federation -to acknowledge: and re - Federation flycatchers, or a colony of honey.bees.. Plants are the key to attract- ward the efforts and dedication of the people who invest -in the " ing wildlife, but water is also important to wildlife for drinking and creation or enhancement of wildlife habitat. When the habitat is bathing. For many types of wildlife, water also offers cover and a certified, a Certificate of Achievemerl awarded and the site is " place to raise young.Water.can be provided with a birdbath, water , entered in the National Register of certified. habitat sites. Other ben - garden, pond, or.a naturally occurring spring. efits• of certification.include*a press release for local media, a sub - For more information on how you can get, involved in the Back- scription to the quarterly program ' yard Wildlife Habitat program, order the information packet using newsletter (Habitats), your own: z "the order form. This packet includes a program application, a. book-' copy of the new Beyond Your ` let on planning and planting a habitat, and The Backyard Naturalist,, ` Backyard community action _ Which is a book about one. person's experience in attracting wildlife guide, and opportunities l to his yard. If you are interestedin creating habitat on school, work- to become trained and place; or community grounds, read on for more information and to involved with National Wildlife' find out about resources specific to your needs. Federation as a citizen naturalist, - printed with soy inks on unrebleached- 0 recycled paper with 100% post -consumer waste ROCK BERRIED PILE SHRUBS y BUTTERFLY 9. GARDEN t+ EVERGREEN : 4 17 DECIDUOUS . / I /ly Create a SHRUBS r��/`�i. N . SHRUBS • •�!'1 • BERRIED n School and Habitats Site? Backyard •SHRUBS y v GROUND In addition to restoring local species diversity a Schoolyard Habi- �• g— r%�t PERENNIALS tats project rewards the entire school community On many levels. lwllt life Habitat at BAN BGARDENY r :f BIRD.. TEEPEE BATH 0 When you build a Schoolyard Habitat site you..*. / �. Y Demonstration � . • :1 � � _ • � .� NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION® •1 Develop a teaching area of your school's campus that •e EVERGREEN +y • TREE' widens. the,ClBSSPOOm WaIIS". Site • D• ? BE CH ATER EVERGREEN Imagine a day when your school grounds are bustling with p DISH SHRUBS', activity One group of students eagerly anticipates the ,first q, Enrich learning opportunities for students, teachers and o ' DECIDUOUS (POND "" /r9MP05T . 7 u, • �, flight of young wrens from.a nest box they constructed, while the surrounding community. TREES ` UNIT another group learns how to use field guides to identify but- re) ."n" _Invite wildlife into the lives of youth and adults alike. e PONa BIRD' I terflies in the meadow -lot art students. sketch wild- FEEDERS flowers planted twoyears ago. A fourth group is using math Illustrate how even small changes in the landscape can make a positive difference: m skills to estimate the number of tadpoles in the habitat pond P. • ' LAWN MiNGBIRD . that was installed just last spring'. Offer creative was..to learn math science rt. NEST r' oeflril' TRELLIS. GARDEN BOX s; .a•.•,,, ��-• ?-. Your school campus can look like this by turning, it into.a habi- th Y social studies, The National Wildlife; %&o4, s., w .,,s�. ;✓ . �i. art, and O er subjects Federation's demonstration FLOWERING a,rw..: - EVERGREEN? tat -based learning site. In.faet, your Schoolyard Habitats site can VINES GROUND COVER. 'DECIDUOUS become an important art of a functional ecosystem that provides Strengthen the sense of community within a school. Backyard Wildlife Habitat site 4• . SHRUBS MULCH P part Y P ; PILE inspiration and materials for learning and teaching:Demonstrate hands-on methods of habitatconservation. ' at our laurel Ridge Conservation NEST ` D Schoolyard Habitats®a project of National Wildlife Federation's - Education Center in Vienna, Virginia. , . s Box Y P ) ` .'DECIDUOUS ' DECIDUOUS r •'• , . • • ro. .`' : . ID TREE Backyard Wildlife, Habitat program; focuses specifically on the special See reverse side for what this TREES r BRUSH _• • s• needs of developing; using and maintaining habitat -based learning For information to, guide �ou through the process of creating habitat provides and an idea of what PILE sites on school grounds. its goal is to help you develop wildlife habi your Schoolyard Habitats site, use the form to order the Schoolyard elements all habitat landscapes should provide: . tat on your school grounds. A Schoolyard Habitats site is an area set Habitats information packet This packet includes a how-to booklet cut order form and mail TODAY! aside.on or very near a school .cam us that invites wildlife and ro- fhht.outlines the entire process from start finish. and a a lication. • P P P pP How to Order: Getting -involved.and Getftn the Information You Need vides hands-on•learning opportunities for students and teachers Uponpurchase of your packet, you will also receive an Official 9. , ; . 9 I alike. In addition a Schoolyard. Habitats project offers a chance for Schoolyard Habitats Oster and the most recent issue of Habitats For. more information on how, you can get involved in any part of the If you think your backyard; schoolyard, or workplace already provides l Y P ) P Backyard Wildlife Habitat program, use the form to place an order for one or habitat for wildlife, and would like -to find out more about certification or l successive classes of students, teachers, administrators, and parents newsletter'whieh features a special section on ideas for creating and more of the informationpackets.' Two additional items are available using about obtaining information for educational 'programs, lease call 703 790- to create and sustain a conservation project for the entire communi using School ard habitats sites.: the order form: the Campus Ecology Greensca es Packet -which provides . 4434 or write to NWF Backyard Wildlife Habitat Pro ram Office 8925 ) l P j �'• g y #� �Y P P Y g , I information for college students and administrators on creating wildlife and Leesburg Pike, Vienna, VA 22184-0001. environmentally landscapes on college and university campuses; On the Internet, NINF's World Wide Web site offers access to continually l - - - a n .ce - and the 1999 Conservation Directory. ,which. is the nations most compre updated 'information and resources for the pl nning,, planting, a d rfitica l hensive listing of organizations, agencies, and. officials concerned with con- " tion of your habitat project Wildlrfe Habitat at the Workplace http:[/www.nwtorg/habitats se ion, the vlr nm nt, an natural resource use and management www.nwtor habitats rvat en ' o d natu • To,order b hone: Call (410) 516-6583#For placing credit card To order b mail or fax: Send completed form to: I What better place for a Backyard Wildlife Habitat project than your work Y P • P g Y. P I orders only. For other program inquiries, please -call the program office at National Wildlife Federation, P.O. Box 50281, Hampden Station; Baltimore, l 2 �. place - whether you. work at a corporate park, a medical office,:a retail sto.re,.a (703 790-4434.) 'MD 1211-4281 or fax to (410):5164998 (credit card orders only) restaurant or an a of business) Like a traditional back ard habitat a YhP Y Name Work lace habitat' Is an outdoor sanctuary for.wildIife and for people, It p p .p i' provides a place for employees and the community at large to experi- Address ence nature and to develop a sense of place, a sense of pride, and City State Zip .a sense of community. Not only does dworkplace habitat pro- vide these benefits, it can. also benefit the bottom line. By choos- Day Phone: ( } in native )ants suited to the site's conditions little maintenance, g P h Evening Phone: j ) chemical fertilizers,- herbicides, or supplementary watering will be nec- r essary for the plants,to thrive. This all adds up to a. direct cosf•savin' s to Melrhod.df a . ent: you or your healthierh bitat where wildlife and humans can m check is enclosed lease make check a a to to National Wildlife Federation Y •Y u. employer; and a a. r ❑ Y (p p.v b ) I a experience their natural, environment National Wildlife Federation can assist Please charge my: Visa ❑MasterCard. �. businesses with all aspects of developing a habitat and becoming certified in the Account Number: Backyard Wildlife Habitat program.: To get started, use the order form to obtain the Wildlife Habitats at the Workplace packet;' which includes case studies; cost -savings Expiration Date: information; and instructions for planning, implementing, and certifying your.project. Cardholder Si nature' Item uanti Q ty Price Each Total Backyard Wildlife Habltat'packet (NwBWP) $12.95 Schoolyard Habitats packet(nWSHP) Wildlife Habitats in the Workplace packet (NwwHr) $14.95 Campus Ecology Greenscapes packet (NwcRP) $11.50 1999 Conservation Directory (Go99P) $61.00 , Order subtotal State and Local Taxes . CO (30/6), DC (5.7501o), FL (60/6), GA (6%), IL (6.255), MD'(5%),.MI (6%),' TX (6.25%), VT (5%), or VA' (4:50[0) and, local taxes as applicable: , GRAND TOTAL Prices include charges for shipping and handling. gB99 People and Nature: Our Future is in the Balance NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION 8925 Leesburg Pike • Vienna, VA 22184,0001 •. http://www.nwf.org/ TM Dear Community Member, Thank you for your interest in starting a Community Wildlife Habitat project! As a special part of the National Wildlife Federation's Backyard Wildlife Habitatrm program, Community Wildlife Habitat projects provide a way for entire communities to engage in and be recognized for their wildlife conservation and stewardship efforts. Since 1973, through. our Backyard Wildlife Habitat program, the National Wildlife Federation (NWF) has provided millions of people with basic guidelines for making their landscapes more suitable habitats for wildlife. To date, we have certified over 24,000 Backyard Wildlife Habitat sites that provide the four major habitat elements: food, water, cover, and places to raise young. Now, there is a way for communities to participate! In fact, NWF certified the first Community Wildlife Habitat project in the nation in Alpine, California, during the Spring of 1998. Since then; several other communities have joined the program by registering their projects with us. These communities, which are now working toward certification, inclu-2e Zionsville, Indiana; Canastota, New York; Reston, Virginia; and South Riding, Virginia. More information on all of the Community Wildlife Habitat projects registered with NWF can be found on our web site (www.nwf.org/habitats). To help you start a Community Wildlife Habitat project in your area, this information packet includes: Guidelines for registering and certifying a Community Wildlife Habitat project, A Community Wildlife Habitat Registration Form, Sample Backyard Wildlife Habitat program materials, Information on habitat -friendly home building, A list of helpful resources and contacts, including NWF's regional offices, and Other materials to assist you in planning and building support for your project. Please use the enclosed Bulk Resources Order Form to obtain additional materials for your Community Wildlife Habitat project, and do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions. Sincerely, Heather Carskaddan Manager Backyard Wildlife Habitat Program B. - iyoutitre applying for somepae else,'Qr for an organizatiQa, �n addition.to the: aliove;: please jRll of the Fallowing: Contact Name printed with say inks on wwbkuhed iegy W paper with )QO%p W-ci comer waste 2, WATEWDrinkin;,°Bathing e A.We rove a water p Throughout the year, ` ❑ Seasonally. We proide water in Q Bird Bath ❑ ,Water dripping into a bird bath: '. Spring :: ❑ Pond ❑ Water Garden,' El Other (describe); p Stream.' *' COf Places to Hide". We pravlde wind breaks acid places for wildlife' hide from: predators in the following manner. ' p bense'.Shrubs (which es? Evergreen "Shrub§ (which .types?) . O Brush. Piles O :Log.Piles El. Rock Piles/.Walls 'Ground Covers - : ❑ Meadow, Scrub, or Prairie'Patch ©ther,(describe) PLA NS T lS>F :YOUN 1RVe provide the folio ng for nesting 4 rds; ;denning mammals,'egg-loying:reptiles and -amphibians, fish, bWertlie , and other insects,and invertebrates;' . . p Mature Trees. (which types?) Small -Trees (W-hichtypes?): E] Shrub Masses (which -types?). 0 Trees with Nest/Den,Cavities ❑Dens in Ground/R.ock Q water Garden/Pond. ❑' Nesting 6oX s Nestng.Shelves ❑Meadow; .Prairie; or Scrub Patch' Size sq, ft Which aniimals use.thein (birds,, squtrrets, bats, frogs; dragontbgs, etc.}? 7. Plants for butterfly' caterpillars (kvhich:iypes3) :. .. '5. �,RFSO 1RC -� ISF �% TIQN We are conserving water and other natural resources in our. b'ckyard arid.camtnunk by; Establishing backyard wetland or, drainage, buffer areas p Eliminating chemical use. „ to filterstorm:water ancJ;aimit runoff ❑ Using a drip"soaker hose instead`of a sprinkler . ~O Capturing roof rain ;►vaterfor use in planted areas ; ., ❑ Gontrolling-pests by organic meansor El Mulching: encouraging asenefciaf insects _ 0 Planting"nafive plantsaui#ed to the area Q Ereatly:reducing;oc eliminating lawn areas Please include a rough sketch or landscape.diagram of your yard::' cep in Mind -1f you would like` o do so; enclose so me:;.photographs of your' • Allow-64weeks.for`processing of application habitat and of you; your faW'yor fri-ends:workingin and.enjoying $15 applicatror ,fee waived'if.you. move and wish to your habitat, We cannot return the photos Qr'skefch, however, so certify yopr new home please be -sure you have duplicates for your. own use. Kindly keep � $S--charge for a second certificate your submission 'to a size no larger. than'.could fit'in an l " x 17" ` • Beaure to enclose your: payment# envelope: Be sure to keep A. copy of your completed application in.. ase'we need. Co contact you :about your habitat: For,more Wformatidn.A out ' the, Backs and Wildlife• Habitat itemember to submit the $15 Program Enrollment Fee (check or program; visrt. rvww nwforg on money order) to cover our processing and handling costsMake:: the World Wide We .. ' check payable to the National Wildlife fec#era#ion and send to: Brtekyard Wi'idfife JfUhjtafTMr Program : .. . National Wilimilk Federation : NATIONAL-:. . 89z5 Leesburg Pike', , ViI6nna, VA. 22184-0001 . `j'TT t T VV` il.DLlF :.. FEI AZ'ION®_ Feature Article: Getting to Know a Place Are there bicycle trails and pathways that can be linked to? Are there pub- lic transit options that people living or working at the site can use? To examine local and regional plan- ning issues, contact a town, county, or regional planning agency and get hold of relevant planning docu- ments, such as a town plan or re- gional plan. Talk to the plan- ning director for the t municipality, if there is one, or attend meetings of the planning commis- sion with jurisdiction to get a sense of their priori- ties relative to planning. Not only can this help you figure out how to make sure your project will fit into the surround- ing area better, but it can streamline approvals that may be required for your particular project. Regulatory Constraints The best plans for a green develop- ment project may not pass muster with local zoning regulations. Very often, the strategies that make the most sense from an environmental standpoint —such as clustering build- ings on a small portion of a site and keeping the rest undeveloped —do not comply with zoning regulations. Therefore, a careful examination of relevant land -use regulations should occur while site planning and design are proceeding. The local zoning ad- ministrator or planning office staff can generally help you in interpret- ing these regulations. It often makes sense, however, especially for larger, •R.»CN M . , Illustration: Walt Cudnohufsky VIEW • r a 1iTTifi� ir�-� Even clustered buildings can afford privacy and provide views. more complex projects, to hire a qualified landscape architect or civil engineer for help in understanding and complying with (or seeking ex- emption from) relevant regulations. The Next Step: From Site Evaluation to Site Plan Collecting information about a po- tential building site is only the first step. From this information can evolve a site plan and specific build- ing design elements that are based on what the land offers —both opportu- nities and constraints. Cudnohufsky suggests carrying out three different mental tasks in the process of getting to know a place: inventory compo- Environmental Building News 28 Birge Street • Brattleboro, VT 05301 Environmental Building News, the leading newslet- ter on environmentally responsible design and construc- tion, is published 10 times a year (monthly, with a combined July/ August issue), plus a December supple- ment with an annotated bibliography, annual index, and other useful resource listings. Independently published by E Build, Inc., EBN is not sponsored by any industry or related corporation, and it carries no advertising. SUBSCRIPTIONS cost $127 per year, with a special rate of $67 for individuals and small companies or institu- tions (with fewer than 25 employees). For delivery out- nents of the site (find out what is there), describe each key component of that inventory with the aim of dis- covery or seeing as fully as possible (largely adjectives), and interpret the discoveries separately in light of your prime aim or programmatic goal. Through this, he says, "you be- gin to see solutions that are in con- cert with the process." He might use this process as follows: • Inventory: Grove of mature red oaks. • Description: 12 trees, 15 to 20 feet apart, 70 to 80 feet tall with unified canopy, densely branched with sculptural interest, good health, 28" to 45" caliper, low branching, dense and uniform foliage. • Interpretation: Retain, protect to drip line during construction, and feature as central element in pro- posed medical center courtyard. To be most effective, site evaluation should have a finished product. Cre- ate a map or series of maps, and sum- marize major findings in writing. This will make the information more us- able in the discussion and decision - making processes. Finally, the impor- tance of bringing in a landscape architect or designer very early in the overall planning and design process cannot be overstated. The land should inform the building design and land- scaping plan right from the beginning. - Alex Wilson side of North America, please add US$30 and pay by credit card or with a money order in US dollars from a US bank. To subscribe, send or call in your payment to: 28 Birge Street, Brattleboro, VT 05301; 800 / 861-0954 (phone), 802/257-7304 (fax), info@ebuild.com (e-mail). BACK ISSUES are now available in text -searchable, electronic format on the E Build Library CD-ROM. The 1998 update of the CD includes all back issues from Vol- ume 1 through Volume 6 (1992-97) with a cumulative index, an extensive annotated bibliography, and over 1,200 product listings. This encyclopedic green building reference is available for $149, or for $95 to current sub- scribers. Highlights from our back issues, including an extensive library of product reviews, can be accessed for free on the World -Wide Web (http: / /www.ebuild.com). Environmental TM The Leading Newsletter on Environmentally Responsible Design & Construction SPECIAL REPRINT from Volume 7, Number 3 — March 1998 Getting to Know a Place: In This Issue: Site Evaluation as a Starting Point for Green Design Feature Article .......... 1 HE NATIONAL WILDFLOWER Research Center outside of Austin TTexas design is often an afterthought, a plan ad- dressingwhich shrubs to plant that is de- p Getting to Know a valua- Place: Site Erting tion Starting as a blends beautifully with the land veloped after the building is completed Point for Green on which it sits —a cluster of buildings con- (budget permitting), with total disregard Design netted by rich landscapes of native plants; for what the original building site offered rainwater harvesting to minimize deple- to start with and what its ecosystem calls mail@ebuild ............. 2 tion of the threatened Edwards Aquifer; out for. Questions on Access walking paths through meadow, prairie, This article addresses what should be the Flooring and woodland ecosystems; and carefully designed parking areas to filter and purify first step in most green building projects What's Happening ... 3 stormwater before it seeps into the ground. p (certainly those on "greenfield" sites): get- ting to know a place. This component of Boulder at Forefront with A thousand miles northeast and like many subdivisions outside Chicago, Prairie the development process should include, Green Points Program Crossing is being built on productive farm- whenever possible, a landscape architect or Black Mold Linked to Infant Deaths in land. But unlike most, the homes here are designer. With or without such specialists, Cleveland clustered on just a small portion of the 1 p however, it is important for all players on a Newsbriefs land, the rest being used in active agricul- development team to recognize the impor- ture or restored to the native tall -grass tance of site evaluation and to understand Product News & prairie that once ex- the site planning and ��suN-so�r+� design priorities that Reviews ............. 6 isted here. And y./ 1 N DY-V15telE on the rugged Z' emerge from this site Wood -chip and Cement Wall Forms ��"*- Big Sur coast, cL� Post Ranch evaluation. As land - wEr_FKos�Y scape architect Walt Checking in with Faswall g Inn —the first �> 3 Cudnohufsky, founder From the Library15 " "' commercial dllustation:WaltCudnohuhky � of The Conway School of Landscape Design, points The Healing House development in decades in out, we need to "give the en- Healthy by Design Careful site evaluation will help vironment a voice." The fol- what is one of the identi the best building site. � g lowing pages will introduce this Calendar ............... 16 nation's most anti- development areas —blends seemlessly topic, outline key components, and into the environment, its modules of lodg- provide simple checklists that can serve as ing rooms half -buried and barely visible a starting point for ecologically integrated to either hiker or the extreme winds that building and landscape design. Quote of the month: pound the hillside. Landforms "If you want to build What these places share is a connection to a larger house the site. Their designs were integrated into The underlying physical nature of a site— addition, you havee to the local ecosystem after careful study of geology, soils, topography, surface waters, work harder to make what was there and how the natural and groundwater —informs the building that house resource be and health of that ecosystem could and landscape design in many important efficient." be protected, restored, and celebrated. This ways, ranging from protection of wetlands link between development and the land is to decisions about foundation design and (What's Happening, page 3) all -too -often neglected. Indeed, landscape (continued on page 2) 8 SPECIAL REPRINT — Environmental Building News • March 1998 printed on recycled paper Feature Article: Getting to Know a Place Feature Article: Getting to Know a Place Getting to Know a Place (continued from page 1) wastewater treatment options. Much of this information is now digitally available in a standardized GIS (Geo- graphic Information System) format that can be used in many CAD soft- ware programs. The underlying geology of a site in- fluences topography, depth to bed- rock, soil composition and fertility, drainage, subsurface water, and veg- etation types. While soils are more direct in their influence on vegeta- tion and land uses, a great deal can be learned from an area's geology, and it makes a good starting point in site investigations. Examine geologi- cal maps produced on state or re- gional scales by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Consider visiting a nearby college or university offering a geology program; use the library or speak to a professor to learn more about the geology of your region. Topography Steep slopes are susceptible to ero- sion and are best protected from de- velopment. Just how steep a slope can be before erosion becomes a sig- nificant concern depends on the soils; slopes in excess of 30% are rarely developable, and even 15% will be too steep for some soils. On the other hand, flat parcels of land do not offer as good drainage and they are often better used for agri- culture, parking, and recreation. Pockets of low-lying land may be ecologically important (and fragile) wetlands. Slope is usually described as "per- cent grade." This is the ratio of rise over run, given as a percentage; in other words, a 45' slope would have a 100% grade. USGS topographic maps usually do not have high enough resolution to show site - specific topography clearly. Contour maps derived from digital, aerial orthophotos can offer more detail, but are not available for all locations. It is often advisable to have a more de- tailed and accurate field survey per- formed of the property, or at least those portions of the property to be developed. Soils Soils are created by the breakdown of bedrock and sediments, by the deposition of organic matter from above, and by the action of living or- ganisms and natural forces (water and wind) in mixing and modifying those components. Properties of soil determine how readily moisture can seep into the ground, whether ex- pansion with moisture will cause foundations to buckle or crack, how significant a concern soil compaction is (risk of construction damage to trees), and what sort of plantings will prosper with what level of care. Excellent information on soils is usu- ally available from the federally funded Natural Resources Conser- vation Service (previously the Soil Conservation Service). NRCS pub- lishes highly detailed, county soil maps that are available from state or county NRCS offices or from county agricultural extension offices. On these maps —superimposed on aerial photographs —soils are delineated and classified according to a widely accepted system that relates the physical properties of the soil to its development potential and con- straints. Such information as depth to bedrock and depth to the water table can be learned from the maps and explanatory text. An experienced landscape architect, civil engineer, or soils technician can use this Dr�Q information to pro- Ila��,,� vide valuable guid- ,,,ustf flog; ance to the site plan- ning process, deter- protect tr mining appropriate wetlands locations for build- rn"cty„r+, ings, septic system drainage fields, stormwater infiltration beds, drive- ways, etc. Hydrology Surface waters, wetlands, and groundwater are critically impor- tant. Surface waters and wetlands, including ponds, streams, seasonal (vernal) ponds, and estuaries, tend to be our richest and most diverse eco- systems, and they can easily be dam- aged by development. Groundwater is a resource that may have only minimal direct impact on a particu- lar site being developed, but its purity is an important issue down - slope where it seeps to the surface or is pumped out of the ground as potable water. All surface waters and wetlands on a site being considered for develop- ment should be mapped. Hydrologic maps may be available from USGS, NRCS, or a local planning agency. National Wetlands Inventory map- ping is also available, showing sig- nificant wetland areas. All of this hydrologic mapping information, however, is quite general; more de- tailed information should always be collected through on -site investiga- tions. The most difficult of these are detailed wetland inventories, be- cause wetlands may not be as obvi- ous as other surface waters. There are various definitions of wetlands that are used by different agencies. In general, wetlands have one or more of the following characteristics: the presence of water on the surface (usually relatively shallow) for all or v f7a* �s - - #- V co jvi•- Walt cudnohursky ees and during n" dooc—f-k-1cao Plan for sewage disposal in I If on -site sewage disposal is planned, select the building ies can release lead into the environ- the site selection process. site accordingly. If soils do not support a conventional ment. In extreme cases, the discov- system, build elsewhere or consider an alternative ery of hazardous waste on a property system, such as a recirculating sand filter or composting can result in thousands of dollars of toilet/graywater disposal system. expense in clean-up. LAND DEVELOPMENT Maintain identifiable Preserve existing stone walls, fencerows, vegetation "edges" on the property. corridors along streams, and other natural and historical features that help to define edges or distinct spaces. Try to combine needs. Consider whether needs can be doubled up —such as clearing a section of trees both to open up southern exposure and to provide for a septic system drain field. Follow natural contours. When planning driveway access and building sites, follow natural contours and topography. This helps the development fit into the landscape and reduces erosion —even though the driveway may be longer. Minimize stormwater runoff. Design driveway and parking areas to minimize stormwater runoff: keep the driveway as narrow as possible (even if it means providing pull -off areas to allow passing); consider porous paving; provide grassy swales in place of curbs and storm sewers. Minimize immediate site Determine locations for construction vehicle parking, impacts during construction. temporary piling of topsoil, and building material storage to minimize soil compaction and other site impacts. Design with nature. Plan and design buildings to benefit from passive solar, daylighting, and natural cooling. Minimize grade Whenever possible, avoid re -grading a site. If changing modifications. the grade cannot be avoided, use terracing to minimize impact to existing vegetation and soils. Protect trees and topsoil Carefully fence around the dripline of trees to minimize during construction. damage, and consider penalty or incentive clauses in excavation contracts (see EBN Vol. 1, No. 1). Control erosion during Use silt fences, mulch straw, and other strategies to construction. prevent erosion during construction. This is especially important along streams and other wetlands. Schedule construction Schedule construction carefully to minimize impacts. carefully. Avoid leaving disturbed soil exposed for extended periods. Fill trenches quickly to minimize damage to severed tree roots. Sow grass seed on piled topsoil to minimize erosion. Avoid building when the ground is saturated and easily damaged. PLANTINGS Use indigenous vegetation. Choose regionally appropriate, native plants. Minimize lawn areas. Consider alternatives to the conventional lawn: woodland areas, native tallLgrass or short -grass prairie plantings, etc. Provide wildlife habitat. Select plantings and landscaping strategies to provide forage and shelter for songbirds and other wildlife. Provide naturally vegetated Protect streams and other wetlands by providing buffers along streams. naturally vegetated buffers of at least 25 feet, preferably 50 (8-15 m). Salvage native plants Salvage native plants from areas of disturbance for later during construction. use in landscaping. Inventories of known hazardous sites exist and are available from state agencies that deal with pollution control. Unfortunately, most of the farm dumps and other minor sources of toxics are not documented in pub- lished inventories. In most cases, a careful walking of the land will de- termine whether there is enough con- cern about toxics to warrant a more thorough investigation. If there are no apparent signs of a dump, past in- dustrial activities, or other red flags, then it is probably not necessary to go any further. If areas of potential concern do show up, they should be investigated by a qualified environ- mental engineer. If remediation is necessary, the environmental engi- neer should be able to advise you on how to proceed, and put you in touch with relevant agencies to help you come up with a workable plan. (More complete discussion of devel- opment on brown -field sites will be provided in a future issue of EBN.) Integration with Surrounding Region A building site is not an entity unto itself, but rather part of a broader built and unbuilt environment. An important part of site assessment is examining how this particular prop- erty —and the buildings on it —will relate to surrounding sites and the region. Cudnohufsky stresses that part of the analysis of a site needs to be its connection with the area. "Don't forget to look outward from the site," he told EBN. "There is a dif- ferent relationship on each boundary of the property." Consider the con- nection with nonfragmented wildlife habitat on abutting lands, protection of regional surface waters and wet- lands, and integration with regional transportation systems that provide alternatives to automobile travel. 2 SPECIAL REPRINT — Environmental Building News • March 1998 Volume 7, Number 3 • Environmental Building News — SPECIAL REPRINT 7 Feature Article: Getting to Know a Place Feature Article: Getting to Know a Place Aesthetics and Views Along with considering orientation and building siting from an energy standpoint, we need also to consider views that the building will provide. Green building is, in part, about celebrating nature. Designing a build- ing to make it easier for the occu- pants to appreciate their surround- ings may increase their motivation to protect or restore the land around them. How will the building place- ment on a property impact the views and aesthetics of the land? When Brattleboro, Vermont landscape ar- chitect Monroe Whitaker, of Stevens Consulting Engineers, walks a piece of land with property owners plan- ning to build, he always asks what it is they particularly like about the property. Very often he finds that it is the views of the land. When they get to the point of siting a home on the land, he asks them to think about how that building will affect their appreciation of the land. It is not uncommon for him to find that the envisioned home will destroy just what the property owners most love about the land —because the house would sit right in the middle of the open meadow that dominates the viewscape. Through this envisioning process, Whitaker helps them find a building site that will preserve the aesthetic qualities of the land that initially attracted them to it. Walk- ing the land —in all times of day and year —is the best way to learn what it holds from an aesthetic standpoint. Toxics Inventory On any piece of land where there has been significant use over the past hundred years, it is a good idea to investigate whether toxic materials might be present. Old farm dumps can contain corroding barrels of highly toxic pesticides. Old autos can leak oil, gasoline, antifreeze, and other fluids into soils, surface waters or groundwater. An abandoned elec- trical transformer could be leaking PCBs. Discarded automobile batter - Site Planning and Design Strategies: A Checklist for Rural Building Sites SITE SELECTION Reevaluate whether devel- Before proceeding with plans to build on rural sites, opment on "greenfield" consider alternatives, such as building in village or town sites is appropriate. areas, or renovating an existing building. Build on disturbed portions Build on previously developed, damaged, or disturbed of a site. portions of a site, and protect more pristine areas. Minimize impact area Limit building impact to as small a portion of the site as on a site. possible. Rather than building in the center of a parcel, for example, locate the building(s) in one corner and keep most of the land undeveloped. Minimize the visual Consider the visual impact of your planned building(s) impact of new buildings. on the surrounding area. Study the site from the vantage point of neighbors and roads, and try to fit building(s) discretely into the landscape. Protect ecologically sensi- Avoid disturbance to wetlands and other ecologically tive areas. sensitive areas from buildings, driveways, utility lines, etc. Protect and celebrate a Determine the qualities and features that make a site site's uniqueness. unique, and work to protect and celebrate them through siting or special design actions. Help protect wild areas Work with neighboring landowners to protect wildlife beyond your property corridors and large contiguous areas of significant borders. wildlife habitat. Avoid building on Prime agricultural soils, whether or not in current agricultural land. agricultural use, should be protected from development whenever possible. Allow landforms and Lay out buildings and driveways only after carefully vegetation to inform siting. mapping and studying the land and the vegetative cover. Try to fit the development onto the land in a low - impact and non -obtrusive manner. Minimize driveway impact. Locate buildings closer to the road to reduce the length of driveway needed, provide shared driveways whenever possible, and avoid steep slopes. Optimize solar orientation. Select a building site that will permit passive solar and daylighting design appropriate to the climate. In most climates, the unobstructed S or SE orientation is optimal. Choose sites that provide Particularly in warm climates, look for a building site natural shading. where natural shading is provided by trees or other vegetation, especially on the west and east. Choose sites that are In cold climates, situate buildings so that landforms and protected from wind. existing vegetation will help to shield the buildings from winter wind. Avoid ridgetops and hilltops as building sites (a strategy that also reduces a building's visual impact on the landscape). Choose sites with a It is not always wise to build on flat land. Buildings can moderate grade. accommodate relatively steep slopes (sometimes as high as 30%—depending on soils and other conditions). Retain flat land for other uses (agriculture, parking, play). Sloped sites also provide better drainage. part of the year; the presence of dis- tinctive, recognizable soils, usually with high organic content or anearobic conditions; and the pres- ence of vegetation that is adapted to —and indicative of —wet soils, sur- face water, and/or flooding. Very often, wetlands are subdivided into several classifications. A hydrologic map should show all surface waters as well as wetlands, divided into subtypes when possible. Wet- lands delineation is gener- ,/Z ally required by regula- tory bodies. that will support healthy and pro- ductive biodiversity on the site. It can also be used to figure out where buildings and roadways would be most appropriate. Building place- ment may make the most sense on ecologically damaged areas of a site, for example, or where natural shad- ing will help reduce cooling loads. Vegetation can also have a signifi- ro I Act', General information on groundwater can Illustration: Walt Cudn be obtained from geologic, hydrologic, or soils maps, but as o with the surface waters and wetlands maps, these will rarely p be very precise. Data on drilled wells in the area might also be available from the state or county. Knowing the depth and recharge rate of drilled wells in your area will help you get a sense of what you can expect on your site. If extremely deep wells with very low recharge rates are the norm, for example, that might suggest that such strategies as xeriscaping and rainwater catchment should be con- sidered. Vegetation Vegetation is both a highly visible component of most landscapes and an excellent indicator of soils, wet- lands, and trends that are affecting the land, such as air pollution, im- paired drainage, soil disturbance, or runoff of road salt along highways. Through careful analysis of vegeta- tion on a site, it is often possible to determine what the past level of dis- turbance has been and what the na- tive vegetation might have been like prior to European settlement, though the latter may be difficult to discern based solely on analysis of what's there today. This information can be used to plan a strategy for protect- ing or restoring native ecosystems Whenever possible, limit development n rural "greenfield" sites to a small ortion of the site. cant impact on views, wind block- age, the microclimate, sound control (here the effect is less than a lot of people assume), and even property values —a single large shade tree left on a building lot can enhance the value of a new home by thousands of dollars (see EBN Vol. 4, No. 1). Any detailed evaluation of a site should include a careful inventory of vegetation. Vegetation can be classi- fied in a number or ways, including floristic (classification by species), and physiognomic (classification by form and function —forest, wood- land, grassland, etc.). Often, the veg- etation analysis will categorize the vegetation types into different levels, each based on a different classifica- tion type. A very detailed vegetation inventory might also include map- ping of individual trees. At the 1600- acre (647 ha) Haymount develop- ment south of Washington, D.C., which should ultimately include more than 4,000 housing units along with commercial development, all trees over 18 inches (450 mm) in di- ameter were mapped in an effort to figure out where development would have the least impact. Exist- ing trees over 6 inches (150 mm) in diameter may only be removed with permission of the Town Architect's office, according to the plan. Very generalized vegetation maps might be. available locally or regionally, based on satellite analysis or aerial photographs. Also, critical habitat maps showing approximate loca- tions of endangered or threatened plant species maybe available from a state or regional agency. On many sites, particularly those where ex- tensive disturbance has occurred, the vegetation will be dominated by introduced (or invasive) plant species. Most ecological landscaping profession- als argue that native vegetation is preferable to nonnative vegetation, because it is part of an established ecosystem. But agricultural uses of land are also important, and preserv- ing agricultural lands may be a high priority for many green develop- ment projects. Wildlife Habitat Providing for wildlife habitat should be an important consideration with most green development projects — certainly for any in rural locations, but even for urban sites. Strategies to protect and enhance wildlife habi- tat go hand -in -hand with strategies to protect native vegetation and wet- lands. But with wildlife habitat, the issues are often geographically broader. To provide for wildlife habitat on a particular site, it is usu- ally necessary to examine how that site relates to the surrounding land. Because wildlife naturally moves from one place to another foraging for food and breeding, there is sig- nificant concern about habitat frag- mentation. An important goal of land -use planning on a regional as well as site -specific level is to pro- vide contiguous wildlife corridors. Roadways and even a line of low - density development can provide 6 SPECIAL REPRINT — Environmental Building News • March 1998 Volume 7, Number 3 • Environmental Building News — SPECIAL REPRINT 3 Feature Article: Getting to Know a Place Feature Article: Getting to Know a Place imposing barriers to wildlife move- ment, whether white-tailed deer, box turtles, or songbirds. Your state wildlife or fish -and -game agency may have information on wildlife habitat, but the emphasis of that research is often on game species, such as deer, wild turkey, and bear, rather than less prominent wildlife. Many states also maintain offices that address nongame wildlife, including threatened species. If that sort of in- formation is not available from a government agency, contact your state office of The Nature Conser- vancy, which may compile informa- tion on threatened habitat. It is worth noting here that even urban areas can offer significant wildlife habitat. Some of the most important migra- tory waterfowl stopover locations are within city limits of places like Phila- delphia, and ecologically rich stream corridors run through many cities. Climate and Microclimate Information on the local climate — temperature, insolation (solar radia- tion), wind, and precipitation —is critically important for the energy design of buildings. It can also be used in planning appropriate land- scape plantings on a site. Temperature There are various types of tempera- ture data we can use. Design tempera- tures (the reasonably expected mini- mum winter temperature and maxi- mum temperature) are needed to size mechanical equipment. Heating de- gree-day and cooling degree-day infor- mation tells us the overall magni- tude of the heating and cooling sea- sons, or portions thereof. Degree-days are computed by averaging high and low temperatures each day and cal- culating the difference from a base temperature —in the I-P system, the standard base temperature is 65OF for heating and 75°F for cooling. Design temperatures, as well as both monthly and annual degree-day averages, are widely available for hundreds of locations around the country. For U.S. locations, the most accessible data is from the National Climate Data Center of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA (http: / / www.ncdc.noaa.gov/). Local heat- ing degree-day information is usu- ally available from fuel oil or pro - NGt9TIMS aRo.1 sumas CAL pw-es AXYa BI.I characteristics of the particular site. Regional insolation or solar radiation data is available for several hundred cities in the U.S. from the National Re- newable Energy Laboratory (http: / / ccedc.nrel.gov/solar/), and may be available from other sources, such as nearby universities and research laboratories. Look for measured or averaged data for horizontal surfaces in Btus/square foot or Watt-hours/ square meter. Information on percent sunshine or cloud cover may also be avail- ahla frnm enma crnirrac Rr=VUCF_5 FigaT-GLARE Illustration: Walt Cud Trees and other vegetation can help modify the microclimate around buildings. pane gas companies, which use it for scheduling fuel deliveries. While these sources of temperature infor- mation are very useful, keep in mind that there can be significant varia- tions based on elevation, topogra- phy, and microclimate. Tempera- tures drop with elevation (adiabatic cooling) by about 3-50F for every 1000 feet (1.7-2.8°C per 1000 m) of elevation rise, for example, but this can be offset by the tendency of cool, dense air to flow down hillsides and collect in low-lying pockets. Orien- tation of a slope (aspect) also affects temperature: south -facing slopes are considerably warmer than north - facing slopes because they receive more solar radiation. Related to temperature is informa- tion on the growing season. This can include the average dates of first and last killing frosts and the U.S. De- partment of Agriculture (USDA) "Plant Hardiness Zone Map," which is widely published in garden books. Insolation and solar access Availability of sunlight is determined both by the regional climate and by Evaluating solar access is a very different pro- cess than finding out how much sunshine is available nohufsky regionally. Solar access var- ies widely on a particular site, depending on orientation, slope, nearby topography (hills, mountains), and vegetation on the site. Relative to building design, solar access generally refers to access to the sun's apparent path across the southern sky (in the northern hemi- sphere). Various devices were devel- oped during the 1970s to simplify the task of determining solar access on a particular site, a few of which are still on the market. Solar access can often be modified significantly by shifting the planned location of a building or removing trees to the south of a building site. FM Wind can be both beneficial and det- rimental to the energy performance of a building, and it can determine to a great extent appropriate locations for landscape plantings. From a building standpoint, plantings can shield a building from cold winter winds, or help channel cool summer breezes into a building, helping re- duce air conditioning requirements. Throughout much of North America, prevailing winds are from the west. However, even though prevailing winds may be predominantly from one direction, there are usually sig- nificant periods of time when the winds are blowing from a different direction. Plus, there is significant lo- cal variation as a result of mountains, hills, river valleys, even buildings and roadways. Wind data is available from weather stations, airports, and some univer- sities and research laboratories. The nearest wind data collection point will provide valuable information, as long as local (microclimate) variation is considered. One of the most use- ful pieces of information on wind is a wind rose. This shows graphically the amount of time prevailing winds are from the 16 subdivisions of a compass (N, NNE, NE, ENE, etc.). To be most useful, try to obtain wind rose data for different seasons, so you can see whether the prevailing winds change seasonally. For a par- ticular site, anecdotal information from neighbors can be particularly useful. Or, wind data can be collected on -site over a period of time —be- cause of seasonal differences, moni- toring wind for a full year is ideal. Precipitation Unless you're on an island with highly variable precipita- tion patterns —there are places in Hawaii where rainfall varies from 400 inches (10 m) per year to less than 20 (50 cm) within just a few miles —you can usually get a fairly accurate picture of precipitation averages and seasonal patterns from collection stations in the region or from the Na- tional Climate Data Center. Along with knowing total precipitation, it is important to understand how that precipitation typically falls. Is it sea- sonal, with 90% usually falling in the winter wet season? Does it arrive in a few deluges interspersed by long pe- riods of drought? This information, referred to as intensity -duration fre- quency (IDF) curves, is available from the U.S. Weather Bureau (Technical Paper No. 40) and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Ad- ministration (Hydro-35). State high- way departments and NRCS offices may be other sources of precipitation data. Knowing the expected quantity and nature of precipitation will help you decide on appropriate plantings around the planned building(s) and also help you establish priorities regarding water conservation, gray - water use for landscaping, and rain- water harvesting. In and regions, for example, xeriscaping will be a higl ,er priority than in wetter areas. Rain- water catchment makes sense in ar- eas with moderate rainfall —little enough that water is a highly valued resource, but enough (and spread out enough) that it can be depended on for the planned uses. According to some experts, rainwater harvest- ing makes the most sense when pre- cipitation is between 15 and 30 inches (40-80 mm) per year. If storm events Illustration: Walt Cudnohufsky Shared driveways make sense — whether the development is residential or commercial. are severe but spread far apart, the landscape plan needs to address stormwater management and infil- tration very carefully to avoid signifi- cant downstream impacts. Finally, in colder climates, expected winter snowfall needs to be considered rela- tive to building design and plantings. Humidity The final climatic condition we will address here is relative humidity — how much moisture is in the air rela- tive to the maximum amount that the air could hold. In buildings, humid- ity is an important determinant of comfort and a condition that needs to be considered in selecting cooling strategies and equipment. In low - humidity areas, for example, evapo- rative coolers provide a cost-effective air conditioning strategy, but they don't work well in humid climates. Similarly, the strategy of opening a building up at night and closing it during the day in the summer for natural cooling is less effective in very humid areas where moisture - laden nighttime air can result in mil- dew problems or require use of dehumidification equipment. History of the Land Use While this article focuses primarily on physical, climatological, and eco- logical aspects of a property, the his- torical influences can also be an important factor in site planning and design decisions. Past human influ- ences need not be ignored; in some cases they should even be cele- brated. What existed on the site previously? Is there evidence of pre- vious settlement? What stories do the old stone walls winding through a New England woodland tell? What is the history of an adobe home ruins on a Southwest mesa? There may have been wisdom in the way an early carriage path crossed a piece of land, as evidenced by an ancient row of trees and subtle depression in a hillside. The placement and orienta- tion of early settlers' homes, as evi- denced by the remaining ruins, can tell us volumes. Information on the history of a piece of land can be elusive but fascinat- ing. It can take you to early land deeds, discussions with old-timers still in the area, published histories of the region, historical society librar- ies, and on -site investigations. A number of prominent green develop- ment projects have made extensive use of archaeological investigations to learn about the history of the land use, even prior to European settle- ment. 4 SPECIAL REPRINT — Environmental Building News • March 1998 Volume 7, Number 3 • Environmental Building News — SPECIAL REPRINT 5 CONSERVATION SUBDIVISION DESIGN A Four -Step Process NATURAL LANDS: SPECIAL PLACES IN YOUR COMMUNITY If you live in a rural area or along the suburban fringe, chances are that you live not far from a stream valley, wildflower meadow, or patch of woods. Chances are also good that none of these special places will be recognizable 20 or 30 years from now, unless they are in a public park, state forest or wildlife refuge, or unless they happen to be protected through a conservation easement held by a conservation organization such as the Natural Lands Trust. That is because most townships have adopted zoning and subdivision ordinances whose principal purpose is to set rules for the orderly conversion of virtually all land that is dry, flood -free and flat to moderately sloping, into developed properties. Fortunately, practical alternatives do in fact exist, and this publication describes a straight -forward way to ensure that new subdivisions are designed around the central organizing principle of conservation. This technique can also be used to help communities create an interconnected network of open space through creative approaches to land development. SPECIAL FEATURES WORTH CONSERVING The aerial drawing above shows how a partially wooded property could be developed at the full two - acre density allowed under local zon- ing, following the principles of conservation design. Altogether, two-thirds of this 82-acre parcel could be conserved, including 17 acres of wetlands and steep slopes, and 37 acres of upland without any building constraints. Although the hedgerows on this site are not visually spectacular, they are capable of providing instant Working aoith people to conserve land in our region and our communities it. C O N S E R V A T I O N S U B D I V I S I O N D E S I G N buffering 'between backyards in addition to their intrinsic habitat value. The species found there along a typical 300-foot length include white ash, cockspur hawthorn, wild crabapple, black cherry, shadblow serviceberry, hackberry and white oak. These trees provide many perching, feeding and nesting opportunities for a variety of arbo- real birds such as indigo buntings, tree swallows and bluebirds. Below them grows a dense thicket of shrubs including black choke. berry, box huckleberry, pin cherry, American hazelnut, viburnum, elderberry and blackberry bramble which, together with a variety of thick meadow grasses, offer excel- lent cover for meadow voles and other small rodents, providing Abundant food sources for foxes and other carnivores. The little hollow sheltering the spring house where the stream rises is filled with rue anemone, sweet flag, marsh bellflowers, turtlehead, spearmint, milkweed, silky dog- wood and summersweet or sweet pepperbush, and the wildflower meadow in the northwest corner of the property is noted for its wild strawberry, sleepy catchfly, tall anemone thimbleweed and broomsedge. These features can also be seen in Figure Z, showing the site in its pre -development state. Under normal development cir- cumstances, not one of these fea- tures would rate -highly enough for it to be designed around and saved, or even noted, as local ordinances typi- cally do not address conservation of such natural areas. However, they provide food and shelter for a myriad of birds, small mammals, amphib- ians and insects. (For example, milk- weed is a critical plant in the life cycle of the Monarch butterfly, a species that is currently suffering markedly from the careless destruc- tion of this kind of habitat, which is almost universally being replaced by tidy suburban lawns.) Figure 2 BEFORE DEVELOPMENT AERIAL SKETCH Figure YIELD NATURAL LANDS TRUST 2 FEBRUARY 1995 CONSERVATION S U B D I V IS ION DESIGN COKVENTIONAL SUBDIVISION DESIGN Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the typi- cal kind of "checkerboard" layout that is permitted (sometimes even required) by local zoning and subdi- vision ordinances. Conventional developments such as this needlessly displace wildlife habitat and convert other natural areas into ecologically diminished suburban yardspace. The same number of houses could just as easily be accommodated onto a smaller portion of the land, not only reducing development costs but also helping to foster a greater sense of community among the new residents by providing them with a more neigh- borly arrangement of homes. The two -acre lots shown in these draw- ings are "too large to mow and too small to plow." Meanwhile, many forms of wildlife are driven farther away, and opportunities to take woodland walks or weekend strolls across wildflower meadows simply do not exist, because every acre has been divided into private lawns and yards. THE CONTEXT Municipal Planning for Conservation and Development To broaden land conservation efforts throughout the region, the Natural Lands Trust has for the past three years been working on an approach to revising local zoning and subdivision ordinances that will multiply the options available to landowners, setting higher standards for both the quantity and quality of land that is set aside for permanent conservation. Network of Conservation Lands The ultimate goal of these plan- ning efforts is to help communities identify and protect an intercon- nected network of natural lands woven into the fabric of new devel- opment, to assure greener futures for succeeding generations of residents. While traditional conservation methods such as acquisition, ease- ments and "limited development" ( involving greatly reduced densities) will continue to play an important role in certain instances, it is likely that the vast majority of undevel- oped parcels in our region will ulti- mately be proposed for full -density residential development in the years to come. It is therefore essential that more conservation -oriented design standards be incorporated into the local land -use ordinances that gov- ern subdivision proposals, so that the majority of new developments will contain a substantial percent- age of protected open space. Municipal Open Space Plans The site planning principles which the Trust advocates for individual properties that are proposed by their owners for development— principles which are the main subject of this article — are part of a much larger effort to help local officials prepare community -wide open space plans. These plans typically include maps combining a variety of natural re- source data with tax parcel bound- aries to identify, well in advance of development, broad opportunities for conservation throughout the com- munity. Ordinance improvements After completing these maps and drafting specific planning policies to conserve significant resources, the next step involves helping local officials to update their land -use ordinances. A key provision recom- mended by the Trust allows munici- palities to require that developers take those pre -identified conserva- tion areas into account and design their houselots and streets around them in a respectful manner. In a typical situation, flexible standards for lot size and frontage allow for the full legal density to be achieved on one-third to one-half of the build- able land, leaving the balance in permanent conservation. Several townships in our region have also taken the further step of requiring that developers group their homes on half or less of their uncon- strained land so that upland terres- trial habitat and other ecologically important areas may be maintained in their natural state. Current regu- lations in most municipalities pro- tect only unbuildable areas such as wetlands, floodplains, and steep slopes (the so-called "obligatory open space"). Without open space design standards such as advocated by the Trust, most developers would continue to overlook other impor- tant conservation possibilities in their subdivisions, fragmenting many kinds of natural lands into individual houselots, rather than designing around them to create undivided conservation areas managed for long- term resource protection. The kind of resource fragmenta- tion described above is illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 and in the upper part NATURAL LANDS TRUST 3 FEBRUARY 1"S CONSERVATION SUBDIVISION DESIGN .of Figure 5, showing a typical large - lot subdivision layout that divides all upland and lowland areas on the subject parcel into a checkerboard of houselots and streets. Houses would, of course, be located away from wetlands, floodplains and steep slopes under most current ordi- nances, but woodlands and meadows would typically be cut up into indi- col su Figure 5 THREE PARCELS ON A STREAM VALLEY vidual lots and converted to subur- ban yardspace, precluding any over- all management to enhance wildlife habitat or conserve other resource values. In the majority of cases where com- plete protection of the land is not pos- sible, new ordinance standards can be adopted to ensure that developers lay out their houselots and streets around the central organizing principle of open space conservation. Although lots that abut conser- vation land typically sell more quickly and at premium prices com- pared with standard lots surrounded by more of the same, many develop- ers lack experience in designing and marketing this kind of alternative, and therefore tend to continue sub- dividing in the conventional land - consumptive manner. CONSERVATION SUBDIVISIONS A new breed of development — known as "conservation subdivi- sions" — is illustrated in the middle section of Figure 5. In communities where all three controlling docu- ments (the comprehensive plan and the zoning and subdivision ordi- nances) are coordinated to produce an interconnected network of natu- ral lands — even after the last un- protected property is ultimately developed — subdivisions would typically contain between 50 and 70 percent conservation land. Those areas would be located in broad conformance with a community - wide "Map of Conservation and Development" to ensure that the eased land in each development will connect with similar areas on adjoining parcels. Conserving a parcel in its entirety — either through fee ownership or holding an easement — as illustrated in the lower example in Figure 5 is, of course, preferable, but may not always be practicable. The Trust's system of preserves is based on this principle, made possible largely through the generosity of conserva- tion -minded landowners and donors. However, neither county open space bond monies, nor funding available from the state's new "Key 93" pro- gram, will allow any single munici- pality to protect more than a handful of properties in this manner. The balance of this article describes a practical approach for designing full - density subdivisions around conser- vadon principles, in accordance with new planning policies and ordinance standards developed by the Trust to help communities implement their visions of a greener future for the generations that will follow our own. Designing Around Conservation Features: The Four -Step Process Until now, the zoning regulations in most communities have estab- lished a "one size fits all" approach to regulating lot sizes in each of their various districts, essentially creating a single standard size for new houselots which frequently results in "checkerboard" layouts of nearly identical lots covering the entire parcel. This result is illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, which for the pur- poses of the following example serves one useful purpose — as a "Yield Plan" demonstrating the legal de- velopment potential of the site (in this case, 32 lots could be created). To provide more options for land- owners (and developers) who might want to conserve their site's most special features, while at the same time receiving an acceptable eco- nomic return on their property, the Trust has drafted model zoning regulations that offer a wide range of density options (from rural estate lots to village designs), each of which is related to specific standards for open space conservation. This approach is known as "multi -tiered zoning." In addition, our staff has been drafting new standards for designing residential subdivisions and im- proved'procedures for governing the process in which these development proposals are reviewed. The basic idea is to set up an approach in which land conservation becomes the cen- tral organizing principle around which houselots and streets are sen- sitively designed. As a general rule, this approach would conserve at least half the land area of each site, in addition to the wetlands, floodplains and steep slopes that are typically NATURAL LANDS TRUST 4 FEBRUARY 1"5 C O N S E R V A T I O N S U B D I V I S I O N D E S I G N I protected under existing codes. This approach has been drafted to work well at both reduced density and full density levels, so that the principle of landowner equity is respected. Among the procedures recom- mended by the Trust is the prepara- tion of an "Existing Features and Site Analysis Plan." (In this article these features are all shown on Fig- ures 6 and 7.) This critical element identifies all the special characteris- tics of the subject property, from unbuildable areas such as wetlands, floodplains and steep slopes, to other kinds of land that are developable but which contain certain features that merit the small amount of addi- tional effort needed for their conser- vation. Such features might include mature or healthy and diverse wood- lands, wildlife habitats critical for breeding or feeding, hedgerows and prime farmland, scenic views into and out of the site, and historic build- ings in their rural context. Production of the "Existing Fea- tures and Site Analysis Plan" sets the stage for beginning the four -step design process. Step One: Identifying Conservation Areas The first step, which involves the identification of open space worthy of preservation, is divided into two parts: Primary Conservation Areas (Figure 6) limited to regulatory wet- lands, floodplains and steep slopes, and Secondary Conservation Areas ( Figure 7) including those unpro- tected elements of the natural and cultural landscape that deserve to be spared from clearing, grading, and development. The act of delineating conserva- tion areas also defines "Potential Development Areas," which occupy the balance of the site (Figure 8). This completes the first step and virtually ensures that the site's fun- damental integrity will be protected, regardless of the actual configura- tion of houselots and streets that Figure 6 PRIMARN CONSERI AREAS wildflower &meadow ,. T views N.�,• Figure 7 woodlands SECONDARY .L CONSERVATION AREAS <.; is� Ad knollwithlarge ,•y white oak ON/ rr �ygrove old farmhouse views t Figure 8 POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS NATURAL LANDS TRUST 5 FEBRUARY 1995 C O N S E R V A T I O N S U B D I V I S I O N D E S I G N r will follow. In other words, once the "big picture" of conservation has been brought into focus, the rest of the design process essentially in- volves only lesser details. Those details, which are of critical impor- tance to developers, realtors and future residents, are addressed dur- ing the last three steps. In Figure 7, those features include hedgerows, wildflower meadows, a large white oak tree, a grove of trees on the site of the original farmhouse and rural roads into the property from the township road. Step Two: Locating House Sites The second step involves locating the approximate sites of individual houses, which for marketing and quality -of -life reasons should be placed at a respectful proximity to the conservation areas, with homes backing up to woodlands or hedge. rows for privacy, fronting onto a cen- tral common or wildflower meadow, or enjoying long views across open fields or boggy areas (Figure 9). In a full -density plan, the number of house sites will be the same as that shown on the "Yield Plan" (32 in this example). Other options would include voluntarily reducing that density to create a "limited develop- ment" plan, which under certain cir- cumstances might produce the same economic payoff for the landowner. Step Three: Aligning Streets and Trails The third step consists of tracing a logical alignment for local streets to access the 32 homes and for infor- mal footpaths to connect various parts of the neighborhood, making it easier for residents to enjoy walking through the open space, observing seasonal changes in the landscape and possibly meeting other folks who live at the other end of the subdivision (Figure 10). Figure 9 LOCATIi SITES Figure 10 ALIGNING STREETS AND TRAILS Figure 1 DRAWII� LOT LIN] NATURAL LANDS TRUST 6 FEBRUARYIM 0 C O N S E R V A T I O N S U B D I V I S I O N D E S I G N S • - Step Four: Drawing in the Lot Lines The final step is simply a matter of drawing in the lot lines, perhaps the least important part of the process. Successful developers of open space subdivisions know that most buyers prefer homes in attractive park -like settings, and that views of protected open space enable them to sell lots or houses faster and at premium prices (Figures 1 and 11). Such homes also tend to appreciate more in value, compared with those on lots in stan- dard "cookie -cutter" developments offering no views or nearby open space. SUMMING UP Advantages for Municipalities, Developers, and Residents Perhaps the most significant as- pect of this design process is the way that it can help communities build an interconnected network of con servation areas. As described at the beginning of this publication, town- ship -wide open space plans, contain- ing "Maps of Conservation and Development", can pre -identify land to be conserved in each new res- idential subdivision. Of course, such plans must be supplemented by amendments to zoning and subdivi- sion ordinances to ensure that de- velopers design around the natural features on their property and place them into undivided conservation areas rather than allowing them to be converted to suburban lawns and streets. Conservation planning staff at the Trust have worked with a number of municipalities in our four -county region to implement such improvements and have acted as advisors to many landowners and developers. These kinds of designs are finding a ready market among homebuyers, who are placing greater emphasis on "quality of life" issues when purchas- ing new houses. In our area several developers have recognized the value of open space conservation, using it successfully as a marketing tool in some of their recent subdivisions. Long vistas across 137 acres of per- manently preserved fields, plus 76 acres of protected woodlands, have helped make one 418-acre subdivi- sion in lower Bucks the fastest sell- ing development in its price range in the County. Similarly, preserva- tion of nearly half the woodlands at another development in southern Delaware County, has boosted sales to prospective purchasers, each of whom receives a handsome trail brochure when touring the model homes in that project. Confirming what Trust staff had long suspected, an informal survey by The Philadelphia Inquirer has re- vealed that as many as four out of five house buyers in two new golf course developments in Montgom- ery County have little or no interest in playing golf. They have chosen homes there primarily because they prefer to dwell in park -like settings, ones that offer attractive views from their windows and pleasant places in which to stroll. Developers find that lots abutting or looking onto open space sell faster — and at pre- mium prices — compared with lots that are surrounded by more of the same. The good news for everyone is that huge sums need no longer be spent clearing natural land to create artificial open space in the form of golf courses. Developers who let Nature alone can reap the same benefits at minimal cost — and with minimal disturbance to woodlands, meadows and fields. i- n �yl+r M Figure 12 A view across a protected meadow toward a group of new homes built at the edge of the woods. This view, from a township road, typifies the pattern of conservation and development represented by the examples illustrated in Designing Open Space Subdivisions. NATURAL LANDS TRUST 7 FEBRUARY 1"5 CONSERVATION D E S 1 G N F O R S U B D I V I S I O N S TOWARD ANEW LAND ETHIC The idea of a "land ethic" repre- sents an evolution from the ancient Judeo-Christian ethics that govern relations among individuals and between individuals and society. Sixty years ago, Aldo Leopold sug- gested a third kind of ethic to deal with man's relation to the land. As Leopold, who founded the dis- cipline of game management at the University of Wisconsin, observed in 1933, "There is yet no ethic deal- ingwith man's relation with the land and the animals and plants which grow upon it... The land -relation is still strictly economic, entailing privileges but not obligations." The idea of a land ethic is probably very much alive in the minds and hearts of many rural residents, including many landowners. What farmer, for example, would truly prefer the noise of traffic or the hum of air conditioners over the sound of Bird- song or the rustle of wind through the leaves? Who would prefer to see roof- tops defining the horizon line in- stead of treetops, or parking lots instead of fields and meadows? In Leopold's time there were few financial alternatives for those who depended upon the value of their land to ease their retirement years, or to pay for health care costs. Today a variety of options exist, allowing landowners to realize the economic value of their farms and woodlands without destroying the wildlife and ecological values of their properties. The 150-page handbook described in this brief publication (Designing Open Space Subdivisions) illustrates one of these options, one that could be used along with others to strike a better balance between development and natural areas conservation. Among those other options are the purchase of development rights, the transfer of development rights, "landowner compacts" involving density shifts among contiguous parcels, bargain sales to land con- servancies, and "limited develop- ment". Of the entire range of alternatives, it is likely that the approach described in our new hand- book offers the greatest potential because it does not require public expenditure, does not depend upon landowner generosity, does not need a special "high end" market, does not involve complicated regulations for transferring rights to other sites and does not depend upon the cooperation of two or more adjoining land- owners. This is not to imply that the other options should not be actively encouraged in your com- munity, but rather to place those techniques in a realistic perspective as supporting elements in an' areawide program of conservation and develop- ment that is most logically based upon the flexibility and advantages offered by "conservation subdivision design", within a comprehensive planning framework as delineated on a town- ship -wide "Map of Conservtion and Development".. The great advantage of some of those other options is that many of them preserve parcels in their en- tirety, although they are imple- mented less frequently. The great advantage of open space planning and conservation design is that when they are institutionalized into local zoning and subdivision ordinances, they will be used on a day-to-day basis to protect significant percent- ages of land in each new subdivision that is proposed. Further information about this approach is contained in the Natural Lands Trust's publica- tion, Conservation Design for Subdivisions. Available in April 1996 for $35.00 from Island Press (1-800-828.1302), this comprehensive 150-page handbook with color plates is written in non -technical lan- guage and illustrates each step of the design process for seven different sites. Model ordinance language is also provided in an extensive appendix, which also describes the economic benefits of conserving natural lands in new subdivisions. . Research for the handbook was made possible by grants from the W. Alton Jones Foundation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Natural Lands Trust is a re- gional land trust dedicated to working with people to conserve land in the Delaware Valley and other nearby areas of environmental concern by acquiring and managing pre- serve properties, accepting conservation easements, and encouraging and supporting the conservation efforts of landowners, communities, government agencies, and non-profit organizations. HILDACY FARM 1031 PALMERS MILL ROAD MEDIA, PENNSYLVANIA 19063 TEL: (610) 353-5587 Fnx: (610) 353.0517 r NATURAL LANDS TRUST CA PRINTED oN RECYCLED PA Ps FEBRUARY 1"5 I �!)nr,ly tily "vAn I FREDERICK AND CLARKE COUNTIES, VIRGINIA COMMUNITY CENTF,R CONCEPT SITE PLAN SEPTENIBER, ?000 OOGYDOD OEVF1pfIFI.T ,Rd.T 11�00 S�A�IUS! VAILEV OR PIFSiQV VA :.`Oil AMR SHENANDOAH 1 1111111 I I "LIM %Ro t-%NDS'k',%PE I J STRA ritill F(41'm go, I iTa-j Cal SHENANDOAH CLURHOLSE COURry tRD I-OIDSCAM PLvI "The amateur can, if he has imagination and persistence, select and solve actual scientific natural -history problems as virgin as the sun... In these higher aspirations, the important thing is not to achieve, but to strive." Aldo Leopold Aldo Leopold, in his writing on land stewardship and environmental ethics, praised the potential of people who had . taught themselves to. observe, analyze and report their , observations of the natural world in their own backyards. The National Wildlife Federation® has taken as part of its mission the charge to educate, inspire, and assist those who would .add their energies to the ranks of Citizen Naturalists, a group of primarily self-taught community volunteers who support and complement the work of professional ecologists, naturalists, and wildlife biologists. It is these volunteers who can make significant, positive changes — for people and wildlife - through educating themselves and others on how and why we must conserve habitat for local flora and fauna in our communities. The mission of the National Wildlife Federation is to educate, inspire, and assist individuals and organizations of diverse cultures to N AT I ON A c conserve wildlife and other natural resources and �WILDDLIFE .to protectthe earth's environment in order to FEDERATION' achieve a peaceful, equitable and sustainable future. ReSources National Wildlife Federation publications that may be ordered by phone or mail: . Backyard Wildlife Habitat Information Packet, $12.95 Includes, planning guide, application for certification, The Backyard Naturalist book, and more. JInformation packets containing a pre -paid application for certification are available at the 250+ Wild Birds Unlimited stores. Visit www.wbu.com to locate the store nearest to you!] • Schoolyard Habitats Information Kit, $14.95 Includes planning guide, poster, application for certification, The.Backyard Naturalist book, -and more. • Wildlife Habitat in the Workplace Information Packet, . $.14.95 Includes plan ning.guide, special workplace guide, application for certification, and cost -savings information.. • Conservation Directory, $61.00 The nation's most comprehensive listing of organizations, agencies, and -officials concerned with conservation, the environment, and natural resource use and management: To order by mail, please send check payable to National Wildlife Federation to: Backyard Wildlife Habitat Program Office National Wildlife Federation 8925 Leesburg Pike Vienna, VA 22184-0001 To'order a publication by phone using Visa or MasterCard, please call, (410} 516-6583. For all other inquiries and to find out about obtaining materials and applications in bulk for educational programs, please call the, program office at (703) 790-4434. . Endangered Species If you are interested in the protection of endangered species, join National Wildlife Federation's Endangered Species Activist Network which 'offers concerned citizens a way to become involved in influencing important endangered species conservation legislation. For more information or to join the, network, write to Endangered Species Activist Network, National Wildlife Federation,: 1400 16th .Street NW: Washington, D.C. 20036. ✓ Please check any of.the following' formal projects in which cathZert. NaWa[15t. you actively participate: catltdAtiorff O Project Feed&Watch" I 0 Nest Box Monitoring CT International Migratory Bird. Day I In 1973; the National Wildlife '> 0 " Save Our Streams I Federation established the Backyard F a y' " �_. 4th of July ButterflyCount I Wildlife Ha'program. Itstarted 0 Monarch Watch I as, and remains today, an effort that 0 Journey North provides millions of people with basic 0 Keeping.Trackc, Inc.. guidelines for making their -landscapes more suitable":.' O NatureMapping i habitats for wildlife. Today the program has certif ed'over • O Green .Map System 24,000 Backyard. Wildlife Habitat sites and has responded to O National Audubon Society Christmas -Bird Count I hundreds of thousands of requests for information. To become - 0 North America:'Amphibian. Monitoring Program I certified, wildlife enthusiasts employ environmentally sensitive 0 "Other (please list): I gardening techniques and landscape their yards to provide four major wildlife habitat elements: food, water, cover, and places to raise young. I Soon after certification, many backyard wildfifers also become active in their communities. These Citizen Naturalists work:on habitat projects at schools; assist as educators at nature centers; participate. informal Are you, a'professional"in the field. of ecology, conservation, landscaping. ` data collecting and monitor.:ing projects; and organize action campaigns natural resources, or, other related, area? 0 Yes 0 No to conserve habitat in their own communities. Why.do.they take such If "es . lease.describe:" —. ` y p strides to tte dot_ help songbirds,. bu ifljes; an her wildlife with whom we " share our communities? Becausehabitat loss is the greatest threat to 0 Please check here if you would NOT like to be listed -in our I biodiversit , the grand,varietyof life forms that- live on Earth, and because network of Citizen Naturalists who are: available to assist others. I they, immediately see what a difference their efforts have made: No matter where we are, we can take actions in our daily lives and Please feel free to attach.a more detailed description L, have. a. positive impact on our local environment. Together we earl work of your activities and"efforts. I to ease the return of'some-s "ecies that have.disa eared from our. P Pp neighborhoods and to restore the biodiversity of our -communities. In " Thank -you for taking the time to complete this form! I going beyond our backyards, Citizen Naturalists carry forth the National I' Wildlife Federation's message that everyone can, and should, playa vital role. in the very necessary process of conserving habitat -for wildlife and e protecting the Earth's environment. This booklet is a call to action. In this•booklet are -examples -of how Please. send to: i people can work together toward habitat conservation beyond their own . borders and can build a sense of community in doing so. Backyard' Wildlife -Habitat Program Office I Anthropologist Margaret Mead once said "Never doubt that a small National Wildlife Federation I group of thoughtful; committed citizens can change'the world; indeed, it's NATIONAL- 8925 Leesburg Pike I WILDLIFE. the only thing'that ever has." By creatingryou own Backyard Wildlife ` Vienna VA 2218470001 I FEDERATION® Habitat project, you have demonstrated your commitment to I conservation. Now you are ready to take your passion and knowledge for -wildlife and go Beyond Your. Backyard! Habitat.Be o A M ,[tLZ.e'rL`Nat.Ura LsNetWork v. sncKYnRn WILDLIFE Be part of the National Wildlife Federation Citizen Naturalist Network . HABITAT® YOL BorderSby completing and returning thisform.- .0wrl r+enoNnwn.w.,reeeo.nAnorve. L. .Name: Planning and maintaining a landscape for wildlife can be a challenge for. beginners. As -a backyard wildlifer, you may able to provide Address:... valuable assistance (whether it be technical, organizational, educational or inspirational) on habitat projects within your community. The City: State: zip.: following are some real -life examples of -how people.are working . together to save and restore habitat for wildlife in their own Phone Number. _( communities: , E7m il •� aaddress: Back and Wildlife Habi Communi � Gardens for Wildlife Are you Certified in the y tat Program? O Yes 0 No Liz Christy Bowery -Houston Garden, New York, New. York If yes, what is your habitat number? . Backyard Wildlife Habitat Site #7691 In 1973 Liz Chris and rou of neighbors. to combat the:'Are you involved in a habitat project at any of the following types of . Christy g , p, . g,�. l disinterest and destruction of. their community. In plantin 1 the'first I ocations? ✓Check all that apply.. community, garden in New York City, this group planted.the seeds fora O school 0-workplace O faith center movement to save the city frombecoming a warehouse of individuals tl community site '(please specify) isolated from each other and the natural world. They called. themselves O other (please specify) the Green Guerillas now the name. of the nationally recognized, grass roots organization that oversees and assists Hundreds of community ✓ Please check all of the following'ways that you have gone gardens rn New York's five.boroughs.. The Liz Christy garden has been I Beyond Your Backyard. carefully planned and maintained not only to_provide interest fo.r:people O organization experts o 1. Esta.blished a network of local zations and wh but also to .be a safe -habitat where wildlife can thrive in the hostile urban can assist homeowners, schools, etc. with. habitat projects. . environment., With plantings that provide. natural food. and cover and a l 02. Working with businesses iri my area on' habitat -related projects. - small pond, the garden is a resting place and home for numerous wildlife 03: Volunteering ata local school or community: center to teach species; including sparrows, brushes; black swallowtail`butte'rflies, children about th:e wildlife and.habitat. bullfrogs,, red -eared turtles snails, honey bees,.and many. more. 0 4. Assisting a local.sehool in the process of establishing -a . schoolyard -habitat project,--.. 05. Helping my neighbors. Create their own certified ;backyard habitats. Working with my neighborhood association to convert common areas to. wild life -friendly landscapes. 7;.7... Working with others to organize a Backyard Wildlife Habitat . l workshop or piarating. ` -0 8. Organized/organizing a tour o.local Backyard Wildlife Habitat sites and natural areas in my community. 0 9. Giving Backyard Wildlife Habitat, presentations in my community. 0 IO.Educating my elected offrcials'and-administrators about :protecting and restoring wildlife habitat: 11: Working with area gardencenters to make nafive ,plants and W information on backyard habitats available.: O 12*.Working with, my arden clubto`educate others aboutgardening for wildlife. Schoolyard Habitats° �. Helen'Keeling Elementary School, Tucson, Arizona - Schoolyard Wildlife Habitat Site #235 To create a place for.childre'n to learn the importance of habitat and a healthy environment for..people and -wildlife, a team of teachers, students, administrators, volunteers -and neighbors converted,an unused, grassy area at Helen Keeling Elementary, into a certified schoolyard:habitat. During " planning; the team learned the inter -connectedness the ' about .of physical and living aspects of habitat and began to build a community commitment to conservation. In planting young children practice important sharing"and helm skills' and in usin .and maintaining the habitat students hone helping, ,, g. g. math, mapping, spelling writing, science, and observational skills. The team at Helen Keeling Elementary learned that every stage of a scho.olyard .: habitatproject can"be fun and educational. Faith Habitats f • Community Lutheran Church, Sterling,. Virginia Backyard Wildlife Habitat Site.418,661 a Network The.:Community Lutheran Church s Hedgerow Habitat:Trail'is truly a community effort. Byengaging, entire• families, local scout troops, and others, and by securing in -kind donations and materials,. this faith-.- . . community has enhanced an'existing hedgerow with a series.of native The•Backyard. Wildlife Habitat program provides guidelines for plant communities and nesting structures to provide habitat for regional wildlife including butterflies, songbirds, owls, and. bats. The community creating' a safe haven for wildlife, in your own backyard. If you would like. celebrated its accomplishments and,commitment to habitatconservation ' to apply for certification of your backyard, schoolyard, workplace, or with a dedication ceremony in .1996. `To go beyond its borders, the Church community grounds, orJf you are going beyond your.backyard -and need partners with Park Morton Housing Community in Washington, D.C:, and.: . materials or assistance, please contact: the Urban. Family Institute. to help bring the joys of gardening for. wildlife' - and food to -families in the inner:city. • Backyard Wildlife Habitat Program Office National Wildlife Federation - Habitats asPlaces of Solace 8925 Leesburg Pike Ronald McDonald House, Cleveland, Ohio , Vienna, Virginia.22184-0001, Backyard Wildlife Habitat Site #20,000 Telephone: (703) 7904434 The Ronald. McDonald House'of Cleveland provides a "home away. • from -home" for families of children with serious illness, providing a -warm, Useful information and links to many helpful .organizations and ;. caring environment thatoffers a change from the often stressful resources may. be found• by visiting our Home Page on the World environment of the hospital Covering approzrmatelyone acre in, Wide Web:... downtown Cleveland the House's gardens were designed to be a place of solace and contemplation for these families as well as to provide habitat . wwW.nWf org/habitats for the city's birds, butterflies, and other wildlife! The project involves members of the Cleveland community through "Adopt a Site" and .Sponsor Help us build a network of Citizen Naturalists by letting us a Site" programs as well as "Project Days" and other volunteering opportunities. Planning and maintenance of the gardens is led by a know how you are going Beyond Your Backyard. Please complete committee of staff and numerous volunteers; including a backyard wildlifer, and return the form included in this guide, :. whose yard was certified,by.Natiional Wildlife Federation_ over 20: years ago! '10 . 3 Wildlife Habitats at the .Workplace NatureMapping Duke Power Company, Seneca, South Carolina Hands-on environmental science.and education program that Backyard Wildlife Habitat Site, #17,850 joins students,.educators,.general public, scientists, and natural. resource agencies'within each state in studying wildlife and.the Recognizing that their workplace included 300 acres of land, with" wetlands, meadows, and, many other natural areas; employees at Duke environment. Biodiversity data that is collected becomes,a Power's Oconee Station became involved in its. management to protect community resource. Established projects exist in several: states and enhance the existing wildlife.'habitats; Today, sixteen groups of including .Washington,, Oregon, :Virginia, Idaho, and Texas... employees and their families manage sections of company -owned land Annual conferences to train facilitators implementing that are horne"to such -wildlife as deer, ducks, geese, wild turkey, .three NatureMapping in other states are. planned; ,and educational - turtle species; and cranes. This completely voluntary initiative has resources are available. Contact: NafureMapping:University of generated high enthusiasm and awareness of the natural environment Washington, Washington Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research .among the employees. Based.on this and similar experiences at other Unit, Box 357980;.Seattle, WA 98195.` sites, Duke Power joined with the South Carolina -Wildlife Federation to start anew initiative called Wildlife And Industry Together.: (WAIT). Green Map System Through• WAIT,'iridustries along the l:nterstate-85 corridor, an area .under: increasing development pressure, are encouraged to. manage their A local/global collaboration to promote and iink.eco-resources: workplaces and other corporate lands for"the benefit of wildlife. With the within cities. The Internet -based project invites voluntary design Oconee habitat project serving as a model, Duke Power employees visit teams.to map their city s`green spaces and illuminate . with other interested businesses in the area, to provide assistance and connections. between nature.and the built environment. Contact: inspiration for beginning habitat projects ' .. Modern World Design, 157. Ludlow Street; 4th Floor, New York NY 10002; Community Wildlife Habitat Initiatives. "Sage and.Songbirds,'Alpine, California` North America Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAA, Certified Community Wildlife Habitat Site #1 Project.through :whichyoluntem monitor amphibian populations. Projects include frog call surveys and terrestrial salamander In 1994 National, Wildlife Federation certified. Maureen Austin's mountain herby monitoring. Contact:. NAAMP, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, . garden as a Backyard .Wildlife Habitat 12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel; MD 2.N08-4038. .. _ - site. Since then, Maureen formed the non-profit Center to,Help Instill ; ' 0 Save e Our Streams Respect.and Preservation (C H.I.R.P) ; : Mt n.' : ' �' J 9 A grassroots river conservation, program through which for Garden, Wildlife and inspired a °- ' volunteers are trained to monitor community -wide initiative to and "restore local waterways. make Alpine a haven for \} Projects exist in everystate. hummingbirds, butterflies, Contact: Izaak Walton . and songbirds. Alpine s - - League of America, 707 Community Wildlife. Habitat .project, .called , "Sage and Songbirds;" aims to promote Conservation Lane, a. .the creation of sage -based wildlife gardens Gaithersburg, MD 20878. l throughout the town and to assist individuals; businesses; and organizations in creating National Wildlife federation- certified habitats. The initiative is supported by the Alpine Community. -of Center, Alpine Chamber Commerce, Back Country Land,Trust, and. C.H.I.R.P. for -Garden Wildlife. The projects steering. committee holds 'meetings, regular implements a strategic plan, and publishes a regular .; column in the Alpine Sun Newspaper to inspire citizens to join the movement and to assist those who do:. • .4thof July - - '•' Butterfly, Count On -going program to.census the butterflies'of North \� America and to r 'f Gethn I, publish the results. Volunteer. ° participants select a Starte' count -area and • • •' conduct a one=day: census of bi tterflies Now that you've read about ways the Backyard Wildlife Habitat sighted. Counts concept can be applied'in community settings, here are some ideas for usually held ' ' getting started in your own area. National Wildlife Federation can help sometime around r ai put you in touch with other backyard wildlifers near you and :can assist ` July .4. Contact: you with printed and audio-visual resources. North.American- ; Butterfly Educate Yourself Association, Butterfly r r Count, 2533 McCart,. 0': Take classes or attend.workshops to expand your knowledge Fort Worth, TX 76110. and understanding of yourregion s wildlife, natural history, and ecology. Share information gained with friends and family. • _. 0 Monarch Watch .. Network program to promote. conservation of monarch butterflies and to involve thousands of students and adults in.a 0. Contact local nature centers, conservation groups; land trusts;. cooperative tagging study of the m,onarch's fall migration. parks, garden centers, and cooperative extension service .to get in Contact: Monarch Watch, University of ,Kansas, Dept. of touch with like-minded people and to get involved with on- ' Entomology, Lawrence, KS. 66045-2106, going wildlife;conservation issues and projects in your community.. • Journey North lnternet-based learning adventure that engages students in a.:. 0'. Put together a. list of "experW (ecologists, naturalists, global study of wildlife migration and seasonal change. Contact: ornithologists, etc,) inyour•community who are available to . Journey North, 1.8150 Breezy :Pcrint.Road, Wayzata; MN.55391. assist homeowners, schools; community groups; and businesses healthy a it .1 n establishing and maintaining h thy habitats for wildlife. 0 Keeping Track®, Inc: Research -ion project through which volunteers are trained • Initiate a NatureMappirig or other wildlife monitoring project in wildlife.track and`sign identification. Cumulative data is used to; (see pp. 7=9) with interested groups in your, community. ' aid local and regional planners in making informed decisions . about wildlife habitat rotection: Contact:.Kee in Track c o Susan P Keeping / • A roach businesses in..our area as ' ible supporters or PP Y P Carol Morse, Wolfrun; RFD #1 Box 2q3, Jericho, VT 05,465. partners for -habitat projects, and to introduce them to the idea of workplace habitats. . 8 j f Thy SCi rice of Cortservattoft m way to go Beyond ackyard to.participate Another Your B is in a formal data collecting project. Through such'projects, individuals and groups collect data in their backyards or communities and submit it for compilation an d•analysis. By participating in such projects, Citizen y . Naturalists play a" vital role in the science,of conservation. Listed below „ are several projects for your coiisrderation. For more, information, -write to the address given or visit wwv r;nwf org/habitats on the Volunteer World Wide Web for links to individual "project websites. • Adopt a local school or community center..ao teach children about wildlife :and ways everyone can. make a difference in the • Cornell Nest Box Network -Project FeederWatch, Backyard Wildlife Habitat program. " Classroom'FeederMtch, & Project PigeonWatch Series of projects that are open to participation by. individuals, 0 Guide a local school through the process of.establishing a groups, and'schools in any area. Information collected helps schoolyard habitat project.. ornithotbgists .understand the biology and changes in the - abundance and distribution of bird species. Contact:".Cornell Lab" r Help your ne ghbors..create certified backyard habitats.. Work of -Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850. with your"neighborhood association to convert common areas to wildlife -friendly landscapes.. • Migratory Bir Day (I-MBD) International d Celebrates the return of millions of migratory birds,to. their ` Educate Others breeding areas. Individuals, groups, and schools participate in IMBD by, organizing birding tours, conducting surveys, and. Become a NWF" Habitat Stewards Host and train mentors holding festivals and avorkshops, with the- purpose of educating in your community who provide bands -on assistance"fo and encouraging.others in -their community to join inahe others working on habitat projects. conservation of migratory birds and their habitats.. Contact:. IMBD, National Fish and Wildlife .Foundation, 1120 Connecticut • Work with a local garden.or'backyard bird -feeding store, nature. Ave., NW, Suite 900, Washington, D.C. 20056. center, zoo, garden cl:ub,.or other group to "organ.'ize.a• Backyard Wildlife Habitat workshop or planting. • National 4udubon Society ChristmasBird Count Annual hemispheric,early-winter bird census during'which • Qrganize a tour. of local Backyard. Habit&sites. and volunteers count -individual Bird and. bird species over one natural areas in your. community.' calendar day within a defined geographic area. Data -provides valuable insights into • Give.a Backyard Wildlife "Habitat presentation at•"your workplace, the long-term, hea lth. garden club, place of worship, neighborhood •association scout . , . of bird- populations 4-H, or.PTA.meeting, Focus on wildlife and habitats in your and the environment. 3 region._ Contact. National E Audubon Society, • Educate your elected officials and administrators about�ways to 700 Broadway; and. restore wildlife habitat in your community. -protecty �'• New York, NY 10003. • Work with local garden centers to offer native:plants and educate customers about their wildlife values.. Starting a habitat project at one's home or restoration of: wildlife -habitat. Habitat Stewards helping others find nearby sources of native plants; with a community of people at one's school, candidates participate in a National Wildlife giving short presentations to groups interested in NATIONA.L.wILDLIFE.FEDExATION.0 r`.. workplace, or otherloz3tioncanbe-adaunting. FederationHabitatStewardstraini series; which is learning .moreabout the Backyard Wildlife -Habitat challenge: As such, NWF created the Habitat entails approximately 24 hours of classtme over a program; talkingwith'parents or teachers.inter- �„ . Stewards program to connect trained volunteers with :others needi ..hel with habitat` ro'ects. .. p p J period of 3-6 weeks. You maybe an ideal -Habitat Stewards Y. ested in starting' Schoolyard Habitats projects; -as a mentor, to a newly .trained Habitat Stewards, _ y Habitat Stewards volunteers receive intensive candidate, if you have,..,.' volunteer: training to equip them.with the knowledge and ® good ".people" skills, good communication What 1S Habitat StewardSTM? . tools needed to help others develop wildlife . - p habitats m backyards, schoolyards; and on other skills, and self -motivation, ' Some people think nature is something you private and community grounds: Each Habitat an interest in gardening., wildlife andlor natural history, and viewfrom a car window or on television or, Stewards training series is coordinate&by a • strong desire to help children and adults ' a ..perhaps, visit on a school field trip or summer' Habitat Stewards;host — an individual or .a contribute to a.healthy; sustainable environ- _ - vacation. We, at the. National Wildlife.Federation, believe ifs.something that everyone.,should have in organizationworking.in official partnership with NW to administer the Habitat Stewards program.' p g inent beginning in their own backyards and : their own back and and community. often,up Y Y . .Habitat stewards volunteers make upa communities.' : building our homes and expanding our'communi- nationwide network that helps NWFcarry out•its In' return:for training, each Habitat Stewards ties has led to the destruction of natural habitat for mission to put the wild. back into the..lives of . volunteer must give a minimum of 50 volunteer songbirds, butterflies, wildlife' g , , . l ..people " ever here., We hope you will om us in YN' PY J 'hours in hel .. . ping.oth er one certified ens create eith that inhabit this:planet: This 7s why we -ask you to this great movement! habitat at a community location (e:g,; school, help us in our mission to educate people about business, place of worship) or three certified .: what they can do to restore wildlife'habitats in their s., habitats at.peoples homes. This work may . • - Wli�at �>Es a �Iab><ta communities` and to reserve existingwild spaces. 1 involve helping others to: Stewards H Host? Habitat Stewards s the volunteer training and • itientoring arm othe National Wildlife ` " .. � _ " .an • map arid inventory a potential habitat site; Af -Habitat Stewards host is a i dor - Federatioris Backyard Wildlife Habitat- program: i • research, select, grow and/or order plaints and research, seeds.,for habitat projects; . organization that works iri partnership with NWF Through the Backyard Wildlife Habitat program, - d ®; D ® design a habitat site; to,edminister the Habitat. Stewards training NWF assists individuals, families, and or aniza- d e , g, � ,� � �," a involve children in.activities in about the ;..program at the community level. Each.host :tions in discovering wildlife and connectingwith . _ \ ' �', habitat, '. facilitates the Habitat'Stewards.traming and acts nature through. creation of wildlife habitat, at .. g / a �. ,, . �. 1 s learn gardening skills and gain an apprecia- as the liaison between NWF and individual ; home, school, and places of work; worship; and ! ;. tion'for nature; Habitat,Stewards volunteers before, during, and recreatibn. Those who meet the basic.require= document a habitat through .a journal, after the training is completed:. -In order to be a ments"of: rovidin habitat -are rewarded with p g photographs; or sketches; and/ Habitat Stewards host, an individual•or or aniza- g national recognition through NWF s certification. �, complete the applicafion:for, certification with lion must apply for selection and'complete a process. Every certified habifatpmvides the four „ Who' Are Habitat -NWF. distance-learriing'process, that prepares hosts to basic elements that wildlife need' for survival! food, 4 recruit and select Habitat Stewards candidates, water,,cover, and laces to raise own , To date;: p. Y g Stewards Volunteers? Once;this 50-hour commitment is cot leted, . p plan and facilitate the training, follow-upwith P h NWF has recognized over 22,800 individuals, A Habitat Stewards volunteer is an individual : Habitat Stewards may be called upon by NWV to Habitat Stewards volunteers while. they are families and organizations through the national } g . , g who has a keeninterest in the environment and a rovide informal guidance to other individuals P $ coin letin their service hours, and report p. . g 1? . certification process. willingness to volunteer his or her time and' ; and organizations on an occasional basis: periodically to NWF on: -the progress being made expertise to assist others in the creation or Examples of this second.phase of service include: : by.the Habitat Stewards volunteers. �Irr e.� N. The National Arbor Day Foundation's * rj 1 a► 11d RECOGNITION PROGRAM in cooperation with the National Association of Home Builders Adding value to your development by saving trees during` construction ,a. .r, i � L ®The National Arbor Day Foundation° IUHB NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS 4V Svw - n W .. *. k When trees exist on land that is to be developed, it makes good sense, both economically and environmentally, tory, preserve these assets. Building with trees results in enhanced property values and a more pleasant place to live or work.` Now, through the Building With Trees Po program you can receive recognition' following planning and design, or following project completion, or both. km COVER PHOTO courtesy of Arbor Day Farm's Mark Boyce Lied Conference Center a) D Arbor Day Farm in Nebraska City, Nebraska, is the site of the Building With Trees National Conference. The timber bridge, which demonstrates the viability of wood for structural use, and the recently completed hard -surfaced Timber Bridge Trail were con- structed following Building With Trees concepts. They give Lied Conference Center's guests universal access to the rest of Arbor Day Farm. Over the bridge are the recently restored Historic Barns. Near the Barns is the Apple House, the center of activity at the Morton Orchard. Homemade apple cider is always available and the Apple House Gift Shop is the perfect place to find a souvenir of Arbor Day Farm. A variety of interpretive trails and demonstration areas will acquaint guests with the trees, wetlands, orchards, agroforestry projects, and stream that make up Arbor Day Farm. The Stewardship demonstrations continue at Lied Conference Center. The Fuelwood Energy Plant that heats and cools Lied Conference Center was designed to demonstrate the latest technology in wood -fired boilers and cooling without the use of freon. The lobby was constructed using donated timbers grown on private lands with forest stewardship management plans. Additional environmentally -conscious features of the center include: comprehensive recycling systems, wood windows with insulated glass, compact fluores- cent light fixtures, water -conserving plumbing fixtures, energy -efficient fireplaces, and lodging -room carpet made from recycled pop bottles. Lied Conference Center's recreational amenities include a fitness center, indoor swimming pool, whirlpool, and sauna. Also, adjacent to Arbor Day Farm is Arbor Lodge, the majestic home of J. Sterling Morton, the founder of Arbor Day. Surrounded by Arbor Lodge State Park, it is open to the public for tours. Lied Conference Center is available for use by all. To inquire about holding your meeting at the conference center, call 1-800-546-LIED (5433). 2 19 Building Greener Neighborhoods: Trees as Part of the Plan Published by the National Association of Home Builders, this book demonstrates how to use a site's existing tree resource to best advantage and how to incorporate tree conservation goals into project planning and construction in a cost-effective manner. In 117 pages, Building Greener Neighborhoods: ■ Describes the benefits of trees. ■ Examines the physiology of trees, with an emphasis on how development and construction activities affect them. ■ Discusses how to plan for trees in preparing to develop a site and introduces the natural resource expert to the development team. ■ Explains how to train, educate, and supervise members of the development and construction team to minimize construction impacts and to protect the team's efforts over the long term once homes are sold. ■ Highlights how to make the most of a job well done. NOTE: Reading Building Greener Neighborhoods meets one of the requirements to register your Building With Trees Pledge. Building Greener Neighborhoods is available at Building With Trees Workshops or from: Home Builder Press The National Association of Home Builders 1201 15th St., NW Washington, DC 20005 800-223-2665 $9.60 for NAHB members, $12.00 for non-members The Building With Trees National Conference Brought to you by The National Arbor Day Foundation in cooperation with the National Association of Home Builders, American Planning Association, American Public Works Associa- tion, and American Society of Landscape Architects, this annual conference at Arbor Day Farm's Lied Conference Center offers a national forum for discussion of the issues involved in and new research affecting tree protection during land development and construction. The conference provides opportunities for attendees to broaden their understanding of the processes and techniques necessary to conserve trees. This is a great opportunity to learn from a variety of experts. The conference showcases developments that were successful in saving existing tree resources and planting new trees Beginning in 1999, the Building With Trees Awards of Excellence will be presented annually at the conference as an integral part of the conference program. For more information on the next Building With Trees National Conference, contact: The National Arbor Day Foundation P.O. Box 81415 Lincoln NE 68501-1415 402/474-5655. Why Build With Trees? n addition to the aesthetic enjoyment and quality of life that mature trees bring to a building's environment, there are a number of other benefits of preserving existing trees and other natural resources on your property. Save Energy Costs Mature trees offer shade and protection from the elements, making it easier and less expensive to maintain constant temperatures throughout a building's interior spaces. Heating and air conditioning systems don't have to work as hard or as long to provide a comfortable living or working environment. In commercial structures as well as residential buildings, this can result in significant savings to the owner. A Perception of Quality Homes and offices set in an environment with mature trees are typically more appealing. And, a building set in a beautiful and mature natural environ- ment positively communicates about the organization and people who create such living and working places. Faster Sales and Lease -ups By providing a more pleasant, "finished" ambience, leaving mature trees in place in your development will help achieve faster and better sales and shorter lease -up time. In a recent National Association of Home Builders survey, builders reported that 43 percent of home buyers would pay up to $3000 more for wooded lots and 30 percent would pay up to $5000 more. A Bank America Mortgage survey of real estate agents showed that 84 percent believe a home with trees would be as much as 20 percent more saleable. Save Development Costs Conserving trees can provide savings on clearing, grading, and landscaping expenses. Protected trees can also minimize runoff and help developers comply with stormwater requirements without relying so heavily upon expensive retention facilities and sediment traps. Enhanced Employee or Homeowner Satisfaction Experience has shown that employee motivation is enhanced and stimulated when workers are able to enjoy their environment more fully. Homebuyer interest and homeowner satisfaction are increased when major landscape elements are already "in place" at the time of occupancy. 18 3 What Is the Building with Trees Recognition Program? The National Arbor Day Foundation, in cooperation with the National Association of Home Builders, presents the Building With Trees recognition program to recognize and award builders and developers who protect trees during building and land development. The Building With Trees program provides two opportunities for builders and developers to receive recognition for their efforts — one following the planning and design phase of a project, another following project completion. The Building With Trees Pledge Builders and developers can register their commitment to building with trees after completing the planning and design phase of a project in accordance with the Building With Trees checklist on pages 7 and 8. Your signed pledge will be incorporated in an award plaque that can hang in your sales center or model home next to a copy of your Tree Conservation Plan to let home buyers and the public know that you are committed to Building With Trees. You will receive marketing materials to help you promote your participation in the program and help prospective buyers or lessees learn more about the program's benefits. The Building With Trees Awards of Excellence Once construction is completed, you may enter your project in the annual Awards of Excellence competition (see page 13). Entries are reviewed by a jury of development indus- try and urban forestry professionals. Winners are announced at the annual convention of the National Association of Home Builders, and o awards are presented at the National Arbor s Day Foundation's annual Building With Trees National Conference. Publicity surrounding this award will further acknowledge your commitment to building with trees and the quality that has resulted from your efforts. Z 4 How to Learn More About Building With Trees Regional Building With Trees Workshops Comprehensive one -day workshops are presented by The National Arbor Day Foundation in cooperation with the National Association of Home Builders in locations across the country. ■ Train your on -site construction supervisor in techniques that protect trees. ■ Learn how implementing the Planning, Construction, and Maintenance Process can help you save trees, time, and money while increasing project success. ■ Learn how to identify a tree's critical root zone and how to use this data in site planning. ■ Understand how the "Team Approach" can increase your chances of success in building with trees. ■ Master the methods of tree protection that save you time and money and garner positive public relations, and enhance sales and homebuyer satisfaction. ■ Learn successful techniques for nurturing the trees you save, helping assure their beauty and environmental benefits. ■ Discover how trees enhance the value of residential, commercial, industrial, and retail property. ■ Hear how applying these techniques has benefited other developers in the areas of regulatory compliance, community relations, and new business development. NOTE: Attending the Building With Trees Workshop meets one of the requirements to register your Building With Trees Pledge with The National Arbor Day Foundation. For information on Building With Trees workshops in your area, contact: The National Arbor Day Foundation P.O. Box 81415 Lincoln, NE 68501-1415 402/474-5655. 17 Building With Awards of Excellence Tomes How to Register Entry Form your Building With Trees Pledge Project Name Developer/Builder Contact Person Address City State Zip Telephone Number To enter the Building With Trees Awards of Excellence competition, complete this entry form and send with requested documentation described on page 14 and entry fee of $150 (check made payable to National Arbor Day Foundation) to Building With Trees Awards of Excellence, National Arbor Day Foundation, 211 N. 12th Street, Lincoln, NE 68508. Entry must be postmarked by August 15. 1. 'free Expert on Development Team: Name Address Telephone Number It. Project Category (select. one) 0 Residential 0 1 to 25 lots to 26 to 100 lots 0 101 to 500 lots Q 501 or more lots O attached housing (townhouses and multifamily) • Nonresidential (commercial, retail, industrial, public) D Mixed -Use Ill. Project was previously registered in Building With Trees Pledge Program O yes 0 no Register a Building With Trees Pledge for your development project and announce to home buyers, the public, and community officials that you are a builder/developer who is committed to saving trees during construction and land development. _lpplicalion Procedures l Follow the Planning and Design Checklist on pages 7 and 8 during the planning and design phase of your project. 2: Include a tree expert on your development team before the site plan is developed. The expert must either be a certified arborist OR have a degree in f r t land r h'tect re o es ry, scape a c i u, or a related field. If not a certi- fied arborist, provide a minimum of two job references demonstrating field experience working around trees during construction. 3: Have the tree expert prepare a Tree Conservation Plan (or tree planting plan, for sites with no pre-existing trees) to help guide protection of trees during construction. Post a copy of the plan in the sales center or model home. 4: Complete Checklist Section 1: Planning and Design on pages 7 and 8. Complete and sign the pledge registration form on page 11. By signing the pledge, you are committing to follow the guidelines in Checklist Section 2: Tree Protection During Construction, and Section 3: Maintenance/Long- term Care of Trees on pages 9 and 10. The pledge registration form will be incorporated in your recognition plaque so please print or type. Both the developer and tree expert must sign the pledge registration form. 16 5 5: Submit the pledge registration materials (pages 7, 8, and 11) with a copy of the Tree Conservation Plan, the tree expert's credentials, and a check for $195 (made payable to The National Arbor Day Foundation) to: Building With Trees Pledge The National Arbor Day Foundation 211 N. 12th Street Lincoln, NE 68508 Notification Upon receiving your complete pledge registration application, the Foundation will send you a letter confirming your registration along with the Building With Trees marketing and promotional materials. The Foundation will also notify the National Association of Home Builders of your participation in the program. Benefits of Registering a Building With Trees Pledge ✓ A plaque, incorporating your pledge, to display in your sales office or model home. ✓ Brochures that you can distribute to prospective buyers, explaining the program and what your pledge means to them. ✓ "How to Care for the Trees on Your Property" brochures that you can distribute to buyers or lessees. ✓ A press kit to help you publicize your commitment in your community. ✓ Artwork to use in creating your own signs showing that you are Building With Trees. ✓ Hardhat stickers with the Building With Trees logo on them. ✓ A stamp to use on your project's marketing materials. ✓ Information on how to hold an Arbor Day event. ✓ A one-year membership in The National Arbor Day Foundation. ✓ A one-year Friends of Tree City USA membership including a subscription to the Tree City USA Bulletin. ✓ Discounted memberships in The National Arbor Day Foundation that can be offered to homebuyers or clients. ✓ Reduced prices on a pocket tree identification guide, What Tree is That? Questions? Contact: Awards Coordinator at the address above, or call 402/474-5655. Disclaimer All entrants acknowledge that the Building With Trees Pledge Registration and Awards of Excellence given by The National Arbor Day Foundation and the National Association of Home Builders are not an endorsement of the entrant or a guaranty or warranty of any of its homes, buildings, projects, products, or services. All entrants agree by their participation in this awards program to include the following statement in any sales or construction contracts with buyers of award -winning projects: `Purchasers (or lessees) agree that they are not relying on any understandings, representations, or endorsements, that are not contained in this contract." Judging Submissions will be reviewed by a jury of development industry and urban forestry professionals. Awards will not necessarily be made in every category. Special awards may also be given for tree planting efforts on sites with no preexisting trees (including sites previously farmed or timbered), restoration work, infill and redevelopment sites, innovative tree protection techniques, and other exemplary efforts at the judges' discretion. Announcement/Presentation of ,Awards Winners will be notified by October 31. Winners will be announced each year at the National Association of Home Builders Convention in January and awards presented at the annual Building With Trees Conference in March. The National Association of Home Builders and The National Arbor Day Foundation will publicize winning projects through press releases distributed through the media and in the publications of both organiza- tions. Questions? Contact: Awards Coordinator at the address on page 14, or call 402/474-5655. Disclaimer All entrants acknowledge that the Building With Trees Pledge Registration and Awards of Excellence given by The National Arbor Day Foundation and the National Association of Home Builders are not an endorsement of the entrant or a guaranty or warranty of any of its homes, buildings, projects, products, or ser- vices. All entrants agree, by their participation in this awards program, to include the following statement in any sales or construction contracts with buyers of award -winning projects: "Purchasers (or lessees) agree that they are not relying on any understandings, representations, or endorsements, that are not contained in this contract." 6 15 How to Enter the Awards of Excellence Eligibility Once construction is complete, your project is eligible to be entered. For large projects (subdivisions of 200 units or more), construction is considered complete if at least 75 percent of homes are built. A phase or neighborhood within a master -planned community may be entered for an award if that phase or neighborhood can be identified as a discrete section that functions as a community of its own. Award entry materials must only relate to that phase or neighborhood, not to plans or features in the larger community. Entry Procedures Complete the entry form on page 16 and submit it with all three completed sections of the Building With Trees checklist (pages 7, 8, 9, and 10), before and after photos of your project, a check for *150 made payable to The National Arbor Day Foundation, and documentation to support those items you completed on the checklist, such as: • brief narrative about your project • site plans • construction documents • tree care measures taken • testimonials from local or other officials • any local press coverage of your project If your project was registered in the Building With Trees Pledge program following the planning and design phase, you may omit section 1 of the checklist. Incomplete entries may be disqualified. Entry Deadline Completed entries must be postmarked no later than August 15. Send complete entry package to: Building With Trees Awards of Excellence National Arbor Day Foundation 211 N.12th Street Lincoln, NE 68508 The Building with Trees Checklist uccessful tree conservation requires careful project planning, supervision and construction practices. Following the Building With Trees Checklist will assure a design and planning phase that incorporates the elements necessary for success in the construction and maintenance phases of a development project. Sect i'011 1: Planning and Design Six required items and three or more of the remaining elective items must be incorporated in your project planning in order to qualify for the Building With Trees Pledge Registration Program. -1 A tree professional (tree expert) was included on our development team before the site plan was developed and before construction began. f 7 Check here if the tree expert is a certified arborist. If not, list the tree expert's educational degree , AND attach two job Z references demonstrating field experience working around trees during construction. If the tree expert is NOT also the on -site construction/site supervisor, = that supervisor EITHER O attended the one -day Building With Trees workshop OR �) read the National Association of Home Builders'Building Greener Neighborhoods —Trees as Part of the Plan. (See pages 17-18 of this brochure for information on the workshop and book.) O The project mission as it relates to tree conservation or planting was communicated to all team members in a preconstruction meeting. 7 The tree resource was inventoried before site planning and design began. 7 Inventory information was used to identify opportunities to incorporate trees in the concept for the finished development as follows (list options selected; all are not required): O Locating roads, buildings, and other built features to conserve the most valuable trees on the property wherever possible. O Protecting specimen trees. O Planting trees. O Transplanting trees on site. O Transplanting trees from off site. A qualified tree expert prepared a Tree Conservation Plan (or tree planting plan, for sites with no pre-existing trees) to help guide protection of trees during construction. (A copy of the plan must be submitted to The National Arbor Day Foundation to register your project, and a copy must be posted in the sales center or model home.) 14 • The developer and development team walked the site before planning and design began. Q The design takes advantage of energy savings for homebuyers that are created by existing or newly planted trees, or encourages builders in the development to do so by conserving or planting trees: O to the east or west of homes. O to shade and cool air conditioning units. O to the north for windbreaks. O other? Please explain. O The design uses water conserving landscaping or groups of plantings with similar water needs (xeriscaping). O Special approvals, waivers, or variances from local regulations were sought and obtained to conserve more trees, employing one or more of the following innovations or altered standards: O cluster development O reduced street widths or rights -of -way O minimized grading O cul-de-sacs with islands for existing or planted trees O altered utility installation techniques (such as tunneling versus trenching, common trenching, shared easements, placing sewer and water under streets) O other? Please specify. C3 The design minimizes cut and fill around protected trees. C3 The design calls for mitigating techniques (such as retaining walls, tree wells, or drainage/aeration systems) to help ensure tree survival where fill and excava- tion could not be avoided. Please specify methods. Q Grading and utilities were coordinated with the tree conservation plan. Q A construction staging plan was created (coordinating materials storage, subcontractors, and phases of development) to minimize damage to protected trees during construction. O We communicated with the public about what we are trying to accomplish in building with trees through our newsletter, newspaper advertising, or other means. O The plan includes recycling on -site wood wastes into birdhouses, protective mulch for use during construction or on walking trails on site, or other uses. O Other. Please tell us what you did The Building with Trees Awards of Excellence uilders and developers who value and protect existing trees deserve praise and commendation. They deserve to be recognized by the public and their peers for their commitment to working in concert with nature and protecting the environment. The Building With Trees Awards of Excellence will annually recognize the finest efforts exemplifying the Building With Trees concepts. Residential, commercial, retail, industrial, public and mixed -use projects of all sizes, are eligible to be considered for an Award of Excellence. Building With Trees concepts must have been employed throughout the planning, design, and construction phases of a project with the resulting completed project standing as an example of excellence. In addition to awards for overall projects, special awards may be given for areas of particular merit. 8 13 W Section 2: Tree Protection During Construction Three required items and at least one of the electives must be completed to qualify for entry in the Building With Trees Awards of Excellence competition. O Builders and subcontractors were educated/trained about tree protection goals and methods before construction began. ❑ Critical root zones in protected tree areas were marked by signage and/or flagging and fenced off from construction activity. 0 Tree expert was available during construction to: (check which are applicable to your project) O prepare trees for construction (pruning, root pruning, fertilizing, watering). O make decisions/changes when field conditions did not match construction documents. O help resolve unexpected problems as they arose. O review lots with builders on behalf of homebuyers who purchased lots. O monitor compliance with tree protection goals and methods. Q Construction wash -out areas, construction trailer areas, and storage areas were designated outside tree conservation areas. d Steps were taken to minimize compaction around protected trees. (check those that apply) O four to six inches of mulch placed around protected trees. O smaller, specialized equipment was used. O trenches near roots were hand dug. O other? Please specify. Q Coordinated with utility companies to help protect trees. 0 Used special contract clauses or penalties to ensure compliance by builders and subcontractors. 12 7 Section 3:Maintenancelong-term Care of Trees At least two electives must be completed to qualify for entry in the Building With Trees Awards of Excellence competition. 0 Coordinated the transition from our management of the tree resource to eventual management by homeowners or an association. 0 Trained our sales agents and realtors about the value of trees to homeowners. 0 Provided educational brochures or newsletters about trees to homeowners. 0 Involved the public by: O using a local nature group to help build bird houses. O using scouts or other youth groups to build a nature trail on site. O hosting elementary school tours of the development. O holding an Arbor Day celebration. O devising a creative marketing strategy. O other? Please tell us about it. Buildi>>g. With TireeS"! OCR PLEDGE This project has been planned and designed in accordance with the guidelines established by The National Arbor Day Foundation's Building With Trees Program, in cooperation with the National Association of Home Builders, to provide the natural beauty and benefits afforded by trees in the landscape, and to demonstrate our commitment to building with trees. NAME OF PROJECT Location (City/State) of Project We hereby state that the requirements of Section 1, Planning and Design, of the Building With Trees checklist have been met and that the submitted Tree Conservation Plan is accurate for this project and our plans. We also commit to following the guidelines in Section 2, Tree Protection During Construction, and Section 3, Maintenance/Long-term Care of Trees of the checklist. Developer/Builder Signature Tree Expert Signature Date Date Developer/Builder Name Tree Expert Name Address Address Phone # Phone # 10 11 • Don't collect plants from the wild • Buy nursery propagated plant material • Help prevent establishment of non-native species in natural communities FOR MORE INFORMATION ON NATIVE PLANTS Department of Conservation and Recreation Division of Natural Heritage 203 Governor Street Richmond, VA 23219 (804) 786-7951 http://www.state.va.us/-dcr/vaher.html For a list of nurseries that propagate native plants: Virginia Native Plant Society PO Box 844 Annandale, VA 22003 (540) 568-8679 vnpscott@shentel.net http://www.hort.vt.eduNNPS For a list of nurseries in a particular region of Virginia contact: The Virginia Nurseryman's Association' 383 Coal Hollow Road Christiansburg, VA 24062-0278 (540) 382-0943 vna@swva.net * List includes association members only. ABOUT THE PROJECT This project is the result of a collaboration between the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation and the Virginia Native Plant Society and was made possible by a grant from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Funds were also contributed by the Virginia Nurserymen's Association, the Virginia Chapter of the American Society of Landscape Architects and the Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden. In addition to those three organizations, the sponsors extend their considerable appreciation to the other collaborators who provided valuable advice and assistance throughout the life of the project: The Nature Conservancy —Virginia Chapter Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Horticulture Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Virginia Department of Forestry Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries Virginia Department of Transportation Project participants share a commitment to protect native plant habitats, especially those that support rare, threatened, or endangered species. The use of native plant species — especially plants propagated from local populations —in land management, conservation, restoration and horticultural pro- jects will help maintain the ecological integrity of natural areas and preserve native biodiversity. 171 Native Pfitnts for Conservttflon, r L `rl \ ,, Virginia Native Plant Society Department of Conservation & Recreation P.O.. Box eaa De P _ - Annandale, VA 22003 CONSERVING VIRGINIA'S NATURAL AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES OUR NATURAL HERITAGE Native wildflowers, shrubs and trees are natural heirlooms, handed down to us from a time before recorded history. Using native plants in even the smallest garden can create miniature landscapes possessing the charm and character unique to a region's natural history. With some simple changes, our tradi- tional lawns and gardens can expand to include these local heirlooms, providing us with beauty, solace and conversation, as well as contributing to the conservation of native species. Indeed, landscaping with native plants, whether in a private garden, on commercial property or in public parks, will help to preserve species. Natural habitats for some of our native plants are rapidly being lost. But there are other reasons for planting native wildflowers, grasses, ferns, shrubs and trees: They can match the finest cultivated plants in beauty and may surpass them in ruggedness and resistance to insects and diseases. WHAT ARE NATIVES? Native species are those that occur in the region in which they have evolved. Plants and animals evolve in specific habitats over extended periods of time in response to physical and biotic processes that are characteristic of that place: the cli- mate; the soils; the seasonal rainfall, drought and frost; and interactions with other species occupying those habitats. They thus possess certain traits that make them uniquely adapted to local conditions. In North America, plants are considered to be native if they occurred here prior to European settlement. This distinction is made because of the many changes in the flora that have occurred since the arrival of Europeans. Since then many more plants have been introduced to North America from dis- tant and exotic shores, both deliberately and accidentally. But alien species do not only come from distant countries. They may be introduced from a different region of the same country. For instance, a species native to the forests of the west coast of North America would be considered alien if found on the East Coast where it was not a constituent of the regional flora. NATIVES VS. ALIENS While many alien plants are beneficial and have little or no effect on the natural environment, a few invasive alien species pose serious threats to both natural communities and rare species. Due to a lack of natural controls like insect pests and competitors, some alien plants are able to escape our gar- dens, establish in a new area, then displace the native plant species growing there. What was a finely woven and diverse natural community may become a monoculture dominated by the invasive alien plant. Along with the displacement of native plant species from these natural habitats comes the loss of many flying, crawling and burrowing creatures that relied on these plants for food, cover and shelter. In contrast to invasive alien species, other non-native plants are unable to thrive without extra effort by gardeners. For instance, they may originate in regions with abundant rainfall and soils rich in nutrients. If then introduced to a drier region with less fertile soils, they may require additional watering and fertilizer. The natural defenses plants evolve in their original habitats may not protect them in a new environment, requiring Scientific Name Common Name Uses Light Moisture W'H C''D S€P -F L M H flho7o7e_n7r_m7 ca en u aceum flame azalea Rhododendronmaxfmum great rhododendron Rhododendronprfnophyllam rose azalea Rosa rarolina pasture rose Rubasalleghemensir Alleghany blackberry falixhumilis prairie willow falixsericea silky willow fambucarcaaadentir ` common elderberry fpiraeaalba narrow -leaved meadowsweet fpmaealatffolfa broad-leaved meadowsweet Yacciniumangurtifo/ium Northern lowbush blueberry • ' Yacanfumcorymbosam highbush blueberry + Yiburnum dentatom Southern arrow -wood viburn Yiburnumprunifolium= black -haw viburnum" Small trees Amelanchierarborea downy serviceberry Amelanchiercanadensfs Canada serviceberry Amelanchierlaeris smooth serviceberry Arfmina tiffoba paw paw • • , Cerascanadeasis redbud (Eastern) Ch/onanthms rfrgfnicor friggetree Comasalternilolia alternate -leaf dogwood Comas florida flowering dogwood Crataegurcrus-galli cockspur hawthorn Fuonymousatropurporeus wahoo Halesia tetraptera common silverbell Morusrubra red mulberry i OJtrya virginiana Eastern hop -hornbeam Prunus virginiana choke cherry Rhusgfahra smooth sumac Rhushirta (R typhina) staghorn sumac falfxnigra black willow Medium to Large Trees Acerrubrum red maple Acersaccharum sugar maple Aescolar flara (A: ectandra) " yellow buckeye Betula affeghanieasis yellow birch Betulafenta sweet birch, black birch Carya afba mockernut hickory Caryaglabra pignut hickory Carp orata shagbark hickory Oospyros rfrgfniana persimmon fagargrandilolia American beech - fraxfnusamerfcana white ash fraxinuspensylranica green ash 1118l317tpfgra black walnut Juniperus virginiana red cedar (Eastern) lfquidambarstyracillua sweetgum firiodendrontufipifera tulip -tree, tulip poplar Alf-sylvatfca black gum O,rydendrumarboreum sourwood Ptuusrtrobuu white pine Prunusserotfna wild black cherry Qoerms afba white oak Querouscoccinea scarlet oak t.7uercusfalcao Southern red oak -' Quercusificifolia bear oak Quercusmontana chestnut oak Quercusrubra Northern red oak Quercus relutina black oak Thgj ocadentalis white cedar "TifiaRPM ricana American basswood T uga canadensif Eastern hemlock Trpgacarolinfana Carolina hemlock - + May be aggressive in garden setting. * Due to the rarity and sensitivity of habitat in Virginia, these species are recommended for horticultural use only. Planting these species in natural areas could be detrimental to the survival of native populations. Scientific Name Common Name Uses Light Moisture W:H^CID S-P',F L,M,H Rene nrgimca fire pm " folydago flakrul? downy goldenrod • • " folidagorugorat rough -stemmed goldenrod °�Thalictrum dioicom early meadowrue harella cordifolia Yar Collins cl umping foamflower Tradescama virgtniana Virginia spiderwort Trifliumeredum wakerobin InIliumgrandiflorum white trillium Uvulariagrandiflora bellwort Yerhenahastata blue vervain • " Yernonianoveboracensis New York ironweed Yiola pedata bird's foot violet Yiolapubescem yellow violet i'uccafilamentosa common yucca • , E Ferns and fern allies Adiantumpedatum maidenhair fern khyrium,asplenioides Southern ladyfern Oryoptensweimedia evergreen wood -fern Dryoptensmargioalis marginal shield -fern • '' • " 0sm06cinnamomea cinnamon fern OsmundaregalV royalfern Polstichiumacrostichoidef [hristmasfern Grasses, sedges, and reed Agrosmrperennans autumn bentgrass' Andropogongerardii big bluestem Andropogonglomeratus-, bushy bluestem Andropogm virginicus broomsedge Calamagrostiscanadenrir bluejointreedgrass Carexcrrnita ✓ar, crinita long hair sedge Carexlurida sallow sedge farexpens#vanica Pennsylvania sedge l Carexp/antaginea plantain -leaved sedge Carexstricta tussock sedge Chasmanthrumlatifolium river oats °� Danthoniasericea silky oatgrass • . • ' Danthoniaspicata poverty oatgrass Dicbanthelium clandestrnum deer -tongue Dichantheliumcommutatmn variable panicgrass Dulichiumarundinaceum dwarf bamboo •'' flymushyrtiix(Hystiixpatula) bottlebrush grass flymus virgrnicus - Virginia wild rye` festucarubra red fescue Jancuseffusus soft rush • ' leersia oryzoides rice cutgrass panicum ✓irgarM switch grass r fchizachyiiumscoparium little bluestem Irirpurcyperinus woolgrassbulrush " Iorghastrumnutans Indian grass fpaganiumamencanum American bur -reed Tridem&vus redtop • " fripsacumdadyloides gama grass • - Vines Celastrusscandens climbing bittersweet lonicerasemporvirens' trumpet honeysuckle Parthenocissusquinquelolia Virginia creeper Shrubs Alnusserrulam common alder - Aroma me/anocarpa black chokeberry °Castaneapumila Allegheny chinkapin - • I Ceamthusdmeiicanus New Jersey tea Cephafanthusoccidentahs buttonbush Cnrnus amomum silky dogwood 6aultheri4procumbens wintergreen ` 6ay1ur1,?c14b3ccata black huckleberry llamame/is virginiam witch hazel f/exverticillata winterberry ga/m/alatifolia mountain laurel Pierls florihunda evergreen mtn. fetterbush the application of pesticides to aid their growth. The benefit of growing plants within the region in which they evolved is that they are more likely to thrive under the local conditions, requir- ing less attention, labor and expensive additives. BASICS ABOUT LANDSCAPING WITH NATIVES When landscaping with natives, match the plants to the cor- rect region, moisture and light conditions. Start with this brochure by studying the names of plants native to your region and the sunlight and moisture regimes they prefer. Refer to field guides and books of natural history to learn which plants fit within your planting scheme and provide specific benefits to the wildlife in your area. Plan to texture your landscape with a combination of flowers, shrubs and trees that would occur together naturally. Visit a natural area in your region and observe common plant associations, spatial groupings and habitat conditions. But whether you start small or go all out, always purchase your native plants and seeds from a rep- utable source that propagates its plants, preferably from local sources. NATIVES FOR WILDLIFE Plants and animals evolve together to create unique natural communities, weaving a complex web of interrelationships. Flowers often bloom and fruits ripen in synchrony with the needs of the animals that pollinate the flowers and disperse the seeds. A butterfly feeds on the nectar of a certain flower and in turn pollinates the plant. To reap the greatest benefit, the flower must bloom and the butterfly emerge simultane- ously. Later the flower goes to seed just as songbirds are fat- tening up for the autumn migration. Gorging zestfully, the birds scatter much of what they fail to eat, thus helping disperse the plant's seed. But alien plant species rarely keep time according to the internal clocks of our native wildlife, nor conform in shape and size as neatly as native plants. Their flowers may bloom too early or late, their fruits grow too large for resident birds to carry, their petals too long for a local nectar feeder to probe, their smell and texture unrecognizable to a butterfly in search of a host plant on which to lay her eggs. The greater the variety of plants, the more likely uncommon species will be attracted to your yard. Certain butterflies will only hatch and feed on one type of host plant. When you plant a variety of host and nectar plants, you may see the entire life cycle of several species of butterflies. And keep in mind but- terflies and hummingbirds prefer different flowers. Songbirds, too, will visit wildflowers during the spring and summer nest- ing season to feed on insects, and spiders and carry them back to their young. Later they will visit for the dried seeds to fuel them for long journeys to southern wintering grounds. Trees for nesting, shrubs for shelter and water for bathing will further enhance a backyard wildlife preserve MOUNTAINS = Mountian Provinces Virginia is divided into several physiographic provinces based on their geologic history. Each province is unique in topogra- phy, soil pH, soil depth, elevation, availability of light and hydrology. These characteristics all combine to influence the species of plants and animals found there. Virginia is unique, encompassing parts of five of these provinces and thus a greater variety of natural landscapes than any other eastern state. The Mountain region of Virginia actually includes parts of three provinces; the Blue Ridge, the Ridge and Valley and the Appalachian Plateau Physiographic Provinces. The Blue Ridge encompasses the Blue Ridge Mountains, a wedge of ancient rock that was uplifted over younger rocks when the Appalachian Mountains were formed. A narrow system of peaks in the north, the Blue Ridge widens south of Roanoke Gap into a broad plateau topped by the highest peaks in Virginia — Mounts Rogers and Whitetop. The Ridge and Valley Province is characterized by long, even -crested, paral- lel ridges rising above intervening valleys of various size. The Valley of Virginia is included in this province, encompassing the large Shenandoah Valley, as well as the James, Roanoke, New River and the Clinch, Powell and Holston River valleys. The ridges of the Appalachian Plateau in far southwestern Virginia were not as folded and faulted as those of the Ridge and Valley, but formed from a high, unified plateau of nearly horizontal rock layers. The modern mountainous topography was created by streams cutting deeply through the plateau, forming an intricate network of narrow, steep valleys. The diversity in topography and geologic history of the Mountain region of Virginia gives rise to a rich array of natural commu- nities and native species. Recommended Uses W= Wildlife H= Horticulture and Landscaping C= Conservation and Restoration D= Domestic livestock forage Native Regions C= Coastal Plain P= Piedmont M= Mountains Minimum Light Requirments S= Shade P= Partial sun F= Full sun Moisture Requirments L= Low moisture M= Moderate moisture H= High moisture Scientific Name Common Name Uses Ligivt Moisture W H CsD S: PF LJM=H Herbaceous pan s ACOMS amerltamtr sweet flag Aquilegiacanadeosj} wild columbine Ariraemawphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit *0CUr dioic!/r goatsbeard Araiumcanadenre+ wild, ginger Ardepiasincarnam swamp milkweed *clepiastuherosa butterfly weed -- Arterdirancatur white wood aster Asternoyae-artgliae New England aster Arterpdosur white heath aster Arterombellatur flat -top white aster RaptIslatinctoria yellow wild -indigo Calthapalorens marsh marigold Cheloaeglabra white turtlehead Chryrogonom virginianum green and gold Chrytoprirmariam Maryland golden aster Cimiafugaracemora black snakeroot ` convallaria majurcu/a American lily -of -the -valley Coreopsit velvallam threadleaf coreopsis Delphinium tricorne dwarf larkspur Dicentra eximia wild bleeding heart _ Podecatheoomeadia shooting star fupatorfumcoelestinum mistflower fupatorium lirtalosum Joe Pye weed 6eraniummacnlatum wild geranium l Nelianthusderapetalas ten -petaled sunflower Helianthurdivancatur woodland sunflower , Ilelioprirhelianthoides oxeye sunflower llepaticaacutiloba sharp -lobed hepatica llibircurmorcheutos Eastern rosemallow Iriscrirtata" dwarf crested iris - Lespedeza capitata round -head bush clover Liatrirrpicata" ' spiked blazing star Ltliumnmadense Canada lily Liliumphiladelphicum wood lily Lilium superhum Turk's cap lily Lobelia cardinalis cardinal flower Lobelia riphilitica great blue lobelia Macanthemumracemosa false Solomon'sseal Mertenria virghuca Virginia bluebells Mimulaaringenr monkeyflower Monarda didyma bee balm Monardalinulora wild bergamot - Nymphaea odorata American water lily 0enotheralruticora sundrops OPuntiahumifara Eastern prickly -pear Phlox di raricata woodland phlox Phloxrtolonifera creeping phlox Phloxsuhulata moss phlox • ' Phyrortegia virginiana obedient plant Pvdophyllumpeltamm+ mayapple Polygonatumbillorum Solomon's seal Porteranthurtriloliatur bowman'sroot Pyrnanthemumincanum hoary mountain mint Pycnanthemum tenuifoliam narrow -leaved mtn. mint Rudbeckia hirta black eyed Susan Rudbeckia launiata cut -leaved coneflower Rudbeckia triloba three -lobed coneflower lagittarialatiloha broadleaf arrowhead Janguinaria canadenrir bloodroot Iaxifraga rirginienris early saxifrage fedumternatum wild stonecrop F • Do not collect plants from the wild • Buy nursery propagated plant material • Help prevent established of non-native species in natural communities. FOR MORE INFORMATION ON NATIVE PLANTS: Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation Natural Heritage Program 217 Governor Street Richmond, VA 23219 (804) 786-7951 http://www.state.va.us/-dcr/vaher.html For a list of nurseries that propagate native plants: Virginia Native Plant Society PO Box 844 Annandale, VA 22003 (540) 568-8679 vnpscott@shentel.net http://www.hort.vt.eduNNPS For a list of nurseries in a particular region of Virginia contact: The Virginia Nurseryman's Association* 383 Coal Hollow Road Christiansburg, VA 24062-0278 (540) 382-0943 vna@swva.net * List includes association members only. PNp ATMOSp6xJ�, Stewardshipn*lrl � �•- z � D Z 2 (FOREST) OFAq?THEM OF co Virginia Native Plant Society --- = -_—_= P.O. Box 844, Annandale, VA 22030 :'DCR Department of Conservation & Recreation CONSERVING VIRUNINS NATURAL AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES This project was funded in part by the Virginia Coastal Program at the Department of Environmental Quality through Grant #NA670ZO360-01 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resources Management, under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. � e.� —I.- Plf-9 Our Natural Heritage Native plant species and natural communities provide many important values to human society. Erosion and flood control, animal habitat and nitrogen fixation are but a few of these values. On another level, native plants and the communities they form help create the unique character of a region. Cypress trees and magnolias evoke the South, just as Douglas -fir and redwoods call to mind the Pacific Northwest. By including native plant species in our land management and our gardens, we can contribute to the conservation of native species and ecosys- tems. We also preserve the charm and character that makes Virginia like no other place. DCR's Natural Heritage Program works to identify, protect and restore Virginia's rare plant and animal species and natural communities. Natural Heritage scientists collect and manage information on the location, life history and ecology of Virginia's 1,650 rare plant and animal species and natural communities. This is part of our effort to carry out a continual inventory and assessment of Virginia's natural heritage. The state's Natural Area Preserve System now includes 23 preserves and protects more than 12,500 acres. Natural Heritage stewardship biologists provide ecological management on DCR preserves, other public lands and private lands to conserve and enhance natural heritage resources. What are native plants? Native species are those that occur in the region in which they have evolved. Plants and animals evolve in specific habitats over extended periods of time. This selective develop- ment is a response to physical and biotic processes character- istic of that region: climate; soils; seasonal rainfall, drought and frost; and interactions with other species occupying those habitats. Native plants therefore possess certain traits that make them uniquely adapted to local conditions. In North America, plants are considered native if they were present here before European settlement. This distinction is made because of the many changes to the flora that have occurred since the arrival of Europeans. Since then, many non- native plants have been introduced to North America, mostly from Europe and Asia — both deliberately and accidentally. Such plants are termed "aliens" Alien species do not only come from distant countries. They may also be introduced from a different region of the same country. For instance, a species native to the West Coast of North America would be considered alien if it became estab- lished on the East Coast where it had not previously been a constituent of the regional flora. NATIVES VS. ALIENS While many alien plants are beneficial and do not adversely affect the natural environment, many invasive alien species that pose a serious threat to both natural communities and rare species. Because of a lack of natural controls such as insect pests and competitors, some alien plants escape cultivation, establish in a new area and displace the native plant species. Where there was a finely woven and diverse natural community may become a monoculture dominated by the invasive alien plant. Along with the displacement of native plant species from Sciermc Name Common Name uses RegionRegionj Light Moistur W H CID M'P C S P F L M H Medium & Lage Trees DiarpM"'W persimmon •'� agoidambar.rtyracifloa+ sweetgum �'jxraryrrrha blackgun •' •' Pinotlerotina+ pond pine Pnmtaprnntrhanut pincherry,fire cherry ; •, I Pronotrerotina+ wild black cherry Qumrastarrireea i scarlet oak •' • i ; 3 awrutfalata Southern red oak • • • ' • ` Querrufi/rci/o/ta bearoak'; • • •' • • • i Qarrrormonbna chestnut oak Qrxtrotsrdhu post oak i Qoercar wlntina black oak • i • Rokinapa*a=a black locust •'4 • '• fzwfraralbidum sassafras • I + May be aggressive in garden setting. Scientific Name Common Name Uses Region Light Moistur W HiGiD M PIC S'P F L!MjH Mapedara bird's foot violet • i `; • i Yuttafllamedtosa common yucca ? • (• lephrmthesatamasco Atamasco lily • ` i Ferns IE Ona/easensthilts+ sensitive fern Osmundachmamomea cinnamon fern • • • i • I Wxdwardia wrpxca+ Virginia chain fern i • ( • Grasses, sedges, rushes i € I Agrostisperennans autumn bentgrass • i • 1 AMmpogongrrardit big bluestem • ' • • i • • i Andropogonglomeiatus bushy bluestem i • ' Andropogoo-rirginicus broomsedge • ' • i ' i' Arondmanagigantea wild cane, river cane Calamalmstutanadenris bluejointreedgrass Carexcrmda rar. Mfllta long hair sedge Csrexlunda sallow sedge i • • (• • ' Carexsmrta tussock sedge • ` 3. Oanthoma rairea silky oatgrass • '' � • ' I • (• • ` • ', Danthonia spxva poverty oatgrass • j • • j • 1 • • i Dithantheltumtlandestimum deer -tongue • ° • i i Palichiarnarundinaceum dwarf bamboo • ` i flrmushrttrix bottlebrush grass • ' • ' • ° ' • • I • • ' festucarubra red fescue Juncuscaludexis Canada rush " 4 • ' • I Junruref/urui soft rush i l I • 1 • i Leersia oryzotdes rice cutgrass i Panicum nrgatum switch grass taccharumgigaflteum giant plumegrass • ' E Ichizachyriumscoparium little bluestem i Icirpasryperinus woolgrass bulrush • l j • ' Iorghastrumnutan! Indian grass Tridensflarus redtop Tiipsacum dactrloides gams grass • _ i lizaniaagwtita wild rice i Shrubs j Amnia arbutifolta Aroniamr/anonnrpa red chokeberry blaikchokeberry • : • = • ' Raccharishalimifolm high tide bush Ceanothasamendnus New Jersey tea • _ • qq Cornusamomum silky dogwood • i • i • > • ' Myrica cerifem _ Southern wax myrtle • ; • • i lfrne2heterophvlla Southern bayberry .• •E M,ricapennryframica Northern bayberry • : I _ • • j Rhododendroncatawhiense Catawba rhododendron • ` Rhadbdendron ptinophyllum rose azalea • ` • ' • ` Rhododendron rismsum swamp azalea • Wxalleghemensis Alleghany blackberry • i • i l• • i Mixhumilis prairie willow talixsericea silky willow • I Iambucuscanadensis common elderberry Ipiraeaalba narrow-lvd meadowsweet • i Ipiraealamalia broad-leaved meadowsweet Small trees dmelanchierarborea downy serviceberry • i ( Amelanchieranadensts Canada serviceberry • Certirtanadenris redbud (Eastern) i i I i • • i ChionanthasrMlInicus fringetree Ahusg/abra smooth sumac ' fi • _' i Rhushirta sta horn sumac these natural habitats comes the loss of many flying, crawling and burrowing creatures that relied on the original diversity of plants for food, cover and shelter. In contrast to invasive alien species, some non-native plants are unable to thrive without extra effort by gardeners. Such plants may have originated in regions with abundant rainfall and soils rich in nutrients. When introduced into a drier region with less fertile soil, they require additional water and fertilizer. Natural defenses plants evolve in their original habitats may not protect them in a new environment, where the application of pesticides may be required to aid their growth. Native plants, on the other hand, are more likely to thrive under the local conditions and require less attention, labor and expensive additives. Native Plants and Wildlife Plants and animals evolve together to create unique natural communities, weaving a complex web of interrelationships. Flowers often bloom and fruits ripen in synchrony with the needs of the animals that pollinate the flowers and disperse the seeds. A butterfly feeds on the nectar of a certain flower and in turn pollinates the plant. To reap the greatest benefit, the flower must bloom and the butterflies emerge simultaneously. Later, the flower goes to seed just when songbirds are fattening for the autumn migration. Gorging themselves zestfully, the birds scatter much of what they fail to digest, thus helping disperse the plant's seed. Alien plant species rarely keep time according to the internal clocks of our native wildlife, nor conform to shape and size as neatly as native plants. Their flowers may bloom too early or late, their fruits grow too large for resident birds to carry, their petals too long for a local nectar feeder to probe, their smell and texture unrecognizable to a butterfly in search of a host plant on which to lay her eggs. Grasslands in Virginia Grasslands, natural communities dominated by grass species, are of wide-ranging character and distribution in Virginia. From barrier island dunes to mountain balds, grasslands occupy unusual places in our landscape. Some of these places are unique because of harsh or extreme environmental conditions. Examples include tidally influenced salt waters behind the barrier islands where extensive saltmarsh and saltmeadow cordgrass communities thrive; dry, sunbaked southwestern slopes of mountains; and diabase glades, which have very shallow soils. These conditions thwart woody species and allow sun -loving grasses and herbs to flourish. Grasslands also arise where disturbance, such as drought, flood or fire, has removed woody overstory species. These types of disturbance -dependant grasslands are sometimes called successional grasslands and are inevitably replaced by shrubs and trees unless maintained by a regular cycle of disturbance. This brochure focuses on successional grasslands. Succes- sional grasslands and closely related savannas were once much more common in Virginia. Savannas are open -canopy woodlands with a grass -dominated herb layer. Natural grass- lands and savannas were maintained by lightning -set fires and human -set fires. Native Americans used fire routinely to clear land for agriculture and to enhance habitat for game. Fires were also used to drive deer toward waiting hunters. Early European settlers adopted the practice of clearing land with fire. In the last 100 years, fire suppression became policy and practice. Technical and organizational advances increased the success of suppression efforts. During the 20th century, fire dependant natural communities such as grasslands, savannas, seepage bogs, pocosins and longleaf pine forests have all decreased dramatically. Many rare plant and animal species are associated with these communities. Michaux's sumac is a federally endangered shrub found only in fire maintained savannas. Henslow's sparrow, listed as state threatened in Virginia, depends on grassland and savanna habitat for survival. Today, the best occurrences of successional grasslands and savannas in Virginia are found in and around the artillery impact areas on three military bases: Quantico, Fort A.P. Hill and Fort Pickett. The regular fires ignited by artillery maintain the grasslands and savannas. Grasslands and bogs become established in another human -created niche — power -line rights - of -way. Mowing and herbiciding by power companies to control woody plants favor the sun -loving grasses and bog species. Many rare species and several rare plant communities are found in power -line rights -of -way. Grassland Plant Species The six plant species that dominate most of our upland succes- sional grasslands are sod -forming species called warm -season grasses. Big bluestem, little bluestem, bushy bluestem, broomsedge, Indian grass and switchgrass all have their growing season in the summer months. Many alien grass species introduced to the New World for livestock, such as tall fescue, are cool -season grasses. The warm -season species were also the dominant grasses in the prairies of the Midwest and Great Plains. The drier climate of those regions favors grasslands, whereas the moist climate of the East favors the development of forests. Along with the grasses, many wildflower species are part of the grassland community. Among these are various species in the aster, pea and rose families. Common are black-eyed Susan, evening primrose and butterfly weed. Rare plant species found in and adjacent to grasslands include prairie white -fringed orchid, sun -facing coneflower and running glade clover. In wet areas such as seepages, pond edges and stream banks, hydric species take over from upland species. Hydric species are better adapted to higher levels of soil moisture than are upland species. Sedges and rushes are often more preva- lent than grasses. Soft rush, tussock sedge, gama grass, cattail, blue flag and swamp milkweed are but a few species that may be found in wet areas that receive full sun. For more information on wetland species, see the DCR brochure Native Plants for Conservation, Restoration and Landscaping — Riparian Forest Buffers. Recommended Uses W= wildlife H= horticulture C= conservation D= domestic livestock forage Native Regions C= Coastal Plain P= Piedmont M= Mountains and Valley Minimum Light Requirements S= shade P= partial sun F= full sun Moisure Requirements L= low M= medium H= high Scientific Name ommon ame Uses Region Ught Moisture WIHIC 10 M''p C S P 'F LIMi`H' Forbs Acorpramericanus sweet flag •' I • • i + r , Antennarianeglecta field pussytoes I • i Asdepiasincarnata swamp milkweed •' • ( ' " Asclepiasrynaca+ common milkweed • ' kclepasWerosa butterfly weed' •, •'I' •' Asterlaerir smooth blue aster • E E Anermrae-mgl/ae New England aster (• • i ( Arteroori-belgw Arterpilorur New York aster white heath aster, • ' • • " • Asterumbe//atar flat -top white aster • i Baptisiatroctaria yellow wild -indigo • ? • # l•• • ' ' Calthapa/urtrir marsh marigold • •? Chamaemst2W60131a+ partridge pea_ I • [ • ( • ChWogonam rirg/nianum green and gold • I ChTopsismanana Maryland golden aster '• • i •'I F Clitoris Mariana Coreooprvtnpterir Maryland butterfly pea tall coreopsis-• • , Coreop a renxllara threadleaf coreopsis ¢ Desmodrum paaiculatum narrow -leaf tick trefoil • i • I • ; • • G I fupatotiumcoe/estmum mistflower • : • • + • •' j fupatonum Istulosum Joe Pye weed • ? • j fupatonumperfoliatum common boneset •'•' NeleniamaaraMia/e sneezeweed • ('• i • • " He//anthurangustifo/ius narrow -leaf sunflower • ` llelianthusdiraricams woodland sunflower Heliopsishelianthoides oxeye sunflower • • 3 Jnrpnrmatica slender blueflag _ • ' ' • • l i /nr rirginica Virginia blue flag Xostekakya rirginica seashore mallow • i l • I i' Lerpedeza capitals round -head bush clover • _ • I • • I liatrirgramimfo/ia grass -leaf blazing star • ? ' i • ' liatnrrpicata spiked blazing star Liatrilrquaf= - plains blazing star • • Lilimncamdense Canadalily ( • Miami phi/adelpbicum wood lily • ' ! € i • • � Liliumruperhum Turks cap lily ; • € • • j Lohelia cardinalu cardinal flower • # i • • i Lobe/ianphibbca great blue lobelia lupv'nusperennis lupine, sundial lupine {l•( ' • s • ? • • ' Mimulurringens monkeyflower • f • i • ? 1 • = Monarda didlma bee balm • f • ` i •' I • I i' Nonarda ffstu/nra wild bergamot • • [ • • j • • • i Oewthemfrotirora sundrops • ? • • (• I Opuntahumifura Eastern prickly -pear Penstemon/aerigatur smooth'beardtongue • i '' • , (• •" Ahyrosteg/a rirginiana obedient plant _ pwwothemomincanam hoary mountain mint • I iycnanthemum tenuifolium narrow-Ivd mountain mint • , • i Rhma rirginica Virginia meadow -beauty •' • I • i Radbeckvfulgida early coneflower • i Rudbeckro hitta black eyed Susan • _ • E Budbeckialaciniata cut -leaved coneflower AudhKila tnloba three -lobed coneflower •' I • ; Iagittarvlatifelm broadleaf arrowhead • j • , • `; • 1 !a/ra7rt2tl+ lyre -leaf sage , I • 1 faurumscernuuf lizards tad •t � t fmKioaurcus+ golden ragwort • I •' • i femamardandica Maryland wild senna • • • ; • • j fi/phium perfoliatum cup plant , # • 1, Jolidago caesia bluestem goldenrod • f • ' • • i folidagoragosa+ rough -stemmed goldenrod' '; • • E • I fohdagosempervirent seaside goldenrod • 1 • { Tadercanha vilinia,72 Virginia s iderwort • " • i • • I • , Backyard Wildlife Habitat' NATIONAL Bulk Resources Price List and Order Form WILDLIFE FEDERATION - This form is for ordering bulk resources for educational workshops, meetings, and events only. Please complete this form and mail at least three weeks in advance of the date needed. These items are priced just to cover printing and shipping. No further discounts are available. Name and Address where materials should be sent: Phone: E-Mail: Resource name/description Price per copy # of copies Cost (price XX quantity) 4-page program flier (orange & green) introducing Backyard Wildlife Habitat, Schoolyard Habitats, and Wildlife Habitats at the Workplace. free --- "Gardening for Wildlife" 4-page introduction to Backyard Wildlife Habitat (4-color). $0.75 Backyard Wildlife Habitat Application for Certification free --- Your Special Place Backyard Wildlife Habitat Planning Guide $1.00 $ Schoolyard Habitats Planning Guide $3.00 $ Schoolyard Habitats Application for Certification free ---- Schoolyard Habitats Checklist free ---- Schoolyard Habitats A Place to Plant, A Place to Learn Poster $2.50 $ Wildlife Habitats at the Workplace Guide (with application) $2.50 $ Beyond Your Backyard guide $1.00 $ Community Wildlife Habitat Starter Pack $3.00 $ HABITATS Newsletter - large orders must be placed early <25 free, 25+ $0.50 $ Butterfly Information Sheet $0.25 $ Native Plant Overview Sheet $0.20 $ Lawn Reduction Information Sheet $0.20 $ Backyard Wildlife Habitat program video (19 min.) $10.00 $ ORDER TOTAL I $ Prices include shipping. Please enclose a check payable to the National Wildlife Federation, and mail to National Wildlife Federation, Backyard Wildlife Habitat Program, 8925 Leesburg Pike, Vienna, VA 22184-0001. Thank for your order. Questions? Please call (703) 790-4434. To place orders for the complete Backyard Wildlife Habitat Information Packets ($12.95), Schoolyard Habitats Information Packets ($14.95), or Wildlife Habitats at the Workplace Packets ($14.95), please call (410) 516-6583. Discounts are available for large orders of these packets. s NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION, Lawn Reduction... Cut Your Lawn in Half! BACKYARD WILDLIFE HABITAT. NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION® For over a century now, traditional American landscaping has focused on maintaining a perfectly manicured green lawn. Native trees, shrub masses, ground covers, prairie or meadow patches, flower beds, and attractively mulched areas are better environmental choices, for people and for wildlife. Did you know that... ...approximately 20 million U.S. acres are planted as residential lawn; ...a lawnmower pollutes as much in one hour as a car does driving for 350 miles; ...30-60% of the potable municipal water in the U.S. is used for maintaining lawns; ...67 million pounds of synthetic pesticides are used on U.S. lawns annually; and ...these lawn monocultures offer little habitat value for wildlife? Five good reasons to reduce your lawn: 1. Save time and money that you would normally spend on mowing and fertilizing (especially if you use a lawn service). 2. Increase your home's energy efficiency. 3. Attract and provide for wildlife visitors. 4. Conserve water. 5. Reduce mower pollution and decrease run-off from fertilizers and pesticides. If you are fed up with lawn maintenance, here are some alternatives to consider: • Native species as ground cover instead of grass • Native trees and/or shrub masses • Water garden or pond • Rock garden • Mulched path • Annual or perennial bed • Meadow or prairie patch • Hedgerow • Organic vegetable gard-n • Butterfly or hummingbird garden Before taking action... Make a plan of how you want your yard to look. Check with your local municipality or neighborhood/homeowners association for regulations. Work in phases and start small. Once you have decided on a small area to convert, follow these simple steps: 1. Cover turf grass with 6-10 layers of newspaper (black & white only) or brown cardboard. Make sure the sections overlap one another so that grass and weeds will not come up between the cracks. Wet down the newspaper or cardboard. 2. Cover the newspaper or cardboard with a thick layer of mulch or dirt (4-6 inches). 3. Plant directly through the mulch and newspaper/cardboard. Waiting a few weeks during a rainy period can help soften the material, making it easier to plant through. If you know you're going to be planting trees or shrubs, dig the holes before putting down the layers of newspaper/cardboard and then layer the newspaper/cardboard around the holes. Other things to consider: • Determine what is thriving on your site now. Encourage native plants already present and replace exotic invasive species with native species. • Mulch can reduce weeds and prevent erosion. Organic mulches improve the soil with nutrients and increase water holding capacity. • Borders of rock or wood can bring a sense of order to a "wild garden" in an urban or suburban neighborhood. This may make your naturalistic landscape more acceptable to neighbors. • Don't forget to make a place for people as well. A bench or path will accommodate this nicely and add to your enjoyment. In the mean time... • Set a goal of reducing your lawn size. • Use a mulching mower to avoid collecting and disposing of clippings. • If you must water your lawn, do so early in the morning, deeper and less often. • Allow different species to grow with your lawn. Enjoy the diversity. • Allow your lawn to go dormant in the heat of the summer. • Use a grass variety that requires little pesticides, water, and fertilizer in your area. • Contact your county extension service about environmentally responsible lawn practices for your region. • Use a short native grass or a grass that matures at a lower height to reduce the need for mowing. Buffalo grass is one example that grows well in the southwest and plain states. • If the size of your lawn permits, use the modem version of the "old fashioned" style push mower to help reduce pollution. Helpful Organizations National Wildlife Federation® (www.nwf.org): NWF's Backyard Wildlife Habitat program educates and inspires people to enhance and maintain their landscapes with the needs of wildlife in mind. People who restore habitat to their yards and improve their local environment by reducing the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and water, are recognized through a certification process. Smaller American Lawns Today (camel2.conncoil.edu/ccrec/ green net/arbo/salt.html): S.A.L.T. is a campaign originating at Connecticut College that aims to reverse the modern obsession with the lawn by restoring home and industrial grounds to more harmonious productive ecologically sound naturalistic landscapes. Wild Ones — Natural Landscapers, Ltd. (www.for-wild.org): Wild Ones is a grassroots organization that educates and shares information about landscaping using native species in developing plant communities. Suqqested Readinq Daniels, Stevie. The Wild Lawn Handbook. 223p. 1995. Macmillan Publishing Co. Rappaport, Bret. "To Mow or Grow," published in Wildflower, Spring 1996 issue. Schultz, Warren. The Chemical -Free Lawn. 208p. 1989. Rodale Press. Taylor, Patricia. Easy Care Native Plants. 325p. 1996. Henry Holt and Co. Wilson, William H. Landscaping with Wildflowers and Native Plants. 96p. 1985. Ortho Information Services. t I NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION° Na tive Plants & Your Habitat From the mosses and ferns to the largest of our trees, plants have carpeted habitats in North America for millions of years. As mixed communities of hundreds or thousands of species, plants form the basis for the life of the wildlife which inhabits the continent. Over geologic time, the distribution of these plants has changed repeatedly and species have The Case for Locally Native Plants The wildlife in our communities prosper amid locally native plants. However, there are many hundreds of species of exotic plants available for sale, originally from Asia, Europe, Africa, or Australia, that now cover home land- scapes in North America. These plants cannot sustain the wildlife with which we share our communities. Though these plants may offer birds fruit, squirrels nuts, and hummingbirds and butterflies nectar, they do not provide the entire range of seasonal habitat benefits that an appro- priate locally native species will provide. If we want not only to satisfy our desires to attract wildlife, but also to restore the critical, often unseen small pieces in our ecosystems, we need to bring back our locally native plants. These plants meet the food and cover needs of all wildlife species: bees, wasps and butterflies, flies and grasshoppers, bugs, beetles and spiders and thousands of others that sustain and support food BACKYARD WILDLIFE HABITAT NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION® evolved, flourished and become extinct. For your Backyard Wildlife Habitat project, we suggest that you grow those plants which we are reasonably sure shaded the streams or reached for the sun, in the forests or meadows, prairies or deserts of your local area at the time of European colonization of this land. webs which songbirds and chipmunks, salamanders and bats, toads and box turtles more visibly demonstrate. At the bottom of the food web, native plants far outperform exotic plants that have characterized wildlife landscaping for much of the past century. Native species also provide excellent cover for wildlife, require no fertilization and once established, do not require watering. The Case against Exotics An equally important reason to use locally native plants is to lessen the possibility that exotic plants from our landscapes will run wild. Generally, native plants do not become invasive; that is, they will not reproduce rampantly, invading and impoverishing the diversity of our remaining natural habitats as an increasing number of exotic plants now do. Exotic invasives that have been popular in wildlife gardening but that should not be planted include purple loosestrife, multiflora and Cherokee roses, Asiatic bush honeysuck- les, Japanese honeysuckle, autumn and Russian olive, burning bush euonymus and many others. Natives -- More than a Reasonable Replacement There are locally native plant species which meet virtually any landscaping need, while replacing the monotony of the few exotics that so dominate our landscapes and the tyranny of the exotic invasives which depopulate our woodlands, roadsides and meadows. Some very frequently used plants are so widespread that when they become susceptible to disease, major efforts will be needed to restore our landscapes. Popular exotics include Photinia (red tip), privets, raphiolepis (Indian hawthorn), oleander, many roses, euonymus and hybrid azaleas. Two trees which dot hundreds of thousands of landscapes, residential and commercial, in the United States and offer little of value to wildlife are Leyland cypress and Bradford pear. The cypress is a cross of two western United States natives which would never hybridize in nature. The trees are sterile. The Bradford pear, a horticultural artifact, is not found normally in nature and originated in China. Serviceberry for Bradford Pear - An Exchange The Bradford pear bursts out with a mass of white blooms in mid -spring and closes the season with a brilliant flash of red foliage. It is a brittle, early blooming but foul smelling ornamental that provides some seasonal cover for birds. Even earlier blooming is a group of native trees, known regionally as shadbush, juneberry, serviceberry or sarvis, which is the first showy native to bloom in many parts of the country, its white flowers even profuse under the edges of woodlands. It dazzles in the fall with foliage that may be red, salmon or orange. In the winter, its smooth gray bark adds interest to any landscape. From bloom time through the early summer, its flowers and fruits invite a succession of native wildlife, insects intent on taking away pollen and nectar for their young and, in doing so, fertilizing the thousands of flowers that this rose family member produces. In May, June or July, quantities of its small fruit attract thrushes, waxwings, orioles, catbirds and dozens of other songbirds. In contrast, the small hard fruit of the Bradford pear attracts only the European starling, a bird few wish to invite to their habitat. Eastern Redcedar or Rocky Mountain Juniper for Leyland Cypress - An Exchange If the hybrid cypress, an evergreen, were replaced with a regionally adapted U.S. native juniper, such as eastern redcedar or Rocky Mountain juniper, a great variety of birds would not only benefit from the cover that the junipers and cypress all provide, but much more from the female junipers' production of great quantities of fruits and the junipers' shreddy bark used by so many birds for nesting material. For the beautiful juniper and little olive hairstreak butterflies, whose caterpil- lars clandestinely feed only on juniper foliage, these native trees are perhaps the most critical element in their habitat. Actions for Local Natives Our landscapes, carefully planted with locally native species, can be instruments to restore native plants to our communities and natural open spaces. Birds will cant' the seeds of our natives into wild spaces, reversing the trend which makes "good birds bad" .as they are often the main carvers of exotic plant seeds into natural environment. If exotic plants in your landscape are spreading into adjacent areas, give your local habitat a break, and give yourself an opportunity. Get rid of one exotic invasive this year, and replace it with a locally native species. Your state natural heritage agency will provide you with a list of exotic invasives as well as techniques you can use to Checklist for Creating a A T I O N A L� Bird -Friendly Backyard WILDLIFE FEDERATION" ► Re-create the multiple layers of plant growth found in natural areas. ► Select plants to provide nutritional foods during different seasons. ► Plant shrubs and small trees in same -species clumps for adequate pollination of fruits. Provide at least one clump of conifers (evergreens). ► Leave dead trees, standing or fallen, to provide nesting and foraging sites. Consider topping dead trees rather than removing the whole tree if safety is an issue. Leave vines, or plant native additions. ► Limit the size of your lawn for less mowing, less fertilizing, less watering, and less pollution. ► Avoid invasive exotic (non-native) plants. ► Supply a source of water - dripping or running water is a better attractant than still water. 0. Provide and monitor nest boxes of various sizes. P. Leave some leaf litter on the ground. Stop using pesticides in your yard. ► Use only organic, slow release fertilizers, preferably your own compost, if needed. From Bird Gardens : Welcoming Wild Birds to Your Yard, by Stephen W. Kress (Editor) Brooklyn Botanic Garden's 21 st-Century Gardening Series Ten things we can all do to help migratory and resident birds: SMITHSONIAN MIGRATORY BIRD CENTER 1. Minimize or eliminate the use of pesticides. Buy organically grown products. 2. Buy shade -grown coffee. Research by the Smithsonian N Dgratory Bird Center has shown that shade -grown coffee plantations in Latin America provide excellent habitat for birds, whereas sun coffee plantations destroy bird habitat. For more information and a list of companies selling certified, "bird -friendly" coffee, see Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center web site: http://www.si.edu/smbc). 3. Maintain and or restore natural habitat on your property. Plant and maintain native trees, shrubs, and vines that provide year round food, water, and shelter for birds. Keep in mind that even though your backyard may not be big enough to serve as breeding habitat for many types of migratory birds, it can provide critical stopover habitat, that is, places for migrating birds to stop to rest and refuel. For more information, contact: National Wildlife Federation, Backyard Habitat Program Office, 8925 Leesburg Pike, Vienna, VA 22184; 703-790-4434; http://www.nwforg/habitats. 4. Reduce the risk of bird predation by keeping cats indoors, especially during migration and the breeding season (Contact the American Bird Conservancy's "Cats Indoors" program for more information: 202-778-9666). Refrain from putting table scraps out for wildlife and dispose of household garbage responsibly so as to not attract predators (such as raccoons and crows) and sustain their numbers at abnormally high levels. 5. Invite neighboring landowners to join your backyard habitat effort to make for a greater cumulative effect. Corridors of natural habitats are very important for migrating birds. 6. Become involved in local land -use planning to preserve and restore natural habitats in your community. 7. Plan or participate in International Migratory Bird Day, held each year on or around the second Saturday in May. Hundreds of events take place throughout the United States with the goal of raising public awareness of migratory birds and the conservation issues that affect them. An International Migratory Bird Day festival will be held on Saturday, May 6, 2000 at the National Zoo. Call Mary Deinlein at the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center for more information or if you would like to volunteer to help with the event: 202-673-4908._ 8. If birds are colliding with your windows or glass doors, break up the reflection using decals or non -reflective coating, or by putting blinds, curtains, or a screen in front of the glass. 9. Support conservation organizations dedicated to protecting birds and their habitats. 10. Write letters to local, state, and federal officials urging them to support legislation that will protect birds and their habitats. Each of these topics and more are explored in Bring Back the Birds: What You Can Do to Save Threatened Species which is available locally at the National Zoo's Bookstore or from the publisher, Stackpole Books (1-800-732-3669). .Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center. National Zoological Park, Washington. DC 20008 ` obS' lb v +CDll,- G StcTb�'c'r' �5 pv t� Cs UGC. FAr-Y-VA&r- WET IPMVO�*A ViunOW �L wwT SHENANDOAH PRIMARY HOME COMMUNITY DOGWOOD DEVELOPMENT GROUP • DAVID COBEY DESIGN 1„=16' 1.22.00 L�.�sc.. asr�+aeT+s SHENANDOAH PRIMARY HOME COMMUNITY DOGWOOD DEVELOPMENT GROUP 9 DAVID COBEY DESIGN i»=16' 1.22.00 w A ST Ab' p%/ * � ttf, uTitot" fAt r4040f # T*AJL• vxcl" roz 1w G -c I.Wfr wtc 4 + SILL- SHENANDOAH ACTIVE ADULT COMMUNITY DOGWOOD DEVELOPMENT GROUP 9 DAVID COBEY DESIGN 1»=103 1.22.00 BIL i ^1 fJ� t�:�.�la��k� GOc•t.��. W ITK 4mp�iD dt goorm 'in iiOi�'i�c, + illf� SHENANDOAH ACTIVE ADULT COMMUNITY DOGWOOD DEVELOPMENT GROUP 9 DAVID GOBEY DESIGN 1n-1o, 1.22.00 rolf IL (A q . rrswv CyothAT eAvr Or vtu 46S A WsGq SHENANDOAH PRIMARY HOME COMMUNITY DOGWOOD DEVELOPMENT GROUP . DAVID COBEY DESIGN i"=16' 1.22.00 tt r= I otmjw --i�l 9x tau tuDwz U.S. FAOUWAY- TAPICAA.- o,%M-noN vu. m.e A WEST -ro t� wi*r HENANDOAH PRIMARY HO DOGWOOD DEVELOPMENT GROUP 9 DAVID COBEY DESIGN 1"=16' 1.22.00 DAVID COBEY DESIGN PO BOX 31 FEDEX: 178 SALT POND ROAD CUSIIING MAINE 04563 TELFAX 207 354 9290 Re: Shenandoah / Preliminary data Ray Smith Preliminary calculations of the residential elements of the current plan are attached. 1 I, The village center includes a 40,000 sf food store visible from Rt 522, and along a tree - lined, brick -walked Main Street, a 9,000 sf drug store, 40,000 sf of 50' deep retail, a 32,000 sf., six screen (1500 seat) movie theater, 40,000 sf of second story office space, a firehouse, post office and church. A village green leading from Rt 522 ends in a park formed by a library, nature center and regional office building (or buildings) of up to 72,000 sf with internal parking. The office building overlooks a meadow and forest. An RV storage area with water and pump -out accessed from outside the community on Rt. 277 contains over 100 stalls, 30' and 50' deep. fax only c/ Chuck Maddox DAVID COBEY DESIGN PO BOX 31 FEDEX: 178 SALT POND ROAD CUSHING MAINE 04563 TEIAFAX 207 354 9290 Shenandoah Active Adult Community East Multifamil duplex A B 88 C 10 D 48 E 54 F G _ 56 136 120 North A B C D E F G 70 H J K 44 L M N 22 P 56 Q _ 192 Preliminary data, plan of 2.24.00 55' lots 65' lots Frederick Co Clarke Co Total 34 6 51 13 96 (mf) 75 26 6 23 (55') 43 16 _ 175 89 520 125 645 5 37 12 38 5 39 53 66 49 34 47 385 Primary Home Community (West) Multifamily 80' lots 100' lots A 120 28 8 B 9 C 109 D 127 E 95 125 215 262 144 58 46 33 62 30 229 806 1326 621 1947 806 1451 621 2072 4ALP 40 L. oc „ ?A' M i 1•tt s4koem-4aht't' DOGWOOD DEVELOPMENT GROUP • DAVID COBEY DESIGN 1"=10' 1.22.00 lcac.+ js ENANDOAH ACTIVE ADULT COM DOGWOOD DEVELOPMENT GROUP • DAVID COBEY DESIGN 1„=10' 1.22.00 MODIFICATIONS TO MDP FINAL NOTES (Numbers reference approved notes) 1.a. The mix and density of housing types is different, but within what R5 allows. 1.b. Lake edge forestation is being negotiated with VDGIF. 2.a. The AAC roads will be private. 3. (The open space trail system is still in design, being coordinated with utilities.) Those portions of the open space trail system that may occur within 100' of the lake will be subject to mutual agreement with VDGIF. 4. Street lights of design selected by the developer will be provided at intersections and at the ends of cuts de sac. 6. We would like the fire station integrated into the Main Street environment in a more urban style. 8. Delete. 9.e. Trails within 100' of the lake are being discussed with VDGIF. 10. The specifics of public and AAC access to the lake are being discussed with VDGIF. 12. Delete. 13. The recreation facilities will be turned over to the HOA under terms explicit in all sales contracts. 14. a. (Phasing is not yet designated.) 14.b. Delete. 14.e. Substitute Rt 522 for Rt 277. 15.b. Delete. The intent of the plan is to maximize open space and preserve as much tree cover as possible consistent with siting of the homes, and to preserve at least 25% of the tree cover on the overall site. Lots in the AAC will be cleared to at least the rear building line. In the Primary Home Community, utilities and grading required to adapt streets to the abrupt terrain changes will require significant clearing of the area. Placing arbitrary limits on tree cutting on lots fronting the lake (behind 100' of trees) is inconsistent with siting homes on the abruptly changing grades. ;)P% N ivirUAEY CIF -SIC", tv m'ix '.t Re Shenandoah lotting criteria To' Chuc.x Maddox FT!)11 CL-SWf;C,.MAlNi-.4'45 -t Y-1jFAX 2073Ss9290 10 23 00 Lot and road design were generated together, the road centerlines following the midpoint between low points of the same elevation on opposite sides of ridges, with the enter ion that the final grade drop from the Iron t of the unit to the rear of the &tt does not exceed ) 2.5' (see tront•to back lot section), so that no grading occurs outsae the rear lot fine (frequently resulting in cut along the ridgeline). Maximum street grace of 5% for 40' units is based on using 55' tots with side slopes of 1'3 to drainage swales along pally lines. with front to back drninagge pteked up by light duty yard drains, and garages and 5 yams on the higr, side of th%- lot (se(+ sketch) Max►mum street grade of 4% for 50' units is based on using 65' lots with side slopes of 1.3 to drainage $wales along patty Imes, with front to bacx drainage picked up by light duty yard drains. and garages and 5' yards on the side of tho tot (see Mcetchl Maximum ufreet grade of 50% for 35' duplex units is based on a one toot side -to -side drop between garages, maximum side slopes of 1,3 to drainage swates along party lines, with front to back drainage picked up by 49M duty yard drains; ano uneven i0l Widths, with 5' yams on the high side Ot the lot (see sketch) At tack tv back urmis, party line drains connect to storm lines in streets Where units abut open space, party fine -Y..• u?e da lighted tv'hP rpar P r-�+ Y ai..lr_..� _ _- 'Jneven side yards are used throughout to place party line drainage on lot lines For all detached home tocograms. r rnet I52l i iLgfior side. ya1q't'M�".zYldtY with the direction OS Slope of the street (see sketch) Untu unit design:: have bccr determined, full rectangles of the following sizes should be contained within ur.-?d 'r<�n!e�c s ar.'nt;rnrs 1!n.r wlWh Oil, width rMta!%ltifrzr Qu�'a within SQthaCkS 55 50'x75' Path 35'V71-13' Driveway gradients between and 7% should be planned for two -car garages in all programs. achievable with 20' setback f-m the rroaximuri 5% streets. .�, -i - t, ro apw ,'!a' I iyr`ir•s of e«►opft� r— Iarner Scale !rim ;.� �,.rr.r., navern.f., —tefn 1pllet- M) I , Hk T15I SHENA,NDOAH c yr oe7uyor4 DOGWOOD DIMiLOPWNT GROUP 4 DAVID COHI-Y [)F.SIGR + t; W (A.I1-FORI) t& ASSOCIATES 2.1 i.t1U ftatb DN . I,r r'1 ) D' �' E'IL� � wq I; Of f,3`c o :►.sec 2.v H&V. VVIV? �V tc�c►sCv 'fo tou..t io6 - 4'l06 T q` 7 i�V t(.rDt1.1 C� '�D bU tl..¢.'�►.1�C� � $•l0 7' OWMITIM kbt.A LOT W I GT*"p a IWON'f le oake -(A ao u t►-ev�, pAvabAy' or-t vtt&#It- ci t SHENANDOAH I)WWOOD D;:VKO PWNT GROUP • DAVID COBEY DFSiSN • c, 1v CLIFFORI) F: AS�'OCIAJES 2 40 �TP4� 'c.oT' S*a' 4o' 4W*1,of? OR P.Uy SHENANDOAH 1�etp 120eW-A=),(e4,-r DOGWOOD DWFLOPMENT GROUP • DAVID COREY DESIGN 1023.00 =3 Um PT GSI bo+ r-- r- , w v. ' r. v. SHENANDOAH WO, -M V,W,� L49Mr& DU(;WOOD lANUOPMENT GROUP • DAVID COSH DESIGN 10 2:00 � I I sso 00+Z \ 674.3 \ o fill 674.E 675 F.F=6 .0 \ F.. FF 675.30 670 "° i. \ I \ o I � i 72� 670 ' 665 668 IN 0+00 I+00 2+00 PLAN SEC77ON * FG IS FINISHED GRADE AT DELIVERY OF LOT TO BUILDER SITE CONTRACTOR GRADING TEMPLA7E , Cw~ WA AW TYPICAL LOT ON CRAWL SPACE *AM J-,"l SHEET 3a.3 r,-; La" CRESCENT LANE +00 LL \ R7f 5 6, Ok FF 677.50"' BF 668.50 675 • fj 0+00 1+00 PLAN SECTION *FG 1S FINISHED GRADE AT DELIVERY OF LOT TO BUILDER SITE CONTRACTOR GRADING TEMPLATE TYPICAL LOT WITH BASEMENT jecAue ,_.,V- a. 3 IN 680 7+00 673. 675 qbL ` I F.F. 673.00.,.G % 1 " 613.3 I 0 F.G. r , O 665 0+00 1+00 PLAN SEC770N `FG IS FINISHED GRADE AT DELIVERY OF LOT TO BUILDER SITE CONTRACTOR GRADING TEMPLATE O, TYPICAL LOT ON SLAB mtm � ► r/a3 HENAND DOGWOOD I)INFLOPMLNT GROUP • DAVID COBFY DISIGN "l.J 7.01 1 GS o + Z •G : / of., S . S•/s 4- io*• G 2 .G : t SHENANDOAH DOGWOOD DEiVULONMENT GROUP 0 DAVID (.011rY DESIGN 2.10.01 SHENANDOAH 6mwt, ~," DOGWOOD hl:Vf1.OPMENT GNOUI' 0 DAVID COBEY DLSIGN 2.10.01 iN i f� aZ FIF� I i CvAk�6E GAQAW -SyY� 01.4 f �eiv it Y L tI • M _ j _ 11 1 I SHENANDOAH COMMON ELEMENT ILLUSTRATIONS Active Adult Resort Gated Community "Age Restricted" RECEIVED OCT 12 2000 DEPL OF PLANNINGIDEVELOPMENT 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 SHENANDOAH: ENTRY SIGN ELEVATION SEPTENIBER 29, 2000 SCALE: '%" = U-0" m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m A SHENANDOAH "OU, C79- ILLUSTRATIVE ENTRANCE PLAN SEPTEMBER 29 2000 SCAI E: F* = 30' CD - SHENANDOAH Mum t 4- .1 It A3, Ir��J �r��. Irk.-:;� � t I •'� wo ilm S IENAND OAH FREDERICK AND CLARKE COUNTIES, VIRGINIA COMMUNITY CENTER CONCEPT SITE PLAN SEPTEMBER, 2000 r"Al" WVFianuxr (A" �i oo su�ase �autr oa i{tSlfwv vw :.`avi a' m 0-1 —jam �yyu� \J r r r r 4 SHENANDOAH /-�~ ��°�`~' `'.' .~. \�7-` 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A Revised Traffic Impact Analysis of Shenandoah located in Frederick County, Virginia prepared for Dogwood Development Group 11800 Sunrise Valley Drive Suite 925 Reston, Virginia 20191 Callow Transportation Consulting in association with Patton, Harris, Rust & Associates 14532 Lee Road Chantilly, Virginia 20151-1679 May 4, 2000 EPT C 77, OVERVIEW ' Report Summary 17 Shenandoah is a residential/commercial development located in Frederick County, Virginia with some parcels in Warren and Clarke Counties. The development is now proposed as an active adult home community within the approved zoning on the land when it was approved as "Wheatlands". The site exists on the west side of Route 522/340 and south of Route 277. A traffic study was performed for the original rezoning, A Traffic Impact Analysis of Wheatlands A Proposed Mixed Use Development in Frederick County, Virginia, by Callow Associates, Inc. dated October 1990. After consultation with the Staunton office of the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT), it was decided that the original study needed to be updated 1 analyzing the changed uses with current traffic counts and forecasts. This report by Callow Transportation Consulting (CTC) addresses the proposed land uses with any coinciding transportation improvements and compares the trip generation with the 1 approved land uses evaluated in the original study in 1990. This report was prepared following discussions with VDOT and the applicant. Primary access to Shenandoah will be via a spine road located along Route 522/340. The location of this point of access has been moved northward and is in Clarke County. There will also be a right -in -right -out south of the primary road. Route 277 will also have access points with a site driveway and via Route 636 as originally approved. The newest version of the highway capacity software (HCS) program, HCS 3.1 c, was used for ' analysis. The proposed Shenandoah development includes 1,337 single family detached units and 925 attached active adult houses, 121,000 square feet of retail, a church, library, office space of 112,000 square feet and a post office all to be completed by the year 2007. ' EXISTING CONDITIONS CTC conducted manual traffic counts at the Double Tollgate intersection of Routes 522/340/277 in order to obtain current traffic conditions as well as a growth rate in traffic from the counts made in 1990. Traffic counts at the intersection of Route 277and Route 636 were adjusted for through volumes on Route 277 since there has been ' no change in land use since 1990 on Route 636. The traffic counts are included in the Appendix section of this report. Figure 1 shows existing (2000) ADT (Average Daily Trips) and A.M. and P.M peak hour traffic volumes at each of the analyzed intersections. ADT was calculated by assuming that the P.M. peak hour is 10 percent of ADT. Figure 2 illustrates all respective lane geometry and A.M. and P.M peak hour levels of service. A I detailed description of level of service is found in the Appendix section of this report. ' METHODOLOGY tThe traffic impacts for Shenandoah were established through a sequence of activities as the narratives that follow document: ' • Assessment of background traffic using a growth rate derived from the 1990 and 2000 counts, • Calculation of trip generation for Shenandoah, • Distribution and assignment of Shenandoah generated trips onto the completed road network, • Analysis of capacity and level of service using HCS 3. lc. 2007 BACKGROUND TRAFFIC The existing traffic volumes were increased to account for area growth through Year 2007. CTC determined that the average growth rate in for this part of Frederick County has been at a compound growth rate of 5 per cent per year. Figure 3 shows 2007 background ADT (Average Daily Trips) and A.M. and P.M peak hour traffic volumes at key intersections within the road network surrounding Shenandoah. Figure 4 shows the respective 2007 background lane geometry and A.M. and P.M peak hour levels of service. ' A detailed description of level of service is found in the Appendix section of this report. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 SITE M ova � h N h eh ,� 30(40) I L4mm 68(124) �53(65) (17M (69)150 ME# mr (72)71 m=% M m en " "h n Future Site D 'rwe wa M1 i mono Ri ht Out D � N k CTC AM(PM) No Scale Figure 1 Existing Traffic Conditions 5/3/00 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 N Unsignalized 1-- Intersection CTC M �o Signalized o�e2>, Intersection * 64A A(A)* V LOS = QQ JUL BM) stir d! *�C)B< . SITEM N �A # Right In�Out Driv a -------- eway -------------- AM(PM) No Scale * Denotes Critical Movement (unsignalized) Figure 2 Existing Lane Geometry and Level of Service 111100 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 n� M 2 1( �16) Goo IT h M%mm 42 ALe 75(91) (24)70 mmP w (97)211 mm•► ur (101)100 ap v fn a Q� �ov�o ago �n Future Site Drivewa SITE (1)1-,' {1)1 z Right Input Driveway a --.J N k CTC AM(PM) No Scale Figure 3 2007 Background Traffic Conditions 5/3/00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Unsignalized Intersection �o Lte2�, *�`4)4 A(A)* SITE Signalized Intersection t j LOS = QQ C(C) f / 04 3. ' U vs: Future Site DrNvewa *(CK' 0 *41 N I w O O -�ght In/Out Driveway -----a AM(PM) No Scale * Denotes Critical Movement (unsignalized) N 4--, CTC Figure 4 2007 Background Lane Geometry and Level of Service 5/3/00 1 1 I 1 1 I SHENANDOAH TRIP GENERATION The automobile trips produced by and attracted to this Shenandoah site were established using ITE Trip Generation Manual, 6th Edition rates. Table 1 shows the trip generation results for the Shenandoah development as well as for the original Wheatlands approved development. The proposed Shenandoah land uses will produce considerably less traffic than the approved Wheatlands development. The ADT trips will decrease by 44 percent. The A.M. and P.M. peak hours will reduce by 53 and 44 percent respectively. Table 1 Shenandoah vs. Wheatlands Trin Generation Summary SHENANDOAH AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour Code Land Use Amount In Out Total In Out Total ADT 251 Elderly Housing-Det. 1,337units 98 174 272 180 101 281 2,805 253 Elderly Housing Att. 925 units 41 24 65 55 38 93 3,219 560 Church 10,000 SF 4 3 7 4 3 7 91 590 Library 10,000 SF 6 2 8 35 38 72 743 710 Office 112,000 SF 180 24 204 35 170 205 1,448 732 U. S. Post Office 10,000 SF 42 38 80 55 53 108 1,082 820 Retail 121,000 SF 109 70 179 342 370 712 7,706 Total Trips 478 336 815 704 773 1,477 17,094 WHEATLANDS AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour Code Land Use Amount In Out Total In Out Total ADT 210 Single Family Detach 1,313 units 232 696 929 699 393 1,093 13,130 220 Apartment 232 units 19 100 119 97 48 144 1,525 230 Townhouse/Condo 527 units 32 158 190 163 80 243 4,585 560 Church 10,000 SF 4 3 7 4 3 7 91 590 Library 10,000 SF 6 2 8 35 38 72 743 710 Office 112,000 SF 180 24 204 35 170 205 1,448 732 U. S. Post Office 10,000 SF 42 38 80 55 53 108 1,082 820 Retail 121,000 SF 109 70 179 342 370 712 7,706 Total Trips 623 1,092 1,716 1,428 1 155 2,583 30,309 Shenandoah minus Wheatlands Trips -145 -756 -901 -724 -382 -1,106-13,215 The developers of Shenandoah are going to provide pedestrian and golf cart trails throughout the community as well as connect to areas outside of the community such as the shopping to the west of Shenandoah and the golf courses to the south and east of the community. These should reduce automobile trips even further than those in Table 1. Trips could reduce as much as 25 percent over the calculated trips; however, no additional reductions were made in order to keep the analysis conservative. 7 I 1 TRIP DISTRIBUTION AND TRIP ASSIGNMENT The distribution of trips was based upon local travel patterns for the road network surrounding the Shenandoah site. Figure 5 represents the trip distribution percentages into and out of the Shenandoah development. Figure 6 shows the development -generated trips assigned onto the local road network surrounding Shenandoah. ' 2007 TRAFFIC IMPACTS Shenandoah assigned trips (Figure 6) were added to the 2007 background (Figure ' 3) traffic. Figure 7 shows 2007 build -out ADT (Average Daily Trips) and A.M. and P.M peak hour traffic volumes at key intersections within the road network surrounding Shenandoah. Figure 8 shows the respective 2007 build -out lane geometry and A.M. and ' P.M peak hour levels of service. A detailed description of level of service is found in the Appendix section of this report. ' CONCLUSION The traffic impacts associated with the Shenandoah development are acceptable ' and manageable. All intersections maintain acceptable overall levels of service `C' or better for 2007 build -out conditions. ' The required transportation improvements remain consistent with those shown in the Wheatlands 1990 study. 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 i 1 1 N I- CTC �P0�te 2, 9 M b C L N a A w o a Site Driveway SITE Ri ht Input Driveway No Scale Figure 5 Development Trip Distribution Percentages 5/3/00 1 1 i 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 i 1 1 �� • 17(38) N N � U10 i3 � 96(141) AL4_ 4WO) i24p� 61 �y e� 72(106) e (39)17 =P -� 3 e (774 •m•► Ur (74)41 mm% sw b C O n � b Site Drivewa I MW (193)84 � _� (7 SITE 6 �6 �h Right i htI g n/Out D rnvewa (77)34 N N k CTC AM(PM) No Scale Figure 6 Development Generated Trip Assignments 5/3/00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a6 ago n � 7 ^ l ��( 451) h WO %� 42(�141) AL 4� 144(244) 147(197) e (174)245 ■m* mr (175)141 00% aaN h am � M n Site Driveway A UM (194)55...# SITE o Gz _ V�� N �n D Ri ht In/Out Drivewa a (77)34 0 b N k CTC AM(PM) No Scale Figure 7 2007 Build -Out Traffic Conditions 5/3/00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Signalized Intersection LOS = B(B) U Signalized Intersection i pte S gna zed >> �. LOS = BOB) Intersection (gjB &� #ftft U LOS = C(C) � am) B j UL w 3 (cw w4 it r A v w Signalized Site DriveIntersection wa LOS = B(B) SITE (PB �, Ut M N N w O O ! ht R/01 Drivew. , �� a AM(PM) No Scale N I__. CTC Figure 8 2007 Build -out Lane Geometry and Level of Service 5/3/00 u u Appendix E C Intersection: E-W: RT 277 Weather Dry File Name C: 61e9 Shenandoah\RT522&340.x1s N-S: RT 522 Count B JJP Input By JJP Location VA Count Date 4/11/00 15 Minute EB: RT 277 WB. RT 340 NB: RT 522 SB: RT 522 15 Min. Period N,S, Period Begining Left Thru Right Total Left Thru Right Total Left Thru Right Total Left Thru Right Total E & W Begining 6:30 8 31 6 45 6 9 6 21 11 48 15 74 8 36 3 47 187 6:30 6:45 11 36 8 55 9 13 8 30 8 54 14 76 10 42 5 57 218 6:45 7:00 16 42 11 69 9 12 10 31 12 71 18 101 7 50 4 61 262 7:00 ' 7:15 25 46 10 81 8 16 9 33 17 63 18 98 9 72 3 84 296 7:15 7:30 20 39 13 72 11 18 10 39 12 68 21 101 8 76 8 92 304 7:30 7:45 14 34 16 64 12 14 8 34 8 59 16 83 8 84 10 102 283 7:45 8:00 6 35 20 61 14 15 6 35 6 51 18 75 12 92 21 125 296 8:00 ' 8:15 10 42 22 74 16 21 6 43 8 61 14 83 14 102 18 134 334 8:15 A.M. Total 110 305 106 521 85 118 63 266 82 475 134 691 76 554 72 702 2180 A.M. Total 16:30 5 16 20 41 21 29 7 57 30 122 12 164 4 92 9 105 367 16:30 16:45 4 20 18 42 20 31 9 60 34 134 16 184 6 98 10 114 400 16:45 17:00 3 19 17 39 19 37 12 68 38 148 19 205 4 105 8 117 429 17:00 17:15 6 14 16 36 14 32 11 57 32 164 17 213 7 116 12 135 441 17:15 ' 17:30 17:45 4 4 16 9 21 16 41 29 12 8 24 18 8 6 44 32 28 22 136 98 10 9 174 129 10 9 124 112 8 7 142 128 401 318 17:30 17:45 18:00 3 10 12 25 10 12 4 26 19 86 11 116 6 96 8 110 277 18:00 18:15 5 10 9 24 7 8 4 19 14 72 6 92 7 80 5 92 227 18:15 ' P.M. Tote! 34 114 129 277 111 191 61 363 217 960 100 1277 53 823 67 943 2860 P.M. Total 1 Hour EB: RT 277 WB: RT 340 NB: RT 522 SB: RT 522 1 Hour Period N,S, Period Begining Left Thru Right Total Left Thru Right Total Left Thru Right Total Left Thru Right Total E & W Begining ' 6:30 60 155 35 250 32 50 33 115 48 236 65 349 34 200 15 249 963 6:30 6:45 72 163 42 277 37 59 37 133 49 256 71 376 34 240 20 294 1080 6:45 7:1 75 161 50 286 40 60 37 137 49 261 73 383 32 282 25 339 1145 7:00 7:15 65 154 59 278 45 63 33 141 43 241 73 357 37 324 42 403 1179 7:15 7:30 50 150 71 271 53 68 30 151 34 239 69 342 42 354 57 453 1217 7:30 16:30 18 69 71 158 74 129 39 242 134 568 64 766 21 411 39 471 1637 16:30 16:45 17 69 72 158 65 124 40 229 132 582 62 776 27 443 38 508 1671 16:45 ' 17:00 17 58 70 145 53 111 37 201 120 546 55 721 30 457 35 522 1589 17:00 17:15 17 49 65 131 44 86 29 159 101 484 47 632 32 448 35 515 1437 17:15 17:30 16 45 58 119 37 62 22 121 83 392 36 511 32 412 28 472 1223 17:30 1 Hots EB: RT 277 WB: RT 340 NB: RT 522 SB: RT 522 1 Hour Period N,S, Period Begining Left Thru Right Total Left Thru Right Total Left Thru Right Total Left Thru Right Total E & W Begining 7:30 50 150 71 271 53 68 30 151 34 239 69 342 42 354 57 453 1217 7:30 A.M. Peak PHF = 0.92 PHF = 0.88 PHF = 0.85 PHF = 0.85 0.91 A.M. Peak 16:45 17 69 72 158 65 124 40 229 132 582 62 776 27 443 38 508 1671 16:45 P.M. Peak PHF = 0.94 PHF = 0.84 PHF = 0.91 PHF = 0.99 0.95 P.M. Peak Intersection: E-W: IRT 277 N-S: I RT 522 Loc000l VA He Name I CAmy 61es1Sheoandoah\RT522&340.xls hpd By JJP RT 522 A.M. PEAK HOUR 7:30 - 8:30 1 453 (3r/.) 319 5 354 42 J L RT 340 � 159 t— (Is*/.) 50 �! 30 271 1% 68 151 71 53 (17°/.) 261 �► RT 277 M + r 34 239 69 478I j (34%) 342I RT 522 P.M. PEAK HOUR RT 522 16:45 - 17:45 508 (340%) 1 639 ' 38 443 27 JL �-- 294 (140%) 17 �? 4 40 RT 340 158 --► 69 124 ♦— 229 72 �i _� 65 (12%) 158 —► RT 277 r 132 582 62 580 (41%) 7761 Dignbution RT 522 o/From percart East 14.25% West 15.600/9 North 33.020% South 37.13Yo 100°/. INTERSECTION CAPACITY ANALYSIS and ' LEVEL OF SERVICE The most current analysis methodologies used for evaluating the capacity of intersections were developed by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) in conjunction with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and other members of the transportation profession. This methodology is represented in TRB Special Report Number 209, The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). Computerized methods for conducting these analyses were developed by FHWA; and are the methods used in this report. The following brief explanations of the methodologies are adapted from the HCM. UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS - TWSC At an unsignalized two-way stop -controlled (TWSC) intersection, the major street has continuous right of way while the side street is controlled by a stop sign or yield sign. In operation, vehicles exiting the side street and crossing or turning into the main street flow must wait for "acceptable gaps" in the main street flow. The same is true of left -turning traffic from the main street that must cross the opposing flow. The analysis takes into account the probability of a gap in the main street traffic. The probability and number of acceptable gaps is lower in higher volume flows. The acceptability of a gap is modified by physical factors (sight distance, turning radius, etc.) and by characteristics of the traffic flow (percentage trucks, buses, etc.). In the analysis in these reports, all default values suggested by the HCM were used unless additional information was available. These defaults include the estimated percentage of trucks (single unit and tractor -trailer), buses and motorcycles. The level of service for TWSC intersections is determined only for individual movements - not for the intersection as a whole. The total delay is defined as the total elapsed time from when a vehicle stops at the end of the queue until the vehicle departs from the stop line; this time includes the time required for the vehicle to travel from the last -in -queue position to the first -in -queue position. Level of Service Criteria for TWSC Intersections Average Total Delay Level of Service sec/veh A G5 B C >5 and <_10 >10 and 520 D >20 and 530 E F >30 and 545 >45 I SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS The operation (and therefore the capacity) of a signalized intersection is complicated by the fact that the signal is allocating time between conflicting traffic movements - movements that must use the same physical space. The analysis, therefore, must not only look at the physical geometry of the intersection, but the signal timing aspects as well. u In the analysis of signalized intersections, two terms are important: volume to capacity ratio (v/c) and; average stopped delay (seconds per vehicle). The theoretical capacity is based on the physical geometry, the available green time (often expressed as G/C), and the traffic mix (e.g. trucks use more capacity than cars). The average stopped delay may be calculated from the v/c ratio, cycle length, quality of progression on the arterial and available green time on each approach. In this report all the default values recommended by the HCM are used unless other specific information is available (percentage of trucks, pedestrians, etc.). Existing signal timings are observed and used whenever possible. When future signals are being evaluated, an "optional" signal timing is calculated based on projected volumes. The level of service is based on the calculated average delay per vehicle for each approach and for the intersection as a whole. Based on extensive research studies, the maximum delay acceptable by the average driver is sixty seconds per vehicle at a signalized intersection. This is defined as the upper limit on the possible range of delay/level of service criteria. The following criteria describe the full range of level of service: Level of Service Criteria for Signalized Intersections Level of Service A B C D E F Stopped Delay per Vehicle (sec) <_5.0 >5.0 and 515.0 >15.0 and 525.0 >25.0 and <_40.0 >40.0 and _<60.0 >60.0 1 n LEVEL OF SERVICE DESCRIPTIONS FOR SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS Level of Service Description A Level of Service A describes operations with very low delay, up to 5 sec per vehicle. This level of service occurs when progression is extremely favorable, and most vehicles arrive during the green phase. Most vehicles do not stop at all. Short cycle lengths may also contribute to low delay. B Level of Service B describes operations with delay greater than 5 and up to 15 sec per vehicle. This level generally occurs with good progression, short cycle lengths, or both. More vehicles stop than for LOS A, causing higher levels of average delay. C Level Of Service C describes operations with delay greater than 15 and up to 25 sec per vehicle. These higher delays may result from fair progression, longer cycle lengths, or both. Individual cycle failures may begin to appear in this level. The number of vehicles stopping is significant at this level, though many still pass though the intersection without stopping. D Level of Service D describes operations with delay greater than 25 and up to 40 sec per vehicle. At level D, the influence of congestion becomes more noticeable. Longer delays may result from some combination of unfavorable progression, longer cycle lengths, or high v/c ratios. Many vehicles stop, and the proportion of vehicles not stopping declines. Individual cycle failures are noticeable. E Level of Service E describes operations with delay greater than 40 and up to 60 sec per vehicle. This level is considered by many agencies to be the limit of acceptable delay. These high delay values generally indicate poor progression, long cycle lengths, and high v/c ratios. Individual cycle failures are frequent occurrences. F Level of Service F describes operations with delay in excess of 60 sec per vehicle. This level, considered to be unacceptable to most drivers, often occurs with over saturation, that is, when arrival flow rates exceed the capacity of the intersection. It may also occur at high v/c ratios below 1.0 with many individual cycle failures. Poor progression and cycle lengths may also be major contributing causes to such delay levels. 1 HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.1c `Inter: Route 277 Analyst: CTC Date: 4/25/00 JE/W St: Route 277 No. Lanes tol GConfi g ume Lane width ■RTOR Vol & Route 522 City/St: Shenandoah Proj #• Existing Period: PM Peak N/S St: Route 522 Eastbound L T R 0 1 1 LT R 17 69 72 12.0 12.0 0 GNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY I westbound I Northbound I southbound I L T R I L T R I L T R 0 1 0 I 1 2 1 65 124R 40 1132E 582 62 12.0 0 112.0 12.0 32.0 Duration 1.00 Area Type: All Signal Phase Combination 1 2 3 EB Left A Thru A Right A Pe WB Left A A Thru A A Right A A Peds NB Right ISB Right A 1 2 1 L T R 27 443 38 12.0 12.0 12.0 12 other areas Operations 4( 5 6 7 8 I NB Left A A I Thru A A A A 1 Pegdst I SB Left A i Thru A i Right A I Peds EB I WB Rig9ht Green 10.0 45.0 14.0 35.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 All Red 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 120.0 secs Intersection Performance Summary Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group Approach Lane Group Flow Rate Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C Delay LOS Delay LOS IEastbound LT 658 1754 0.15 0.375 24.9 C 24.8 C R 606 Westbound 1615 0.13 0.375 24.8 C LTR 772 1571 0.33 0.492 18.7 B 18.7 B Northbound L 385 0.38 0.442 22.6 C T 1594 3610 0.41 0.442 23.0 C 22.4 C R 902 1615 0.04 0.558 12.0 B Southbound L 225 T 1053 771 3610 0.13 0.47 0.292 0.292 31.6 35.2 C D 34.8 C R 471 1615 0.06 0.292 30.7 C Intersection Delay = 25.9 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = C HCS: signalized Intersections Release 3.1c Inter: Route 277 Analyst: CTC Date: 4/25/00 JE/W St: Route 277 & Route 522 Eastbound L T R No. Lanes 0 1 1 'volume LT R Volume 150 150 71 Lane width 12.0 12.0 ■RTOR Vol 0 City/St: Shenandoah Proj #: Existing Period: AM Peak N/S St: Route 522 ALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY. westbound Northbound L T R I L T R 0 1 0 LTR 53 68 30 12.0 0 -Duration 1.00 Area Type: All thase Combination 1 Signal 2 3 B Left A Thru A Right A Peds WB Left A A Thru A A Right A A Peds NB Right A 2SB Right 1 2 1 L T R 34 239 69 12.0 12.0 12.0 23 Southbound L T R 1 2 1 L T R 42 354 57 12.0 12.0 12.0 19 other areas Operations 4 5 6 7 8 NB Left A A Thru A A Right A A Pe s SB Left A Thru A Right A Peds EB Right WB Right Green 10.0 45.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 IAll Red 2.0 2.0 cycle Length: 120.0 secs Intersection Performance Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group Flow Rate Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C (Eastbound 14.0 35.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 summary_ Lane Group Approach Delay LOS Delay LOS LT 632 1686 0.35 0.375 27.4 C 26.7 C R 606 Westbound 1615 0.13 0.375 24.7 C LTR 742 1510 0.23 0.492 17.6 B 17.6 B Northbound L 423 0.09 0.442 20.2 C T 1594 3610 0.17 0.442 20.2 C 19.1 B R 902 1615 0.06 0.558 12.1 B Southbound L 326 1117 0.14 0.292 31.6 C T 1053 3610 0.37 0.292 34.0 C 33.5 C R 471 1615 0.09 0.292 31.0 C Intersection Delay = 26.0 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = C IJ HCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.1c TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL(TWSC) ANALYSIS Analyst: CTC Intersection: Route 277 & Route 636 Count Date: Existing Conditions Time Period: AM Peak Intersection Orientation: East-West Major St. Vehicle Volume Data: Movements: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ............................................................................................... Volume: 5 249 9 5 147 7 22 12 12 10 7 14 HFR: 6 277 10 6 163 8 24 13 13 11 8 16 PHF: 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 PHV: 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 ............................................................................................... Pedestrian Volume Data: Movements: --------------------- --------- - ------------------------------------------ ---- Flow: Lane width: Walk speed: % Blockage: Median Type: None *of vehicles: 0 Flared approach Movements: # of vehicles: Northbound 0 # of vehicles: Southbound 0 I Lane usage for movements 1,2&3 approach: Lane 1 Lane 2 L T R L T R ............................................................................................... Y Y Y N N N Channelized: N Grade: 0.00 Lane usage for movements 4,5&6 approach: Lane 1 Lane 2 ..............L ...............T R ............................. L ...............T R.....----...... R... Y Y Y N N N Channelized: N Grade: 0.00 Lane 3 L T R N N N Lane 3 L T R N N N Lane usage for movements 7,8&9 approach: Lane 1 Lane 2 Lane 3 L T R L T R L T R 1............................................................................................... Y N N N Y Y N N N Channelized: N Grade: 0.00 Lane usage for movements 10,11&12 approach: Lane 1 Lane 2 Lane 3 L T R.............L.............T............. R L T R Y Y Y N N N N N N Channelized: N Grade: 0.00 for Effect f Delay to Major Street Vehicles: Data o Computing E ect o y � .......................•------............------...............------------•---•--------------- Eastbound Westbound Shared In volume, major th vehicles: 249 147 Shared In volume, major rt vehicles: 9 7 Sat flow rate, major th vehicles: 1700 1700 Sat flow rate, major rt vehicles: 1700 1700 Number of major street through lanes: 1 1 Length of study period, hrs: 1.00 ..............................................•-------•--------•------------------------------- Worksheet 4 Critical Gap and Follow-up time calculation. Critical Gap Calculations: Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 -•............................................................................................. t c,base 4.1 4.1 7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 t c,hv 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 P by 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 t c,g 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 G 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 t 3,It 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 I t c,T: 1 stage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 tc 1 stage 4.1 4.1 7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 Follow Up Time Calculations: 1 Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 ---•------•---•.....................•--••--•--•-•--.................----•-----------........... t f,base 2.2 2.2 3.5 4.0 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.3 t f,HV 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 P by 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 tf 2.2 2.2 3.5 4.0 ...........................................•----.........-•-•-•-----------•--.........--------- 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.3 Worksheet 6 Impedance and capacity equations Step 1: RT from Minor St. 9 12 .. .---•----------- ---- -------- Conflicting Flows ---- ...... ...... 282 . ---- 167 Potential Capacity 757 877 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 757 877 Probability of Queue free St. 0.98 0.98 .............................................................................................. Step 2: LT from Major St. 4 1 Conflicting Flows 287 171 Potential Capacity 1275 1406 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 1275 1406 Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Maj. L Shared In. Prob. Queue Free St. 1.00 1.00 .......................................................................••••••••................ Step 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 ......................................•----.........---.......----............ •--.............. Conflicting Flows 475 476 Potential Capacity 488 488 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.99 0.99 Movement Capacity 484 483 Probability of Queue free St. 0.97 0:98 .......................................•• -••- Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 10 ........ .... ..... ......... .... ........... ....................... .......... Conflicting Flows 483 484 Potential Capacity 494 493 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 0.97 0.96 Maj. L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 0.98 0.97 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.96 0.95 Movement Capacity 476471 ...........•_...•.•...........• .....•--•... Worksheet 8 Shared Lane Calculations Shared Lane Calculations Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 II ------------------- .............II I I II I v(vph) 24 13 13 11 8 16 Movement Capacity 476 484 757 471 483 877 Shared Lane Capacity 590 600 ...----•..................•-•-•-•---.............-•------- .... ------ Worksheet 10 delay,queue length, and LOS Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 .............•---.................••--........•-----...... II ................... I ---------•--- I I I I II I v(vph) 6 6 24 27 34 C m(vph) 1406 1275 476 590 600 v/c 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.06 95% queue length Control Delay 7.6 7.8 13.0 11.4 11.4 LOS A A B B B Approach Delay 12.1 11.4 Approach LOS B B .......---•..................••••••••••--........--•-•-.......-••-••-••-•••-•-............•---- Worksheet 11 Shared Major LT Impedance and Delay Rank 1 Delay Calculations Movement 2 5 P of 1.00 1.00 V i 1 249 147 i2 9 7 jV S i 1 1700 1700 S i2 1700 1700 P* Oj 1.00 1.00 D maj left 7.6 7.8 N number major st lanes 1 1 Delay, rank 1 mvmts 0.0 0.0 I I 1 HCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.1c TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL(TWSC) ANALYSIS Analyst: CTC Intersection: Route 277 & Route 636 Count Date: Existing Conditions Time Period: PM Peak Intersection Orientation: East-West Major St. Vehicle Volume Data: Movements: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ..................................................................•-----•...................... Volume: 19 146 46 16 268 10 25 5 4 8 6 23 HFR: 21 162 51 18 298 11 28 6 4 9 7 26 PHF: 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 PHV: 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 -----------------------••---•-•-----.........-•------........-------•---....................... Pedestrian Volume Data: Movements: . . ............•------------------•---------• ------------------------------- Flow: Lane width: Walk speed: % Blockage: Median Type: None # of vehicles: 0 jFlared approach Movements: # of vehicles: Northbound 0 # of vehicles: Southbound 0 Lane usage for movements 1,2&3 approach: Lane 1 1 Lane 2 Lane 3 L T R L T R L T R ..................•---................---•----....................-----............ Y Y Y N ------ N • ----- N N N N Channel ized: N Grade: 0.00 Lane usage for movements 4,5&6 approach: Lane 1 Lane 2 Lane 3 .............. L..-----......T.--------•--_R... L T R ............. .............R----......... Y Y Y N N N N N N Channelized: N Grade: 0.00 Lane usage for movements 7,8&9 approach: Lane 1 Lane 2 Lane 3 L T R L .......................................................................... T R L T R Y N N N Y Y N N N Channelized: N IGrade: 0.00 Lane usage for movements 10,11&12 approach: Lane 1 Lane 2 Lane 3 R.............L.------...... T...---•--....R... L T R .............. .............. ............. Y Y Y N N N N N N Channelized: N Grade: 0.00 Data for Computing Effect of Delay to Major Street Vehicles: ...........................................•--.................------•---•---•----------....... Eastbound Westbound Shared In volume, major th vehicles: 146 268 Shared In volume, major rt vehicles: 46 10 Sat flow rate, major th vehicles: 1700 1700 Sat flow rate, major rt vehicles: 1700 1700 Number of major street through lanes: 1 1 Length of study period, hrs: 1.00 IWorksheet --------------------------------• ---..............---.........................---------.--.---- 4 Critical Gap and Follow-up time calculation. Critical Gap Calculations: Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 ---•..................................................................••••--•---------------- t c,base 4.1 4.1 7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 t c,hv 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 P by 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 t c,g 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 G 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 t 3,It 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 t c,T: 1 stage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 tc 1 1 stage 4.1 4.1 7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 Follow Up Time Calculations: 1 Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 ..........................................................................................•-- t f,base 2.2 2.2 3.5 4.0 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.3 t f,HV 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 P by 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 tf 2.2 2.2 3.5 4.0 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.3 .............................•----......--------.............................--------------_... Worksheet 6 Impedance and capacity equations Step 1: RT from Minor St. 9 12 r -------------•-- ------ Conflicting Flows 188 303 Potential Capacity 854 736 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 854 736 Probability of Queue free St. 0.99 0.97 ..................•--.................-•----..................---•--•---------•---............. Step 2: LT from Major St. 4 1 ............................................•-----•--•-............................•........... Conflicting Flows 213 309 Potential Capacity 1357 1252 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 1357 1252 IProbability of Queue free St. 0.99 0.98 Maj. L Shared In. Prob. Queue Free St. 0.98 0.98 ------------------------•-.....--••------•------•---...-----......................------...• • •. ' Step 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 ........................................•-•--•--••-•---..............................•••....•-- Conflicting Flows 574 594 Potential Capacity 429 418 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.97 0.97 Movement Capacity 414 403 IProbability of Queue free St. 0.99 .......................................... 0:98 --•- Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 10 Conflicting Flows 585 574 Potential Capacity 422 430 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 0.95 0.95 Maj. L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 0.96 0.96 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.93 0.96 Movement Capacity 392 ............................••-•--...........---- 412 Worksheet 8 Shared Lane Calculations Shared Lane Calculations Movement 7 8 9 II .................•. 10 11 12 ' I ............. I I I II v(vph) 28 6 4 9 I I 7 26 Movement Capacity 392 414 854 412 403 736 Shared Lane Capacity 537 .................... ....................... ..•------ .----------- *... .................. 565 Worksheet 10 delay,queue length, and LOS Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 0 v(vph) 21 18 28 10 41 C m(vph) 1252 1357 392 537 565 v/c 0.02 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.07 95% queue length Control Delay 7.9 7.7 14.9 11.8 11.9 LOS A A B B B Approach Delay 14.1 11.9 Approach LOS B B ...................•-•••...................---...............•---•••........••----...._...-•--- IWorksheet 11 Shared Major LT Impedance and Delay Rank 1 Delay Calculations Movement P of V it 'V i2 Sil S i2 P- Oj D maj left N number major st lanes Delay, rank 1 mvmts ......................................... F I 2 5 0.98 0.99 146 268 46 10 1700 1700 1700 1700 0.98 0.98 7.9 7.7 1 1 0.2 0.1 Inter: Analyst: Date: E/W St: HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.1c Route 277 & Route 522 City/St: Shenandoah CTC Proj #: 2007 Background 4/25/00 Period: AM Peak Route 277 N/S St: Route 522 Eas L T IGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY, I westbound I Northbound I L T R I L T R Southbound L T R No. Lanes 0 1 1 I 1 1 0 I 1 2 1 I 1 2 1 i LGConfi g ( LT R I L TR I L T R L T R I volume 170 211 100 175 96 42 148 336 97 159 498 80 I Lane width I 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 12.0 I RTOR Vol 1 0 I 0 I 32 I 26 Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 I 5 6 7 8 EB Left A I NB Left A A Thru A I Thru A A ' Right A ( Right A A Pegs I Peds WB Left A A SB Left A Thru A A I Thru A Right A A I Right A Peds I Peds NB Right A I EB Right SB Right I WB Right Green 10.0 40.0 14.0 40.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 All Red 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 120.0 secs Intersection Performance Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios 'Lane Group Flow Rate Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C I Eastbound Summary_ Lane Group Approach Delay LOS Delay LOS LT 558 1673 0.56 0.333 34.1 C 32.7 C R 538 1615 0.21 0.333 28.8 C Westbound L 387 0.21 0.450 21.0 C TR 816 1813 0.19 0.450 19.9 B 20.3 C ' Northbound L 409 0.13 0.483 18.1 B T 1745 3610 0.21 0.483 17.9 B 16.8 B R 969 1615 0.07 0.600 10.1 B Southbound L 336 1007 0.20 0.333 28.8 C T 1203 3610 0.46 0.333 31.8 C 31.1 C R 538 1615 0.11 0.333 27.8 C Intersection Delay = 26.2 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = C HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.1c 'Inter: Route 277 & Route 522 City/St: Shenandoah Analyst: CTC Proj #: 2007 Background Date: 4/25/00 Period: PM Peak �E/W St: Route 277 N/S St: Route 522 SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY, Eastbound westbound Northbound L T R i L T R i L T R Southbound L T R No. Lanes ( 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 j 1 2 1 1LGConfig LT R L TR L T R L T R Volume 124 97 101 191 174 56 1186 819 87 138 623 53 Lane width 1 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 12.0 I RTOR Vol 1 0 I 0 1 75 35 Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations IPhase Combination 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 EB Left A NB Left A A Thru A Thru A A Right A Right A A I Peds Peds WB Left A A SB Left A Thru A A Thru A Right A A Right A Peds Peds NB Right A EB Right SB w6 Right Right Green g 10.0 38.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 'All Red 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 120.0 secs Intersection Performance AUp pr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios ne Group Flow Rate Capacity (s) V/c g/C I Eastbound LT 547 1728 'R 511 Westbound 1615 L 496 TR 793 1831 Northbound L 390 '361 R 9965 1615 Southbound T 1233 3610 R 552 1615 Intersection Delay 0.25 0.22 0.20 0.32 0.53 0.50 0.01 0.21 0.56 0.04 = 25.2 15.0 41.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Summary Lane Group Approach Delay LOS Delay LOS 0.317 30.6 C 30.5 C 0.317 30.3 C 0.433 21.1 C 0.433 22.6 C 22.2 C 0.500 21.0 C 0.500 20.3 C 20.3 C 0.617 8.9 A 0.342 28.5 C 0.342 32.8 C 32.4 0.342 26.4 C (sec/veh) Intersection C LOS = C HCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.1c TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL(TWSC) ANALYSIS Analyst: CTC Intersection: Route 277 & Route 636 Count Date: 2007 Background Conditions Time Period: AM Peak ' Intersection Orientation: East-West Major St. Vehicle Volume Data: Movements: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 'Volume: 5 359 9 5 212 7 22 12 12 10 7 14 HFR: 6 399 10 6 236 8 24 13 13 11 8 16 PHF: 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 PHV: 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------•-- Pedestrian Volume Data: Movements: Flow: Lane width: Walk speed: % Blockage: Median Type: None # of vehicles: 0 Flared approach Movements: # of vehicles: Northbound 0 ' # of vehicles: Southbound 0 Lane usage for movements 1,2&3 approach: Lane 1 Lane 2 Lane 3 L T R L T R L T R ..............•---•----.............--------.................-•--••---•--..............--.----- Y Y Y N N N N N N Channelized: N Grade: 0.00 Lane usage for mcvements 4,5&6 approach: Lane 1 Lane 2 Lane 3 ' L T R L T R L T R ---.....-•................................•---.......--• •--•-••-----------.........---......... Y Y Y N N N N N N Channelized: N Grade: 0.00 Lane usage for movements 7,8&9 approach: Lane 1 Lane 2 Lane 3 L T R L T R L T R Y N N N Y Y N N N Channelized: N ' Grade: 0.00 Lane usage for movements 10,1 W2 approach: Lane 1 Lane 2 Lane 3 L T R L T R L T R .....................................................•--........................-•----......... Y Y Y N N N N N N Channelized: N Grade: 0.00 Data for Computing Effect of Delay to Major Street Vehicles: ... ---------- •-••---------- •-----•----••....................................................... Eastbound Westbound Shared In volume, major th vehicles: 359 212 Shared In volume, major rt vehicles: 9 7 Sat flow rate, major th vehicles: 1700 1700 Sat flow rate, major rt vehicles: 1700 1700 Number of major street through lanes: 1 1 ' Length of study period, hrs: 1.00 ' •......................•-...........---........-----.------.................... •-• •--.......... Worksheet 4 Critical Gap and Follow-up time calculation. Critical Gap Calculations: Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 .................•-•••••---.....------................--------....................•-•-•--••--•. t c,base 4.1 4.1 7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 t c,hv 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 'P by 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 t c,g 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 G 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 t 3,It 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 t c,T: 1 stage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 tc 1 stage 4.1 4.1 7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 Follow Up Time Calculations: 'Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 .................................................................................. •. •.......... t f,base 2.2 2.2 3.5 4.0 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.3 t f,HV 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 P by 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 tf 2.2 2.2 3.5 4.0 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.3 ................••--.....---.....-----•--...........................................••----••••- ' Worksheet 6 Impedance and capacity equations Step 1: RT from Minor St. 9 12 ----------------- -- ---- ------- Conflicting Flows 404 239 Potential Capacity 647 799 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 'Movement Capacity 647 799 Probability of Queue free St. 0.98 0.98 ........................ ....................................................................... Step 2: LT from Major St. 4 1 'Conflicting Flows 409 243 Potential Capacity 1150 1323 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Capacity 1150 1323 'Movement Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Maj. L Shared In. Prob. Queue Free St. 0.99 0.99 ' ............................................................................................... Step 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 ..--•............................................•--••••..........-•-••-•-----•--•••.--•_._.._. Conflicting Flows 669 671 Potential Capacity 378 378 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.99 0.99 Movement Capacity 374 Probability of Queue free St. 0.96 374 0:98 ................••--........_......-•---.....-•-•.. Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 .............................................................................. 10 ............ Conflicting Flows 677 679 Potential Capacity 367 366 Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 'Pedestrian Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 0.97 0.95 Maj. L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 0.98 0.96 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.96 0.94 'Movement Capacity 351 ....................................... ......----.._............. 345 Worksheet 8 Shared Lane Calculations Shared Lane Calculations ' Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 I ------ I I ----•-------------- I I ••----------• I I I I II I v(vph) 24 13 13 11 8 16 Movement Capacity 351 374 647 345 374 799 Shared Lane Capacity 474 476 ......--------------- ..........._......_.......................------- Worksheet 10 delay,queue length, and LOS Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 U v(vph) 6 6 24 27 34 C m(vph) 1323 1150 351 474 476 'v/c 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.06 0.07 95% queue length Control Delay 7.7 8.1 16.0 13.0 13.2 LOS A A C B B Approach Delay 14.5 13.2 Approach LOS B B . --•................................................................ . • -- •.......... •. • • _....... ' Worksheet 11 Shared Major LT Impedance and Delay Rank 1 Delay Calculations Movement .................................................................................... 2 5 P of 1.00 1.00 V i 1 359 212 i2 9 7 'V S i 1 1700 1700 S i2 1700 1700 P* Oj 0.99 0.99 D maj left 7.7 8.1 N number major st lanes 1 1 Delay, rank 1 mvmts 0.0 0.0 J 1 L� 1 ' HCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.1c TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL(TWSC) ANALYSIS Analyst: CTC Intersection: Route 277 & Route 636 Count Date: 2007 Background Conditions 'Time Period: PM Peak Intersection Orientation: East-West Major St. ' Vehicle Volume Data: Movements: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ....•••.........................................•••••••••••.................................... 19 210 46 16 387 10 25 5 4 8 6 23 'Volume: HFR: 21 233 51 18 430 11 28 6 4 9 7 26 PHF: 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 PHV: 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 ••••••••••••••••••••...•••......•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ............................... Pedestrian Volume Data: Movements: FI ow: Lane width: Walk speed: ' % Blockage: Median Type: None # of vehicles: 0 Flared approach Movements: '# of vehicles: Northbound 0 # of vehicles: Southbound 0 Lane usage for movements 1,2&3 approach: ' Lane 1 Lane 2 Lane 3 L T R L T R L T R ..................••--...........••----................•••••............---•-•-•--•............ Y Y Y N N N N N N Channelized: N Grade: 0.00 Lane usage for movements 4,5&6 approach: 1 Lane 2 Lane 3 'Lane ------....-- L...•---•----T..-----•-•...R R... L T R .............L.......--••--T Y Y Y N ............. N N N N N 'Channelized: N Grade: 0.00 ' Lane usage for movements 7,8&9 approach: Lane 1 Lane 2 Lane 3 ..............L ............. T ...............R .............. L .............. T R..••--....... .• L T R ' Y N N N Y Y Channelized: N ' Grade: 0.00 Lane usage for movements 10,11&12 approach: Lane 1 Lane 2 ..............L .............. T .......-----...R ................L ...............T R............... R... Y Y Y N N N ' Channelized: N Grade: 0.00 Data for Computing Effect of Delay to Major Street Vehicles: ..........................•----•-... •--• •--------•---•--• •--...----.......... •---.............. Eastbound Westbound Shared In volume, major th vehicles: 210 387 Shared In volume, major rt vehicles: 46 10 Sat flow rate, major th'vehicles: 1700 1700 'Sat flow rate, major rt vehicles: 1700 1700 Number of major street through lanes: 1 1 I Length of study period, hrs: 1.00 IWorksheet 4 Critical Gap and Follow-up time calculation. Critical Gap Calculations: Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 .................................•----•-•--.....................----........................... t c,base 4.1 4.1 7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 'P t c,hv by 1.0 0.02 1.0 1.0 0.02 0.02 1.0 0.02 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 t c,g 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 G 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 t 3,It 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 t c,T: 1 stage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ' tc 1 stage 4.1 4.1 7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 Follow Up Time Calculations: 'Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 .................•--••-•--••---...---.................................................----•---- t f,base 2.2 2.2 3.5 4.0 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.3 t f,HV 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 'P by 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 tf 2.2 2.2 3.5 4.0 .............•--•-----.........................----......................•-•---•-•••••-----.... 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.3 ' Worksheet 6 Impedance and capacity equations Step 1: RT from Minor St. 9 12 -----•--•• Conflicting Flows ....................----------- 259 436 Potential Capacity 780 621 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Capacity 780 621 'Movement Probability of Queue free St. 0.99 0.96 N N N Lane 3 L T R N N N ...........................................................................................•- Step 2: LT from Major St. 4 1 ' .. .......... .............•-----------.........---.....................--------------- Conflicting Flows 284 ........- 441 Potential Capacity 1278 1119 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 1278 1119 'Probability of Queue free St. 0.99 0.98 Maj. L Shared In. Prob. Queue Free St. 0.98 ...............................................•--------........---.....•--..... 0.98 --------------- ' Step 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 ............................... •-----....... --------------...-----------•--------------------•- Conflicting Flows 778 798 Capacity 328 319 'Potential Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.96 0.96 Movement Capacity 315 306 'Probability of Queue free St. 0.98 -------------------•----------------................ 0:98 .... Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 ................................•-•--...............................................---.----- 10 Conflicting Flows 788 777 Potential Capacity 309 314 Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 'Pedestrian Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 0.94 0.94 Maj. L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 0.95 0.96 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.91 0.95 1 Movement Capacity 282 ........... 299 ' Worksheet 8 Shared Lane Calculations Shared Lane Calculations Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 I I ------•-•----•----- I ------------- I I I I II I v(vph) 28 6 4 9 7 26 Movement Capacity 282 315 780 299 306 621 Shared Lane Capacity 428 443 --------------- ------- --------------------- •...... .......------------------ ------- Worksheet 10 delay,queue length, and LOS Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 ■ v(vph) 21 18 28 10 41 C m(vph) 1119 1278 282 428 443 'v/c 0.02 0.01 0.10 0.02 0.09 95% queue length Control Delay 8.3 7.9 19.1 13.6 13.9 LOS A A C B B 'Approach Delay 17.7 13.9 Approach LOS C B .....................................................•-----.......---------.........-----• -- - Worksheet 11 Shared Major LT Impedance and Delay Rank 1 Delay Calculations Movement ....... 2 5 P of 0.98 0.99 V i 1 210 387 V i2 46 10 S i 1 1700 1700 S i2 1700 1700 P* Oj 0.98 0.98 maj left 8.3 7.9 'D N number major st lanes 1 1 Delay, rank 1 mvmts 0.2 0.1 ............................................................................................... 11 IHCS. Signalized Intersections i Release 3.1c 'Inter: Route 277 & Route 522 city/St: Shenandoah Analyst: CTC Proj #: 2007 Build -out Date: 4/25/00 Period: AM Peak E/W St: Route 277 N/S St: Route 522 Eastbound L T R IGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY, westbound 1 Northbound I L T R I L T R Southbound L T R No. Lanes 1 0 1 1 j 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 j 1 2 1 1 LGConfi g 1 LT R 1 L TR i L T R 1 L T R Volume 187 245 141 1147 144 42 189 353 147 159 522 104 1 Lane width 1 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 12.0 1 RTOR Vol i 0 1 0 1 0 I 0 I Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 EB Left A 1 NB Left A A Thru A I Thru A A Right A 1 Right A A ' Peds 1 Peds WB Left A A I SB Left A ' Thru A A 1 Thru A Right A A 1 Right A Peds 1 Peds NB Right A I EB Right SB Right 1 WB Right Green 8.0 46.0 12.0 38.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 'All Red 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 120.0 secs Intersection Performance Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios 'Lane Group Flow Rate Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C I Eastbound Summary_ Lane Group Delay LOS Approach Delay LOS LT 605 1577 0.61 0.383 31.6 C 29.8 C R 601 1568 0.26 0.383 25.6 C Westbound L 379 0.43 0.483 20.4 C TR 861 1782 0.24 0.483 18.3 B 19.2 B Northbound L 342 0.29 0.450 21.5 C T 1577 3505 0.25 0.450 20.5 C 19.0 B R 862 1568 0.19 0.550 13.7 B Southbound L 304 960 0.22 0.317 30.4 C T 1110 3505 0.52 0.317 34.0 C 33.2 C R 497 1568 0.23 0.317 30.5 C Intersection Delay = 26.2 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = C HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.1c Route 277 & Route 522 City/St: Shenandoah CTC Pro,j #: 2007 Build -out 4/25/00 Period: PM Peak Route 277 N/S St: Route 522 'Inter: Analyst: Date: ' E/W St: SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY 1 Eastbound 1 westbound Northbound Southbound i I L T R I L T R I L T R 1 L T R No. Lanes j 0 1 1 j 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 LGConfi g 1 LT R 1 L TR ( L T R I L T R 1 Volume 163 174 175 1197 244 56 1260 858 203 138 658 88 1 Lane width 1 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 12.0 1 RTOR Vol 1 0 1 0 1 0 I 0 I Duration 1.00 Area Type. All other areas Signal Operations 'Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 EB Left A I NB Left A A Thru A I Thru A A ' Right A 1 Right A A Peds I Peds WB Left A A i SB Left A Thru A A 1 Thru A Right A A 1 Right A Pe I Peds NB Right A ( EB Right SB Right I WB Right Green 10.0 40.0 15.0 39.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 'All Red 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 120.0 secs Intersection Performance Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios 'Lane Group Flow Rate Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C I Eastbound summary_ Lane Group Approach Delay LOS Delay LOS LT 507 1522 0.52 0.333 33.2 C 32.2 C R 523 ' westbound 1568 0.37 0.333 30.9 C L 406 0.54 0.450 23.7 C TR 807 1793 0.41 0.450 22.6 C 23.0 C 1 Northbound L 353 0.82 0.483 38.6 D T 1694 3505 0.56 0.483 22.4 C 23.9 C R 941 1568 0.24 0.600 11.3 B Southbound L 180 554 0.23 0.325 30.2 C T 1139 3505 0.64 0.325 35.8 D 34.8 C R 510 1568 0.19 0.325 29.3 C Intersection Delay = 27.7 (sec/veh) intersection LOS = C HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.1c 1 inter: Analyst: Date: E/W St: Route 522/340& Driveway City/St: Shenandoah CTC Proj #: 2007 Build -out 4/25/00 Period: AM Peak Route 522/340 N/S St: Main Driveway No. Lanes LGConfig volume Lane width Eastbound L T R 1 0 1 L R 85 35 12.0 12.0 ALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY. Westbound Northbound L T R I L T R 1 2 0 L T 97 504 12.0 12.0 Southbound L T R 0 2 1 T R 737 73 12.0 12.0 RTOR Vol I 0 I I I 0 I Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Signal operations Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 EB Left A NB Left A A Thru Thru A A Right A J Right Peds Peds WB Left J SB Left Thru ) Thru A Right ( Right A Peds I Peds NB Right EB Right A ' SB Right P WB Right Green 36.0 Yellow 2.0 'All Red 2.0 Cycle Length: 100.0 secs Intersection Performance Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios 'Lane Group Flow Rate Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C 10.0 42.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Summary Lane Group Approach Delay LOS 'Eastbound L 631 1752 0.15 0.360 21.8 C Delay LOS 19.1 B R 784 1568 0.05 0.500 12.8 B ' westbound Northbound L 372 0.29 0.560 12.8 B T 1963 3505 0.29 0.560 11.6 B 11.8 B Southbound 1 T 1472 3505 0.56 0.420 22.4 C 20.6 C R 1286 1568 0.06 0.820 1.7 A Intersection Delay = 17.0 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = B HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.1c 'Inter: Route 522/340& Driveway City/St: Shenandoah Analyst: CTC Prol #: 2007 Build -out Date: 4/25/00 Period: PM Peak 'E/W St: Route 522/340 N/S St: Main Driveway SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY Eastbound westbound Northbound I L T R j L T R j L T R Southbound L T R No. Lanes j 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 1 LGConfig L R j L T T R j volume 1194 78 I 1142 1127 i 923 107 Lane width 112.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 1 12.0 12.0 I 'RTOR Vol j 31 j 1 1 52 Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Signal operations Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 EB Left A NB Left A A Thru Thru A A Right A j Right ' Peds Peds WB Left SB Left Thru Thru A Right Right A Peds Peds NB Right EB Right A ' SB Right P j WB Right Green 36.0 Yellow 2.0 lAll Red 2.0 Cycle Length: 100.0 secs Intersection Performance Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios ' Lane Group Flow Rate Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C 10.0 42.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Summary_ Lane Group Approach Delay LOS Delay LOS Eastbound L 631 1752 0.34 0.360 23.7 C 21.6 C 'R 784 1568 0.07 0.500 13.0 B westbound 1 Northbound L 324 0.49 0.560 15.2 B ' T 1963 3505 0.64 0.560 15.8 B 15.7 B Southbound T 1472 3505 0.70 0.420 25.3 C 23.9 C R 1286 1568 0.05 0.820 1.7 A Intersection Delav = 19.S (sec/veh) Tntersertinn ins = R HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.1c 'Inter: Route 277 & Driveway City/St: Shenandoah Analyst: CTC Proj #: 2007 Build -out Date: 4/25/00 Period: AM Peak E/W St: Route 277 N/S St: Full-Acess Driveway SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY ' I Eastbound 1 westbound ( Northbound I Southbound 1 L T R I L T R L T R i L T R No. Lanes 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 i 0 0 0 I LGConfig I T R I L T I L R I I Volume 1 406 162 196 241 1114 67 1 1 Lane width l 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 1 I ' RTOR Vol I 0 1 1 0 I I Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations 'Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 EB Left ( NB Left A Thru A 1 Thru Right A 1 Right A Peds 1 Pe WB Left A A 1 SB Left 1 Rhrht A A � Rhgrht Perk ( Peds NB Right A 1 EB Right 'SB Right 1 WB Right Green 10.0 43.0 35.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 2.0 'All Red 2.0 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 100.0 secs Intersection Performance Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group Flow Rate Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C Eastbound Summary Lane Group Approach Delay LOS Delay LOS T 793 1845 0.57 0.430 22.5 C 21.4 C 674 1568 0.27 0.430 18.6 B 'R westbound L 454 0.24 0.570 12.1 B T 1052 1845 0.25 0.570 10.9 B 11.3 B Northbound L 613 1752 0.21 0.350 22.9 C 19.5 B ' R 768 1568 0.10 0.490 13.7 B Southbound Intersection Delay = 17.9 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = B HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.1c 'Inter: Route 277 & Driveway City/St: Shenandoah Analyst: CTC Proj #: 2007 Build -out Date: 4/25/00 Period: PM Peak ' E/W St: Route 277 N/S St: Full -Aces Driveway Si( ' I Eastbound L T R ;NALIZED INTERSEt Westbound L T R MON SUMMARY Northbound L T R Southbound L T R No. Lanes 1 0 1 1 i 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 LGConfig I T R I L T I L R ( I volume 1 257 240 1141 451 1263 155 1 Lane width i 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 1 RTOR Vol 1 0 1 1 0 I I Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 EB Left 1 NB Left A Thru A 1 Thru ' Right A 1 Right A Peds 1 Peds WB Left A A 1 SB Left ' Thru A A I Thru Pedst RiPedst NB Right A 1 EB Right 'SB Right 1 WB Right Green 10.0 43.0 35.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 2.0 All Red 2.0 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 100.0 secs Intersection Performance Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group Flow Rate Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C I Eastbound Summary Lane Group Approach Delay LOS Delay LOS T 793 1845 0.36 0.430 19.5 B 19.7 B 674 1568 0.40 0.430 20.0- B 'R westbound L 553 0.28 0.570 11.5 B T 1052 1845 0.48 0.570 13.0 B 12.7 B ' Northbound L 613 1752 0.48 0.350 25.9 C 21.8 C R 768 1568 0.22 0.490 14.8 B Southbound Intersection Delay = 17.5 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = B HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.1c Inter: Route 277 & Route 636 City/St: Shenandoah Analyst: CTC Proj #: 2007 Build -out Date: 4/27/00 Period: AM Peak ' E/W St: Route 277 N/S St: Route 636 1 Eastbound L T R IGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY westboundi Northbound LR L d Conditions Southbound L T R No. Lanes 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 LGConfig LTR LTR L TR ( LTR volume i5 546 13 15 343 7 125 12 12 110 7 14 Lane width 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 1 12.0 RTOR Vol ( 0 0 1 0 0 Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations !Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 EB Left A NB Left A Thru A Thru A Ri ght A Right A ' Peds Peds WB Left A SB Left A ' Thru A ( Thru A Right A Right A Peds Peds NB Right EB SB Right WB Right Green 60.0 Yellow 2.0 'All Red 2.0 Cycle Length: 100.0 secs Intersection Performance Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group Flow Rate Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C 32.0 2.0 2.0 Summary — Lane Group Delay LOS Approach Delay LOS Eastbound LTR 989 1649 0.63 0.600 14.3 B 14.3 B westbound LTR 986 1643 0.40 0.600 10.8 B 10.8 B Northbound L 434 1355 0.06 0.320 23.7 C TR 546 1706 0.05 0.320 23.5 C 23.6 C Southbound LTR 468 1464 0.07 0.320 23.8 C 23.8 C Intersection Delay = 13.8 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = B 1 'Inter: Route 277 Analyst: CTC Date: 4/27/00 E/W St: Route 277 No. Lanes LGConfig Volume Lane width RTOR Vol HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.1c & Route 636 City/st: Shenandoah Prol #: 2007 Build -out Conditions Period: PM Peak N/S St: Route 636 Eastbound L T R 0 1 0 LTR 19 485 52 12.0 [a] IGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY, westbound Northbound I L T R I L T R 0 1 0 LTR 16 688 10 12.0 0 1 1 0 L TR 33 5 4 12.0 12.0 0 Southbound L T R 0 1 0 LTR 8 6 23 12.0 0 Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 I 5 6 7 8 EB Left A I NB Left A Thru A I Thru A ' Right A ( Right A Peds I Peds WB Left A I SB Left A Thru A Thru A 1 Right A I Right A Peds I Peds NB Right I EB Right SB Right I WB Right Green 60.0 32.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 'All Red 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 100.0 secs Intersection Performance summary_ Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group 'Lane Group Flow Rate Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C Delay LOS Approach Delay LOS Eastbound LTR 949 1581 0.65 0.600 14.7 B 14.7 B westbound LTR 977 1628 0.81 0.600 21.1 C 21.1 C ' Northbound L 431 1346 0.09 0.320 23.9 C TR 555 1734 0.02 0.320 23.3 C 23.7 C Southbound ' LTR 466 1456 0.09 0.320 23.9 C 23.9 C Intersection Delay = 18.6 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = B 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A Traffic Impact Analysis of Shenandoah located in Frederick County, Virginia prepared for Dogwood Development Group 11800 Sunrise Valley Drive Suite 925 Reston, Virginia 20191 prepared by: AMA k Patton Harris Rust & Associates, pc 14532 Lee Road Chantilly, Virginia 20151-1679 March 22, 2001 I IOVERVIEW 1 1 [i 1-1 Report Summary Shenandoah is an approved residential/commercial development located in Frederick County, Virginia with some parcels in Warren and Clarke Counties. The development is now proposed as an active adult home community within the approved zoning on the land when it was approved as "Wheatlands". The site exists on the west side of Route 522/340 and south of Route 277. A traffic study was performed for the original rezoning, A Traffic Impact Analysis of Wheadands A Proposed Mixed Use Development in Frederick County, Virginia, by Callow Associates, Inc. dated October 1990. After consultation with the Staunton office of the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT), it was decided that the original study needed to be updated analyzing the changed uses with current traffic counts and forecasts. This report by Callow Transportation Consulting (CTC) addresses the proposed land uses with any coinciding transportation improvements and compares the trip generation with the approved land uses evaluated in the original study in 1990. This report was prepared following discussions with VDOT and the applicant. Primary access to Shenandoah will be via a spine road located along Route 522/340. The location of this point of access has been moved northward and is in Clarke County. There will also be a right -in -right -out south of the primary road. Route 277 will also have access points with a site driveway and via Route 636 as originally approved. The newest version of the highway capacity software (HCS) program, HCS 3.2, was used for analysis. The proposed Shenandoah development includes 1780 detached active adult units (includes 100 CCRC units), 650 attached active adult units, 100 congregate care units (includes only CCRC units), 140,000 square feet of retail, a church, a library, office space of 100,000 square feet and a post office all to be completed by the year 2007. EXISTING CONDITIONS CTC conducted manual traffic counts at the Double Tollgate intersection of Routes 522/340/277 in order to obtain current traffic conditions as well as a growth rate in traffic from the counts made in 1990. Traffic counts at the intersection of Route 277 and Route 636 were adjusted for through volumes on Route 277 since there has been no change in land use since 1990 on Route 636. Traffic on the existing access road to Lake Frederick was estimated. The traffic counts are included in the Appendix section of this report. Figure 1 shows existing (2001) ADT (Average Daily Trips) and A.M. and P.M peak hour traffic volumes at each of the analyzed intersections. ADT was calculated by assuming that the P.M. peak hour is 10 percent of ADT. Figure 2 illustrates all respective lane geometry and A.M. and P.M peak hour levels of service. A detailed description of level of service is found in the Appendix section of this report. Traffic Impact Analysis of the Shenandoah March 22, 2001 Page 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 A 1 1 1 1 M b o No Scale n 7(10 . _ ) f7 (-19)S 147(421) 44W `�► 5(16) (46i9 AL 20(70) «� 63(213) 64(114) (24)24 l (70)189 ur _ .ONE (62)95 mm% 00 o~o�v�Oi v "d. O, �o 'v 1 M1 SITE �N 0 Right In/Out Driy_ew N w O O a AM(PM) T1T TTIP.# - rrm"A & Figure 1 Existing Traffic Conditions 3-15-01 Unsignalized Intersection Signalized o4te2>7 U Intersection (<4)4 Mf A(A) v LOS — QQ JUL B(C) 111 r dl SITE Driv_ewaV _ - AM(PM) * Denotes Critical Movement (unsignalized) TT TT1.P-A No Scale Figure 2 Existing Lane Geometry and Level of Service 3-15-01 1 IMETHODOLOGY The traffic impacts for Shenandoah were established through a sequence of activities as the narratives that follow document: • Assessment of background traffic using a growth rate derived from the 1990 and 2000 ' counts, • Calculation of trip generation for Shenandoah, • Distribution and assignment of Shenandoah generated trips onto the completed road network, • Analysis of capacity and level of service using HCS 3.2. 2007 BACKGROUND TRAFFIC ' The existing traffic volumes were increased to account for area growth through Year 2007. CTC determined that the average growth rate in for this part of Frederick 1 County has been at a compound growth rate of five percent (5%) per year. Figure 3 shows 2007 background ADT (Average Daily Trips) and A.M. and P.M peak hour traffic volumes at key intersections within the road network surrounding Shenandoah. Figure 4 shows the respective 2007 background lane geometry and A.M. and P.M peak hour levels of service. A detailed description of level of service is found in the Appendix section of this report. SHENANDOAH TRIP GENERATION A The automobile trips produced by and attracted to this Shenandoah site were established using ITE Trip Generation Manual, 6th Edition rates. Table 1 shows the trip generation results for the Shenandoah development as well as for the original Wheatlands approved development. The proposed Shenandoah land uses will produce considerably less traffic than the approved Wheatlands development. The ADT trips will decrease by 40 percent. The A.M. and P.M. peak hours will reduce by 48 and 36 percent respectively. The developers of Shenandoah are going to provide pedestrian and golf cart trails throughout the community as well as connect to areas outside of the community such as the shopping to the west of Shenandoah and the golf courses to the south and east of the community. These should reduce automobile trips even further than those in Table 1. Trips could reduce as much as 25 percent over the calculated trips; however, no additional reductions were made in order to keep the analysis conservative. Traffic Impact Analysis of the Shenandoah March 22, 2001 Page 4 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M �,► 00) ^" 0 09.0 �"„ 2l2(6p4) N � �9 *,***—A S(16)�� 28(98) tip AL 4� 89(300) 90(160) (34)34 3� (98)266 (87)134 4' to ON C to oo t- eq O •r � 't Dr'v wa SITE Minn% N N N N O �;�ght In/Out Driveway TT TT1 Pa No Scale A AM(PM) Figure 3 2007 Background Traffic Conditions 3-15-01 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 Unsignalized Intersection C� t� (A)A A(A) � SITE Signalized U Intersection v LOS = C(C) C . 04 U dl *(C)C < pit 0 N Q R?ht Ig�Out Driveway_____ AM(PM) * Denotes Critical Movement (unsignalized) inr T"V4 No Scale —1 111 l—T-x Figure 4 2007 Background Lane Geometry and Level of Service 3-15-01 1 r U 1 I U I Table 1 Shenandoah vs. Wheatlands Trin Generation Summary Proposed Shenandoah AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour Code Land Use Amount In Out Total In Out Total ADT Frederick County 251 Elderly Detached' 1,640 units 114 203 317 199 112 312 3,115 253 Elderly Attached` 450 units 20 12 32 27 18 45 1,566 560 Church 10,000 SF 4 3 7 4 3 7 91 590 Library 10,000 SF 6 2 8 35 38 72 743 710 Office 100,000 SF 164 22 186 33 159 191 1.327 732 United States Post Off. 10,000 SF 42 38 80 55 53 108 1,082 820 Retail 140,000 SF 119 76 195 376 408 784 8,463 Clarke County 251 Elderly Detached 140 units 18 31 49 56 32 88 882 252 Congregate Care 100 units 4 2 6 10 7 17 215 253 Elderl Attached5 200 units 9 5 14 12 8 20 696 Total Shenandoah Trips 498 396 894 806 838 1,644 18,181 A Rroved Wheatlands AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour Code Land Use Amount In Out Total In Out Total ADT 210 Single Family Detach 1,313 units 232 696 929 699 393 1,093 13,130 220 Apartment 232 units 19 100 119 97 48 144 1,525 230 Townhouse/Condo 527 units 32 158 190 163 80 243 4,585 560 Church 10,000 SF 4 3 7 4 3 7 91 590 Library 10,000 SF 6 2 8 35 38 72 743 710 Office 112,000 SF 180 24 204 35 170 205 1,448 732 U. S. Post Office 10,000 SF 42 38 80 55 53 108 1,082 820 Retail 121.000 SF 109 70 179 342 370 712 7,706 Total Wheatlands Trips 623 1,092 1,716 1,428 1,155 2,583 30,309 Shenandoah minus Wheatlands Trips -125 -696 -822 -622 -317 -939 -12,128 'Land use includes 65-foot/55-foot wide lots and duplex units (Frederick County only). `Land use includes townhouses and garden apartments (Frederick County only). 3 Land use includes 40 65-foot wide lots and 100 CCRC units (Clarke County only). 4 Land use includes 100 CCRC units (Clarke County only). 5 Land use includes 200 garden apartments units (Clarke County only). Traffic Impact Analysis of the Shenandoah March 22, 2001 Page 7 1 ITRIP DISTRIBUTION AND TRIP ASSIGNMENT The distribution of trips was based upon local travel patterns for the road network surrounding the Shenandoah site. Figure 5 represents the trip distribution percentages into and out of the Shenandoah development. Figure 6 shows the development -generated trips assigned onto the local road network surrounding Shenandoah. 1 2007 TRAFFIC IMPACTS Shenandoah assigned trips (Figure 6) were added to the 2007 background (Figure f3) traffic. Figure 7 shows 2007 build -out ADT (Average Daily Trips) and A.M. and P.M peak hour traffic volumes at key intersections within the road network surrounding Shenandoah. Figure 8 shows the respective 2007 build -out lane geometry and A.M. and P.M peak hour levels of service. A detailed description of level of service is found in the Appendix section of this report. i CONCLUSION The traffic impacts associated with the Shenandoah development are acceptable and manageable. All intersections maintain acceptable overall levels of service `C' or better for 2007 build -out conditions. The required transportation improvements remain consistent with those shown in the Wheatlands 1990 study. 1 I Traffic Impact Analysis of the Shenandoah March 22, 2001 Page 8 lJ 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 TT -9-"QI 1 -1 111 ui`l ,L Figure 5 Development Trip Distribution Percentages 3-15-01 1 No Scale '00 ft ft -, 1-1 (2 tqftw 139(293) In n 40�S ♦� 40(84) eq eq 100(161) AL ♦� 50(81) o (20 )1 0 �► 75 121 . 2)125 ( ) (42)20 ■1 3 N (84)40 lit o (123)70 mm% ^N In `�'NON O p ite DrivewaMAIN t (251)119 mono (84)40 SITE _ N N N b `. 00 Oa, Un..r In Ri ht In/Out Drivewa x (84)40 N N O A AM(PM) Il on I- - rrmn "'t. Figure 6 Development -Generated Trip Assignments 3-15-01 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n� 7(10 (4 (19) vte 2>> 1r� 351( 97) 89)S86 �i%► S06) �� n n (8�3Q 100(16) �■ 1399381 (300)48q ( ) N (202 IL �� 165 281 (76)54 moo* a (182)306 �► ur 0 0^0 (210)204 mm% tn N �o b � O pp SITE TT T7"1P_.1 ivewav 252)120 �••� j (85)41 o� M G b � n R O a Jewav (84)40 a N N No Scale G AM(PM) —1 1ILL l-Ti & Figure 7 2007 Build -Out Traffic Conditions 3-15-01 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Signalized Intersection LOS = C(B) U C.� Signalized o Intersection Signalized �te27j C LOS = B(B) U Intersection (IN1 (B� U LOS = C(C) i B(B) UL B(C) )r (C)C M4 U SITE TT TT1Q-A if Signalized Intersection LOS = B(B) )tt =m N N 0 0"%I t t No Scale AM(PM) Figure 8 2007 Build -out Lane Geometry and Level of Service 3-15-01 1 1 �J APPENDIX 1 L' 1 1 1 I 1 I r �I 1 �J I I it Intersection: E-W: IRT 277 Weather Dry File Name P:\PROJECTU0801\i-O\Exce1\RT340522.x1s N-S: RT 522 Count By I JJP Input By JJP Location VA Count Date 2-20-01 15 Minute EB: RT 277 WB: ROUTE 340 NB: RT 522 SB: RT 522 15 Min. Period N.S. Period Begining Left Thru Right Total Left Thru Right Total Left Thru Right Total Left Thru Right Total E & W Beeininz , 7:00 3 48 28 79 12 10 4 26 14 60 27 101 9 73 4 86 292 7:00 7:15 3 55 22 80 15 11 4 30 13 64 24 101 11 72 6 89 300 7:15 7:30 4 50 21 75 14 15 7 36 17 89 26 132 12 87 6 105 348 7:30 7:45 6 53 20 79 14 19 6 39 23 100 25 148 11 104 5 120 386 7:45 8:00 7 44 28 79 22 13 3 38 17 88 19 124 8 86 6 100 341 8:00 8:15 7 42 26 75 14 16 4 34 14 80 16 110 7 72 8 87 306 8; 15 8:30 8 36 26 70 15 12 4 31 15 71 16 102 8 66 12 86 289 8:30 8:45 9 32 24 65 12 12 5 29 17 65 12 94 8 65 10 83 271 8:45 A.M. Total 47 360 195 602 118 108 37 263 1 130 617 165 912 74 625 57 756 2533 A.M.Tota 16:00 6 22 22 50 29 42 10 81 23 93 13 129 5 34 9 48 308 16:00 16:15 5 16 20 41 24 44 11 79 28 92 12 132 6 40 8 54 306 16:15 16:30 6 18 24 48 26 52 14 92 32 99 11 142 6 48 9 63 345 16:30 16:45 7 24 26 57 31 50 17 98 36 106 10 152 5 76 12 93 400 16:45 17:00 6 24 20 50 32 59 18 109 44 122 14 180 6 89 16 111 450 17:00 17:15 6 18 16 40 28 58 20 106 47 117 16 180 4 105 14 123 449 17:15 17:30 7 14 14 35 30 52 17 99 48 129 14 191 5 111 12 128 453 17:30 17:45 5 14 12 31 24 44 15 83 42 122 12 176 4 115 11 130 420 17:45 P.M.Total 48 150 154 352 224 401 122 747�1 300 880 102 1282 41 618 91 750 3131 P.M.Tota 1 Hour EB: RT 277 WB: ROUTE 340 NB: RT 522 SB: RT 522 1 Hour Period N,S, Period Begining Left Thru Right Total Left Thru . Right Total Left Thru Right Total Left Thru Right Total E & W Begininc 7:00 16 206 91 313 55 55 21 131 67 313 102 482 43 336 21 400 1326 7:00 7:15 20 202 91 313 65 58 20 143 70 341 94 505 42 349 23 414 1375 7:15 7:30 24 189 95 308 64 63 20 147 71 357 86 514 38 349 25 412 1381 7:30 7:45 28 175 100 303 65 60 17 142 69 339 76 484 34 328 31 393 1322 7:45 8:00 31 154 104 289 63 53 16 132 63 304 63 430 31 289 36 356 1207 8:00 16:00 24 80 92 196 110 188 52 350 119 390 46 555 22 198 38 258 1359 16:00 16:15 24 82 90 196 113 205 60 378 140 419 47 606 23 253 45 321 1501 16:15 16:30 25 84 86 195 117 219 69 405 159 444 51 654 21 318 51 390 1644 16:30 16:45 26 80 76 182 121 219 72 412 175 474 54 703 20 381 54 455 1752 16:45 17:00 24 70 62 156 114 213 70 397 181 490 56 727 19 420 53 492 1772 17:00 1 Hour EB: RT 277 WB: ROUTE 340 NB: RT 522 SB: RT 522 1 Hour Period N,S, Period Begining Left Thru Right Total Left Thru Right Total Left Thru Right Total Left Thru Right Total E & W1 Begining 7:30 24 189 95 308 64 63 20 147 71 357 86 514 38 349 25 412 1381 1 7:30 A.M. Peak PHF = 0.97 PHF = 0.94 PHF = 0.87 PHF = 0.86 0.89 A.M. Peak 17:00 24 70 62 156 114 213 70 397 181 490 56 727 19 420 53 492 1772 17:00 P.M. Peak PHF = 0.78 PHF = 0.91 PHF = 0.95 PHF = 0.95 0.98 P.M. Peak I Intersection: E-W: RT 277 Weather Dn• File Name P:\PROJECT\10801V-O�Excel\RT340522.xls N-S: RT 522 Count By JJP Input By JJP Locationl VA Count Date 2-20--01 ' RT 522 A.M. PEAK HOUR 7:30 - 8:30 j 412 (29%) 401 25 3149 38 LROUTE 340 � 159 --- L (17%) 24 20 ' 308 189 95 63 64 147 (17%) 313 RT 277 ' 71 357 86 508I (37%) 514t RT 522 RT 522 P.M. PEAK HOUR 17:00 - 18:00 492 (30%) 584 53 420 19 JL ' 4-- 447 (17%) 24 —+ L 70 ROUTE 340 156 ---► 70 213 397 62 114 (15%) 145 ' RT 277 ' 181 490 56 596 I (37%) 727t RT 522 Distribution To Perc East 15.97% West 16.96% North 29.90% South 37,17°/Q 1 100% IVOLUME COUNTING PR._QCGRAM Channel Number I, Location Code 522NB Date 2/27/01 Real Time 1458 Start Time 1500 Sample Time 15 Divide 2 Summation NO ' 2-Way NO Operator Number 11 Machine Number 7 J MITRON STSTFKS CORPORATION - NSC3000 PAGH I ' 2/27/01 0100 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 p860 0900 1000 LIDO 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 QQ 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 240 ' 588 636 690 493 289 213 191 167 130 142 164 172 155 83 59 56 36 36 140 154 187 125 64 52 62 31 33 176 1.60 163 115 72 44 43 44 35 ' 130 158 168 98 70 58 30 56 26 2/28/01 O.I00 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 Y400 115 122 70 80 123 260 442 587 480 477 391 406 433 460 510 S42 656 663 464 341 210 178 206 122 ' 47 16 21 24 Z1 51 104 156 107 115 96 131 114 92 122 139 1866 142 12S 105 51 61 54 41 41 23 17 18 30 51 105 118 120 112 102 96 119 126 142 103 179 185 127 76 57 37 63 23 9 51 13 17 33 65 120 176 126 124 98 83 102 131 117 177 164 168 116 91 48 S3 48 37 ' 18 32 19 21 39 93 113 137 127 126 95 96 98 Ill 129 123 127 168 96 69 54 27 41 21 3/1/61 0100 0290 0300 0400 0500 06900 0700 0800 0900 1000 LIDO 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 29_OQ 2400 78 148 94 86 125 157 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 23 36 15 22 27 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ' 8 21 42 30 22 59 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 68 10 15 36 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 23 27 19 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0_ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ' 3/2/Ol 0100 0206 0}00 0480 0500 0600 0700 0900 0900 1000 LIDO 1260 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 1304 2400 ' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 u Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTALS 3397 TOtA1,S 8338 TOTALS 691 TOTALS 0 Zd WUZZ:90 100Z S0 'apW REZ102PEOL : 'ON 3NOHd 31NU-1d NtiHit*40f : W083 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 N13 PAGE 2 3/3/01 0100 0200 0300 0300 0500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 � 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 TOTALS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 k1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MOVIE 24 HOOK TOTAL SAMPLE - CBANK91, 41 1600- 8353 1700- 8307 1800- 8327 1900- 8300 2000- 8271 2100- 8323 2200- 8320 2300- 8307 2400- 8348 0100- 8338 0200- 8301 0300- 8327 0400- 8351 0500- $357 0600- 8359 0700- 8256 0800- 7814 0900- 7227 1000- 6747 1100- 6270 1200- 5879 1300- 6473 1460- 5041 1500- 4581 Channel 1 Traffic Check -sum O.K. £d WUZZ:90 1OOZ SO '"eW ££Z1:0£t'£0L : 'ON dNOHd 31Nd-ld NUH101NOf : W0�!W ' VOLUME COUNTING PROGRAM MI TRONSYSTEMS COHORATION - MSC3000 PAGE 1 ' Channel Number i Location Code 522SB Date 2/27/01 Real Time 1510 ' Start Time 1600 Sample Time 15 Divide 2 Summation NO 2-Way . NO Operator Number 11 Machine Number 8 ' 2/27/01 00100 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 OBQQ 0900 1000 1160 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 I800 1900 Z000 2100 2200 230U 2400 TOTALS ' 701 614 461 360 295 216 152 147 2946 142 143 99 86 68 49 52 43 159 !00 139 103 87 86 48 39 ' 189 153 118 92 12 48 24 27 211 128 106 79 68 53 28 38 ' 2/28/01 0100 0200 0300 0400 0500 06H 0700 001 0900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1660 1700 1800 1900 20600 2100 2200 2300 2400 TOTALS ' 104 67 74 72 111 111 311 111 111 111 314 395 424 40S 499 594 649 665 398 308 319 233 178 135 7904 37 24 15 17 25 51 58 110 95 92 113 103 99 97 118 115 148 171 90 80 71 58 47 46 22 21 13 15 21 61 11.3 i25 122 97 99 113 111 93 118 156 173 185 119 73 82 64 48 43 23 16 18 21 30 49 103 103 100 83 100 91 88 95 128 150 160 158 106 74 88 42 50 26 22 6 28 19 33 62 112 150. 109 97 82 88 126 120 135 173 168 141 83 81 78 69 33 20 0100 9200 0300 U00 OS00 0600 0700 ¢$00 0900 1000 11110 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 l9()0 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 T,.OTALS 103 69 67 92 119 217 396 531 463 381 367 399 466 463 503 SS5 105 697 482 361 254 253 178 139 8260 ' 40 17 16 23 16 52 93 119 126 89 98 104 132 121 120 128 172 171 135 ill 73 61 57 38 29 23 20 29 32 66 95 118 117 94 96 90 94 106 136 128 168 196 124 101 66 69 46 38 21 9 20 17 42 58 108 129 131 89 91 108 121 11.0 135 165 185 187 122 82 65 68 43 18 ' 13 20 11 23 29 41 100, 165 89 109 82 97 119 126 112 134 180 143 101 67 50 55 32 45 3/2/01 ' 0100 0200 0300 0400 0600 0600 0700 0600 0900 100Q 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 Z106 2300.2300, 2400 TOTALS 66 77 65 81 84 192 466 463 421 339 47) 444 503 495 528 671 698 665 $36 413 384 341 239 184 8767 21 26 12 16 14 43 67 92 95 61 114 80 122 116 103 164 164 157 164 106 08 76 65 S4 I1 9 17 15 16 44 89 122 101 76 115 117 128 139 142 163 194 FIT 131 121 112 105 70 SS 20 15 8 32 18 58 121 117 105 97 120 122 141 In 140 165 166 152 141 102 95 92 57 40 N 27 28 18 36 47 129 132 120 1.05 1 22 125 112 121 143 180 174 139 100 64 89 68 47 35 Dd WOZZ:90 T00Z S0 -ApW ££ZT02PEOL : 'ON 3NOHd 31Nti-ld NdH1bt4of : W02i3 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <;'j PACE 2 3/3/01 0110 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 TOTALS 114 72 49 61 65 98 142 218 ,311 417 485 480 123 2635 27 25 12 15 21 25 31 35 62 113 98 124 123 30 12 9 22 13 27 44 51 64 104 116 123 28 23 13 11 12 25 30 70 75 107 151 120 29 12 15 12 19 21 37 62 I19 93 TO 113 MOVING 24 ROOR TOTAL SAMPLE - CUNNEL 11 1700- T975 1800- 7923 1900- 7964 2000- 7901 2100- 7849 2200- 7873 2300- 7890 2400- 7916 0100- 7904 8200- 7903 0300- 7905 0400- 7898 0500- 7918 0600- 7928 0700- 7922 0800- 7932 0900- 7975 1000- 8012 1100- 8024 1200- 7997 1300- 8001 1400- 8043 1500- 8101 1600- 8105 Channel 1 Traffic Check-su>0 O.K. Sd WUt7Z:90 100Z SO 'apW £2ZT0Zt7E0L : 'ON 3NOHd 31NUld NtiHlbNOf : W083 J INTERSECTION CAPACITY ANALYSIS and ' LEVEL OF SERVICE The most current analysis methodologies used for evaluating the capacity of intersections were developed by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) in conjunction with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and other members of the transportation profession. This methodology is represented in TRB Special Report Number 209, The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). Computerized methods for conducting these analyses were developed by FHWA; and are the methods used in this report. The following brief explanations of the methodologies are adapted from the HCM. UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS - TWSC At an unsignalized two-way stop -controlled (TWSC) intersection, the major street has continuous right of way while the side street is controlled by a stop sign or yield sign. In operation, vehicles exiting the side street and crossing or turning into the main street flow must wait for "acceptable gaps" in the main street flow. The same is true of left -turning traffic from the main street that must cross the opposing flow. ' The analysis takes into account the probability of a gap in the main street traffic. The probability and number of acceptable gaps is lower in higher volume flows. The acceptability of a gap is modified by physical factors (sight distance, turning radius, etc.) and by characteristics of the traffic flow (percentage trucks, buses, etc.). In the analysis in these reports, all default values suggested by the HCM were used unless additional information was available. These defaults include the estimated percentage of trucks (single unit and tractor -trailer), buses and motorcycles. ' The level of service for TWSC intersections is determined only for individual movements - not for the intersection as a whole. The total delay is defined as the total elapsed time from when a vehicle stops at the end of the queue until the vehicle departs from the stop line; this time includes the time required for the vehicle to travel from the last -in -queue position to the first -in -queue position. SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS The operation (and therefore the capacity) of a signalized intersection is complicated by the fact that the signal is allocating time between conflicting traffic movements - movements that must use the same physical space. The analysis, therefore, must not only look at the physical geometry of the intersection, but the signal timing aspects as well. In the analysis of signalized intersections, two terms are important: volume to capacity ratio (v/c) and; average stopped delay (seconds per vehicle). The theoretical capacity is based on the physical geometry, the available green time (often expressed as G/C), and the traffic mix (e.g. trucks use more capacity than cars). The average stopped delay may be calculated from the v/c ratio, cycle length, quality of progression on the arterial and available green time on each approach. In this report all the default values recommended by the HCM are used unless other specific information is available (percentage of trucks, pedestrians, etc.). Existing signal timings are observed and used whenever possible. When future signals are being evaluated, an "optional" signal timing is calculated based on projected volumes. The level of service is based on the calculated average delay per vehicle for each approach and for the intersection as a whole. Based on extensive research studies, the maximum delay acceptable by the average driver is sixty seconds per vehicle at a signalized intersection. This is defined as the ' upper limit on the possible range of delay/level of service criteria. The following criteria describe the full range of level of service: I� I I 1 U I I 11 11 LEVEL OF SERVICE DESCRIPTIONS FOR SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS Level of Service Description A Level of Service A describes operations with very low delay, up to 10 sec per vehicle. This level of service occurs when progression is extremely favorable, and most vehicles arrive during the green phase. Most vehicles do not stop at all. Short cycle lengths may also contribute to low delay. B Level of Service B describes operations with delay greater than 10 and up to 20 sec per vehicle. This level generally occurs with good progression, short cycle lengths, or both. More vehicles stop than for LOS A, causing higher levels of average delay. C Level Of Service C describes operations with delay greater than 20 and up to 35 sec per vehicle. These higher delays may result from fair progression, longer cycle lengths, or both. Individual cycle failures may begin to appear in this level. The number of vehicles stopping is significant at this level, though many still pass though the intersection without stopping. D Level of Service D describes operations with delay greater than 35 and up to 55 sec per vehicle. At level D. the influence of congestion becomes more noticeable. Longer delays may result from some combination of unfavorable progression, longer cycle lengths, or high v/c ratios. Many vehicles stop, and the proportion of vehicles not stopping declines. Individual cycle failures are noticeable. E Level of Service E describes operations with delay greater than 55 and up to 80 sec per vehicle. This level is considered by many agencies to be the limit of acceptable delay. These high delay values generally indicate poor progression, long cycle lengths, and high v/c ratios. Individual cycle failures are frequent occurrences. F Level of Service F describes operations with delay in excess of 80 sec per vehicle. This level, considered to be unacceptable to most drivers, often occurs with over saturation, that is, when arrival flow rates exceed the capacity of the intersection. It may also occur at high v/c ratios below 1.0 with many individual cycle failures. Poor progression and cycle lengths may also be major contributing causes to such delay levels. 1 HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 Inter: Route 277 & Route 522 City/St: Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA Proj #: Existing Conditions Date: 3/15/01 Period: AM Peak E/W St: Route 277 N/S St: Route 522 SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound L T R L T R I L T R L T R t No. Lanes 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 1 1 2 1 LGConfig LT R LTR L T R L T R Volume 124 189 95 164 63 20 171 357 86 138 349 25 Lane Width 1 12.0 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 12.0 RTOR Vol 1 0 0 1 23 1 19 Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 EB Left A NB Left A A Thru A Thru A A Right A Right A A 'Peds Peds WB Left A A SB Left A Thru A A Thru A Right A A I Right A Peds Peds NB Right A EB Right SB Right WB Right Green 10.0 45.0 14.0 35.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 All Red 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 120.0 secs 0 Intersection Performance Summary_ Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group Lane Group Flow Rate Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C Delay LOS Eastbound iLT ` 662 1765 0.36 0.375 27.4 C R 588 1568 0.18 0.375 25.3 C Westbound LTR/ 710 1444 0.23 0.492 17.6 B Northbound L 444 0.18 0.442 20.3 C T 1548 R 875 3505 1568 0.26 0.08 0.442 0.558 21.2 12.3 C B Southbound Approach Delay LOS 26.8 C 17.6 B 19.9 B L 279 955 0.15 0.292 31.7 C T 1022 3505 0.38 0.292 34.1 C 33.8 C R 457 1568 0.02 0.292 30.3 C Intersection Delay = 25.3 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = C HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 Phone: E-Mail. Intersection: City/State: Analyst: Project No: Time Period Analyzed: Date: East/West Street Name: North/South Street Name: 11 1 Fax: OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS Route 277 & Route 522 Shenandoah PHRA Existing Conditions AM Peak 3/15/01 Route 277 Route 522 1 Eastbound L T R VOLUME DATA Westbound L T R Volume 124 189 95 164 63 20 PHF 10.90 0.90 0.90 10.90 0.90 0.90 PK 15 Vol (7 53 26 ",-1 18 18 6 Hi Ln Vol % Grade 0 1 0 Ideal Sat 1900 1900 1 1900 ParkExist NumPark % Heavy Veh13 3 3 No. Lanes 1 0 1 1 LGConfig I LT R Lane Width 12.0 12.0 RTOR Vol I 0 Adj Flow 237 106 I%InSharedLnI Prop Turns 10.11 NumPeds NumBus 1 0 %RightsInProtPhase Duration 1.00 0 0 Area 3 3 3 0 1 0 LTR 12.0 0 163 0.44 0.13 0 0 0 'ype: All other Northbound Southbound L T R L T R 138 71 357 86 349 25 0.90 0.90 0.90 10.90 0.90 0.90 20 99 24 Ill 97 7 0 1 1 0 1900 1900 1900 11900 1900 1900 3 3 3 1 2 1 L T R 12.0 12.0 12.0 23 79 397 70 0 0 0 0 0 .reas 3 3 3 1 2 1 L T R 12.0 12.0 12.0 19 42 388 7 0 0 0 0 0 Eastbound L T R Init Unmet 0.0 0.0 Arriv. Type 3 3 Unit Ext. 3.0 3.0 I Factor 1.000 Lost Time 2.0 2.0 Ext of g 2.0 2.0 Ped Min g 3.0 1 Phase Combination 1 2 EB Left A Thru A 1 Right A Peds WB Left A A Thru A A Right A A 1 Peds NB Right A SB Right iGreen 10.0 45.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 All Red 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 120.0 secs OPERATING PARAMETERS Westbound Northbound L T R I L T R 3 0.0 3 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 3.0 PHASE DATA 4 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 3 3 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 Southbound L T R 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 3 3 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 5 6 7 8 NB Left A A Thru A A Right A A Peds SB Left A Thru A Right A Peds EB Right WB Right 14.0 35.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 VOLUME ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Adjusted Prop. Prop. Appr./ Mvt Flow No. Lane Flow Rate Left Right Movement Volume PHF Rate Lanes Group RTOR In Lane Grp Turns Turns ' Eastbound Left 24 0.90 2'70 Thru 189 0.90 210 1 LT 237 0.11 Right 95 0.90 106 1 R 0 106 Westbound Left 64 0.90 71 0 Thru 63 0.90 70 1 LTR 163 0.44 0.13 Right 20 0.90 22 0 0 Northbound Left 71 0.90 79 1 L 79 Thru 357 0.90 397 2 T 397 Right 86 0.90 70 1 R 23 70 Southbound ' Left 38 0.90 42 1 L 42 Thru 349 0.90 388 2 T 388 Right 25 0.90 7 1 R 19 7 * Value entered by user. SATURATION FLOW ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Appr/ Ideal Lane Sat f f f f f f f f f Group Flow W HV G P BB A LU RT LT Eastbound Sec LT Adj/LT-Sat: LT 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 1.000 0.957 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Westbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: LTR 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.882 0.888 Northbound Sec LT Adj/LTSat: 0.369 - L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.950 T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 0.95 1.000 1.000 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Southbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: 1 L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 ---- 0.518 T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 0.95 1.000 1.000 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Adj Sat Flow 1765 1568 1444 680 1752 3505 1568 955 3505 1568 CAPACITY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET Adj Adj Sat Flow Green --Lane Group- - Appr/ Lane Flow Rate Flow Rate Ratio Ratio Capacity v/c Mvmt Group (v) (s) (v/s) (g/C) (c). Ratio Eastbound ' Pri. Sec. Left Thru LT 237 ' Right R 106 Westbound Pri. Sec. Left Thru LTR Right 163 Northbound Pri. 79 ' Sec. 0 Left L 79 Thru T 397 Right R 70 Southbound Pri. ' Sec. Left L 42 Thru T 388 Right R 7 Lost Time/Cycle, L = 12.00 sec 1765 0.13 0.375 662 0.36 1568 0.07 0.375 588 0.18 0.392 1444 # 0.11 0.492 710 0.23 1752 # 0.05 0.133 234 0.34 680 0.00 0.308 210 0.00 0.442 444 0.18 3505 0.11 0.442 1548 0.26 1568 0.04 0.558 875 0.08 955 0.04 0.292 279 0.15 3505 # 0.11 0.292 1022 0.38 1568 0.00 0.292 457 0.02 Sum (v/s) critical = 0.27 Critical v/c(X) = 0.30 LEVEL OF SERVICE WORKSHEET Appr/ Ratios Unf Prog Lane Incremental Res Lane Group Approach Lane Del Adj Grp Factor Del Del ' Grp v/c g/C di Fact Cap k d2 d3 Delay LOS Delay LOS Eastbound LT 0.36 0.375 27.1 1.OU0 662 0.11 0.3 0.0 27.4 C 26.8 C R 0.18 0.375 25.1 1.000 588 0.11 0.1 0.0 25.3 C Westbound LTR 0.23 0.492 17.5 1.000 710 0.11 0.2 0.0 17.6 B 17.6 B ' Northbound L 0.18 0.442 20.1 1.000 444 0.11 0.2 0.0 20.3 C T 0.26 0.442 21.1 1.000 1548 0.11 0.1 0.0 21.2 C 19.9 B R 0.08 0.558 12.3 1.000 875 0.11 0.0 0.0 12.3 B Southbound L 0.15 T 0.38 0.292 0.292 31.5 33.9 1.000 1.000 279 1022 0.11 0.11 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 31.7 34.1 C C 33.8 C R 0.02 0.292 30.2 1.000 457 0.11 0.0 0.0 30.3 C ' Intersection Delay = 25.3 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = C 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for exclusive lefts APPROACH EB WB NB SB Cycle Length, C 120.0 sec 'Actual Green Time for Lane Group, G 53.0 35.0 Effective Green Time for Lane Group, g 37.0 35.0 Opposing Effective Green Time, go 35.0 53.0 of Lanes in Lane Group, N 1 1 'Number Number of Opposing Lanes, No 2 2 Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt 79 42 Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto 0.00 0.00 Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo 388 397 Lost Time for Lane Group, tl 4.00 4.00 'Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo 2.63 6.81 1.40 6.96 Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) 1.00 1.00 gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) 0.0 0.71 0.0 0.56 gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) 10.88 0.00 gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf 26.12 35.00 'n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 5.44 0.00 Ptho=1-Plto 1.00 1.00 P1*=Plt [l+{ (N-1)g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4.24) }] 1.00 1.00 'Ell (Figure 9-7) 1.91 1.93 E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 1.00 1.00 fmin=2 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 'gdiff=max(gq-gf,0) fm=[gf/g]+[gu/g] [1/{l+Pl(Ell-1))], (min=fmin;max=1.00) 0.37 0.52 flt=fm= [gf/g] +gdiff [1/{l+Plt (E12-1) }] + [gu/g] [l/ (l+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1. 0) or flt= [fm+0. 91 (N-1) ] /N** fit 0.369 0.518 For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If P1>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>l, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach ' or when gf>gq, see text. I ' SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for shared lefts APPROACH EB WB NB SB Cycle Length, C 120.0 sec Green Time for Lane Group, G 45.0 'Actual Effective Green Time for Lane Group, g 45.0 Opposing Effective Green Time, go 59.0 of Lanes in Lane Group, N 1 'Number Number of Opposing Lanes, No 1 Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt 27 Proportion of Left Turns in Lane Group, Plt 0.11 Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto 0.44 Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo 163 'Lost Time for Lane Group, tl Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 4.00 0.90 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo 5.43 Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) 1.00 ' gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g 16.1 Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) 0.51 gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) 0.00 'gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf 28.88 n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 0.00 Ptho=1-Plto 0.56 'P1*=Plt [l+((N-1)g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4.24)) ) 0.11 Ell (Figure 9-7) 1.63 E12=(l-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 1.00 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g 0.05 'fmin=2 gdiff=max(gq-gf,0) 0.00 fm=[gf/g]+[gu/g] [l/(1+P1(Ell-1)}], (min=fmin;max=1.00) 0.96 flt=fm= [gf/g] +gdiff [l/{l+Plt (E12-1) }] + [gu/g] [l/ (1+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1.0) or flt= [fm+0. 91 (N-1) ] /N** flt Primary 0.957 For special case ofsingle-lane p c approach opposed by multilane approach, 'see text. * If P1>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>l, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. ' For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. 11 SUPPLEMENTAL UNIFORM DELAY WORKSHEET Adj. LT Vol from Vol Adjustment Worksheet, v v/c ratio from Capacity Worksheet, X 'Primary phase effective green, g Secondary phase effective'g-reen, gq (From Supplemental Permitted LT Worksheet), gu Cycle length, C 120.0 Red=(C-g-gq-gu), r Arrivals: v/(3600(max(X,1.0))), qa Primary ph. departures: s/3600, sp 'Secondary ph. departures: s(gq+gu)/(gu*3600), ss XPerm XProt XCase Queue at beginning of green arrow, Qa Queue at beginning of unsaturated green, Qu 'Residual queue, Qr Uniform Delay, di Appr/ Lane Group EBLT WBLT DELAY/LOS WORKSHEET WITH INITIAL QUEUE NBLT SBLT 79 0.18 16.0 10.88 26.12 67.0 0.02 0.487 0.27 0.12 0.23 1 1.47 0.24 0.00 20.1 Initial Dur. Uniform Delay Initial Final Initial Lane Unmet Unmet Queue Unmet Queue Group Demand Demand Unadj. Adj. Param. Demand Delay Delay Q veh t hrs. ds di sec u Q veh d3 sec d sec ' Eastbound Westbound ' Northbound Southbound Intersection Delay 25.3 sec/veh L Intersection LOS C I No errors to report. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ERROR MESSAGES HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 ' Inter: Route 277 & Route 522 City/St: Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA Proj #: Existing Conditions Date: 3/15/01 Period: PM Peak E/W St: Route 277 N/S St: Route 522 SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY ' No. Lanes Eastbound L T R Westbound I L T R Northbound I L T R Southbound I L T R 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 1 1 2 1 LGConfig LT R ( LTR L T R L T R Volume 124 70 62 1114 213 70 1181 490 56 119 420 53 Lane Width 12.0 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 12.0 RTOR Vol 0 0 32 I 12 Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ' EB Left A NB Left A A Thru A Thru A A Right A Right A A 'Peds Peds WB Left A A SB Left A Thru A A Thru A Right A A I Right A Peds Peds NB Right A EB Right 'SB Right WB Right Green 10.0 45.0 14.0 35.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Red 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 'All Cycle Length: 120.0 secs M 'Intersection Performance Summary_ Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group Lane Group Flow Rate Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C Delay LOS Eastbound ' ` LT 589 1571 0.18 0.375 25.3 R 588 1568 0.12 0.375 24.6 ' Westbound LTR 748 1521 0.59 0.492 23.1 ' Northbound L 409 0.49 0.442 23.0 'T 1548 R 875 3505 1568 0.35 0.03 0.442 0.558 22.3 11.9 Southbound C C Approach Delay LOS 25.0 C C 23.1 C C C 22.1 C B 241 828 0.09 0.292 31.0 C 'L T 1022 3505' 0.46 0.292 35.1 D 34.6 C R 457 1568 0.10 0.292 31.1 C Intersection Delay = 26.1 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = C ■ HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 Phone: Fax: ' E-Mail: OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS Route 277 & Route 522 'Intersection: City/State: Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA 'Project No: Time Period Analyzed: Existing Conditions PM Peak Date: 3/15/01 East/West Street Name: Route 277 ' North/South Street Name: Route 522 ■ Volume PHF ' PK 15 Vol Hi Ln Vol Grade '% Ideal Sat 3 3 3 0 1 1 LT R 12.0 12.0 0 105 69 '%InSharedLni Prop Turns 10.26 NumPeds 'NumBus 0 %RightsInProtPhase Duration 1.00 Eastbound L T R �24 70 62 �0.90 0.90 0.90 �7 19 17 0 1900 1900 ParkExist 'NumPark % Ifeavy Veh l No. Lanes LGConf ig ' Lane Width RTOR Vol Adj Flow VOLUME DATA Westbound L T R I 1114 213 70 10.90 0.90 0.90 132 59 19 0 1900 13 3 3 0 1 0 LTR 12.0 0 442 10.29 0.18 1 0 0 0 0 0 Area Type: All other Northbound L T R 181 490 56 0.90 0.90 0.90 50 136 16 0 1900 1900 1900 3 3 3 1 2 1 L T R 12.0 12.0 12.0 32 201 544 27 0 0 0 0 0 Lreas Southbound L T R 19 420 53 0.90 0.90 0.90 5 117 15 0 1900 1900 1900 3 3 3 1 2 1 L T R 12.0 12.0 12.0 12 21 467 46 0 0 0 0 0 Eastbound L T R Init Unmet 0.0 0.0 Type 3 3 'Arriv. Unit Ext. 3.0 3.0 ", I Factor 1.000 Time 2.0 2.0 SLost Ext of g 2.0 2.0 Ped Min g 3.0 ' Phase Combination 1 2 EB Left A Thru A Right A Peds WB Left A A Thru A A Right A A ' Peds NB Right A SB Right rGreen 10.0 45.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 All Red 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 120.0 secs OPERATING PARAP Westbound L T R 0.0 3 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 3.0 PHASE DATA +IETERS Northbound L T R 0.0 0.,0 0.0 3 3 3 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3 4 I 5 NB Left A Thru A Right A Peds SB Left Thru Right Peds EB Right WB Right 6 A A 14.0 35.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Southbound L T R 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 3 3 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 7 8 i VOLUME ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Adjusted Prop. Prop. Appr./ Mvt Flow No. Lane Flow Rate Left Right Movement Volume PHF Rate Lanes Group RTOR In Lane Grp Turns Turns Eastbound Left 24 0.90 27 0 Thru 70 0.90 78 1 LT 105 0.26 Right 62 0.90 69 1 R 0 69 Westbound Left 114 0.90 127 0 Thru 213 0.90 237 1 LTR 442 0.29 0.18 Right 70 0.90 78 0 0 Northbound Left 181 0.90 201 1 L 201 Thru 490 0.90 544 2 T 544 Right 56 0.90 27 1 R 32 27 Southbound Left 19 0.90 21 1 L 21 Thru 420 0.90 467 2 T 467 Right 53 0.90 46 1 R 12 46 * Value entered by user. SATURATION FLOW ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Appr/ Ideal Lane Sat f f f f f f f f f Group Flow W HV G P BB A LU RT LT Eastbound Sec LT Adj/LT-Sat: LT 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 1.000 0.852 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Westbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: LTR 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.876 0_941 Northbound Sec LT Adj/LTSat: 0.308 - L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.950 T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 0.95 1.000 1.000 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Southbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 ---- 0.449 T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 0.95 1.000 1.000 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Adj Sat Flow 1571 1568 1521 568 1752 3505 1568 828 3505 1568 CAPACITY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET Adj Adj Sat Flow Green --Lane Group-- Appr/ Lane Flow Rate Flow Rate Ratio Ratio Capacity v/c Mvmt Group (v) (s) (v/s) (g/C) (c) Ratio Eastbound Pri. Sec. Left Thru LT 105 Right R 69 Westbound Pri. Sec. Left Thru LTR 442 Right Northbound Pri. Sec. 201 0 Left L 201 Thru T 544 Right R 27 Southbound Pri. Sec. Left L 21 Thru T 467 Right R 46 Lost Time/Cycle, L = 12.00 sec 1571 0.07 0.375 589 0.18 1568 0.04 0.375 588 0.12 0.392 1521 # 0.29 0.492 748 0.59 1752 # 0.11 0.133 234 0.86 568 0.00 0.308 175 0.00 0.442 409 0.49 3505 0.16 0.442 1548 0.35 1568 0.02 0.558 875 0.03 828 0.03 0.292 241 0.09 3505 # 0.13 0.292 1022 0.46 1568 0.03 0.292 457 0.10 Sum (v/s) critical = 0.54 Critical v/c(X) = 0.60 LEVEL OF SERVICE WORKSHEET Appr/ Ratios Unf Prog Lane Incremental Res Lane Group Approach Lane Del Adj Grp Factor Del Del Grp v/c g/C dl Fact Cap k d2 d3 Delay LOS Delay LOS Eastbound LT 0.18 0.375 25.1 1.000 589 0.11 0.1 0.0 25.3 C 25.0 C R 0.12 0.375 24.5 1.000 588 0.11 0.1 0.0 24.6 C Westbound LTR 0.59 0.492 21.9 1.000 748 0.18 1.3 0.0 23.1 C 23.1 C Northbound L 0.49 0.442 22.1 1.000 409 0.11 0.9 0.0 23.0 C T 0.35 R 0.03 0.442 0.558 22.1 11.9 1.000 1.000 1548 875 0.11 0.11 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.3 11.9 C B 22.1 C Southbound L 0.09 0.292 30.9 1.000 241 0.11 0.2 0.0 31.0 C T 0.46 0.292 34.7 1.000 1022 0.11 0.3 0.0 35.1 D 34.6 C R 0.10 0.292 31.0 1.000 457 0.11 0.1 0.0 31.1 C Intersection Delay = 26.1 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = C 1 SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for exclusive lefts APPROACH EB WB NB SB Cycle Length, C 120.0 sec Actual Green Time for Lane Group, G 53.0 35.0 Effective Green Time for Lane Group, g 37.0 35.0 Opposing Effective Green Time, go 35.0 53.0 Number of Lanes in Lane Group, N 1 1 Number of Opposing Lanes, No 2 2 Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt 201 21 Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto 0.00 0.00 Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo 467 544 Lost Time for Lame Group, tl 4.00 4.00 Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo 6.70 8.19 0.70 9.54 Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) 1.00 1.00 gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g 0.0 0.0 Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) 0.71 0.56 gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) 13.44 0.00 gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf 23.56 35.00 n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 6.72 0.00 Ptho=1-Plto 1.00 1.00 P1*=Plt [l+{ (N-1)g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4.24) }] 1.00 1.00 Ell (Figure 9-7) 2.07 2.23 E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 1.00 1.00 fmin=2 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g 0.11 0.11 gdiff=max(gq-gf,0) 0.00 0.00 fm=[gf/g]+[gu/g] [1/{1+P1(Ell-1))], (min=fmin;max=1.00) 0.31 0.45 flt=fm= [gf/g] +gdiff [1/{l+Plt (E12-1) }] + [gu/g] [l/ (l+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1.0) or flt= [fm+0. 91 (N-1) ] /N** fit 0.308 0.449 For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If P1>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>l, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. 1-1 1 1 u F-1,� 1 11 SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for shared lefts APPROACH EB Cycle Length, C 120.0 sec Actual Green Time for Lane Group, G 45.0 Effective Green Time for Lane Group, g 45.0 Opposing Effective Green Time, go 59.0 Number of Lanes in Lane Group, N 1 Number of Opposing Lanes, No 1 Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt 27 Proportion of Left Turns in Lane Group, Plt 0.26 Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto 0.29 Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo 442 Lost Time for Lane Group, tl 4.00 Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 0.90 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo 14.73 Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) 1.00 gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g 16.1 Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) 0.51 gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) 0.73 gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf 28.88 n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 0.00 Ptho=1-Plto 0.71 P1*=Plt [l+{ (N-1) g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4 .24)) ) 0.26 Ell (Figure 9-7) 2.17 E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 1.00 fmin=2 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g 0.06 gdiff=max(gq-gf,0) 0.00 fm=[gf/g]+[gu/g] [l/{1+P1(Ell-1))], (min=fmin;max=1.00) 0.85 flt=fm= [gf/g] +gdiff [1/{l+Plt (E12-1) }] WB NB SB + [gu/g] [1/ (1+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1.0) or flt= [fm+0. 91 (N-1) ] /N** flt Primary 0.852 For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If P1>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>l, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. I I SUPPLEMENTAL UNIFORM DELAY WORKSHEET Adj. LT Vol from Vol Adjustment Worksheet, v v/c ratio from Capacity Worksheet, X Primary phase effective green, g Secondary phase effective green, gq (From Supplemental Permitted LT Worksheet), gu Cycle length, C 120.0 Red=(C-g-gq-gu), r Arrivals: v/(3600(max(X,1.0))), qa Primary ph. departures: s/3600, sp Secondary ph. departures: s(gq+gu)/(gu*3600), ss XPerm XProt XCase Queue at beginning of green arrow, Qa Queue at beginning of unsaturated green, Qu Residual queue, Qr Uniform Delay, dl EBLT WBLT NBLT 201 0.49 16.0 13.44 23.56 67.0 0.06 0.487 0.25 0.35 0.60 1 3.74 0.75 0.00 22.1 DELAY/LOS WORKSHEET WITH INITIAL QUEUE Initial Dur. Appr/ Unmet Unmet Lane Demand Demand Group Q veh t hrs. Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound Uniform Delay Initial Final Queue Unmet Unadj. Adj. Param. Demand ds di sec u Q veh Initial Lane Queue Group Delay Delay d3 sec d sec Intersection Delay 26.1 sec/veh Intersection LOS C SBLT 1 No errors to report. t I I 1 ERROR MESSAGES 1 IHCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.2 1 fl 1 I 1 t TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY Intersection: Route 277 & Route 636 Analyst: PHRA Project No.: AM Peak Date: Existing Conditions East/West Street: Route 277 North/South Street: Route 636 Intersection Orientation: EW Study period (hrs): 1.00 Major Street: Approach Movement 1 L T Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Eastbound Westbound 2 3 4 5 6 R L T R Volume 5 286 5 147 Hourly Flow Rate, HFR 5 317 5 163 Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 -- -- 3 -- -- Median Type Undivided RT Channelized? Lanes 0 1 0 1 Configuration LTR LTR Upstream Signal? No No Minor Street: Approach Northbound Southbound Movement 7 8 9 1 10 11 12 L T R L T R Volume 22 Hourly Flow Rate, HFR Percent Heavy Vehicles Percent Grade (%) Median Storage 1 Flared Approach: Exists? No No Storage RT Channelized? Lanes 1 1 0 0 1 0 Configuration L TR LTR 12 12 12 10 7 14 11 7 3 3 3 0 15 Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Approach EB WB Northbound Southbound Movement 1 4 1 7 8 9 1 10 11 12 Lane Config LTR LTR I L TR I LTR v (vph) 5 5 24 26 33 C(m)(vph) 1401 1227 449 560 577 v/c 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.06 95% queue length 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.05 Control Delay 7.6 7.9 13.5 11.7 11.6 LOS A A B B B Approach Delay 12.6 11.6 Approach LOS B B IHCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.2 1 Phone: Fax: E-Mail: TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL(TWSC) ANALYSIS, Intersection: Route 277 & Route 636 City/State: Analyst: PHRA Project No.: AM Peak Time period Analyzed: Date: Existing Conditions East/West Street: Route 277 North/South Street: Route 636 Intersection Orientation: EW Major Street Movements L T Study period (hrs): 1.00 _Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments 1 2 3 4 5 6 R L T R Volume 5 286 5 147 Peak -Hour Factor, PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 Peak-15 Minute Volume 1 79 1 41 Hourly Flow Rate, HFR 5 317 5 163 Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 -- -- 3 -- -- Median Type Undivided RT Channelized? Lanes 0 1 0 1 Configuration LTR LTR Upstream Signal? No No Minor Street Movements 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R Volume 22 Peak Hour Factor, PHF Peak-15 Minute Volume Hourly Flow Rate, HFR Percent Heavy Vehicles Percent Grade (%) Median Storage 1 Flared Approach: Exists? Storage RT Channelized? Lanes 1 1 12 12 10 7 14 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 6 3 3 3 2 4 24 13 13 11 7 15 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 No No 0 0 1 0 IConfiguration L TR LTR IMovements Flow (ped/hr) Lane Width (ft) Walking Speed (ft/sec) Percent Blockage _Pedestrian Volumes and Adjustments 13 14 15 16 0 0 0 0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 0 0 0 0 Upstream Signal Data Prog. Sat Arrival Green Cycle Prog. Distance Flow Flow Type Time Length Speed to Signal vph vph sec sec mph feet S2 Left -Turn Through S5 Left -Turn Through Worksheet 3-Data for Computing Effect of Delay to Major Street Vehicles Movement 2 Movement 5 Shared In volume, major th vehicles: 317 163 Shared In volume, major rt vehicles: 10 7 Sat flow rate, major th vehicles: 1700 1700 Sat flow rate, major rt vehicles: 1700 1700 Number of major street through lanes: 1 1 1 Worksheet 4-Critical Gap and Follow-up Time Calculation Critical Gap Calculation Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R t(c,base) 4.1 4.1 7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 t(c,hv) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 P(hv) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 t(c,g) 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 Grade/100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 t(3,lt) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 t(c,T): 1-stage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2-stage 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 t(c) 1-stage 4.1 4.1 7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 2-stage 4.1 4.1 6.1 5.5 6.2 6.1 5.5 6.2 IFollow -Up Time Calculations Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R t(f,base) 2.20 2.20 3.50 4.00 3.30 3.50 4.00 3.30 t(f,HV) 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 P(HV) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 t(f) 2.2 2.2 3.5 4.0 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.3 IWorksheet 5-Effect of Upstream Signals Computation 1-Queue Clearance Time at Upstream Signal Movement 2 Movement 5 V(t) V(I,prot) V(t) V(I,prot) V prog Total Saturation Flow Rate, s (vph) Arrival Type Effective Green, g (sec) Cycle Length, C (sec) Rp (from table 9-2) Proportion vehicles arriving on green P g(q1) g(q2) 9(q) Computation 2-Proportion of TWSC Intersection Time blocked Movement 2 Movement 5 V(t) V(I,prot) V(t) V(I,prot) alpha beta Travel time, t(a) (sec) Smoothing Factor, F Proportion of conflicting flow, f Max platooned flow, V(c,max) Min platooned flow, V(c,min) Duration of blocked period, t(p) Proportion time blocked, p 0.000 Computation 3-Platoon Event Periods Result p(2) 0.000 p(5) 0.000 p(dom) p(subo) Constrained or unconstrained? rroportion unblocked (1) for minor Single -stage movements, p(x) Process PO) RM (2) (3) Two -Stage Process Stage I Stage II 1 P(9) PO 0) PO 1) P(12) Computation 4 and 5 Single -Stage Process Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R V c,x 170 327 520 512 322 521 513 166 s Px V c,u,x C r,x C plat,x Two -Stage Process 7 8 10 11 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 V(c,x) 332 188 332 180 176 345 176 337 s 1700 1700 1700 1700 P(x) V(c,U,x) C(r,x) C(plat,x) Worksheet 6-Impedance and Capacity Equations Step 1: RT from Minor St. 9 12 Conflicting Flows 322 166 Potential Capacity 717 876 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 717 876 Probability of Queue free St. 0.98 0.98 Step 2: LT from Major St. 4 1 Conflicting Flows 327 170 Potential Capacity 1227 1401 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity Probability of Queue free St. 1227 1.00 1401 1.00 Maj L-Shared Prob Q free St. 1.00 1.00 Step 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 1 Conflicting Flows 512 513 Potential Capacity 464 463 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.99 0.99 Movement Capacity 460 459 Probability of Queue free St. 0.97 0.98 Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 10 Conflicting Flows 520 521 Potential Capacity 465 464 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 0.98 0.96 Maj. L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 0.98 0.97 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.96 0.95 Movement Capacity 449 443 Worksheet 7-Computation of the Effect of Two -stage Gap Acceptance Step 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 Part 1 - First Stage Conflicting Flows 332 176 Potential Capacity 643 752 1 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 640 749 Probability of Queue free St. 0.98 0.99 Part 2 - Second Stage Conflicting Flows 180 337 Potential Capacity 749 639 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 746 636 Part 3 - Single Stage Conflicting Flows 512 513 Potential Capacity 464 463 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.99 0.99 Movement Capacity 460 459 Result for 2 stage process: a 0.00 0.00 iy 0.00 0.00 C t 460 459 Probability of Queue free St. 0.97 0.98 Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 10 Part 1 - First Stage Conflicting Flows 332 176 Potential Capacity 679 823 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 676 819 Part 2 - Second Stage Conflicting Flows 188 345 Potential Capacity 811 668 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.97 0.96 Movement Capacity 786 640 Part 3 - Single Stage Conflicting Flows 520 521 Potential Capacity 465 464 1 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 0.98 0.96 Maj. L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 0.98 0.97 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.96 0.95 Movement Capacity 449 443 Results for Two -stage process: a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 C t 449 443 ' Worksheet 8-Shared Lane Calculations Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R Volume (vph) 24 13 13 11 7 15 Movement Capacity (vph) 449 460 717 443 459 876 Shared Lane Capacity (vph) 560 577 Worksheet 9-Computation of Effect of Flared Minor Street Approaches Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R C sep 449 460 717 443 459 876 Volume 24 13 13 11 7 15 Delay Q sep Q sep +1 1 round (Qsep +1) n max C sh 560 577 SUM C sep n C act Worksheet 10-Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 ' Lane Config LTR LTR L TR LTR r v (vph) 5 5 24 26 33 C(m)(vph) 1401 1227 449 560 577 v/c 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.06 95% queue length 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.05 Control Delay 7.6 7.9 13.5 11.7 11.6 LOS A A B B B Approach Delay 12.6 11.6 Approach LOS B B 1. Worksheet 11-Shared Major LT Impedance and Delay Movement 2 Movement 5 p(oj) 1.00 1.00 v(il), Volume for stream 2 or 5 317 v(i2), Volume for stream 3 or 6 10 s(il), Saturation flow rate for stream 2 or 5 1700 s(i2), Saturation flow rate for stream 3 or 6 1700 P*(oj) 1.00 1.00 d(M,LT), Delay for stream 1 or 4 7.6 N, Number of major street through lanes 1 d(rank,1) Delay for stream 2 or 5 0.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 163 7 1700 1700 7.9 1 0.0 HCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.2 TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY Intersection: Route 277 & Route 636 Analyst: PHRA Project No.: PM Peak Date: Existing Conditions East/West Street: Route 277 1 North/South Street: Route 636 Intersection Orientation: EW Study period (hrs): 1.00 ■ Major Street: Approach Movement 1 Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Eastbound Westbound 2 3 1 4 5 6 I L T R I L T R Volume 19 144 Flow Rate, HFR 21 'Hourly Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 Median Type Undivided RT Channelized? Lanes 0 1 Configuration LTR 1 Upstream Signal? No 16 421 160 17 467 0 1 LTR No Minor Street: Approach Northbound Southbound 1 Movement 7 8 9 1 10 11 12 L T R I L T R Volume 25 5 4 8 6 23 Hourly Flow Rate, HFR 27 5 4 8 6 25 Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 3 3 3 3 3 iPercent Grade (%) 0 0 Median Storage 1 Flared Approach: Exists? No No Storage RT Channelized? Lanes 1 1 0 0 1 0 ' Configuration L TR LTR Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Approach EB WB Northbound Southbound Movement 1 4 1 7 8 9 1 10 11 12 Lane Config LTR LTR I L TR I LTR v (vph) 21 17 27 9 39 C(m)(vph) 1079 1354 299 454 452 v/c 0.02 0.01 0.09 0.02 0.09 95% queue length 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.22 Control Delay 8.4 7.7 18.2 13.1 13.7 LOS A A C B B Approach Delay 16.9 13.7 Approach LOS C B 1 � I 1 HCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.2 1 Phone: Fax: ' E-Mail: TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL(TWSC) ANALYSIS 1 Intersection: Route 27.7 & Route 636 City/State: 1 Analyst: PHRA Project No.: PM Peak Time period Analyzed: Date: Existing Conditions East/West Street: Route 277 North/South Street: Route 636 Intersection Orientation: EW I Major Street Movements L T Study period (hrs): 1.00 _Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments, 1 2 3 4 5 6 R L T R 'Volume 19 144 16 421 Peak -Hour Factor, PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 Peak-15 Minute Volume 5 40 4 117 Hourly Flow Rate, HFR 21 160 17 467 Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 -- 3 -- Median Type Undivided 'RT Channelized? Lanes 0 1 0 1 Configuration LTR LTR ' Upstream Signal? No No Minor Street Movements 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R Volume 25 Peak Hour Factor, PHF Peak-15 Minute Volume Hourly Flow Rate, HFR Percent Heavy Vehicles Percent Grade (%) Median Storage 1 Flared Approach: Exists? Storage RT Channelized? Lanes 1 1 5 4 8 6 23 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 7 1 1 2 2 6 27 5 4 8 6 25 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 No No 0 0 1 0 I Configuration L TR LTR 'Pedestrian Volumes and Adjustments Movements 13 14 15 16 'Flow (ped/hr) 0 0 0 0 Lane Width (ft) 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Walking Speed (ft/sec) 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Percent Blockage 0 0 0 0 1 Upstream Signal Data Prog. Sat Arrival Green Cycle Prog. Distance Flow Flow Type Time Length Speed to Signal ' vph vph sec sec mph feet S2 Left -Turn 'Through S5 Left -Turn Through Worksheet 3-Data for Computing Effect of Delay to Major Street Vehicles ' Movement 2 Movement 5 'Shared In volume, major th vehicles: 160 467 Shared In volume, major rt vehicles: 51 11 Sat flow rate, major th vehicles: 1700 1700 Sat flow rate, major rt vehicles: 1700 1700 Number of major street through lanes: 1 1 ' Worksheet 4-Critical Gap and Follow-up Time Calculation Critical Gap Calculation Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R t(c,base) 4.1 4.1 7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 t(c,hv) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 'P(hv) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 t(c,g) 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 Grade/100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 t(3,lt) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 t(c,T): 1-stage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2-stage 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1 t(c) 1-stage 4.1 4.1 7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 2-stage 4.1 4.1 6.1 5.5 6.2 6.1 5.5 6.2 'Follow -Up Time Calculations Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R I t(f,base) 2.20 2.20 3.50 4.00 3.30 3.50 t(f,HV) 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 P(HV) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ' t(f) 2.2 2.2 3.5 4.0 3.3 3.5 4.0 4.00 3.30 0.90 0.90 3.3 Worksheet 5-Effect of Upstream Signals Computation 1-Queue Clearance Time at Upstream Signal ' Movement 2 Movement 5 V(t) V(I,pr.ot) V(t) V(I,prot) 1 1 1 V prog Total Saturation Flow Rate, s (vph) Arrival Type Effective Green, g (sec) Cycle Length, C (sec) Rp (from table 9-2) Proportion vehicles arriving on green P 9(q1) g(q2) g(q) Computation 2-Proportion of TWSC Intersection Time blocked Movement 2 Movement 5 V(t) V(I,prot) V(t) V(I,prot) alpha beta Travel time, t(a) (sec) 'Smoothing Factor, F Proportion of conflicting flow, f Max platooned flow, V(c,max) Min platooned flow, V(c,min) Duration of blocked period, t(p) Proportion time blocked, p 0.000 1 Computation 3-Platoon Event Periods Result 'p(2) 0.000 p(5) 0.000 p(dom) 'p(subo) Constrained or unconstrained? 1 Proportion unblocked (1) for minor Single -stage 1 movements, p(x) Process PO) (2) (3) Two -Stage Process Stage I Stage II I P(9) p0 (1) p(12) ' Computation 4 and 5 Single -Stage Process Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 ' L L L T R L T R V c,x 478 211 750 740 186 738 759 472 s Px V c,u,x C r,x C plat,x Two -Stage Process 7 8 10 11 1 Stagel Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 228 522 228 512 506 232 506 253 'V(c,x) s 1700 1700 1700 1700 P(x) ' V(c,u,x) C(r,x) C(plat,x) Worksheet 6-Impedance and Capacity Equations Step 1: RT from Minor St. 9 12 Conflicting Flows 186 472 Potential Capacity 854 590 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 854 590 Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 0.96 Step 2: LT from Major St. 4 1 Flows 211 478 'Conflicting Potential Capacity 1354 1079 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 1354 1079 Probability of Queue free St. 0.99 0.98 Maj L-Shared Prob Q free St. 0.98 0.98 ' Step 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 Flows 740 759 'Conflicting Potential Capacity 343 335 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 ' Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.96 0.96 'Movement Capacity 330 322 Probability of Queue free St. 0.98 0.98 Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 10 Conflicting Flows 750 738 'Potential Capacity 326 332 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 0.94 0.95 Maj. L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 0.96 0.96 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.92 0.95 Movement Capacity 299 317 Worksheet 7-Computation of the Effect of Two -stage Gap Acceptance ' Step 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 'Part 1 - First Stage Conflicting Flows 228 506 Potential Capacity 714 538 'Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.98 0.98 Movement Capacity 698 529 ' Probability of Queue free St. 0.99 0.99 Part 2 - Second Stage Conflicting Flows 512 253 Potential Capacity 535 696 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.98 0.98 Movement Capacity 526 681 Part 3 - Single Stage Conflicting Flows 740 759 Potential Capacity 343 335 'Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.96 0.96 Movement Capacity 330 322 Result for 2 stage process: a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 'y C t 330 322 Probability of Queue free St. 0.98 0.98 Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 10 'rart i - rust otage Conflicting Flows 228 506 Potential Capacity 772 547 'Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.98 ' 0.98 Movement Capacity 755 537 Part 2 - Second Stage Conflicting Flows 522 232 Potential Capacity 536 769 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.93 0.97 Movement Capacity 499 743 ' Part 3 - Single Stage Conflicting Flows 750 738 'Potential Capacity 326 332 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 0.94 0.95 'Maj. L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 0.96 0.96 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.92 0.95 Movement Capacity 299 317 ' Results for Two -stage process: a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 C t 299 317 ' Worksheet 8-Shared Lane Calculations ' Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R Volume (vph) 27 5 4 8 6 25 Movement Capacity (vph) 299 330 854 317 322 590 Shared Lane Capacity (vph) 454 452 Worksheet 9-Computation of Effect of Flared Minor Street Approaches ' Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R C sep 299 330 854 317 322 590 Volume 27 5 4 8 6 25 Delay Q sep Q sep +1 ' round (Qsep +1) n max C sh 454 452 SUM C sep n C act ' Worksheet 10-Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lane Config LTR LTR L TR LTR ■ v (vph) 21 17 27 9 39 C(m)(vph) 1079 1354 299 454 452 'v/c 0.02 0.01 0.09 0.02 0.09 95% queue length 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.22 Control Delay 8.4 7.7 18.2 13.1 13.7 LOS A A C B B Approach Delay 16.9 13.7 Approach LOS C B 1 Worksheet 11-Shared Major LT Impedance and Delay ■ Movement 2 Movement 5 0.98 0.99 'p(oj) v(il), Volume for stream 2 or 5 160 467 v(i2), Volume for stream 3 or 6 51 11 Saturation flow rate for stream 2 or 5 1700 1700 's(il), s(i2), Saturation flow rate for stream 3 or 6 1700 1700 P*(oj) 0.98 0.98 Delay for stream 1 or 4 8.4 7.7 'd(M,LT), N, Number of major street through lanes 1 1 d(rank,1) Delay for stream 2 or 5 0.2 0.1 ■ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 HCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.2 'TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY Intersection: Existing Driveway & Route 522 Analyst: PHRA 'Project No.: AM Peak Date: Existing Conditions East/West Street: Existing Driveway 'North/South Street: Route 522/340 Intersection Orientation: NS Study period (hrs): 1.00 1' 1 1 1 CIS 1 1 1 Major Street: Approach Movement 1 L T Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Northbound Southbound 2 3 4 5 6 R L T R Volume 1 513 507 1 Hourly Flow Rate, HFR 1 570 563 1 Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 -- -- -- -- Median Type Undivided RT Channelized? Lanes 0 2 2 0 Configuration LT T T TR Upstream Signal? No No Minor Street: Approach Westbound Eastbound Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R Volume 1 1 Hourly Flow Rate, HFR 1 1 Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 3 Percent Grade (%) 0 0 Median Storage 1 Flared Approach: Exists? No Storage RT Channelized? Lanes 0 0 Configuration LR Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Approach NB SB Westbound Eastbound Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lane Config LT LR v (vph) 1 2 C(m) (vph) 997 419 ' v/c 0.00 0.00 95% queue length 0.00 0.00 Control Delay 8.6 13.6 ' LOS A B Approach Delay 13.6 Approach LOS B IHCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.2 1 . A Phone: Fax: ' E-Mail: TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL(TWSC) ANALYSIS IIntersection: Existing Driveway & Route 522 City/State: Analyst: PHRA Project No.: AM Peak Time period Analyzed: 'Date: Existing Conditions East/West Street: Existing Driveway North/South Street: Route 522/340 Intersection Orientation: NS Major Street Movements 1 L T R Study period (hrs): 1.00 Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments, 2 3 4 5 6 L T R 1 513 5U T 1 'Volume Peak -Hour Factor, PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 Peak-15 Minute Volume 0 142 141 0 Flow Rate, HFR 1 570 563- 1 'Hourly Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 -- - Median Type Undivided Channelized? 'RT Lanes 0 2 2 0 Configuration LT T T TR ' Upstream Signal? No No Minor Street Movements 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R Volume 'Peak Hour Factor, PHF Peak-15 Minute Volume Hourly Flow Rate, HFR Percent Heavy Vehicles Percent Grade (%) Median Storage 1 Flared Approach: Exists? Storage RT Channelized? ' Lanes 1 0 0 1 0.90 0 1 3 0 J1 No 0.90 0 1 3 I Configuration LR 'Pedestrian Volumes and Adjustments. Movements 13 14 15 16 I Flow (ped/hr) Lane Width (ft) Walking Speed (ft/sec) Percent Blockage Prog. Flow vph S2 Left -Turn Through S5 Left -Turn Through 0 0 0 0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 0 0 0 0 1. Upstream Signal Data Sat Arrival Green Cycle Prog. Distance Flow Type Time Length Speed to Signal vph sec sec mph feet Worksheet 3-Data for Computing Effect of Delay to Major Street Vehicles Movement 2 Movement 5 5narea in volume, major to venues: u Shared In volume, major rt vehicles: 0 Sat flow rate, major th vehicles: 1700 Sat flow rate, major rt vehicles: 1700 Number of major street through lanes: 2 IWorksheet 4-Critical Gap and Follow-up Time Calculation Critical Gap Calculation Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R ■ t(c,base) 4.1 7.5 6.9 t(c,hv) 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 P(hv) 3 3 3 t(c,g) 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 Grade/100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 t(3,lt) 0.00 0.70 0.00 t(c,T): 1-stage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2-stage 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 t(c) 1-stage 4.2 6.9 7.0 2-stage 4.2 5.9 7.0 runuw-up i ime taicuiatiuns Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R 1 t(f,base) t(f,HV) P(HV) ' t(f) 2.20 3.50 3.30 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3 3 3 2.2 3.5 3.3 Worksheet 5-Effect of Upstream Signals Computation 1-Queue Clearance Time at Upstream Signal Movement 2 Movement 5 V(t) V(I,pFot) V(t) V(I,prot) V prog Total Saturation Flow Rate, s (vph) Arrival Type 'Effective Green, g (sec) Cycle Length, C (sec) Rp (from table 9-2) 'Proportion vehicles arriving on green P g(q1) g(q2) ' 9(q) Computation 2-Proportion of TWSC Intersection Time blocked Movement 2 Movement 5 V(t) V(I,prot) V(t) V(I,prot) aipna beta Travel time, t(a) (sec) Smoothing Factor, F Proportion of conflicting flow, f Max platooned flow, V(c,max) Min platooned flow, V(c,min) Duration of blocked period, t(p) Proportion time blocked, p 0.000 Computation 3-Platoon Event Periods Result p(2) 0.000 p(5) 0.000 p(dom) p(subo) Constrained or unconstrained? Proportion unblocked for minor ' movements, p(x) PO) tp(4) P(7) p(8) ' P(9) (1) (2) (3) Single -stage Two -Stage Process Process Stage I Stage II P(10) PO 1) p(12) ' Computation 4 and 5 Single -Stage Process Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R V c,x 564 851 282 s A- Px ' V c,u,x C r,x C plat,x Two -Stage Process ' 7 8 10 11 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 V(c,x) 564 287 s 3400 P(x) V(c,u,x) C(r,x) C(plat,x) Worksheet 6-Impedance and Capacity Equations Step 1: RT from Minor St. 9 12 Conflicting Flows 282 Potential Capacity 712 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 712 Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Step 2: LT from Major St. 4 1 Conflicting Flows 564 Potential Capacity 997 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 997 Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Maj L-Shared Prob Q free St. 1.00 Step 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 Conflicting Flows Potential Capacity Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 ' Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 ' Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 10 Conflicting Flows 851 Potential Capacity 297 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 297 Worksheet 7-Computation of the Effect of Two -stage Gap Acceptance Step 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 Part 1 - First Stage Conflicting Flows Potential Capacity 508 512 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 507 512 ' Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Part 2 - Second Stage Conflicting Flows Potential Capacity 512 508 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 512 507 Part 3 - Single Stage Conflicting Flows Potential Capacity Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity ' Result for 2 stage process: a 0.00 0.00 y 0.00 0.00 Ct Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 10 Part 1 - First Stage Conflicting Flows 564 Potential Capacity 534 530 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 533 530 Part 2 - Second Stage Conflicting Flows 287 Potential Capacity 747 733 Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 'Pedestrian Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 746 732 Part 3 - Single Stage Conflicting Flows 851 Capacity 297 'Potential Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 297 Results for Two -stage process: a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Iy C t 297 ' Worksheet 8-Shared Lane Calculations Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 ' L T R L T R Volume (vph) 1 1 Movement Capacity (vph) 297 712 Shared Lane Capacity (vph) 419 Worksheet 9-Computation of Effect of Flared Minor Street Approaches ' Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R ' C sep 297 712 Volume 1 1 IDelay Q sep Q sep +1 round (Qsep +1) n max C sh SUM C sep 419 n 1 C act 1 Worksheet 10-Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 Lane Config LT LR v (vph) 1 2 C(m) (vph) 997 419 v/c 0.00 0.00 95% queue length 0.00 0.00 Control Delay 8.6 13.6 A B 'LOS Approach Delay 13.6 Approach LOS B Worksheet 11-Shared Major LT Impedance and Delay Movement 2 Movement 5 p(oj) 1.00 1.00 v(il), Volume for stream 2 or 5 0 v(i2), Volume for stream 3 or 6 0 s(il), Saturation flow rate for stream 2 or 5 1700 s(i2), Saturation flow rate for stream 3 or 6 1700 P*(oj) 1.00 'd(M,LT), Delay for stream 1 or 4 8.6 N, Number of major street through lanes 2 d(rank,1) Delay for stream 2 or 5 1 n 1 HCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.2 Ci 11 TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY Intersection: Existing Driveway & Route 522 Analyst: PHRA Project No.: PM Peak Date: Existing Conditions East/West Street: Existing Driveway North/South Street: Route 522/340 Intersection Orientation: NS Study period (hrs): 1.00 Major Street: Approach Movement 1 L T Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Northbound Southbound 2 3 4 5 6 R L T R Volume 1 726 595 1 Flow Rate, HFR 1 806 661-- 1 'Hourly Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 -- - Median Type Undivided RT Channelized? Lanes 0 2 2 0 Configuration LT T T TR Upstream Signal? No No Minor Street: Approach Westbound Eastbound Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R I L T R volume Hourly Flow Rate, HFR Percent Heavy Vehicles 'Percent Grade (%) Median Storage 1 Flared Approach: Exists? Storage RT Channelized? Lanes ' Configuration Approach Movement Lane Config NB 1 LT 1 1 1 1 3 3 0 0 No 0 0 LR Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service SB Westbound Eastbound 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 LR v (vph) 1 2 (vph) 916 325 'C(m) v/c 0.00 0.01 95% queue length 0.00 0.00 Control Delay 8.9 16.1 LOS A C Approach Delay 16.1 Approach LOS C IHCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.2 Phone: Fax: E-Mail: TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL(TWSC) ANALYSIS Intersection: Existing Driveway & Route 522 City/State: 'Analyst: PHRA Project No.: PM Peak Time period Analyzed: Date: Existing Conditions East/West Street: Existing Driveway North/South Street: Route 522/340 ' Intersection Orientation: NS Study period (hrs): 1.00 ' Major Street Movements 1 L T R Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments 2 3 4 5 6 L T R Volume 1 [Zb Peak -Hour Factor, PHF 0.90 0.90 Peak-15 Minute Volume 0 202 Hourly Flow Rate, HFR 1 806 ' Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 -- Median Type Undivided RT Channelized? Lanes 0 2 Configuration LT T Upstream Signal? No 595 1 0.90 0.90 165 0 - 661-- 1 2 0 T TR No Minor Street Movements 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 L T R L T R Volume Peak Hour Factor, PHF Peak-15 Minute Volume Hourly Flow Rate, HFR 'Percent Heavy Vehicles Percent Grade (%) Median Storage 1 Flared Approach: Exists? Storage RT Channelized? ' Lanes 1 1 0.90 0.90 0 0 1 1 3 3 0 0 0 Configuration LR IMovements 'Flow (ped/hr) Lane Width (ft) Walking Speed (ft/sec) Percent Blockage _Pedestrian Volumes and Adjustments 13 14 15 16 0 0 0 0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 0 0 0 0 Upstream Signal Data Prog. Sat Arrival Green Cycle Prog. Distance Flow Flow Type Time Length Speed to Signal ' vph vph sec sec mph feet S2 Left -Turn 'Through S5 Left -Turn Through Worksheet 3-Data for Computing Effect of Delay to Major Street Vehicles ' Movement 2 Movement 5 1 Shared In volume, major th vehicles: 0 Shared In volume, major rt vehicles: 0 Sat flow rate, major th vehicles: 1700 'Sat flow rate, major rt vehicles: 1700 Number of major street through lanes: 2 Worksheet 4-Critical Gap and Follow-up Time Calculation Critical Gap Calculation Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R ' t(c,base) 4.1 7.5 6.9 t(c,hv) 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 'P(hv) 3 3 3 t(c,g) 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 Grade/100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 t(3,lt) 0.00 0.70 0.00 t(c,T): 1-stage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2-stage 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 't(c) 1-stage 4.2 6.9 7.0 2-stage 4.2 5.9 7.0 'Follow -Up Time Calculations Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R t(f,base) t(f,HV) P(HV) I t(f) 2.20 3.50 3.30 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3 3 3 2.2 3.5 3.3 I Worksheet 5-Effect of Upstream Signals Computation 1-Queue Clearance Time at Upstream Signal ' Movement 2 Movement 5 V(t) V(I,pmt) V(t) V(I,prot) V prog Total Saturation Flow Rate, s (vph) Arrival Type Effective Green, g (sec) Cycle Length, C (sec) Rp (from table 9-2) 'Proportion vehicles arriving on green P g(q1) 9(q2) ' g(q) Computation 2-Proportion of TWSC Intersection Time blocked ' Movement 2 Movement 5 V(t) V(I,prot) V(t) V(I,prot) alpha beta Travel time, t(a) (sec) 'Smoothing Factor, F Proportion of conflicting flow, f Max platooned flow, V(c,max) 'Min platooned flow, V(c,min) Duration of blocked period, t(p) Proportion time blocked, p 0.000 0.000 Computation 3-Platoon Event Periods Result 'p(2) 0.000 p(5) 0.000 p(dom) 'p(subo) Constrained or unconstrained? Proportion unblocked (1) (2) (3) for minor Single -stage Two -Stage Process ' movements, p(x) Process Stage I Stage II PO) 'p(4) P(7) P(8) P(9) ' PO 0) PO 1) P(12) Computation 4 and 5 Single -Stage Process ' Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R 'V c,x 662 1067 331 s Px ' V c,u,x C r,x C plat,x Two -Stage Process 7 8 10 11 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 'V(c,x) 662 405 s 3400 P(x) ' V(C,U,x) C(r,x) ' C(plat,x) Worksheet 6-Impedance and Capacity Equations Step 1: RT from Minor St. 9 12 ' Conflicting Flows 331 Potential Capacity 662 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 662 Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 ' Step 2: LT from Major St. 4 1 'Conflicting Flows 662 Potential Capacity 916 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 'Movement Capacity 916 Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Maj L-Shared Prob Q free St. 1.00 Step 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 'Conflicting Flows Potential Capacity Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 ' Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 10 Conflicting Flows 1067 'Potential Capacity 215 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 1.00 1.00 'Maj. L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 215 Worksheet 7-Computation of the Effect of Two -stage Gap Acceptance Step 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 'Part 1 - First Stage Conflicting Flows Potential Capacity 397 462 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 397 462 Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Part 2 - Second Stage 'Conflicting Flows Potential Capacity 462 397 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 'Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 462 397 'Part 3 - Single Stage Conflicting Flows Potential Capacity Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity ' Result for 2 stage process: a 0.00 0.00 y 0.00 0.00 Ct Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 ' Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 10 Part 1 - First Stage Conflicting Flows 662 Potential Capacity 404 472 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 404 472 Part 2 - Second Stage Conflicting Flows 405 Potential Capacity 707 639 'Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 706 638 ' Part 3 - Single Stage Conflicting Flows 1067 Potential Capacity 215 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 1.00 1.00 L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 1.00 1.00 'Maj. Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 215 rResults for Two -stage process: a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ' C t 215 IWorksheet 8-Shared Lane Calculations Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R (vph) 1 1 'Volume Movement Capacity (vph) 215 662 Shared Lane Capacity (vph) 325 Worksheet 9-Computation of Effect of Flared Minor Street Approaches Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R ' C sep 215 662 Volume 1 1 'Delay Q sep Q sep +1 ' round (Qsep +1) n max C sh 325 SUM C sep n C act ' Worksheet 10-Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lane Config LT LR ■ v (vph) 1 2 C(m) (vph) 916 325 0.00 0.01 'v/c 95% queue length 0.00 0.00 Control Delay 8.9 16.1 A C 'LOS Approach Delay 16.1 Approach LOS C ■ 11 Worksheet 11-Shared Major LT Impedance and Delay Movement 2 Movement 5 'p(oj) 1.00 1.00 v(il), Volume for stream 2 or 5 0 v(i2), Volume for stream 3 or 6 0 s(il), Saturation flow rate for stream 2 or 5 1700 s(i2), Saturation flow rate for stream 3 or 6 1700 P*(oj) 1.00 'd(M,LT), Delay for stream 1 or 4 8.9 N, Number of major street through lanes 2 d(rank,1) Delay for stream 2 or 5 1E F II 1 L I HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 ' Inter: Route 277 & Route 522 City/St: Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA Proj #: 2007 Background 'Date: 3/15/01 Period: AM Peak E/W St: Route 277 N/S St: Route 522 ' SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound L T R L T R I L T R L T R iNo. Lanes 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 2' 1 1_ 2 1 LGConfig LT R L TR L T R L T R 134 266 134 190 89 28 1100 502 121 153 491 35 'Volume Lane Width 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 12.0 RTOR Vol 0 1 0 ( 32 1 10 Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 I 5 6 7 EB Left A NB Left A A Thru A Thru A A Right A Right A A 'Peds Peds WB Left A A SB Left A Thru A A I Thru A ' Right A A I Right A Peds Peds NB Right A EB Right Right WB Right 'SB Green 10.0 40.0 14.0 40.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Red 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 'All Cycle Length: 120.0 secs 0 ■ 'Intersection Performance Summary_ Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group Lane Group Flow Rate Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C Delay LOS Approach Delay LOS Eastbound ' LT 586 1759 0.57 0.333 34.3 C 32.9 C R 523 1568 0.28 0.333 29.8 C Westbound L 363 0.28 0.450 21.5 C TR 801 1779 0.16 0.450 19.7 B 20.5 C ' Northbound L 418 0.27 0.483 18.6 B 1694 3505 0.33 0.483 19.2 B 17.9 B 'T R 941 1568 0.11 0.600 10.3 B Southbound L 272 817 0.22 0.333 29.1 C 'T 1168 3505 0.47 0.333 31.9 C 31.4 C R 523 1568 0.05 0.333 27.2 C Intersection Delay = 25.7 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = C ■ HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 Phone: Fax: E-Mail: OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS 'Intersection: City/State: Route 277 & Route 522 Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA Project No: 2007 Background Time Period Analyzed: AM Peak Date: 3/15/01 East/West Street Name: Route 277 ' North/South Street Name: Route 522 ■ ■ ■ ■ Volume PHF PK 15 Vol Hi Ln Vol '% Grade Ideal Sat 3 3 3 0 1 1 LT R 12.0 12.0 0 334 149 '%InSharedLni Prop Turns 10.11 NumPeds 'NumBus 0 %RightsInProtPhase Duration 1.00 Eastbound L T R 34 266 134 0.90 0.90 0.90 9 74 37 0 1900 1900 ParkExist NumPark % Heavy Vehl No. Lanes LGConfig Lane Width RTOR Vol Ad! Flow 0 0 Area ' VOLUME DATA Westbound Northbound L T R L T R I 190 89 28 10.90 0.90 0.90 125 25 8 1 1 0 11900 1900 13 3 3 1 1 0 L TR 112.0 12.0 1 0 1100 130 0.24 0 10 0 0 Type: All other 100 502 121 0.90 0.90 0.90 28 139 34 0 1900 1900 1900 3 3 3 1 2 1 L T R 12.0 12.0 12.0 32 111 558 99 0 0 0 0 0 Lreas Southbound L T R 53 491 35 0.90 0.90 0.90 15 136 10 0 1900 1900 1900 3 3 3 1 2 1 L T R 12.0 12.0 12.0 10 59 546 28 0 0 0 0 0 Eastbound L T R Init Unmet 0.0 0.0 Arriv. Type 3 3 Unit Ext. 3.0 3.0- I Factor 1.000 Lost Time 2.0 2.0 Ext of g 2.0 2.0 Ped Min g 3.0 Phase Combination 1 2 EB Left A Thru A Right A Peds WB Left A A Thru, A A Right A A Peds NB Right A SB Right Green 10.0 40.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 All Red 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 120.0 secs OPERATING PARAMETERS Westbound Northbound L T R I L T R 0.0 0.0 3 3 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 PHASE DATA 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 3 3 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3 4 5 NB Left A Thru A Right A Peds SB Left Thru Right Peds EB Right WB Right 6 A A A A A 14.0 40.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Southbound L T R 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 3 3 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 7 8 VOLUME ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Adjusted Prop. Prop. 'Appr./ Mvt Flow No. Lane Flow Rate Left Right Movement Volume PHF Rate Lanes Group RTOR In Lane Grp Turns Turns Eastbound Left 34 0.90 39_ 0 Thru 266 0.90 296 1 LT 334 0.11 ' Right 134 0.90 149 1 R 0 149 Westbound Left 90 0.90 100 1 L 100 Thru 89 0.90 99 1 TR 130 0.24 Right 28 0.90 31 0 0 Northbound Left 100 0.90 ill 1 L ill Thru 502 0.90 558 2 T 558 Right 121 0.90 99 1 R 32 99 Southbound ' Left 53 0.90 59 1 L 59 Thru 491 0.90 546 2 T 546 Right 35 0.90 28 1 R 10 28 * Value entered by user. SATURATION FLOW ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Appr/ Ideal Lane Sat f f f f f f f f f Group Flow W HV G P BB A LU RT LT Eastbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: LT 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 1.000 0.954 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Westbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: 0.291 L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 ---- 0.950 TR 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.964 1_000 Northbound Sec LT Adj/LTSat: 0.286 - L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.950 T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 0.95 1.000 1.000 ' R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Southbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 ---- 0.443 T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 0.95 1.000 1.000 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Adj Sat Flow 1759 1568 536 1752 1779 527 1752 3505 1568 817 3505 1568 CAPACITY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET Adj Adj Sat Flow Green --Lane Group-- Appr/ Lane Flow Rate Flow Rate Ratio Ratio Capacity v/c Mvmt Group (v) (s) (v/s) (g/C) (c) Ratio Eastbound Pri. Sec. Left Thru LT 334 Right R 149 Westbound Pri. 100 Sec. 0 Left L 100 Thru TR Right 130 Northbound Pri. ill Sec. 0 Left L ill Thru T 558 Right R 99 Southbound Pri. Sec. Left L 59 Thru T 546 Right R 28 Lost Time/Cycle, L = 16.00 sec 1759 # 0.19 0.333 586 0.57 1568 0.10 0.333 523 0.28 1752 # 0.06 0.100 175 0.57 536 0.00 0.350 188 0.00 0.450 363 0.28 1779 0.07 0.450 801 0.16 1752 # 0.06 0.133 234 0.47 527 0.00 0.350 184 0.00 0.483 418 0.27 3505 0.16 0.483 1694 0.33 1568 0.06 0.600 941 0.11 817 0.07 0.333 272 0.22 3505 # 0.16 0.333 1168 0.47 1568 0.02 0.333 523 0.05 Sum (v/s) critical = 0.47 Critical v/c(X) = 0.54 LEVEL OF SERVICE WORKSHEET Appr/ Ratios Unf Prog Lane Incremental Res Lane Group Approach Lane Del Adj Grp Factor Del Del Grp v/c g/C di Fact Cap k d2 d3 Delay LOS Delay LOS Eastbound LT 0.57 0.333 32.9 1.0010 586 0.16 1.3 0.0 34.3 C 32.9 C R 0.28 0.333 29.5 1.000 523 0.11 0.3 0.0 29.8 C Westbound L 0.28 0.450 21.1 1.000 363 0.11 0.4 0.0 21.5 C TR 0.16 0.450 19.6 1.000 801 0.11 0.1 0.0 19.7 B 20.5 C Northbound L 0.27 0.483 18.2 1.000 418 0.11 0.3 0.0 18.6 B T 0.33 R 0.11 0.483 0.600 19.0 10.2 1.000 1.000 1694 941 0.11 0.11 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.2 10.3 B B 17.9 B Southbound L 0.22 0.333 28.7 1.000 272 0.11 0.4 0.0 29.1 C 1 T 0.47 0.333 31.6 1.000 1168 0.11 0.3 0.0 31.9 C 31.4 C R 0.05 0.333 27.2 1.000 523 0.11 0.0 0.0 27.2 C Intersection Delay = 25.7 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = C SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for exclusive lefts APPROACH EB WB NB SB Cycle Length, C 120.0 sec Actual Green Time for Lane Group, G 54.0 58.0 40.0 Effective Green Time for Lane Group, g 42.0 42.0 40.0 Opposing Effective Green Time, go 40.0 40.0 58.0 of Lanes in Lane Group, N 1 1 1 'Number Number of Opposing Lanes, No 1 2 2 Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt 100 ill 59 Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto 0.11. 0.00 0.00 Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo 334 546 558 Lost Time for Lane Group, tl 4.00 4.00 4.00 Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo 3.33 11.13 3.70 9.58 1.97 9.79 Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) 1.00 1.00 1.00 gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g 0.0 0.0 0.0 Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) 0.67 0.67 0.52 gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) 20.17 15.20 0.00 gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf 21.83 26.80 40.00 n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 10.08 7.60 0.00 Ptho=1-Plto 0.89 1.00 1.00 Pl*=Plt [l+{ (N-1)g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4.24) )] 1.00 1.00 1.00 Ell (Figure 9-7) 1.79 2.23 2.26 E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 6.19 1.00 1.00 fmin=2 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g 0.10 0.10 0.10 gdiff=max(gq-gf,0) 20.17 0.00 0.00 fm=[gf/g]+[gu/g] [l/{l+P1(Ell-1))], (min=fmin;max=1.00) 0.29 0.29 0.44 flt=fm= [gf/g] +gdiff [1/{1+Plt (E12-1) )] + [gu/g] [l/ (1+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1.0) or flt= [fm+0. 91 (N-1) ] /N** 1 fit 0.291 0.286 0.443 For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If Pl>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>1, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. F I F 1 SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for shared lefts APPROACH EB WB NB SB Cycle Length, C 120.0 sec Actual Green Time for Lane Group, G 40.0 Effective Green Time for L&ne Group, g 40.0 Opposing Effective Green Time, go 54.0 Number of Lanes in Lane Group, N 1 Number of Opposing Lanes, No 1 Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt 38 Proportion of Left Turns in Lane Group, Plt 0.11 Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto 0.00 Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo 130 Lost Time for Lane Group, tl Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 4.00 1.27 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo 4.33 Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) 1.00 gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g 10.1 Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) 0.55 gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) 0.00 'gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf 29.93 n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 0.00 Ptho=1-Plto 1.00 Pl*=Plt[1+((N-1)g/(gf+gu/Ell+4.24))) 0.11 Ell (Figure 9-7) 1.58 E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 1.00 fmin=2 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g 0.06 gdiff=max(gq-gf, 0) 0.00 fm= [gf /g] + [gu/g] (1/ (1+P1 (Ell -1)) ] , (min=fmin; max=1. 00 ) 0.95 flt=fm=[gf/g]+gdiff [1/(l+Plt(E12-1) )] + [gu/g] [l/ (1+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1.0) or flt= [fm+0. 91 (N-1) ] /N** flt Primary 0.954 For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If P1>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>1, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. I I 1 SUPPLEMENTAL UNIFORM DELAY WORKSHEET ' Adj. LT Vol from Vol Adjustment Worksheet, v v/c ratio from Capacity Worksheet, X Primary phase effective green, g Secondary phase effective'!Ireen, gq (From Supplemental Permitted LT Worksheet), gu Cycle length, C 120.0 Red=(C-g-gq-gu), r Arrivals: v/ (3600 (max(X, 1.0))) , qa Primary ph. departures: s/3600, sp Secondary ph. departures: s(gq+gu)/(gu*3600), ss XPerm XProt XCase Queue at beginning of green arrow, Qa Queue at beginning of unsaturated green, Qu Residual queue, Qr Uniform Delay, dl I Appr/ Lane Group EBLT WBLT NBLT SBLT 100 ill 0.28 0.27 12.0 16.0 20.17 15.20 21.83 26.80 66.0 62.0 0.03 0.03 0.487 0.487 0.29 0.23 0.19 0.21 0.37 0.31 1 1 1.83 1.91 0.56 0.47 0.00 0.00 21.1 18.2 DELAY/LOS WORKSHEET WITH INITIAL QUEUE Initial Dur. Uniform Delay Initial Final Initial Lane Unmet Unmet Queue Unmet Queue Group Demand Demand Unadj. Adj. Param. Demand Delay Delay Q veh t hrs. ds dl sec u Q veh d3 sec d sec Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound Intersection Delay 25.7 sec/veh Intersection LOS C 1 ERROR MESSAGES I No errors to report. 1 I I I 1 HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 Inter: Route 277 & Route 522 City/St: Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA Proj #: 2007 Background 'Date: 3/15/01 Period: PM Peak E/W St: Route 277 N/S St: Route 522 1 ' No. Lanes LGConfig Volume Lane Width RTOR Vol IDuration Eastbound L T R SIGNALIZED INTERSE( Westbound L T R 0 1 1 1 1 0 LT R L TR 34 98 87 1160 300 98 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 30 1 33 1.00 -'TION SUMMARY Northbound L T R 1 2 1 L T R 255 689 79 12.0 12.0 12.0 25 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations_ Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 1 5 6 EB Left A NB Left A A Thru A Thru A A Right A Right A A Peds Peds WB Left A A SB Left A Thru A A ( Thru A ' Right A A Right A Peds Peds NB Right A EB Right SB Right WB Right Green 10.0 38.0 15.0 41.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 All Red 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 120.0 secs I Southbound L T R 1 2 1 L T R 27 591 75 12.0 12.0 12.0 25 7 8 1 'Intersection Performance Summary Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group Approach Lane Group Flow Rate ' Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C Delay LOS Delay LOS Eastbound ' LT 480 1516 0.31 0.317 31.4 C 30.8 C R 489 1544 0.13 0.317 29.3 C 'Westbound L 470 0.38 0.433 22.6 C TR 778 1795 0.52 0.433 25.5 C 24.6 C ' Northbound L 398 0.71 0.500 26.3 C 'T 1753 R 967 3505 1568 0.44 0.06 0.500 0.617 19.4 9.2 B A 20.6 C Southbound L 228 666 0.13 0.342 27.5 C 'T 1198 3505 0.55 0.342 32.5 C 31.9 C R 536 1568 0.10 0.342 27.1 C Intersection Delay = 25.5 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = C HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 Phone: Fax: E-Mail: OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS 'Intersection: City/State: Route 277 & Route 522 Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA Project No: 2007 Background Time Period Analyzed: PM Peak Date: 3/15/01 East/West Street Name: Route 277 ' North/South Street Name: Route 522 Volume PHF PK 15 Vol Hi Ln Vol Grade '% Ideal Sat 3 3 3 0 1 1 LT R 12.0 12.0 30 147 63 %InSharedLni Prop Turns 10.26 NumPeds 'NumBus ( 0 %RightsInProtPhase Duration 1.00 Eastbound L T R 34 98 87 0.90 0.90 0.90 9 27 24 3 1900 1900 ParkExist 'NumPark % Heavy Vehl No. Lanes LGConfig ' Lane Width RTOR Vol Ad! Flow 0 0 0 Area ' VOLUME DATA Westbound L T R 1160 300 98 10.90 0.90 0.90 144 83 27 1 0 11900 1900 13 3 3 1 1 0 L TR I12.0 12.0 1 33 1178 405 0.18 0 0 0 I 0 Type: All other Northbound L T R 255 689 79 0.90 0.90 0.90 71 191 22 0 1900 1900 1900 3 3 3 1 2 1 L T R 12.0 12.0 12.0 25 283 766 60 0 0 0 0 0 ireas Southbound L T R I 27 591 75 0.90 0.90 0.90 8 164 21 0 1900 1900 1900 3 3 3 1 2 1 L T R 12.0 12.0 12.0 25 30 657 56 0 0 0 0 0 r Eastbound L T R Init Unmet 0.0 0.0 Arriv. Type 3 3 Unit Ext. 3.0 3.0 I Factor 1.000 Time 2.0 2.0 'Lost Ext of g 2.0 2.0 Ped Min g 3.0 ' Phase Combination 1 2 EB Left A Thru A ' Right A Peds ' WB Left A A Thru A A Right A A ' Peds NB Right A SB Right ' Green 10.0 38.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 All Red 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 120.0 secs OPERATING PARAMETERS Westbound Northbound L T R L T R 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 3 3 (3 3 3 3.0 3.0 I3.0 3.0 3.0 1.000 1 1.000 2.0 2.0 12.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 I2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 1 3.0 PHASE DATA 3 4 I 5 NB Left A Thru A Right A Peds SB Left Thru Right Peds EB Right WB Right Southbound L T R 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 3 3 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 6 7 8 A A A A A A 15.0 41.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 ' VOLUME ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Adjusted Prop. Prop. 'Appr./ Mvt Flow No. Lane Flow Rate Left Right Movement Volume PHF Rate Lanes Group RTOR In Lane Grp Turns Turns 1 Eastbound Left 34 0.90 3*a- 0 Thru 98 0.90 109 1 LT 147 0.26 ' Right 87 0.90 63 1 R 30 63 Westbound ' Left 160 0.90 178 1 L 178 Thru 300 0.90 333 1 TR 405 0.18 Right 98 0.90 72 0 33 ' Northbound Left 255 0.90 283 1 L 283 Thru 689 0.90 766 2 T 766 ' Right 79 0.90 60 1 R 25 60 Southbound ' Left 27 0.90 30 1 L 30 Thru 591 0.90 657 2 T 657 Right 75 0.90 56 1 R 25 56 ' * Value entered by user. ' SATURATION FLOW ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Appr/ Ideal Adj 'Lane Sat f f f f f f f f f Sat Group Flow W HV G P BB A LU RT LT Flow Eastbound Sec LT Adj/LT-Sat: LT 1900 1.000 0.971 0.985 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 1.000 0.834 1516 R 1900 1.000 0.971 0.985 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- 1544 Westbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: 0.480 885 L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 ---- 0.950 1752 ' TR 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.973 1_000 1795 Northbound Sec LT Adj/LTSat: 0.226 418 - L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.950 1752 T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 0.95 1.000 1.000 3505 ' R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- 1568 Southbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: 'L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 ---- 0.361 666 T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 0.95 1.000 1.000 . 3505 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- 1568 1 CAPACITY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET Adj Adj Sat Flow Green --Lane Group-- Appr/ Lane Flow Rate Flow Rate Ratio Ratio Capacity v/c ' Mvmt Group (v) (s) (v/s) (g/C) (c) Ratio Eastbound Pri. Sec. Left Thru LT 147 ' Right R 63 Westbound Pri. 175 ' Sec. 3 Left L 178 ' Thru TR Right 405 Northbound Pri. 248 ' Sec. 35 Left L 283 Thru T 766 'Right R 60 Southbound Pri. Sec. Left L 30 Thru T 657 ' Right R 56 ' Lost Time/Cycle, L = 12.00 sec 1516 0.10 0.317 480 0.31 1544 0.04 0.317 489 0.13 1752 0.10 0.100 175 1.00 885 0.00 0.333 295 0.01 0.433 470 0.38 1795 # 0.23 0.433 778 0.52 1752 # 0.14 0.142 248 1.00 418 0.08 0.358 150 0.23 0.500 398 0.71 3505 0.22 0.500 1753 0.44 1568 0.04 0.617 967 0.06 666 0.05 0.342 228 0.13 3505 # 0.19 0.342 1198 0.55 1568 0.04 0.342 536 0.10 Sum (v/s) critical = 0.55 Critical v/c(X) = 0.62 'LEVEL OF SERVICE WORKSHEET Appr/ Ratios Unf Prog Lane Incremental Res Lane Group Approach Lane Del Adj Grp Factor Del Del Grp v/c g/C di Fact Cap k d2 d3 Delay LOS Delay LOS Eastbound LT 0.31 0.317 31.0 1.0(?0 480 0.11 0.4 0.0 31.4 C 30.8 C R 0.13 0.317 29.2 1.000 489 0.11 0.1 0.0 29.3 C 'Westbound L 0.38 0.433 22.0 1.000 470 0.11 0.5 0.0 22.6 C TR 0.52 0.433 24.9 1.000 778 0.13 0.6 0.0 25.5 C 24.6 C ' Northbound L 0.71 0.500 20.3 1.000 398 0.27 6.0 0.0 26.3 C 'T 0.44 R 0.06 0.500 0.617 19.2 9.2 1.000 1.000 1753 967 0.11 0.11 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.4 9.2 B A 20.6 C Southbound L 0.13 0.342 27.2 1.000 228 0.11 0.3 0.0 27.5 C T 0.55 0.342 32.0 1.000 1198 0.15 0.5 0.0 32.5 C 31.9 C R 0.10 0.342 27.0 1.000 536 0.11 0.1 0.0 27.1 C Intersection Delay = 25.5 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = C r i i 1 1 ' SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for exclusive lefts APPROACH EB WB NB SB Cycle Length, C 120.0 sec Green Time for Lane Group, G 52.0 60.0 41.0 'Actual Effective Green Time for Lane Group, g 40.0 43.0 41.0 Opposing Effective Green Time, go 38.0 41.0 60.0 of Lanes in Lane Group, N 1 1 1 'Number Number of Opposing Lanes, No 1 2 2 Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt 178 283 30 of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto 0.26, 0.00 0.00 'Proportion Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo 147 657 766 Lost Time for Lane Group, tl 4.00 4.00 4.00 'Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo 5.93 4.90 9.43 11.53 1.00 13.44 Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) 1.00 1.00 1.00 gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g 0.0 0.0 0.0 'Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) 0.68 0.66 0.50 gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) 11.08 18.79 0.00 gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf 28.92 24.21 41.00 n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 5.54 9.39 0.00 Ptho=1-Plto 0.74 1.00 1.00 Pl*=Plt [l+{ (N-1)g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4.24) }] 1.00 1.00 1.00 'Ell (Figure 9-7) 1.51 2.49 2.77 E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 3.13 1.00 1.00 fmin=2(1+Plt)/g or fmin=2(1+P1)/g 0.10 0.09 0.10 11.08 0.00 0.00 'gdiff=max(gq-gf,0) fm=[gf/g]+[gu/g] [l/(1+P1(Ell-1))], (min=fmin;max=1.00) 0.48 0.23 0.36 flt=fm= [gf/g] +gdiff [1/{l+Plt (E12-1) )] + [gu/g] [1/ (1+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1. 0) or flt= [fm+0.91 (N-1) ] /N** ' fit 0.480 0.226 0.361 For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If P1>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>1, then assume de -facto ' left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach ' or when gf>gq, see text. I 1 L1 1 SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for shared lefts APPROACH EB WB NB SB Cycle Length, C 120.0 sec Green Time for Lane Group, G 38.0 'Actual Effective Green Time for Lane Group, g 38.0 Opposing Effective Green Time, go 52.0 of Lanes in Lane Group, N 1 'Number Number of Opposing Lanes, No 1 Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt 38 Proportion of Left Turns in Lane Group, Plt 0.26 Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto 0.00 Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo 405 Lost Time for Lane Group, tl Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 4.00 1.27 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo 13.50 Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) 1.00 ' gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g 9.4 Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) 0.57 gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) 1.74 'gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf 28.63 n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 0.00 Ptho=1-Plto 1.00 P1*=Plt [l+{ (N-1)g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4.24)) ) 0.26 Ell (Figure 9-7) 2.09 E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 1.00 fmin=2 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g 0.07 gdiff=max(gq-gf, 0) 0.00 fm=[gf/g]+[gu/g] [1/{1+P1(Ell-1))], (min=fmin;max=1.00) 0.83 [1/{1+Plt(E12-1) }] 'flt=fm=[gf/g]+gdiff + [gu/g] [l/ (1+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1.0) or flt= [fm+0.91 (N-1) ] /N** flt Primary 0.834 ' For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If Pl>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>1, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. 'For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. 1 5 1 SUPPLEMENTAL UNIFORM DELAY WORKSHEET Adj. LT Vol from Vol Adjustment Worksheet, v v/c ratio from Capacity Worksheet, X Primary phase effective green, g Secondary phase effective green, gq (From Supplemental Permitted LT Worksheet), gu 'Cycle length, C 120.0 Red=(C-g-gq-gu), r Arrivals: v/(3600(max(X,1.0))), qa Primary ph. departures: s/3600, sp Secondary ph. departures: s(gq+gu)/(gu*3600), ss XPerm XProt XCase Queue at beginning of green arrow, Qa Queue at beginning of unsaturated green, Qu 'Residual queue, Qr Uniform Delay, di Appr/ Lane Group EBLT WBLT NBLT SBLT 178 283 0.38 0.71 12.0 17.0 11.08 18.79 28.92 24.21 68.0 60.0 0.05 0.08 0.487 0.487 0.34 0.21 0.20 0.68 0.68 0.73 1 1 3.36 4.72 0.55 1.48 0.00 0.00 22.0 20.3 DELAY/LOS WORKSHEET WITH INITIAL QUEUE Initial Dur. Uniform Delay Initial Final Initial Lane Unmet Unmet Queue Unmet Queue Group Demand Demand Unadj. Adj. Param. Demand Delay Delay Q veh t hrs. ds di sec u Q veh d3 sec d sec IEastbound Westbound r 1 Northbound S Southbound Intersection Delay 25.5 sec/veh Intersection LOS C 1 G ERROR MESSAGES INo errors to report. I[] HCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.2 TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY Intersection: Route 277 & Route 636 Analyst: PHRA Project No.: AM Peak Date: 2005 Background East/West Street: Route 277 North/South Street: Route 636 Intersection Orientation: EW Study period (hrs): 1.00 Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Major Street: Approach Eastbound Westbound Movement 1 2 3 4 5 6 L T R L T R Volume 5 412 5 212 Hourly Flow Rate, HFR 5 457 5 235 Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 -- 3 -- Median Type Undivided Channelized? 'RT Lanes 0 1 0 1 Configuration LTR LTR Upstream Signal? No No Minor Street: Approach Northbound Southbound Movement 7 8 9 ( 10 11 12 L T R L T R Volume 22 12 12 10 7 14 Hourly Flow Rate, HFR 24 13 13 11 7 15 Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 3 3 3 3 3 Percent Grade (%) 0 0 Median Storage 1 Flared Approach: Exists? No No Storage 1 RT Channelized? Lanes 1 1 0 0 1 0 Configuration L TR LTR Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Approach EB WB Northbound Southbound Movement 1 4 1 7 8 9 1 10 11 12 Lane Config LTR LTR I L TR I LTR v (vph) 5 5 24 26 33 C(m)(vph) 1319 1089 322 439 447 v/c 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.06 0.07 95% queue length 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.06 0.15 Control Delay 7.7 8.3 17.1 13.7 13.7 LOS A A C B B Approach Delay 15.3 13.7 Approach LOS C B I IHCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.2 I . 1_ Phone: Fax: E-Mail: TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL(TWSC) ANALYSIS, IIntersection: Route 277 & Route 636 City/State: Analyst: PHRA Project No.: AM Peak Time period Analyzed: Date: 2005 Background East/West Street: Route 277 North/South Street: Route 636 Intersection Orientation: EW Major Street Movements 1 L T R Study period (hrs): 1.00 Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments, 2 3 4 5 6 L T R Volume 5 412 5 212 Peak -Hour Factor, PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 Peak-15 Minute Volume 1 114 1 59 Hourly Flow Rate, HFR 5 457 5 235 Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 -- 3 - - Median Type Undivided RT Channelized? Lanes 0 1 0 1 Configuration LTR LTR Upstream Signal? No No Minor Street Movements 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R Volume 22 Peak Hour Factor, PHF Peak-15 Minute Volume Hourly Flow Rate, HFR Percent Heavy Vehicles Percent Grade (%) Median Storage 1 Flared Approach: Exists? Storage RT Channelized? Lanes 1 1 12 12 10 7 14 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 6 3 3 3 2 4 24 13 13 11 7 15 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 No No 0 0 1 0 IConfiguration L TR LTR Movements _Pedestrian Volumes and Adjustments 13 14 15 16 Flow (ped/hr) 0 0 0 0 Lane Width (ft) 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Walking Speed (ft/sec) 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Percent Blockage 0 0 0 0 Upstream Signal Data Prog. Sat Arrival Green Cycle Prog. Distance Flow Flow Type Time Length Speed to Signal vph vph sec sec mph feet S2 Left -Turn Through S5 Left -Turn Through Worksheet 3-Data for Computing Effect of Delay to Major Street Vehicles Movement 2 Movement 5 Shared In volume, major th vehicles: 457 235 Shared In volume, major rt vehicles: 10 7 Sat flow rate, major th vehicles: 1700 1700 Sat flow rate, major rt vehicles: 1700 1700 Number of major street through lanes: 1 1 Worksheet 4-Critical Gap and Follow-up Time Calculation Critical Gap Calculation Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R t(c,base) 4.1 4.1 7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 t(c,hv) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 P(hv) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 t(c,g) 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 Grade/100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 t(3,lt) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 t(c,T): 1-stage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2-stage 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 t(c) 1-stage 4.1 4.1 7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 2-stage 4.1 4.1 6.1 5.5 6.2 6.1 5.5 6.2 Follow -Up Time Calculations Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R t(f,base) t(f,HV) P(HV) t(f) 2.20 2.20 3.50 4.00 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 3 3 3 3 3 2.2 2.2 3.5 4.0 3.3 3.30 3.50 4.00 3.30 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 3 3 3 3.5 4.0 3.3 IWorksheet 5-Effect of Upstream Signals Computation 1-Queue Clearance Time at Upstream Signal Movement 2 Movement 5 V(t) V(I,prot) V(t) V(I,prot) V prog Total Saturation Flow Rate, s (vph) Arrival Type Effective Green, g (sec) Cycle Length, C (sec) Rp (from table 9-2) Proportion vehicles arriving on green P g(q1) g(q2) 9(q) Computation 2-Proportion of TWSC Intersection Time blocked Movement 2 Movement 5 V(t) V(I,prot) V(t) V(I,prot) alpha beta Travel time, t(a) (sec) Smoothing Factor, F Proportion of conflicting flow, f Max platooned flow, V(c,max) Min platooned flow, V(c,min) Duration of blocked period, t(p) Proportion time blocked, p 0.000 0.000 iComputation 3-Platoon Event Periods Result �p(2) 0.000 p(5) 0.000 p(dom) p(subo) Constrained or unconstrained? iProportion unblocked (1) (2) (3) for minor Single -stage Two -Stage Process movements, p(x) Process Stage I Stage II P(1) p(4) P(7) p(8) 1 P(9) PO 0) PO 1) p(12) Computation 4 and 5 Single -Stage Process Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R V c,x 242 467 732 724 462 733 725 238 s Px V c,u,x C r,x C plat,x Two -Stage Process 7 8 10 11 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 V(c,x) 472 260 472 252 248 485 248 477 s 1700 1700 1700 1700 P(x) V(c,U,x) C(r,x) C(plat,x) Worksheet 6-Impedance and Capacity Equations Step 1: RT from Minor St. 9 12 Conflicting Flows 462 238 Potential Capacity 598 798 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 598 798 Probability of Queue free St. 0.98 0.98 tStep 2: LT from Major St. 4 1 Conflicting Flows 467 242 Potential Capacity 1089 1319 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 1089 1319 Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Maj L-Shared Prob Q free St. 0.99 0.99 iStep 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 Conflicting Flows 724 725 Potential Capacity 351 350 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.99 0.99 Movement Capacity Probability of Queue free St. 347 346 0.96 0.98 IStep 4: LT from Minor St. 7 10 Conflicting Flows 732 733 Potential Capacity 336 335 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 0.97 0.95 Maj. L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 0.98 0.96 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.96 0.94 Movement Capacity 322 316 Worksheet 7-Computation of the Effect of Two -stage Gap Acceptance Step 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 Part 1 - First Stage Conflicting Flows 472 248 Potential Capacity 557 699 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.99 0.99 Movement Capacity 554 695 Probability of Queue free St. 0.98 0.99 Part 2 - Second Stage Conflicting Flows 252 477 Potential Capacity 697 554 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.99 0.99 Movement Capacity 693 551 Part 3 - Single Stage Conflicting Flows 724 725 Potential Capacity 351 350 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.99 0.99 Movement Capacity 347 346 Result for 2 stage process: a 0.00 0.00 y 0.00 0.00 C t 347 346 Probability of Queue free St. 0.96 0.98 Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 10 cart i - rust Stage Conflicting Flows 472 248 Potential Capacity 571 754 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.99 0.99 Movement Capacity 568 750 Part 2 - Second Stage Conflicting Flows 260 485 Potential Capacity 743 561 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.97 0.95 Movement Capacity 718 533 Part 3 - Single Stage Conflicting Flows 732 733 Potential Capacity 336 335 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 0.97 0.95 Maj. L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 0.98 0.96 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.96 0.94 Movement Capacity 322 316 Results for Two -stage process: a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 C t 322 316 Worksheet 8-Shared Lane Calculations ' Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R Volume (vph) 24 13 13 11 7 15 Movement Capacity (vph) 322 347 598 316 346 798 Shared Lane Capacity (vph) 439 447 Worksheet 9-Computation of Effect of Flared Minor Street Approaches Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R C sep 322 347 598 316 346 798 Volume 24 13 13 11 7 15 Delay Q sep Q sep +1 round (Qsep +1) _ n max 1 C sh 439 447 SUM C sep n ' C act Worksheet 10-Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lane Config LTR LTR L TR LTR v (vph) 5 5 24 26 33 C(m)(vph) 1319 1089 322 439 447 v/c 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.06 0.07 95% queue length 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.06 0.15 Control Delay 7.7 8.3 17.1 13.7 13.7 LOS A A C B B Approach Delay 15.3 13.7 Approach LOS C B 1 1 Worksheet 11-Shared Major LT Impedance and Delay Movement 2 Movement 5 p(oj) 1.00 1.00 v(il), Volume for stream 2 or 5 457 v(i2), Volume for stream 3 or 6 10 s(il), Saturation flow rate for stream 2 or 5 1700 s(i2), Saturation flow rate for stream 3 or 6 1700 P*(oj) 0.99 0.99 d(M,LT), Delay for stream 1 or 4 7.7 N, Number of major street through lanes 1 d(rank,1) Delay for stream 2 or 5 0.0 1 I C t 1 235 7 1700 1700 8.3 1 0.0 IHCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.2 TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY Intersection: Route 277 & Route 636 Analyst: PHRA Project No.: PM Peak Date: 2005 Background East/West Street: Route 277 North/South Street: Route 636 Intersection Orientation: EW Study period (hrs): 1.00 tMajor Street: Approach Movement 1 L T R I L T R Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Eastbound Westbound 2 3 1 4 5 6 Volume 19 207 16 604 Flow Rate, HFR 20 217 16 635 IHourly Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 -- 3 -- Median Type Undivided RT Channelized? Lanes 0 1 0 1 Configuration LTR LTR 1 Upstream Signal? No No Minor Street: Approach Northbound Southbound Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 L T R I L T R volume zo Hourly Flow Rate, HFR Percent Heavy Vehicles IPercent Grade (%) Median Storage 1 Flared Approach: Exists? Storage RT Channelized? Lanes 1 1 ' Configuration L rApproach Movement Lane Config v (vph) 20 16 26 9 38 C(m)(vph) 935 1293 209 354 340 v/c 0.02 0.01 0.12 0.03 0.11 95% queue length 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.36 Control Delay 8.9 7.8 24.7 15.4 16.9 LOS A A C C C Approach Delay 22.3 16.9 Approach LOS C C 5 4 8 6 23 26 5 4 8 6 24 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 No No 0 0 1 0 TR LTR Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service EB WB Northbound Southbound 1 4 1 7 8 9 1 10 11 12 LTR LTR I L TR I LTR 1 1 HCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.2 Phone: Fax: ' E-Mail: TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL(TWSC) ANALYSIS Intersection: Route 277 & Route 636 City/State: Analyst: PHRA Project No.: PM Peak Time period Analyzed: Date: 2005 Background East/West Street: Route 277 North/South Street: Route 636 Intersection Orientation: EW Major Street Movements L T Study period (hrs): 1.00 _Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments, 1 2 3 4 5 6 R L T R Volume 19 207 16 604 Peak -Hour Factor, PHF 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 Peak-15 Minute Volume 5 54 4 159 Hourly Flow Rate, HFR 20 217 16 635 Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 -- 3 -- Median Type Undivided iRT Channelized? Lanes 0 1 0 1 Configuration LTR LTR Upstream Signal? No No Minor Street Movements 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R Volume 25 1 Peak Hour Factor, PHF Peak-15 Minute Volume Hourly Flow Rate, HFR Percent Heavy Vehicles Percent Grade (%) Median Storage 1 Flared Approach: Exists? Storage RT Channelized? 1 Lanes 1 1 5 4 8 6 23 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 7 1 1 2 2 6 26 5 4 8 6 24 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 No No 0 0 1 0 IConfiguration L TR LTR Pedestrian Volumes and Adjustments Movements 13 , 14 15 16 'Flow (ped/hr) 0 0 0 0 Lane Width (ft) 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Walking Speed (ft/sec) 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Percent Blockage 0 0 0 0 A- Upstream Signal Data Prog. Sat Arrival Green Cycle Prog. Distance Flow Flow Type Time Length Speed to Signal ' vph vph sec sec mph feet S2 Left -Turn Through S5 Left -Turn Through Worksheet 3-Data for Computing Effect of Delay to Major Street Vehicles Movement 2 Movement 5 Shared In volume, major th vehicles: 217 635 Shared In volume, major rt vehicles: 48 10 Sat flow rate, major th vehicles: 1700 1700 Sat flow rate, major rt vehicles: 1700 1700 Number of major street through lanes: 1 1 ' Worksheet 4-Critical Gap and Follow-up Time Calculation Critical Gap Calculation Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R t(c,base) 4.1 4.1 7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 t(c,hv) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 P(hv) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 t(c,g) 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 Grade/100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 't(3,lt) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 t(c,T): 1-stage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2-stage 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 t(c) 1-stage 4.1 4.1 7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 2-stage 4.1 4.1 6.1 5.5 6.2 6.1 5.5 6.2 Ironow-up i ime uaicuiavons Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R 2.20 2.20 3.50 4.00 3.30 3.50 4.00 3.30 't(f,base) t(f,HV) 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 P(HV) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 t(f) 2.2 2.2 3.5 4.0 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.3 I Worksheet 5-Effect of Upstream Signals Computation 1-Queue Clearance Time at Upstream Signal 1 Movement 2 Movement 5 V(t) V(I,prot) V(t) V(I,prot) V prog Total Saturation Flow Rate, s (vph) Arrival Type Effective Green, g (sec) Cycle Length, C (sec) Rp (from table 9-2) Proportion vehicles arriving on green P g(q1) g(q2) 9(q) Computation 2-Proportion of TWSC Intersection Time blocked Movement 2 Movement 5 V(t) V(I,prot) V(t) V(I,prot) 'alpha beta Travel time, t(a) (sec) Smoothing Factor, F Proportion of conflicting flow, f Max platooned flow, V(c,max) Min platooned flow, V(c,min) Duration of blocked period, t(p) Proportion time blocked, p 0.000 Computation 3-Platoon Event Periods Result p(2) 0.000 p(5) 0.000 p(dom) 'p(subo) Constrained or unconstrained? Proportion unblocked for minor ' movements, p(x) P(1) P(4) P(7) P(8) HI (1) (2) (3) Single -stage Two -Stage Process Process Stage I Stage II 'PO 0) PO 1) p(12) ' Computation 4 and 5 Single -Stage Process Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 ' L L L T R L T R V c,x 645 265 968 958 241 958 977 640 S Px ' V c,u,x. C r,x C plat,x Two -Stage Process 7 8 10 11 ' Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 V(c,x) 281 687 281 677 672 286 672 305 s 1700 1700 1700 1700 P(x) V(C,U,x) C(r,x) ' C(plat,x) Worksheet 6-Impedance and Capacity Equations Step 1: RT from Minor St. 9 12 Conflicting Flows 241 640 Potential Capacity 795 474 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 795 474 Probability of Queue free St. 0.99 0.95 ' Step 2: LT from Major St. 4 1 Conflicting Flows 265 645 Potential Capacity 1293 935 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 1293 935 Probability of Queue free St. 0.99 0.98 Maj L-Shared Prob Q free St. 0.98 0.97 ' Step 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 Flows 958 977 'Conflicting Potential Capacity 256 250 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.96 0.96 Movement Capacity 245 239 Probability of Queue free St. 0.98 0.97 ' Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 10 Conflicting Flows 968 958 'Potential Capacity 232 236 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 0.93 0.94 'Maj. L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 0.95 0.95 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.90 0.95 Movement Capacity 209 223 Worksheet 7-Computation of the Effect of Two -stage Gap Acceptance Step 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 'Part 1 - First Stage Conflicting Flows 281 672 Potential Capacity 677 453 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.97 0.98 Movement Capacity 660 444 Probability of Queue free St. 0.99 0.99 Part 2 - Second Stage 'Conflicting Flows 677 305 Potential Capacity 451 660 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 'Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.98 0.97 Movement Capacity 442 643 Part 3 - Single Stage Conflicting Flows 958 977 Potential Capacity 256 250 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.96 0.96 Movement Capacity 245 239 ' Result for 2 stage process: a 0.00 0.00 'y 0.00 0.00 C t 245 239 Probability of Queue free St. 0.98 0.97 Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 10 'Part 1 - First Stage Conflicting Flows 281 672 Potential Capacity 724 444 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.97 0.98 Movement Capacity 706 435 'Part 2 - Second Stage Conflicting Flows 687 286 Potential Capacity 435 719 Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 'Pedestrian Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.92 0.96 Movement Capacity 399 692 Part 3 - Single Stage Conflicting Flows 968 958 Potential Capacity 232 236 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 0.93 0.94 L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 0.95 0.95 'Maj. Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 0.90 0.95 Movement Capacity 209 223 Results for Two -stage process: a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ' C t 209 223 ' Worksheet 8-Shared Lane Calculations Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 ' L T R L T R Volume (vph) 26 5 4 8 6 24 Movement Capacity (vph) 209 245 795 223 239 474 Shared Lane Capacity (vph) 354 340 Worksheet 9-Computation of Effect of Flared Minor Street Approaches ' Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R r C sep Volume 'Delay Q sep Q sep +1 ' round (Qsep +1) n max C sh SUM C sep n ' C act 209 245 795 223 239 474 26 5 4 8 6 24 354 340 IWorksheet 10-Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lane Config LTR LTR L TR LTR v (vph) 20 16 26 9 38 C(m)(vph) 935 1293 209 354 340 v/c 0.02 0.01 0.12 0.03 0.11 95% queue length 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.36 Control Delay 8.9 7.8 24.7 15.4 16.9 'LOS A A C C C Approach Delay 22.3 16.9 Approach LOS C C 11 . I . Worksheet 11-Shared Major LT Impedance and Delay Movement 2 Movement 5 0.98 0.99 'p(oj) v(il), Volume for stream 2 or 5 217 635 v(i2), Volume for stream 3 or 6 48 10 Saturation flow rate for stream 2 or 5 1700 1700 's(il), s(i2), Saturation flow rate for stream 3 or 6 1700 1700 P*(oj) 0.97 0.98 'd(M,LT), Delay for stream 1 or 4 8.9 7.8 N, Number of major street through lanes 1 1 d(rank,1) Delay for stream 2 or 5 0.2 0.2 I 1 1 F 1 I IHCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.2 1 1 TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY Intersection: Existing Driveway & Route 522 Analyst: PHRA Project No.: AM Peak Date: 2005 Background East/West Street: Existing Driveway North/South Street: Route 522/340 Intersection Orientation: NS Study period (hrs): 1.00 Major Street: Approach Movement 1 L T Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Northbound Southbound 2 3 4 5 6 R L T R Volume 1 722 714 1 Flow Rate, HFR 1 802 793- 1 'Hourly Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 -- - Median Type Undivided Channelized? 'RT Lanes 0 2 2 0 Configuration LT T T TR Upstream Signal? No No Minor Street: Approach Westbound Eastbound Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 ' L T R I L T R 'voiume i i Hourly Flow Rate, HFR 1 1 Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 3 Percent Grade (%) 0 0 Median Storage 1 Flared Approach: Exists? No Storage RT Channelized? Lanes 0 0 ' Configuration LR Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Approach NB SB Westbound Eastbound Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lane Config LT LR v (vph) 1 2 (vph) 817 273 'C(m) v/c 0.00 0.01 95% queue length 0.00 0.00 Delay 9.4 18.3 'Control LOS A C Approach Delay 18.3 Approach LOS C F HCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.2 1 Phone: Fax: ' E-Mail: TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL(TWSC) ANALYSIS, ' Intersection: Existing Driveway & Route 522 City/State: 'Analyst: PHRA Project No.: AM Peak Time period Analyzed: 'Date: 2005 Background East/West Street: Existing Driveway North/South Street: Route 522/340 ' Intersection Orientation: NS Study period (hrs): 1.00 Major Street Movements 1 ' L T R Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments. 2 3 4 5 6 L T R Volume 1 722 Peak -Hour Factor, PHF 0.90 0.90 Peak-15 Minute Volume 0 201 Hourly Flow Rate, HFR 1 802 Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 -- Median Type Undivided Channelized? 'RT Lanes 0 2 Configuration LT T ' Upstream Signal? No 714 1 0.90 0.90 198 0 - 793 - 1 2 0 T TR No Minor Street Movements 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R Volume 'Peak Hour Factor, PHF Peak-15 Minute Volume Hourly Flow Rate, HFR 'Percent Heavy Vehicles Percent Grade (%) Median Storage 1 ' Flared Approach: Exists? Storage RT Channelized? Lanes 1 1 0.90 0.90 0 0 1 1 3 3 0 0 No I Configuration LR Movements _Pedestrian Volumes and Adjustments, 13 14 15 16 'Flow (ped/hr) 0 0 0 0 Lane Width (ft) 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Walking Speed (ft/sec) 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Percent Blockage 0 0 0 0 ' Upstream Signal Data Prog. Sat Arrival Green Cycle Prog. Distance Flow Flow Type Time Length Speed to Signal vph vph sec sec mph feet S2 Left -Turn 'Through S5 Left -Turn Through Worksheet 3-Data for Computing Effect of Delay to Major Street Vehicles ' Movement 2 Movement 5 Shared In volume, major th vehicles: 0 Shared In volume, major rt vehicles: 0 Sat flow rate, major th vehicles: 1700 Sat flow rate, major rt vehicles: 1700 Number of major street through lanes: 2 ' Worksheet 4-Critical Gap and Follow-up Time Calculation 'Critical Gap Calculation Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R ' t(c,base) 4.1 7.5 6.9 t(c,hv) 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 3 3 3 'P(hv) t(c,g) 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 Grade/100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 t(3,lt) 0.00 0.70 0.00 t(c,T): 1-stage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2-stage 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 t(c) 1-stage 4.2 6.9 7.0 2-stage 4.2 5.9 7.0 Follow -Up Time Calculations Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R t(f,base) t(f,HV) P(HV) t(f) 2.20 3.50 3.30 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3 3 3 2.2 3.5 3.3 IWorksheet 5-Effect of Upstream Signals Computation 1-Queue Clearance Time at Upstream Signal Movement 2 Movement 5 ' V(t) V(I,prot) V(t) V(I,prot) V prog Total Saturation Flow Rate, s (vph) Arrival Type Effective Green, g (sec) Cycle Length, C (sec) Rp (from table 9-2) Proportion vehicles arriving on green P g(q1) 9(q2) ■ g(q) Computation 2-Proportion of TWSC Intersection Time blocked Movement 2 Movement 5 V(t) V(I,prot) V(t) V(I,prot) alpha beta Travel time, t(a) (sec) Smoothing Factor, F Proportion of conflicting flow, f Max platooned flow, V(c,max) Min platooned flow, V(c,min) Duration of blocked period, t(p) Proportion time blocked, p 0.000 0.000 Computation 3-Platoon Event Periods Result p(2) 0.000 p(5) 0.000 p(dom) p(subo) Constrained or unconstrained? Proportion unblocked (1) (2) (3) for minor Single -stage Two -Stage Process movements, p(x) Process Stage I Stage II P(1) 'p(4) P(7) P(8) P(9) 'P(10) PO 1) P(12) Computation 4 and 5 Single -Stage Process Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R V c,x 794 1197 397 s 1 Px V c,u,x C r,x C plat,x Two -Stage Process 7 8 10 11 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 V(c,x) 794 403 s 3400 P(x) V(C,U,x) C(r,x) C(plat,x) jWorksheet 6-Impedance and Capacity Equations Step 1: RT from Minor St. 9 12 Conflicting Flows 397 Potential Capacity 600 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 600 Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Step 2: LT from Major St. 4 1 Conflicting Flows 794 Potential Capacity 817 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 817 Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Maj L-Shared Prob Q free St. 1.00 Step 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 Conflicting Flows Potential Capacity Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 10 Conflicting Flows 1197 Potential Capacity 177 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 177 Worksheet 7-Computation of the Effect of Two -stage Gap Acceptance Step 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 Part 1 - First Stage Conflicting Flows Potential Capacity 398 403 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 398 403 Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Part 2 - Second Stage Conflicting Flows Potential Capacity 403 398 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 403 398 Part 3 - Single Stage Conflicting Flows Potential Capacity Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity Result for 2 stage process: a 0.00 0.00 C t 0.00 0.00 Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 10 raft _i - rirsi aiage Conflicting Flows 794 Potential Capacity 406 403 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 406 403 Part 2 - Second Stage Conflicting Flows 403 Potential Capacity 655 641 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 654 640 Part 3 - Single Stage Conflicting Flows 1197 Potential Capacity 177 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 177 Results for Two -stage process: a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 C t 177 Worksheet 8-Shared Lane Calculations Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R Volume (vph) 1 1 Movement Capacity (vph) 177 600 Shared Lane Capacity (vph) 273 Worksheet 9-Computation of Effect of Flared Minor Street Approaches Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R C sep 177 600 Volume 1 1 Delay Q sep Q sep +1 round (Qsep +1) n max C sh SUM C sep 273 n C act Worksheet 10-Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lane Config LT LR v (vph) 1 2 C(m)(vph) 817 273 v/c 0.00 0.01 95% queue length 0.00 0.00 Control Delay 9.4 18.3 LOS A C Approach Delay 18.3 Approach LOS C Worksheet 11-Shared Major LT Impedance and Delay Movement 2 Movement 5 p(oj) 1.00 1.00 v(il), Volume for stream 2 or 5 0 v(i2), Volume for stream 3 or 6 0 s(il), Saturation flow rate for stream 2 or 5 1700 s(i2), Saturation flow rate for stream 3 or 6 1700 P*(oj) 1.00 d(M,LT), Delay for stream 1 or 4 9.4 N, Number of major street through lanes 2 d(rank,1) Delay for stream 2 or 5 1-1 1 ll I IHCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.2 1 i TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY Intersection: Existing Driveway & Route 522 Analyst: PHRA Project No.: PM Peak Date: 2005 Background East/West Street: Existing Driveway North/South Street: Route 522/340 Intersection Orientation: NS Study period (hrs): 1.00 Major Street: Approach Movement 1 L T Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Northbound Southbound 2 3 4 5 6 R L T R Volume 1 1022 837 1 Hourly Flow Rate, HFR 1 1135 1 Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 - --930 Median Type Undivided RT Channelized? Lanes 0 2 2 0 Configuration LT T T TR Upstream Signal? No No Minor Street: Approach Westbound Eastbound Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R I L T R Volume Hourly Flow Rate, HFR Percent Heavy Vehicles Percent Grade (%) Median Storage 1 Flared Approach: Exists? Storage RT Channelized? Lanes Configuration Approach Movement Lane Config v (vph) 1 C(m) (vph) 724 v/c 0.00 95% queue length 0.00 Control Delay 10.0- LOS A Approach Delay Approach LOS I NB 1 LT 1 1 1 1 3 3 0 0 IM 0 0 LR Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service SB Westbound Eastbound 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 LR 2 186 0.01 0.00 24.6 C 24.6 C IHCS: Unsignalized Intersections Release 3.2 I Phone: Fax: E-Mail: TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL(TWSC) ANALYSIS ' Intersection: Existing Driveway & Route 522 City/State: Analyst: PHRA Project No.: PM Peak Time period Analyzed: Date: 2005 Background East/West Street: Existing Driveway North/South Street: Route 522/340 Intersection Orientation: NS Study period (hrs): 1.00 Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments 1 Major Street Movements 1 2 3 4 5 6 L T R L T R Volume 1 1022 837 1 Peak -Hour Factor, PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 Peak-15 Minute Volume 0 284 232 0 Hourly Flow Rate, HFR 1 1135 -- 930 1 Percent Heavy Vehicles 3 - Median Type Undivided RT Channelized? Lanes 0 2 2 0 Configuration LT T T TR Upstream Signal? No No Minor Street Movements 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 L T R L T R Volume jPeak Hour Factor, PHF Peak-15 Minute Volume Hourly Flow Rate, HFR Percent Heavy Vehicles Percent Grade (%) Median Storage 1 Flared Approach: Exists? Storage RT Channelized? ' Lanes 0 1 1 0.90 0 1 3 0 im 0.90 0 1 3 IConfiguration LR ■ Movements Flow (ped/hr) Lane Width (ft) Walking Speed (ft/sec) Percent Blockage _Pedestrian Volumes and Adjustments. 13 14 15 16 0 0 0 0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 0 0 0 0 R. Upstream Signal Data Prog. Sat Arrival Green Cycle Prog. Distance Flow Flow Type Time Length Speed to Signal vph vph sec sec mph feet S2 Left -Turn Through S5 Left -Turn Through Worksheet 3-Data for Computing Effect of Delay to Major Street Vehicles Movement 2 Movement 5 Shared In volume, major th vehicles: 0 Shared In volume, major rt vehicles: 0 Sat flow rate, major th vehicles: 1700 Sat flow rate, major rt vehicles: 1700 Number of major street through lanes: 2 Worksheet 4-Critical Gap and Follow-up Time Calculation Critical Gap Calculation Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R t(c,base) 4.1 7.5 6.9 t(c,hv) 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 P(hv) 3 3 3 t(c,g) 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 '0.20 0.10 Grade/100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 t(3,lt) 0.00 0.70 0.00 t(c,T): 1-stage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2-stage 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 t(c) 1-stage 4.2 6.9 7.0 2-stage 4.2 5.9 7.0 Follow -Up Time Calculations Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R 1 I 1 1� t(f,base) t(f,HV) P(HV) t(f) 2.20 3.50 3.30 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3 3 3 2.2 3.5 3.3 Worksheet 5-Effect of Upstream Signals Computation 1-Queue Clearance Time at Upstream Signal Movement 2 Movement 5 V(t) V(I,prot) V(t) V(I,prot) V prog Total Saturation Flow Rate, s (vph) Arrival Type Effective Green, g (sec) Cycle Length, C (sec) Rp (from table 9-2) Proportion vehicles arriving on green P g(q1) g(q2) g(q) Computation 2-Proportion of TWSC Intersection Time blocked Movement 2 Movement 5 V(t) V(I,prot) V(t) V(I,prot) alpha beta Travel time, t(a) (sec) iSmoothing Factor, F Proportion of conflicting flow, f Max platooned flow, V(c,max) Min platooned flow, V(c,min) Duration of blocked period, t(p) Proportion time blocked, p 0.000 0.000 Computation 3-Platoon Event Periods Result p(2) 0.000 P(5) 0.000 p(dom) p(subo) Constrained or unconstrained? Proportion unblocked (1) (2) (3) for minor Single -stage Two -Stage Process movements, p(x) Process Stage I Stage 11 P(1) p(4) P(7) P(8) P(9) PO 0) PO 1) p(12) Computation 4 and 5 Single -Stage Process Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 L L L T R L T R V c,x 931 1499 466 s . Px V c,u,x C r,x C plat,x Two -Stage Process 7 8 10 11 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 Stage1 Stage2 V(c,x) 930 569 s 3400 P(x) V(C,U,x) C(r,x) 1 C(plat,x) Worksheet 6-Impedance and Capacity Equations Step 1: RT from Minor St. 9 12 Conflicting Flows 466 Potential Capacity 541 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 541 Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Step 2: LT from Major St. 4 1 Conflicting Flows 931 Potential Capacity 724 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 724 Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Maj L-Shared Prob Q free St. 1.00 iStep 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 Conflicting Flows Potential Capacity Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 10 Conflicting Flows 1499 'Potential Capacity 112 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 112 Worksheet 7-Computation of the Effect of Two -stage Gap Acceptance Step 3: TH from Minor St. 8 11 Part 1 - First Stage Conflicting Flows Potential Capacity 279 349 iPedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 279 349 Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Part 2 - Second Stage 'Conflicting Flows Potential Capacity 348 279 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 348 279 Part 3 - Single Stage Conflicting Flows Potential Capacity Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity Result for 2 stage process: a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ct Probability of Queue free St. 1.00 1.00 Step 4: LT from Minor St. 7 10 Part 1 - First Stage Conflicting Flows 930 Potential Capacity 272 342 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 272 342 Part 2 - Second Stage Conflicting Flows 569 Potential Capacity 604 527 'Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 603 526 Part 3 - Single Stage Conflicting Flows 1499 Potential Capacity 112 Pedestrian Impedance Factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Impedance factor 1.00 1.00 Maj. L, Min T Adj. Imp Factor. 1.00 1.00 Cap. Adj. factor due to Impeding mvmnt 1.00 1.00 Movement Capacity 112 Results for Two -stage process: a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 C t 112 ' Worksheet 8-Shared Lane Calculations Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R 'Volume (vph) 1 1 Movement Capacity (vph) 112 541 Shared Lane Capacity (vph) 186 Worksheet 9-Computation of Effect of Flared Minor Street Approaches Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R C sep 112 541 Volume 1 1 Delay Q sep Q sep +1 round (Qsep +1) n max sh 186 tC SUM C sep n C act 1 Worksheet 10-Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lane Config LT LR v (vph) 1 2 C(m)(vph) 724 186 v/c 0.00 0.01 95% queue length 0.00 0.00 Control Delay 10.0- 24.6 LOS A C Approach Delay 24.6 Approach LOS C 1 Worksheet 11-Shared Major LT Impedance and Delay Movement 2 Movement 5 p(oj) 1.00 1.00 v(il), Volume for stream 2 or 5 0 v(i2), Volume for stream 3 or 6 0 Saturation flow rate for stream 2 or 5 1700 's(il), s(i2), Saturation flow rate for stream 3 or 6 1700 P*(oj) 1.00 d(M,LT), Delay for stream 1 or 4 10.0- N, Number of major street through lanes 2 d(rank,1) Delay for stream 2 or 5 1 1 fi 1 r HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 Inter: Route 277 & Route 636 City/St: Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA Proj #: 2007 Build -out Conditions Date: 3/15/01 Period: AM Peak E/W St: Route 277 N/S St: Route 636 SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY r Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound L T R L T R I L T R L T R rNo. Lanes 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 ( 0 1 0 LGConfig LTR LTR L TR LTR Volume I5 586 34 15 351 7 142 12 12 I10 7 14 Lane Width 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 12.0 RTOR Vol 0 0 1 0 0 r -- Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 EB Left A NB Left A Thru A Thru A Right A Right A 'Peds Peds WB Left A I SB Left A Thru A Thru A ' Right A Right A Peds Peds NB Right EB Right 'SB Right WB Right Green 60.0 32.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 All Red 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 100.0 secs 1 r i 1 1 r 1 'Intersection Performance Summary Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group Approach Lane Group Flow Rate ' Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C Delay LOS Delay LOS Eastbound LTR 985 1642 "`, 0.71 0.600 16.2 B 16.2 B ' Westbound LTR 985 1642 0.41 0.600 10.9 B 10.9 B Northbound L 434 1355 0.11 0.320 24.1 C TR 546 1706 0.05 0.320 23.5 C 23.9 C Southbound LTR 470 1468 0.07 0.320 23.8 C 23.8 C Intersection Delay = 15.1 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = B HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 Phone: Fax: E-Mail: OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS Intersection: City/State: Route 277 Shenandoah & Route 636 Analyst: PHRA Project No: Time Period Analyzed: 2007 Build -out Conditions AM Peak Date: 3/15/01 East/West Street Name: Route 277 North/South Street Name: Route 636 Volume PHF PK 15 Vol Hi Ln Vol % Grade Ideal Sat Eastbound L T R �5 586 34 �0.90 0.90 0.90 �2 163 9 0 1900 ParkExist NumPark % Heavy VehJ3 3 3 No. Lanes 0 1 0 LGConfig LTR Lane Width 12.0 RTOR Vol 0 Adj Flow 695 %InSharedLni Prop Turns 10.01 0.05 NumPeds 0 NumBus 0 %RightsInProtPhase 0 Duration 1.00 Area ' VOLUME DATA Westbound L T R I 15 351 7 10.90 0.90 0.90 {2 98 2 0 1900 13 3 3 0 1 0 LTR 12.0 0 404 10.01 0.02 0 0 0 Cype: All other Northbound L T R 142 12 12 I0.90 0.90 0.90 112 3 3 0 1900 1900 3 3 3 1 1 0 L TR 12.0 12.0 0 47 26 0.50 0 0 0 0 Lreas Southbound L T R 10 7 14 0.90 0.90 0.90 3 2 4 0 1900 3 3 3 0 1 0 LTR 12.0 0 35 0.31 0.46 0 0 0 ' OPERATING PARAMETERS ' Init Unmet Eastbound L T R Westbound L T R Northbound L T R 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 Arriv. Type 3 1 3 13 3 Unit Ext. 1 3.0 3.0 13.0 3.0 I Factor ( 1.000 1.000 1 1.000 Lost Time 2.0 ( 2.0 12.0 2.0 Ext of g 2.0 2.0 12.0 2.0 Ped Min g 3.0 3.0 1 3.0 Southbound L T R 0.0 3 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 3.0 PHASE DATA ' Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 EB Left A NB Left A 1 Thru Right A A Thru Right A A Peds Peds ' WB Left A SB Left A Thru A I Thru A Right A ( Right A ' Peds Peds NB Right EB Right SB Right WB Right Green 60.0 32.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 ' All Red 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 100.0 secs ' VOLUME ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Adjusted Prop. Prop. 'Appr./ Mvt Flow No. Lane Flow Rate Left Right Movement Volume PHF Rate Lanes Group RTOR In Lane Grp Turns Turns ' Eastbound Left 5 0.90 6N 0 Thru 586 0.90 651 1 LTR 695 0.01 0.05 Right 34 0.90 38 0 0 Westbound ' Left 5 0.90 6 0 Thru 351 0.90 390 1 LTR 404 0.01 0.02 Right 7 0.90 8 0 0 ' Northbound Left 42 0.90 47 1 L 47 Thru 12 0.90 13 1 TR 26 0.50 ' Right 12 0.90 13 0 0 Southbound ' Left 10 0.90 11 0 Thru 7 0.90 8 1 LTR 35 0.31 0.46 Right 14 0.90 16 0 0 * Value entered by user. ' SATURATION FLOW ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Appr/ Ideal Lane Sat f f f f f f f f f Group Flow W HV G P BB A LU RT LT 'Eastbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: LTR 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 0 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.893 0.997 ' Westbound Sec LT Ad'J/ LT Sat: ' LTR 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.897 0.992 Northbound Sec LT Adj/LTSat: - L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.734 TR 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.925 1.000 Southbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: ' LTR 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.838 0.949 Adj Sat Flow 1642 1642 1355 1706 1468 ' CAPACITY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET Adj Adj Sat Flow Green --Lane Group-- Appr/ Lane Flow Rate Flow Rate Ratio Ratio Capacity v/c ' Mvmt Group (v) (s) (v/s) (g/C) (c) Ratio Eastbound Pri. Sec. Left ' Thru LTR 695 1642 # 0.42 0.600 985 0.71 Right Westbound ' Pri. Sec. Left Thru LTR 404 1642 0.25 0.600 985 0.41 ' Right Northbound Pri. Sec. ' Left L Thru TR Right Southbound Pri. Sec. Left Thru LTR Right 47 26 35 1355 # 1706 1468 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.320 434 0.11 0.320 546 0.05 0.320 470 0.07 Sum (v/s) critical = 0.46 ' Lost Time/Cycle, L = 8.00 sec Critical v/c(X) = 0.50 'LEVEL OF SERVICE WORKSHEET Appr/ Ratios Unf Prog Lane Incremental Res Lane Group Approach Lane Del Adj Grp Factor Del Del ' Grp v/c g/C di Fact Cap k d2 d3 Delay LOS Delay LOS Eastbound LTR 0.71 0.600 13.9 1.00`0 985 0.27 2.4 0.0 16.2 B 16.2 B ' Westbound LTR 0.41 0.600 10.6 1.000 985 0.11 0.3 0.0 10.9 B 10.9 B ' Northbound L 0.11 0.320 23.9 1.000 434 0.11 0.1 0.0 24.1 C ' TR 0.05 0.320 23.5 1.000 546 0.11 0.0 0.0 23.5 C 23.9 C Southbound ' LTR 0.07 0.320 23.7 1.000 470 0.11 0.1 0.0 23.8 C 23.8 C Intersection Delay = 15.1 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = B 1 ' SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for exclusive lefts APPROACH EB WB NB .SB Cycle Length, C 100.0 sec Actual Green Time for Lane Group, G 32.0 Effective Green Time for Lane Group, g 32.0 Opposing Effective Green Time, go 32.0 of Lanes in Lane Group, N 1 'Number Number of Opposing Lanes, No 1 Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt 47 Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto 0.31 Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo 35 Lost Time for Lane Group, tl 4.00 Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo 1.31 0.97 Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) 1.00 gf=[Gexp(- a * (LTC ** b))]-tl, gf<=g 0.0 Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) 0.68 gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) 0.00 gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf 32.00 'n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 0.00 Ptho=1-Plto 0.69 Pl*=Plt [l+{ (N-1)g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4.24) )] 1.00 Ell (Figure 9-7) 1.36 E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 1.00 fmin=2(1+Plt)/g or fmin=2(1+P1)/g 0.13 0.00 'gdiff=max(gq-gf,0) fm=[gf/g]+[gu/g] [l/{1+P1(Ell-1))], (min=fmin;max=1.00) 0.73 flt=fm= [gf/g] +gdiff [1/{l+Plt (E12-1) )] + [gu/g] [1/ (1+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1.0) or flt= [fm+0.91 (N-1) ] /N** ' fit 0.734 1 For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If Pl>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>1, then assume de -facto ' left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach ' or when gf>gq, see text. 1 11 ' SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for shared lefts ' APPROACH EB WB NB SB Cycle Length, C 100.0 sec Actual Green Time for Lane Group, G 60.0 60.0 32.0 Effective Green Time for Lane Group, g 60.0 60.0 32.0 Opposing Effective Green Time, go 60.0 60.0 32.0 of Lanes in Lane Group, N 1 1 1 'Number Number of Opposing Lanes, No 1 1 1 Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt 6 6 11 Proportion of Left Turns in Lane Group, Plt 0.01 0.01. 0.31 Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto 0.01 0.01 0.00 Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo 404 695 26 'Lost Time for Lane Group, tl Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 4.00 0.17 4.00 0.17 4.00 0.31 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo 11.22 19.31 0.72 Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) 1.00 1.00 1.00 gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g 41.4 41.4 18.0 Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) 0.40 0.40 0.68 gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) 7.80 13.84 0.00 gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf 18.59 18.59 14.05 n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ptho=1-Plto 0.99 0.99 1.00 'Pl*=Plt[l+f(N-1)g/(gf+gu/Ell+4.24))) 0.01 0.01 0.31 Ell (Figure 9-7) 2.09 2.78 1.41 E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 fmin=2(1+Plt)/g or fmin=2(1+P1)/g 0.03 0.03 0.08 gdiff=max(gq-gf,0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 fm= [gf/g] + [gu/g] [l/ f l+Pl (Ell-1)) ] , (min=fmin;max=1. 00) 1.00 0.99 0.95 [gf/g] +gdiff [1/ f 1+Plt (E12-1) } ] 'flt=fm= + [gu/g] [1/ (1+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1.0) or flt= [fm+0.91 (N-1) ] /N** flt Primary 0.997 0.992 0.949 For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If Pl>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>1, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. 'For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. 11 G SUPPLEMENTAL UNIFORM DELAY WORKSHEET ' Adj. LT Vol from Vol Adjustment Worksheet, v v/c ratio from Capacity Worksheet, X Primary phase effective green, g Secondary phase effective green, gq (From Supplemental Permitted LT Worksheet), gu Cycle length, C 100.0 Red=(C-g-gq-gu), r Arrivals: v/(3600(max(X,1.0))), qa Primary ph. departures: s13600, sp Secondary ph. departures: s(gq+gu)/(gu*3600), ss XPerm XProt XCase Queue at beginning of green arrow, Qa Queue at beginning of unsaturated green, Qu Residual queue, Qr ' Uniform Delay, di EBLT WBLT NBLT SBLT DELAY/LOS WORKSHEET WITH INITIAL QUEUE Initial Dur. Uniform Delay Initial Final Initial Lane Appr/ Unmet Unmet Queue Unmet Queue Group Lane Demand Demand Unadj. Adj. Param. Demand Delay Delay Group Q veh t hrs. ds dl sec u Q veh d3 sec d sec IEastbound Westbound INorthbound Southbound Intersection Delay 15.1 sec/veh Intersection LOS B ERROR MESSAGES INo errors to report. 1 HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 Inter: Route 277 & Route 636 City/St: Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA Proj #: 2007 Build -out Conditions Date: 3/15/01 Period: PM Peak E/W St: Route 277 N/S St: Route 636 SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound L T R ( L T R I L T R I L T R No. Lanes 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 LGConfig LTR LTR L TR LTR Volume 119 489 86 116 897 10 167 5 4 18 6 23 Lane Width 1 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 12.0 RTOR Vol 1 27 3 1 1 7 Duration 0.25 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 I 5 6 7 8 EB Left A NB Left A Thru A Thru A Right A ( Right A Peds Peds WB Left A SB Left A Thru A Thru A ' Right A Right A Peds Peds NB Right EB Right SB Right WB Right Green 64.0 28.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 All Red 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 100.0 secs Intersection Performance Summary Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group Approach Lane Group Flow Rate Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C Delay LOS Delay LOS Eastbound LTR 1003 1567 `- 0.60 0.640 11.4 B 11.4 B ' Westbound LTR 1048 1638 0.92 0.640 29.1 C 29.1 C Northbound L 381 1359 0.19 0.280 27.6 C TR 487 1741 0.02 0.280 26.1 C 27.4 C Southbound LTR 411 1468 0.08 0.280 26.6 C 26.6 C Intersection Delay = 22.7 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = C HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 Phone: Fax: E-Mail: OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS Intersection: City/State: Route 277 Shenandoah & Route 636 Analyst: PHRA Project No: Time Period Analyzed: 2007 Build PM Peak -out Conditions Date: 3/15/01 East/West Street Name: Route 277 North/South Street Name: Route 636 Volume PHF PK 15 Vol Hi Ln Vol % Grade Ideal Sat Eastbound L T R (19 489 86 �0.95 0.95 0.95 5 129 23 0 1900 ParkExist NumPark % Heavy VehJ3 3 3 No. Lanes 0 1 0 LGConfig LTR Lane Width 12.0 RTOR Vol 27 Adj Flow 597 %InSharedLni Prop Turns 10.03 0.10 NumPeds 0 NumBus 0 %RightsInProtPhase 0 Duration 0.25 Area ' 1 1 r 063101 V"1 Westbound L T R 116 897 10 10.95 0.95 0.95 ]4 236 3 1 1 0 1 1900 13 3 3 0 1 0 LTR 12.0 3 968 10.02 0.01 1 0 0 0 Cype: All other Northbound L T R I 167 5 4 0.95 0.95 0.95 18 2 1 0 1900 1900 3 3 3 1 1 0 L TR 12.0 12.0 1 71 8 0.38 0 0 0 0 Lreas Southbound L T R I 18 6 23 0.95 0.95 0.95 2 2 6 0 1900 3 3 3 0 1 0 LTR 12.0 7 31 0.26 0.55 0 0 0 Eastbound L T R Init Unmet 0.0 Arriv. Type 3 Unit Ext. 3.0 I Factor 1.000 Lost Time 2.0 Ext of g 2.0 Ped Min g 3.0 Phase Combination 1 2 EB Left A Thru A Right A Peds WB Left A Thru. A Right A Peds NB Right SB Right Green 64.0 Yellow 2.0 All Red 2.0 Cycle Length: 100.0 secs 1 i OPERATING PARAMETERS Westbound Northbound L T R ( L T R I 0.0 3 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 3.0 PHASE DATA 0.0 0.0 3 3 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3 4 5 NB Left A Thru A Right A I Peds SB Left A Thru A Right A Peds EB Right WB Right 28.0 2.0 2.0 Southbound L T R 0.0 3 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 3.0 6 7 8 IVOLUME ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Adjusted Prop. Prop. Appr./ Mvt Flow No. Lane Flow Rate Left Right Movement Volume PHF Rate Lanes Group RTOR In Lane Grp Turns Turns Eastbound Left 19 0.95 20. 0 Thru 489 0.95 515 1 LTR 597 0.03 0.10 Right 86 0.95 62 0 27 Westbound Left 16 0.95 17 0 Thru 897 0.95 944 1 LTR 968 0.02 0.01 Right 10 0.95 7 0 3 Northbound Left 67 0.95 71 1 L 71 Thru 5 0.95 5 1 TR 8 0.38 Right 4 0.95 3 0 1 Southbound Left 8 0.95 8 0 Thru 6 0.95 6 1 LTR 31 0.26 0.55 Right 23 0.95 17 0 7 * Value entered by user. SATURATION FLOW ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Appr/ Ideal Lane Sat f f f f f f f f f Group Flow W HV G P BB A LU RT LT 1 Eastbound Sec LT Adj/LT-Sat: LTR 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.886 0.959 ' Westbound Sec LT Ad'J/ LT Sat: LTR 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.899 0_988 Northbound Sec LT Adj/LTSat: - L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.737 TR 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.944 1.000 Southbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: LTR 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.826 0.964 Adj Sat Flow 1567 1638 1359 1741 1468 CAPACITY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET Adj Adj Sat Flow Green --Lane Group-- Appr/ Lane Flow Rate Flow Rate Ratio Ratio Capacity v/c Mvmt Group (v) (s) (v/s) (g/C) (c) Ratio Eastbound Pri. Sec. Left Thru LTR 597 Right Westbound Pri. ' Sec. Left Thru LTR Right 968 Northbound Pri. ' Sec. Left L 71 Thru TR 8 1 Right Southbound Pri. Sec. Left Thru LTR 31 Right Lost Time/Cycle, L = 8.00 sec 1567 0.38 1638 # 0.59 1359 # 0.05 1741 0.00 0.640 1003 0.60 0.640 1048 0.92 0.280 381 0.19 0.280 487 0.02 1468 0.02 0.280 411 Sum (v/s) critical = 0.64 Critical v/c (X) = 0.70 MKi 3 LEVEL OF SERVICE WORKSHEET Appr/ Ratios Unf Prog Lane Incremental Res Lane Group Approach Lane Del Adj Grp Factor Del Del Grp v/c g/C di Fact Cap k d2 d3 Delay LOS Delay LOS Eastbound 1 LTR 0.60 0.640 10.5 1.000 1003 0.18 1.0 0.0 11.4 B 11.4 B Westbound LTR 0.92 0.640 15.8 1.000 1048 0.44 13.2 0.0 29.1 C 29.1 C ( Northbound. L 0.19 0.280 27.3 1.000 381 0.11 0.2 0.0 27.6 C ' TR 0.02 0.280 26.0 1.000 487 0.11 0.0 0.0 26.1 C 27.4 C Southbound ' LTR 0.08 0.280 26.5 1.000 411 0.11 0.1 0.0 26.6 C 26.6 C ' Intersection Delay = 22.7 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = C F-1 SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for exclusive lefts APPROACH EB WB NB SB Cycle Length, C 100.0 sec Actual Green Time for Lane Group, G 28.0 Effective Green Time for Lane Group, g 28.0 Opposing Effective Green Time, go 28.0 Number of Lanes in Lane Group, N 1 Number of Opposing Lanes, No 1 Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt 71 Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto 0.26 Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo 31 Lost Time for Lane Group, tl 4.00 Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo 1.97 0.86 Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) 1.00 gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g 0.0 ' Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) 0.72 gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) 0.00 gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf 28.00 'n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 0.00 Ptho=1-Plto 0.74 P1*=Plt [l+{ (N-1)g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4.24) }] 1.00 Ell (Figure 9-7) 1.36 E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 1.00 fmin=2 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g 0.14 0.00 tgdiff=max(gq-gf,0) fm= [gf/g] + [gu/g] [l/{1+P1 (Ell-1) )] , (min=fmin;max=1. 00) 0.74 flt=fm= [gf/g] +gdiff [l/{1+Plt (E12-1) }] + [gu/g] [l/ (l+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1. 0) or flt= [fm+0. 91 (N-1) ] /N** fit 0.737 For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If Pl>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>1, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach 1 or when gf>gq, see text. SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for shared lefts APPROACH EB WB NB SB Cycle Length, C 100.0 sec Green Time for Lane Group, G 64.0 64.0 28.0 'Actual Effective Green Time for Lane Group, g 64.0 64.0 28.0 Opposing Effective Green Time, go 64.0 64.0 28.0 Number of Lanes in Lane Group, N 1 1 1 Number of Opposing Lanes, No 1 1 1 Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt 20 17 8 of Left Turns in Lane Group, Plt 0.03 0.02 0.26 'Proportion Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto 0.02 0.03 0.00 Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo 968 597 8 Lost Time for Lane Group, tl Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 4.00 0.56 4.00 0.47 4.00 0.22 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo 26.89 16.58 0.22 Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) 1.00 1.00 1.00 gf=[Gexp(- a * (LTC ** b))]-tl, gf<=g 31.3 33.4 16.7 Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) 0.36 0.36 0.72 gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) 16.54 10.21 0.00 'gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf 32.67 30.57 11.26 n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ptho=1-Plto 0.98 0.97 1.00 1 Pl*=Plt[l+{(N-1)g/(gf+gu/Ell+4.24))) 0.03 0.02 0.26 Ell (Figure 9-7) 3.62 2.53 1.39 E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g 0.03 0.03 0.09 'fmin=2 gdiff=max(gq-gf,0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 fm=[gf/g]+[gu/g] [l/{1+P1(Ell-1))], (min=fmin;max=1.00) 0.96 0.99 0.96 [gf/g] +gdiff [1/{l+Plt (E12-1) )] 'flt=fm= + [gu/g] [l/ (1+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1.0) or flt= [fm+0 . 91 (N-1) ] /N** flt Primary 0.959 0.988 0.964 ' For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, 'see text. * If P1>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>l, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. 'For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. Ll 1 I SUPPLEMENTAL UNIFORM DELAY WORKSHEET EBLT WBLT NBLT SBLT Adj. LT Vol from Vol Adjustment Worksheet, v v/c ratio from Capacity Worksheet, X 'Primary phase effective green, g Secondary phase effective green, gq (From Supplemental Permitted LT Worksheet), gu Cycle length, C 100.0 Red=(C-g-gq-gu), r Arrivals: v/(3600(max(X,1.0))), qa Primary ph. departures: s13600, sp 'Secondary ph. departures: s(gq+gu)/(gu*3600), ss XPerm XProt ' XCase Queue at beginning of green arrow, Qa Queue at beginning of unsaturated green, Qu Residual queue, Qr Uniform Delay, di DELAY/LOS WORKSHEET WITH INITIAL QUEUE ' Initial Dur. Uniform Delay Initial Final Initial Lane Appr/ Unmet Unmet Queue Unmet Queue Group Lane Demand Demand Unadj. Adj. Param. Demand Delay Delay Group Q veh t hrs. ds di sec u Q veh d3 sec d sec Eastbound Ul Westbound Il Northbound Southbound Intersection Delay 22.7 sec/veh Intersection LOS C 1 �' I No errors to report. I r� 1 I ij ERROR MESSAGES HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 ' Inter: Route 277 & Driveway City/St: Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA Proj #: 2007 Build -out 'Date: 3/15/01 Period: AM Peak E/W St: Route 277 N/S St: Full-Acess Driveway ' SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound L T R L T R L T R L T R No. Lanes 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 LGConf ig T R L T L R Volume 484 125 1100 264 199 79 1 Lane Width 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 1 RTOR Vol 0 0 Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations Phase Combination 1 EB Left 2 3 4 I NB Left 5 6 7 A Thru A Thru Right A Right A Peds Peds WB Left A A SB Left Thru A A Thru Right Right Peds Peds NB Right A EB Right 'SB Right WB Right Green 10.0 43.0 35.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 2.0 Red 2.0 2.0 2.0 'All Cycle Length: 100.0 secs 0 Intersection Performance Summary_ Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group Lane Group Flow Rate ' Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C Delay LOS Eastbound " T 793 1845 0.68 0.430 25.3 R 674 1568 0.21 0.430 18.0 Westbound L 412 0.27 0.570 12.9 T 1052 1845 0.28 0.570 11.1 ' Northbound L 613 1752 0.18 0.350 22.7 R 768 1568 0.11 0.490 13.8 Southbound Approach Delay LOS C 23.8 C B B B 11.6 B C 18.8 B B Intersection Delay = 19.2 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = B HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 Phone: Fax: ' E-Mail: OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS Route 277 & Driveway 'Intersection: City/State: Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA Project No: 2007 Build -out Time Period Analyzed: AM Peak Date: 3/15/01 East/West Street Name: Route 277 ' North/South Street Name: Full-Acess Driveway I VOLUME DATA Volume Eastbound L T R Westbound i L T R Northbound i L T R 484 125 1100 264 199 79 0.90 0.90 10.90 0.90 10.90 0.90 'PHF PK 15 Vol 134 35 1-128 73 128 22 Hi Ln Vol Grade 0 1 0 1 0 '% Ideal Sat 1900 1900 11900 1900 11900 1900 ParkExist 'NumPark % Heavy Vehi 3 3 13 3 13 3 No. Lanes 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ig T R I L T ( L R 'LGConf Lane Width 1 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 I12.0 12.0 RTOR Vol 0 1 1 0 Adj Flow 538 139 1111 293 1110 88 %InSharedLni Prop Turns NumPeds 1 0 0 NumBus 1 0 0 10 0 10 0 %RightsInProtPhase 0 1 1 0 Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Southbound L T R 0 0 0 0 1 Init Unmet Eastbound L T R 0.0 0.0 1 Arriv. Type 3 3 Unit Ext. ( 3.0 3.0 I Factor 1.000 Lost Time 2.0 2.0 1 Ext of g 2.0 2.0 Ped Min g 3.0 1 Phase Combination 1 2 EB Left 1 Thru Right A A Peds 1 WB Left A A Thru A A Right 1 Peds NB Right A 1 SB Right 1 Green 10.0 43.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 1 All Red 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 100.0 secs 1 i 1 1 i� 1 _OPERATING PARAMETERS Westbound Northbound Southbound L T R i L T R L T R 0.0 0.0 0.0 I0.0 3 3 13 3 1 3.0 3.0 13.0 3.0 1.000 1 1.000 1 1 2.0 2.0 I2.0 2.0 1 2.0 2.0 I2.0 2.0 1 3.0 1 3.0 1 PHASE DATA 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 1 NB Left A Thru Right A Peds SB Left Thru Right Peds EB Right WB Right 35.0 2.0 2.0 VOLUME ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Adjusted Prop. Prop. 'Appr./ Mvt Flow No. Lane Flow Rate Left Right Movement Volume PHF Rate Lanes Group RTOR In Lane Grp Turns Turns Eastbound Left 0 Thru 484 0.90 538 1 T 538 Right 125 0.90 139 1 R 0 139 Westbound Left 100 0.90 ill 1 L ill ' Thru 264 0.90 293 1 T 293 Right 0 ' Northbound Left 99 0.90 110 1 L 110 Thru 0 ' Right 79 0.90 88 1 R 0 88 Southbound Left 0 Thru 0 Right 0 * Value entered by user. ' SATURATION FLOW ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Appr/ Ideal Sat f f f f f f f f f 'Lane Group Flow W HV G P BB A LU RT LT ' Eastbound Sec LT Adj/LT-Sat: T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 1.000 1.000 ' R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Westbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: 0.243 L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 ---- 0.950 T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 1.000 1.000 ' Northbound Sec LT Adj/LTSat: L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 - 0.950 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Southbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: Adj Sat Flow 1845 1568 449 1752 1845 1752 1568 CAPACITY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET Adj Adj Sat Flow Green --Lane Group-- Appr/ Lane Flow Rate Flow Rate Ratio Ratio Capacity v/c Mvmt Group (v) (s) (v/s) (g/C) (c) Ratio Eastbound Pri. Sec. Left Thru T 538 Right R 139 Westbound Pri. ill Sec. 0 Left L ill Thru T Right 293 Northbound Pri. Sec. Left L 110 Thru Right R 88 Southbound Pri. Sec. Left Thru Right Lost Time/Cycle, L = 12.00 sec 1845 # 0.29 0.430 793 0.68 1568 0.09 0.430 674 0.21 1752 # 0.06 0.120 210 0.53 449 0.00 0.450 202 0.00 0.570 412 0.27 1845 0.16 0.570 1052 0.28 1752 # 0.06 0.350 613 0.18 1568 0.06 0.490 768 0.11 Sum (v/s) critical = 0.42 Critical v/c(X) = 0.47 ILEVEL OF SERVICE WORKSHEET Appr/ Ratios Unf Prog Lane Incremental Res Lane Del Adj Grp Factor Del Del Grp v/c g/C di Fact Cap k d2 d3 Eastbound T 0.68 0.430 22.9 1.000 793 0.25 2.4 0.0 R 0.21 0.430 17.8 1.000 674 0.11 0.2 0.0 Westbound L 0.27 0.570 12.5 1.000 412 0.11 0.4 0.0 T 0.28 0.570 11.0 1.000 1052 0.11 0.1 0.0 Northbound L 0.18 0.350 22.5 1.000 613 0.11 0.1 0.0 R 0.11 0.490 13.8 1.000 768 0.11 0.1 0.0 Southbound Lane Group Approach Delay LOS Delay LOS 25.3 C 23.8 C 18.0 B 11.1 B 11.6 B 22.7 C 18.8 B 13.8 B Intersection Delay = 19.2 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = B F I 1 SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for exclusive lefts APPROACH EB Cycle Length, C 100.0 sec Actual Green Time for Lane Group, G Effective Green Time for Lane Group, g Opposing Effective Green Time, go Number of Lanes in Lane Group, N Number of Opposing Lanes, No Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo Lost Time for Lane Group, tl Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf n= (gq-gf) /2 , n>=0 Ptho=1-Plto Pl*=Plt [l+{ (N-1)g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4.24) }] Ell (Figure 9-7) E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 fmin=2 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g gdiff=max(gq-gf, 0) fm=[gf/g]+[gu/g] [1/{l+Pl(Ell-1))], (min=fmin;max=1.00) flt=fm= [gf/g] +gdiff [1/{1+Plt (E12-1) }] WB 57.0 45.0 43.0 1 111 0.00. 538 4.00 3.08 14.94 1.00 0.0 0.57 21.38 23.62 10.69 1.00 1.00 2.16 1.00 0.09 0.00 0.24 NB SB + [gu/g] [l/ (1+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1. 0) or flt= [fm+0. 91 (N-1) ] /N** fit 0.243 For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If Pl>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>l, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. 1 1 1 n r SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for shared lefts APPROACH EB Cycle Length, C 100.0 sec Actual Green Time for Lane Group, G Effective Green Time for LAne Group, g Opposing Effective Green Time, go Number of Lanes in Lane Group, N Number of Opposing Lanes, No Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt Proportion of Left Turns in Lane Group, Plt Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo Lost Time for Lane Group, tl Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf n= (gq-gf) /2, n>=0 Ptho=1-Plto Pl*=Plt [l+{ (N-1)g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4.24)) ) Ell (Figure 9-7) E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 fmin=2 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g gdiff=max(gq-gf,0) fm= [gf/g] + [gu/g] [l/{1+P1 (Ell-1)) ] , (min=fmin;max=1 . 00) flt=fm= [gf/g] +gdiff [1/{1+Plt (E12-1) )] WB NB SB + [gu/g] [l/ (1+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1.0) or flt= [fm+0. 91 (N-1) ] /N** flt Primary For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If Pl>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>l, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. 1 SUPPLEMENTAL UNIFORM DELAY WORKSHEET EBLT WBLT NBLT SBLT Adj. LT Vol from Vol Adjustment Worksheet, v ill v/c ratio from Capacity Worksheet, X 0.27 Primary phase effective green, g 12.0 Secondary phase effective green, gq 21.38 (From Supplemental Permitted LT Worksheet), gu 23.62 Cycle length, C 100.0 Red=(C-g-gq-gu), r 43.0 Arrivals: v/(3600(max(X,1.0))), qa 0.03 Primary ph. departures: s/3600, sp 0.487 Secondary ph. departures: s(gq+gu)/(gu*3600), ss 0.24 XPerm 0.25 XProt 0.29 XCase 1 Queue at beginning of green arrow, Qa 1.33 Queue at beginning of unsaturated green, Qu 0.66 Residual queue, Qr Uniform Delay, dl 0.00 12.5 DELAY/LOS WORKSHEET WITH INITIAL QUEUE Initial Dur. Uniform Delay Initial Final Initial Lane Appr/ Unmet Unmet Queue Unmet Queue Group Lane Demand Demand Unadj. Adj. Param. Demand Delay Delay Group Q veh t hrs. ds dl sec u Q veh d3 sec d sec IEastbound I Westbound INorthbound 1 Southbound Intersection Delay 19.2 sec/veh Intersection LOS B 11 No errors to report. 1 1 1 ERROR MESSAGES HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 Inter: Route 277 & Driveway City/St: Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA Proj #: 2007 Build -out Date: 3/15/01 Period: PM Peak E/W St: Route 277 N/S St: Full-Acess Driveway SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound L T R L T R L T R L T R No. Lanes 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 I 0 0 0 LGConf ig T R L T L R Volume 300 202 1161 714 I210 168 Lane Width 12.0 12.0 I12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 1 RTOR Vol 0 1 1 0 1 r Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations Phase Combination 1 EB Left 2 3 4 I NB Left 5 6 7 A Thru A Thru Right A Right A Peds Peds WB Left A A SB Left Thru A A Thru Right Right Peds Peds NB Right A EB Right SB Right WB Right Green 10.0 43.0 35.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 2.0 All Red 2.0 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 100.0 secs 0 IIntersection Performance Summary_ Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group Lane Group Flow Rate Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C Delay LOS Eastbound '` T 793 1845 0.42 0.430 20.2 R 674 1568 0.33 0.430 19.2 Westbound L 521 0.34 0.570 12.0 T 1052 1845 0.75 0.570 19.4 Northbound L 613 1752 0.38 0.350 24.8 rR 768 1568 0.24 0.490 14.9 Southbound Approach Delay LOS C 19.8 B B B B 18.1 B C 20.4 C B Intersection Delay = 19.1 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = B s HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 Phone: Fax: E-Mail: OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS Intersection: Route 277 & Driveway City/State: Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA Project No: 2007 Build -out Time Period Analyzed: PM Peak Date: 3/15/01 East/West Street Name: Route 277 North/South Street Name: Full-Acess Driveway i I IVOLUME DATA Volume Eastbound L T R Westbound L T R Northbound I L T R 1 300 202 1161 714 1210 168 PHF 1 0.90 0.90 10.90 0.90 10.90 0.90 PK 15 Vol 1 83 56 `145 198 158 47 Hi Ln Vol % Grade 1 0 1 0 1 0 Ideal Sat 1 1900 1900 11900 1900 11900 1900 ParkExist NumPark % Heavy Vehl 3 3 13 3 13 3 No. Lanes 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 LGConfig T R I L T ( L R Lane Width 1 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 RTOR Vol 1 0 1 1 0 Adj Flow 1 333 224 1179 793 1233 187 %InSharedLni Prop Turns NumPeds 0 0 NumBus 0 0 10 0 10 0 1 %RightsInProtPhase 0 1 1 0 Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas i i i 1 i Southbound L T R 0 0 0 E r Eastbound L T R Init Unmet 0.0 0.0 Arriv. Type 3 3 Unit Ext. 3.0 3.0'"1 I Factor 1.000 Lost Time 2.0 2.0 Ext of g 2.0 2.0 Ped Min g 3.0 Phase Combination 1 2 EB Left Thru A Right A Peds WB Left A A Thru A A Right Peds NB Right A tSB Right Green 10.0 43.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 iAll Red 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 100.0 secs 1 Westbound Northbound L T R L T R 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 3 3 13 3 3.0 3.0 13.0 3.0 1.000 I 1.000 2.0 2.0 12.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 12.0 2.0 3.0 1 3.0 PHASE DATA 3 4 1 5 NB Left A Thru Right A Peds SB Left Thru Right Peds EB Right WB Right 35.0 2.0 2.0 Southbound L T R 6 7 8 VOLUME ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Adjusted Prop. Prop. Appr./ Mvt Flow No. Lane Flow Rate Left Right Movement Volume PHF Rate Lanes Group RTOR In Lane Grp Turns Turns Eastbound Left 0 Thru 300 0.90 333 1 T 333 Right 202 0.90 224 1 R 0 224 Westbound Left 161 0.90 179 1 L 179 Thru 1 714 0.90 793 1 T 793 Right 0 1 Northbound Left 210 0.90 233 1 L 233 Thru 0 Right 168 0.90 187 1 R 0 187 Southbound Left 0 Thru 0 Right 0 * Value by entered user. SATURATION FLOW ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Appr/ Ideal Lane Sat f f f f f f f f f Group Flow W HV G P BB A LU RT LT 1 Eastbound Sec LT Adj/LT-Sat: T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 1.000 1.000 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Westbound Sec LT Ad'J/LT Sat: 0.375 L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 ---- 0.950 1 T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 1.000 1.000 Northbound Sec LT Adj/LTSat: L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 - 0.950 IR 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Southbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: Adj Sat Flow 1845 1568 692 1752 1845 1752 1568 1 CAPACITY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET Adj Adj Sat Flow Green --Lane Group-- Appr/ Lane Flow Rate Flow Rate Ratio Ratio Capacity v/c iMvmt Group (v) (s) (v/s) (g/C) (c) Ratio Eastbound Pri. Sec. 1 Left Thru T 333 Right R 224 Westbound Pri. 179 Sec. 0 Left L 179 Thru T Right 793 Northbound Pri. Sec. Left L 233 Thru Right R 187 Southbound Pri. 1 Sec. Left Thru Right Lost Time/Cycle, L = 8.00 sec 1845 0.18 0.430 793 0.42 1568 0.14 0.430 674 0.33 1752 0.10 0.120 210 0.85 692 0.00 0.450 311 0.00 0.570 521 0.34 1845 # 0.43 0.570 1052 0.75 1752 # 0.13 0.350 613 0.38 1568 0.12 0.490 768 0.24 Sum (v/s) critical = 0.56 Critical v/c(X) = 0.61 LEVEL OF SERVICE WORKSHEET Appr/ Ratios Unf Prog Lane Incremental Res Lane Group Approach Lane Del Adj Grp Factor Del Del Grp v/c g/C di Fact Cap k d2 d3 Delay LOS Delay LOS Eastbound T 0.42 0.430 19.8 1.000 793 0.11 0.4 0.0 20.2 C 19.8 B R 0.33 0.430 19.0 1.000 674 0.11 0.3 0.0 19.2 B Westbound L 0.34 0.570 11.6 1.000 521 0.11 0.4 0.0 12.0 B T 0.75 0.570 16.2 1.000 1052 0.31 3.2 0.0 19.4 B 18.1 B Northbound L 0.38 0.350 24.4 1.000 613 0.11 0.4 0.0 24.8 C 20.4 C R 0.24 0.490 14.8 1.000 768 0.11 0.2 0.0 14.9 B Southbound Intersection Delay = 19.1 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = B 1 I 1 I 1 I SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for exclusive lefts APPROACH EB Cycle Length, C 100.0 sec Actual Green Time for Lane Group, G Effective Green Time for Lctne Group, g Opposing Effective Green Time, go Number of Lanes in Lane Group, N Number of Opposing Lanes, No Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo Lost Time for Lane Group, tl Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 Ptho=1-Plto Pl*=Plt [l+{ (N-1)g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4.24) )] Ell (Figure 9-7) E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 fmin=2 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g gdiff=max(gq-gf, 0) fm=[gf/g]+[gu/g] [l/{l+P1(Ell-1))], (min=fmin;max=1.00) flt=fm= [gf/g] +gdiff [1/{1+Plt (E12-1) )] Out 57.0 45.0 43.0 1 1 179 0.00. 333 4.00 4.97 9.25 1.00 0.0 0.57 14.83 30.17 7.42 1.00 1.00 1.79 1.00 0.09 0.00 0.38 NB SB ' + [gu/g] [1/ (1+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1.0) or flt= [fm+0. 91 (N-1) ] /N** fit 0.375 rFor special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If Pl>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>1, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. 1 rl 1 I 1 SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for shared lefts APPROACH EB Cycle Length, C 100.0 sec Actual Green Time for Lane Group, G Effective Green Time for Lane Group, g Opposing Effective Green Time, go Number of Lanes in Lane Group, N Number of Opposing Lanes, No Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt Proportion of Left Turns in Lane Group, Plt Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo Lost Time for Lane Group, tl Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 Ptho=1-Plto Pl*=Plt [l+((N-1) g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4.24)) ) Ell (Figure 9-7) E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 fmin=2 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g gdiff=max(gq-gf,0) fm=[gf/g]+[gu/g] [1/(l+Pl(Ell-1))], (min=fmin;max=1.00) flt=fm= [gf/g] +gdiff [1/ (1+Plt (E12 -1)) ] WB NB SB + [gu/g] [1/ (1+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1.0) or flt= [fm+0.91 (N-1) ] /N** flt Primary For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If P1>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>1, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. SUPPLEMENTAL UNIFORM DELAY WORKSHEET 1 Adj. LT Vol from Vol Adjustment Worksheet, v v/c ratio from Capacity Worksheet, X Primary phase effective green, g Secondary phase effective'green, gq (From Supplemental Permitted LT Worksheet), gu Cycle length, C 100.0 Red=(C-g-gq-gu), r Arrivals: v/(3600(max(X,1.0))), qa Primary ph. departures: s/3600, sp 'Secondary ph. departures: s(gq+gu)/(gu*3600), ss XPerm XProt XCase Queue at beginning of green arrow, Qa Queue at beginning of unsaturated green, Qu Residual queue, Qr Uniform Delay, di Appr/ Lane Group EBLT WBLT 179 0.34 12.0 14.83 30.17 43.0 0.05 0.487 0.29 0.26 0.47 1 2.14 0.74 0.00 11.6 DELAY/LOS WORKSHEET WITH INITIAL QUEUE NBLT SBLT Initial Dur. Uniform Delay Initial Final Initial Lane Unmet Unmet Queue Unmet Queue Group Demand Demand Unadj. Adj. Param. Demand Delay Delay Q veh t hrs. ds di sec u Q veh d3 sec d sec I Eastbound Westbound I Northbound Southbound Intersection Delay 19.1 sec/veh 11 Intersection LOS B I No errors to report. 1 I I El 1 0 fl 1 ERROR MESSAGES HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 ' Inter: Route 277 & Route 522 City/St: Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA Proj #: 2007 Build -out 'Date: 3/15/01 Period: AM Peak E/W St: Route 277 N/S St: Route 522 ' SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound L T R L T R I L T R L T R No. Lanes 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 2 1 LGConfig LT R L TR L T R L T R 154 306 204 1165 139 28 1165 522 180 153 516 60 'Volume Lane Width 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 12.0 112.0 12.0 12.0 RTOR Vol 0 1 0 1 32 1 10 ' Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 1 5 6 ' EB Left A NB Left A A Thru A Thru A A Right A Right A A 'Peds Peds WB Left A A SB Left A Thru A A Thru A ' Right A A Right A Peds Peds NB Right A EB Right SB Right ( WB Right Green 10.0 44.0 12.0 38.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 All Red 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 120.0 secs 7 8 Intersection Performance Summary Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group Approach Lane Group Flow Rate Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C Delay LOS Delay LOS Eastbound LT 623 1700 0.64 0.367 33.8 C 31.9 C R 575 1568 0.39 0.367 28.6 C 'Westbound L 370 0.49 0.483 21.4 C TR 869 1798 0.21 0.483 18.0 B 19.7 B ' Northbound L 362 0.51 0.450 22.9 C 1577 3505 0.37 0.450 21.9 C 20.5 C 'T R 889 1568 0.18 0.567 12.7 B Southbound L 253 800 0.23 0.317 30.7 C 'T 1110 3505 0.52 0.317 33.9 C 33.3 C R 497 1568 0.11 0.317 29.2 C Intersection Delay = 26.5 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = C ■ HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 Phone: Fax: ' E-Mail: OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS 'Intersection: City/State: Route 277 & Route 522 Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA Project No: 2007 Build -out 'Time Period Analyzed: AM Peak Date: 3/15/01 East/West Street Name: Route 277 ' North/South Street Name: Route 522 Volume PHF PK 15 Vol Hi Ln Vol % Grade Ideal Sat ParkExist 'NumPark % Heavy Vehl No. Lanes 'LGConfig Lane Width RTOR Vol Ad! Flow Eastbound �54 (0.90 L T R 306 204 0.90 0.90 15 85 57 0 1900 1900 3 3 3 0 1 1 LT R 12.0 12.0 0 400 227 '%InSharedLn1 Prop Turns 10.15 NumPeds NumBus 0 %RightsInProtPhase Duration 1.00 0 0 Area VOLUME DATA Westbound L T R 1165 139 28 10.90 0.90 0.90 146 39 8 1 1 0 11900 1900 (3 3 3 1 1 0 L TR 112.0 12.0 1 0 1183 185 0.17 0 0 0 I 0 Type: All other Northbound L T R 165 522 180 0.90 0.90 0.90 46 145 50 0 1900 1900 1900 3 3 3 1 2 1 L T R 12.0 12.0 12.0 32 183 580 164 0 0 0 0 0 Lreas Southbound L T R 53 516 60 0.90 0.90 0.90 15 143 17 0 1900 1900 1900 3 3 3 1 2 1 L T R 12.0 12.0 12.0 10 59 573 56 0 0 0 0 0 ■ ■ Eastbound ' L T R Init Unmet 0.0 0.0 Arriv. Type 3 3 Unit Ext. 3.0 3.0 I Factor 1.000 Time 2.0 2.0 'Lost Ext of g 2.0 2.0 Ped Min g 3.0 ' Phase Combination 1 2 EB Left A Thru A ' Right A Peds ' WB Left A A Thru A A Right A A ' Peds NB Right A ' SB Right Green 10.0 44.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 ' All Red 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 120.0 secs OPERATING PARAMETERS Westbound Northbound L T R I L T R 0.0 0.0 3 3 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 PHASE DATA 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 3 3 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3 4 5 NB Left A Thru A Right A Peds SB Left Thru Right Peds EB Right WB Right 6 A A A A A 12.0 38.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Southbound L T R 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 3 3 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 7 8 ' VOLUME ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Adjusted Prop. Prop. Appr./ Mvt Flow No. Lane Flow Rate Left Right Movement Volume PHF Rate Lanes Group RTOR In Lane Grp Turns Turns Eastbound Left 54 0.90 601- 0 Thru 306 0.90 340 1 LT 400 0.15 Right 204 0.90 227 1 R 0 227 Westbound ' Left 165 0.90 183 1 L 183 Thru 139 0.90 154 1 TR 185 0.17 Right 28 0.90 31 0 0 ' Northbound Left 165 0.90 183 1 L 183 Thru 522 0.90 580 2 T 580 ' Right 180 0.90 164 1 R 32 164 Southbound Left 53 0.90 59 1 L 59 Thru 516 0.90 573 2 T 573 Right 60 0.90 56 1 R 10 56 * Value entered by user. ' SATURATION FLOW ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Appr/ Ideal 'Lane Sat f f f f f f f f f Group Flow W HV G P BB A LU RT LT Eastbound Sec LT Adj/LT-Sat: LT 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 1.000 0.922 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Westbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: 0.276 L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 ---- 0.950 ' TR 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.975 1.000 Northbound Sec LT Adj/LTSat: 0.256 - L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.950 T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 0.95 1.000 1.000 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Southbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: 'L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 ---- 0.434 T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 0.95 1.000 1.000 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Adj Sat Flow 1700 1568 509 1752 1798 473 1752 3505 1568 800 3505 1568 CAPACITY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET Adj Adj Sat Flow Green --Lane Group-- Appr/ Lane Flow Rate Flow Rate Ratio Ratio Capacity v/c ' Mvmt Group (v) (s) (v/s) (g/C) (c) Ratio Eastbound Pri. Sec. Left Thru LT 400 ' Right R 227 Westbound Pri. 175 Sec. 8 Left L 183 ' Thru TR Right 185 Northbound Pri. 183 ' Sec. 0 Left L 183 Thru T 580 'Right R 164 Southbound Pri. Sec. ' Left L 59 Thru T 573 ' Right R 56 ' Lost Time/Cycle, L = 16.00 sec 1700 # 0.24 0.367 623 0.64 1568 0.14 0.367 575 0.39 1752 # 0.10 0.100 175 1.00 509 0.02 0.383 195 0.04 0.483 370 0.49 1798 0.10 0.483 869 0.21 1752 # 0.10 0.117 204 0.90 473 0.00 0.333 158 0.00 0.450 362 0.51 3505 0.17 0.450 1577 0.37 1568 0.10 0.567 889 0.18 800 0.07 0.317 253 0.23 3505 # 0.16 0.317 1110 0.52 1568 0.04 0.317 497 0.11 Sum (v/s) critical = 0.60 Critical v/c(X) = 0.70 LEVEL OF SERVICE WORKSHEET Appr/ Ratios Unf Prog Lane Incremental Res Lane Del Adj Grp Factor Del Del ' Grp v/c g/C di Fact Cap k d2 d3 Lane Group Approach Delay LOS Delay LOS Eastbound LT 0.64 0.367 31.5 1.0U0 623 0.22 2.3 0.0 33.8 C 31.9 C R 0.39 0.367 28.1 1.000 575 0.11 0.4 0.0 28.6 C Westbound L 0.49 0.483 20.3 1.000 370 0.11 1.0 0.0 21.4 C TR 0.21 0.483 17.9 1.000 869 0.11 0.1 0.0 18.0 B 19.7 B Northbound L 0.51 0.450 21.7 1.000 362 0.11 1.2 0.0 22.9 C 'T R 0.37 0.18 0.450 0.567 21.7 12.6 1.000 1.000 1577 889 0.11 0.11 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 21.9 12.7 C 20.5 C B Southbound L 0.23 0.317 30.3 1.000 253 0.11 0.5 0.0 30.7 C 'T 0.52 0.317 33.5 1.000 1110 0.12 0.4 0.0 33.9 C 33.3 C R 0.11 0.317 29.1 1.000 497 0.11 0.1 0.0 29.2 C Intersection Delay = 26.5 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = C 1 SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for exclusive lefts APPROACH Cycle Length, C 120.0 sec Actual Green Time for Lane Group, G Effective Green Time for LAne Group, g Opposing Effective Green Time, go Number of Lanes in Lane Group, N Number of Opposing Lanes, No Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo Lost Time for Lane Group, tl Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 Ptho=1-Plto Pl*=Plt [l+{ (N-1)g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4.24) )] Ell (Figure 9-7) E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 fmin=2 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g gdiff=max(gq-gf, 0) fm= [gf/g] + [gu/g] [1/{l+Pl (Ell-1) )] , (min=fmin;max=1.00) flt=fm=[gf/g]+gdiff [1/{1+Plt (E12-1) )] EB WB NB SB 58.0 54.0 38.0 46.0 40.0 38.0 44.0 38.0 54.0 1 1 1 1 2 2 183 183 59 0.15 0.00 0.00 400 573 580 4.00 4.00 4.00 6.10 6.10 1.97 13.33 10.05 10.18 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.63 0.68 0.55 21.91 16.50 0.00 24.09 23.50 38.00 10.96 8.25 0.00 0.85 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.90 2.29 2.31 5.54 1.00 1.00 0.09 0.10 0.11 21.91 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.26 0.43 I + [gu/g] [1/ (l+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1.0) or flt= [fm+0. 91 (N-1) ] /N** fit 0.276 0.256 0.434 ' For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If Pl>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>1, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. ' SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for shared lefts ' APPROACH EB WB NB SB Cycle Length, C 120.0 sec Actual Green Time for Lane Group, G 44.0 Effective Green Time for L&ne Group, g 44.0 Opposing Effective Green Time, go 58.0 Number of Lanes in Lane Group, N 1 Number of Opposing Lanes, No 1 Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt 60 of Left Turns in Lane Group, Plt 0.15 'Proportion Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto 0.00 Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo 185 Time for Lane Group, tl 4.00 'Lost Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 2.00 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo 6.17 'Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g 1.00 6.3 Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) 0.52 ' gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf 0.00 37.68 n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 0.00 Ptho=1-Plto 1.00 'Pl*=Plt [l+{ (N-1)g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4.24)) ) 0.15 Ell (Figure 9-7) 1.67 E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 1.00 fmin=2 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g 0.05 gdiff=max(gq-gf,0) 0.00 fm=[gf/g]+[gu/g] [l/{1+P1(Ell-1))], (min=fmin;max=1.00) 0.92 flt=fm= [gf/g] +gdiff [1/{l+Plt (E12-1) )] + [gu/g] [l/ (1+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1.0) or flt= [fm+0.91 (N-1) ] /N** flt Primary 0.922 For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, 'see text. * If Pl>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>1, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. H SUPPLEMENTAL UNIFORM DELAY WORKSHEET ' Adj. LT Vol from Vol Adjustment Worksheet, v v/c ratio from Capacity Worksheet, X Primary phase effective green, g Secondary phase effective careen, gq (From Supplemental Permitted LT Worksheet), gu Cycle length, C 120.0 Red=(C-g-gq-gu), r Arrivals: v/ (3600 (max(X, 1.0))) , qa Primary ph. departures: s/3600, sp 'Secondary ph. departures: s(gq+gu)/(gu*3600), ss XPerm XProt ' XCase Queue at beginning of green arrow, Qa Queue at beginning of unsaturated green, Qu 'Residual queue, Qr Uniform Delay, di Appr/ ' Lane Group EBLT WBLT NBLT 183 183 0.49 0.51 12.0 14.0 21.91 16.50 24.09 23.50 62.0 66.0 0.05 0.05 0.487 0.487 0.27 0.22 0.36 0.39 0.64 0.60 1 1 3.15 3.36 1.11 0.84 0.00 0.00 20.3 21.7 DELAY/LOS WORKSHEET WITH INITIAL QUEUE Initial Dur. Uniform Delay Initial Final Initial Lane Unmet Unmet Queue Unmet Queue Group Demand Demand Unadj. Adj. Param. Demand Delay Delay Q veh t hrs. ds dl sec u Q veh d3 sec d sec Eastbound Westbound ' Northbound Southbound Intersection Delay 26.5 sec/veh 1 Intersection LOS C SBLT 1 ERROR MESSAGES I No errors to report. 1 11 1 11 HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 ' Inter: Route 277 & Route 522 City/St: Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA Proj #: 2007 Build -Out 'Date: 3/15/01 Period: PM Peak E/W St: Route 277 N/S St: Route 522 ' SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound L T R L T R ( L T R L T R ' No. Lanes 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 2 1 LGConfig LT R L TR L T R L T R Volume Lane Width 176 182 12.0 210 12.0 112.0 1281 381 98 12.0 1379 731 112.0 12.0 205 12.0 127 631 I12.0 12.0 115 12.0 RTOR Vol 70 1 30 1 65 1 40 ' Duration 0.25 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 I 5 6 7 8 ' EB Left A NB Left A A Thru A I Thru A A Right A Right A A Peds Peds WB Left A A SB Left A Thru A A Thru A ' Right A A Right A Peds ( Peds NB Right A I EB Right Right WB Right 'SB Green 6.0 42.0 18.0 38.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Red 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 'All Cycle Length: 120.0 secs 'Intersection Performance Summary Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group Approach Lane Group Flow Rate ' Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C Delay LOS Delay LOS Eastbound ' 1 LT 405 1157 0.67 R 549 1568 0.27 'Westbound L 365 0.81 TR 781 1803 0.61 Northbound L 416 0.96 'T 1753 R 915 3505 1568 0.44 0.16 Southbound 210 664 0.13 'L T 1110 3505 0.60 R 497 1568 0.16 Intersection Delay = 32.8 0.350 37.4 D 34.2 C 0.350 28.2 C 0.433 45.1 D 0.433 27.5 C 34.3 C 0.500 58.3 E 0.500 19.4 B 30.3 C 0.583 11.6 B 0.317 29.5 C 0.317 35.5 D 34.7 C 0.317 29.7 C (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = C HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 Phone: Fax: ' E-Mail:. OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS 'Intersection: City/State: Route 277 & Route 522 Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA 'Project No: Time Period Analyzed: 2007 Build -Out PM Peak Date: 3/15/01 East/West Street Name: Route 277 North/South Street Name: Route 522 Volume 'PHF PK 15 Vol Hi Ln Vol Grade '% Ideal Sat ParkExist 'NumPark % Heavy Vehl No. Lanes LGConfig Lane Width RTOR Vol Ad! Flow Eastbound L T R 76 182 210 0.95 0.95 0.95 20 48 55 0 1900 1900 3 3 3 0 1 1 LT R 12.0 12.0 70 '272 147 %InSharedLni Prop Turns 10.29 NumPeds 'NumBus 0 %RightsInProtPhase Duration 0.25 r 0 0 Area ' VOLUME DATA Westbound L T R I 1281 381 98 10.95 0.95 0.95 .174 100 26 1 1 0 11900 1900 13 3 3 1 1 0 L TR 112.0 12.0 1 30 1296 473 0.15 0 10 0 1 0 type: All other Northbound L T R I 1379 731 205 10.95 0.95 0.95 I100 192 54 1 1 0 1900 1900 1900 3 3 3 1 2 1 L T R 12.0 12.0 12.0 65 399 769 147 0 0 0 0 0 Lreas Southbound L T R 27 631 115 0.95 0.95 0.95 7 166 30 0 1900 1900 1900 3 3 3 1 2 1 L T R 12.0 12.0 12.0 40 28 664 79 0 0 0 0 0 i Eastbound ' L T R Init Unmet 0.0 0.0 'Arriv. Type 3 3 Unit Ext. 3.0 3.0 " I Factor 1.000 Time 2.0 2.0 'Lost Ext of g 2.0 2.0 Ped Min g 3.0 Phase Combination 1 EB Left Thru Right Peds ' WB Left A Thru A Right A ' Peds NB Right A ' SB Right ' Green 6.0 Yellow 2.0 All Red 2.0 Cycle Length: 120.0 2 A A A A A A 42.0 2.0 2.0 secs OPERATING PARAP Westbound L T R 0.0 0.0 3 3 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 PHASE DATA_ 3 4 5 NB Left A Thru A Right A Peds SB Left Thru Right Peds EB Right WB Right RETERS Northbound L T R 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 3 3 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 6 A A A A A 18.0 38.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Southbound L T R 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 3 3 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 7 8 ' VOLUME ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Adjusted Prop. Prop. 'Appr./ Mvt Flow No. Lane Flow Rate Left Right Movement Volume PHF Rate Lanes Group RTOR In Lane Grp Turns Turns Eastbound Left 76 0.95 8Q 0 Thru 182 0.95 192 1 LT 272 0.29 ' Right 210 0.95 147 1 R 70 147 Westbound ' Left 281 0.95 296 1 L 296 Thru 381 0.95 401 1 TR 473 0.15 Right 98 0.95 72 0 30 ' Northbound Left 379 0.95 399 1 L 399 Thru 731 0.95 769 2 T 769 ' Right 205 0.95 147 1 R 65 147 Southbound Left 27 0.95 28 1 L 28 Thru 631 0.95 664 2 T 664 Right 115 0.95 79 1 R 40 79 ' * Value entered by user. ' SATURATION FLOW ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Appr/ Ideal 'Lane Sat f f f f f f f f f Group Flow W HV G P BB A LU RT LT Eastbound Sec LT Adj/LT-Sat: LT 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 1.000 0.627 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Westbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: 0.366 L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 ---- 0.950 ' TR 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.977 1.000 ' Northbound Sec LT Adj/LTSat: 0.202 - L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.950 T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 0.95 1.000 1.000 ' R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Southbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: 'L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 ---- 0.360 T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 0.95 1.000 1.000 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 --- Adj Sat Flow 1157 1568 675 1752 1803 373 1752 3505 1568 664 3505 1568 ' CAPACITY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET Adj Adj Sat Flow Green --Lane Group-- Appr/ Lane Flow Rate Flow Rate Ratio Ratio Capacity v/c ' Mvmt Group (v) (s) (v/s) (g/C) (c) Ratio Eastbound ' Pri. Sec. Left Thru LT 272 ' Right R 147 Westbound Pri. 117 ' Sec. 179 Left L 296 ' Thru TR Right 473 Northbound Pri. 292 ' Sec. 107 Left L 399 Thru T 769 'Right R 147 Southbound Pri. Sec. Left L 28 Thru T 664 Right R 79 Lost Time/Cycle, L = 8.00 sec 1157 0.24 0.350 405 0.67 1568 0.09 0.350 549 0.27 1752 # 0.07 0.067 117 1.00 675 # 0.27 0.367 248 0.72 0.433 365 0.81 1803 0.26 0.433 781 0.61 1752 # 0.17 0.167 292 1.00 373 # 0.29 0.333 124 0.86 0.500 416 0.96 3505 0.22 0.500 1753 0.44 1568 0.09 0.583 915 0.16 664 0.04 0.317 210 0.13 3505 0.19 0.317 1110 0.60 1568 0.05 0.317 497 0.16 Sum (v/s) critical = 0.79 Critical v/c(X) = 0.84 ILEVEL OF SERVICE WORKSHEET Appr/ Ratios Unf Prog Lane Incremental Res Lane Group Approach Lane Del Adj Grp Factor Del Del ' Grp v/c g/C di Fact Cap k d2 d3 Delay LOS Delay LOS Eastbound LT 0.67 0.350 33.1 1.000 405 0.24 4.3 0.0 37.4 D 34.2 C R 0.27 0.350 28.0 1.000 549 0.11 0.3 0.0 28.2 C Westbound L 0.81 0.433 32.2 1.000 365 0.35 12.9 0.0 45.1 D TR 0.61 0.433 26.1 1.000 781 0.19 1.4 0.0 27.5 C 34.3 C ' Northbound L 0.96 0.500 24.6 1.000 416 0.47 33.6 0.0 58.3 E T 0.44 R 0.16 0.500 0.583 19.2 11.5 1.000 1.000 1753 915 0.11 0.11 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 19.4 11.6 B B 30.3 C Southbound L 0.13 0.317 29.3 1.000 210 0.11 0.3 0.0 29.5 C T 0.60 0.317 34.6 1.000 1110 0.19 0.9 0.0 35.5 D 34.7 C R 0.16 0.317 29.5 1.000 497 0.11 0.2 0.0 29.7 C Intersection Delay = 32.8 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = C 11 SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for exclusive lefts APPROACH EB Cycle Length, C 120.0 sec Actual Green Time for Lane Group, G Effective Green Time for Lane Group, g Opposing Effective Green Time, go Number of Lanes in Lane Group, N Number of Opposing Lanes, No Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo Lost Time for Lane Group, tl Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf n= (gq-gf) /2 , n>=0 Ptho=1-Plto Pl*=Plt [l+((N-1)g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4.24) }] Ell (Figure 9-7) E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 fmin=2 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g gdiff=max(gq-gf,0) fm=[gf/g]+[gu/g] [l/(1+P1(Ell-1) }] , (min=fmin;max=1.00) flt=fm=[gf/g]+gdiff [l/(1+Plt (E12-1) }] WB NB SB 52.0 60.0 38.0 44.0 40.0 38.0 42.0 38.0 60.0 1 1 1 1 2 2 296 399 28 0.29 0.00 0.00 272 664 769 4.00 4.00 4.00 9.87 13.30 0.93 9.07 11.65 13.49 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.65 0.68 0.50 16.79 19.76 0.00 27.21 20.24 38.00 8.40 9.88 0.00 0.71 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.69 2.50 2.78 3.22 1.00 1.00 0.09 0.10 0.11 16.79 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.20 0.36 + [gu/g] [1/ (1+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1.0) or flt= [fm+0.91 (N-1) ] /N** fit 0.366 0.202 0.360 For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If P1>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>1, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. 1 1 0 P, 1 SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for shared lefts APPROACH EB Cycle Length, C 120.0 sec Actual Green Time for Lane Group, G 42.0 Effective Green Time for Lane Group, g 42.0 Opposing Effective Green Time, go 52.0 Number of Lanes in Lane Group, N 1 Number of Opposing Lanes, No 1 Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt 80 Proportion of Left Turns in Lane Group, Plt 0.29 Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto 0.00 Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo 473 Lost Time for Lane Group, tl 4.00 Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 2.67 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo 15.77 Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) 1.00 gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g 3.1 Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) 0.57 gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) 10.24 gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf 31.76 n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 3.58 Ptho=1-Plto 1.00 Pl*=Plt [l+ f (N-1) g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4 .24)) ) 0.29 Ell (Figure 9-7) 2.24 E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 1.00 fmin=2 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g 0.06 gdi f f =max (gq-gf , 0) 0.00 fm=[gf/g]+[gu/g] [l/(1+P1(Ell-1))], (min=fmin;max=1.00) 0.63 flt=fm=[gf/g]+gdiff [l/(l+Plt(E12-1) }] WB NB SB + [gu/g] [l/ (1+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1. 0) or flt= [fm+0. 91 (N-1) ] /N** flt Primary 0.627 For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If Pl>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>l, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. 1 ISUPPLEMENTAL UNIFORM DELAY WORKSHEET EBLT WBLT NBLT SBLT Adj. LT Vol from Vol Adjustment Worksheet, v 296 399 v/c ratio from Capacity Worksheet, X 0.81 0.96 Primary phase effective green, g 8.0 20.0 Secondary phase effective green, gq 16.79 19.76 (From Supplemental Permitted LT Worksheet), gu 27.21 20.24 Cycle length, C 120.0 Red=(C-g-gq-gu), r 68.0 60.0 Arrivals: v/(3600(max(X,1.0))), qa 0.08 0.11 Primary ph. departures: s/3600, sp 0.487 0.487 Secondary ph. departures: s(gq+gu)/(gu*3600), ss 0.30 0.20 XPerm 0.44 1.07 XProt 1.61 0.91 XCase Queue at beginning of green arrow, Qa 2 5.59 3 6.94 Queue at beginning of unsaturated green, Qu 5.20 2.19 Residual queue, Qr Uniform Delay, dl 0.00 32.2 0.29 24.6 DELAY/LOS WORKSHEET WITH INITIAL QUEUE Initial Dur. Uniform Delay Initial Final Initial Lane Appr/ Unmet Unmet Queue Unmet Queue Group Lane Demand Demand Unadj. Adj. Param. Demand Delay Delay Group Q veh t hrs. ds di sec u Q veh d3 sec d sec IEastbound Westbound 11 11 Northbound Southbound Intersection Delay 32.8 sec/veh Intersection LOS C 1 1 (�1 ERROR MESSAGES INo errors to report. I� n 1 I 1 HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 Inter: Route 522/340& Driveway Analyst: PHRA Date: 3/15/01 E/W St: Route 522/340 City/St: Shenandoah Proj #: 2007 Build -out Period: AM Peak N/S St: Main Driveway SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY Eastbound Westbound Northbound L T R I L T R I L T R No. Lanes 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 LGConfig L R L T Volume 1120 41 1 1101 747 Lane Width 112.0 12.0 1 112.0 12.0 RTOR Vol 0 to n iDuration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 1 5 6 EB Left A NB Left A A Thru Thru A A Right A Right Peds Peds WB Left SB Left Thru Thru A Right Right A Peds Peds NB Right EB Right A SB Right P WB Right Green 36.0 10.0 42.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 2.0 All Red 2.0 2.0 2.0 Cycle Length: 100.0 secs 1 1 Southbound L T R 0 2 1 T R 784 101 12.0 12.0 0 7 8 1 Intersection Performance Summary Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group Approach Lane Group Flow Rate Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C Delay LOS Delay LOS Eastbound L 631 1752 0.21 0.360 22.3 C �. 19.9 B R 784 1568 0.06 0.500 12.9 B Westbound Northbound L 355 0.32 0.560 13.3 B T 1963 3505 0.42 0.560 12.8 B 12.9 B Southbound T 1472 3505 0.59 0.420 23.0 C 20.6 C R 1286 1568 0.09 0.820 1.8 A Intersection Delay = 17.1 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = B HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 Phone: Fax: E-Mail: OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS Intersection: City/State: Route 522/340& Driveway Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA Project No: 2007 Build -out Time Period Analyzed: AM Peak Date: 3/15/01 East/West Street Name: Route 522/340 North/South Street Name: Main Driveway 1 s Eastbound L T R Volume 1120 41 PHF 10.90 0.90 PK 15 Vol 133 11 Hi Ln Vol % Grade 1 0 Ideal Sat 11900 1900 ParkExist NumPark % Heavy VehJ3 3 No. Lanes 1 0 1 LGConfig L R Lane Width 112.0 12.0 RTOR Vol 1 0 Ad! Flow 1133 46 %InSharedLni Prop Turns NumPeds NumBus 10 %RightsInProtPhase Duration 1.00 0 0 Area ' VOLUME DATA Westbound L T R 0 0 0 0 Type: All other Northbound L T R 101 747 0.90 0.90 28 208 0 1900 1900 3 3 1 2 0 L T 12.0 12.0 112 830 0 0 Lreas Southbound L T R 784 101 0.90 0.90 218 28 0 1900 1900 3 3 0 2 1 T R 12.0 12.0 0 871 112 0 0 00 I s Eastbound L T R Init Unmet I0.0 0.0 Arriv. TypeJ3 3 1 Unit Ext . 13.0 3.0 ',-1 I Factor 1 1.000 1 Lost Time 12.0 2.0 1 Ext of g I2.0 2.0 1 Ped Min g 3.0 1 i 1 Phase Combination 1 2 EB Left A Thru Right A Peds WB Left Thru Right Peds NB Right SB Right P Green 36.0 Yellow 2.0 All Red 2.0 Cycle Length: 100.0 secs OPERATING PARAMETERS Westbound Northbound L T R I L T R I 3 0.0 0.0 3 3 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 PHASE DATA 4 ( 5 NB Left A Thru A Right Peds SB Left Thru Right Peds EB Right A WB Right 6 A A A A 10.0 42.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Southbound L T R 0.0 0.0 3 3 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 7 8 VOLUME ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Adjusted Prop. Prop. Appr./ Mvt Flow No. Lane Flow Rate Left Right Movement Volume PHF Rate Lanes Group RTOR In Lane Grp Turns Turns Eastbound Left 120 0.90 1313 1 L 133 Thru 0 Right 41 0.90 46 1 R 0 46 Westbound Left 0 Thru 0 Right 0 Northbound Left 101 0.90 112 1 L 112 Thru Right 747 0.90 830 2 T 0 830 Southbound Left 0 Thru 784 0.90 871 2 T 871 Right 101 0.90 112 1 R 0 112 * Value entered by user. SATURATION FLOW ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Appr/ Ideal Lane Sat f f f f f f f f f Group Flow W HV G P BB A LU RT LT Eastbound Sec LT Adj/LTSat: L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 - 0.950 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Westbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: Northbound Sec LT Adj/LTSat: 0.179 L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 - 0.950 T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 0.95 1.000 1.000 Southbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 0.95 1.000 1.000 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 &.850 ---- Adj Sat Flow 1752 1568 330 1752 3505 3505 1568 CAPACITY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET Adj Adj Sat Flow Green --Lane Group-- Appr/ Lane Flow Rate Flow Rate Ratio Ratio Capacity v/c Mvmt Group (v) (s) (v/s) (g/C) (c) Ratio Eastbound Pri. Sec. Left L 133 Thru Right R 46 Westbound Pri. Sec. Left Thru Right Northbound Pri. 112 Sec. 0 Left L 112 Thru T 830 Right Southbound Pri. Sec. Left Thru T 871 Right R 112 Lost Time/Cycle, L = 12.00 sec 1 t 1752 # 0.08 0.360 631 0.21 1568 0.03 0.500 784 0.06 1752 # 0.06 0.120 210 0.53 330 0.00 0.440 145 0.00 0.560 355 0.32 3505 0.24 0.560 1963 0.42 3505 # 0.25 0.420 1472 0.59 1568 0.07 0.820 1286 0.09 Sum (v/s) critical = 0.39 Critical v/c(X) = 0.44 ' LEVEL OF SERVICE WORKSHEET Appr/ Ratios Unf Prog Lane Incremental Res Lane Group Approach Lane Del Adj Grp Factor Del Del Grp v/c g/C di Fact Cap k d2 d3 Delay LOS Delay LOS Eastbound 1 L 0.21 0.360 22.2 1.000 631 0.11 0.2 0.0 22.3 C 19.9 B R 0.06 0.500 12.9 1.000 784 0.11 0.0 0.0 12.9 B Westbound Northbound L 0.32 0.560 12.8 1.000 355 0.11 0.5 0.0 13.3 B T 0.42 0.560 12.7 1.000 1963 0.11 0.1 0.0 12.8 B 12.9 B Southbound T 0.59 0.420 22.4 1.000 1472 0.18 0.6 0.0 23.0 C 20.6 C R 0.09 0.820 1.7 1.000 1286 0.11 0.0 0.0 1.8 A Intersection Delay = 17.1 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = B I SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for exclusive lefts APPROACH EB WB NB SB Cycle Length, C 100.0 sec Green Time for Lane Group, G 56.0 'Actual Effective Green Time for Lune Group, g 44.0 Opposing Effective Green Time, go 42.0 Number of Lanes in Lane Group, N 1 Number of Opposing Lanes, No 2 Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt 112 of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto 0.00 'Proportion Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo 871 Lost Time for Lane Group, tl 4.00 ' Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo 3.11 12.73 Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) 1.00 gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g 0.0 Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) 0.58 gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) 19.82 gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf 24.18 n= (gq-gf) /2, n>=0 9.91 Ptho=1-Plto 1.00 P1*=Plt [l+{ (N-1)g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4.24) )] 1.00 'Ell (Figure 9-7) 3.07 E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 1.00 fmin=2 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g 0.09 gdiff=max(gq-gf,0) 0.00 fm= [gf/g] + [gu/g] [l/{1+P1 (Ell-1) )] , (min=fmin;max=1.00) 0.18 flt=fm=[gf/g]+gdiff [1/{l+Plt(E12-1) )] + [gu/g] [1/ (1+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1.0) or flt= [fm+0. 91 (N-1) ] /N** fit 0.179 For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If Pl>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>l, then assume de -facto 1 left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. 1 1 1 I SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for shared lefts APPROACH EB WB NB SB Cycle Length, C 100.0 sec 'Actual Green Time for Lane Group, G Effective Green Time for LAne Group, g Opposing Effective Green Time, go 'Number of Lanes in Lane Group, N Number of Opposing Lanes, No Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt Proportion of Left Turns in Lane Group, Plt Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo 'Lost Time for Lane Group, tl Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 Opposing Flow per Lane, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) 'gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC ** b)) ] -tl, gf<=g Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 Ptho=1-Plto P1*=Plt [l+{ (N-1)g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4.24)) ) Ell (Figure 9-7) E12=(l-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 fmin=2 (1+Plt) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g gdiff=max(gq-gf,0) fm=[gf/g]+[gu/g] [l/{l+Pl(Ell-1))], (min=fmin;max=1.00) 'flt=fm=[gf/g]+gdiff [1/{1+Plt(E12-1) )] + [gu/g] [l/ (1+Plt (Ell-1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1. 0) or flt= [fm+0 . 91 (N-1) ] /N** flt Primary For special case of single -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If P1>=1-for shared left -turn lanes with N>1, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. 1 For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. 1 1 SUPPLEMENTAL UNIFORM DELAY WORKSHEET Adj. LT Vol from Vol Adjustment Worksheet, v v/c ratio from Capacity Worksheet, X 'Primary phase effective green, g Secondary phase effective green, gq (From Supplemental Permitted LT Worksheet), gu Cycle length, C 100.0 Red=(C-g-gq-gu), r Arrivals: v/(3600(max(X,1.0))), qa Primary ph. departures: s/3600, sp 'Secondary ph. departures: s(gq+gu)/(gu*3600), ss XPerm XProt XCase Queue at beginning of green arrow, Qa Queue at beginning of unsaturated green, Qu Residual queue, Qr Uniform Delay, di 1 Appr/ Lane Group EBLT WBLT DELAY/LOS WORKSHEET WITH INITIAL QUEUE NBLT SBLT 112 0.32 12.0 19.82 24.18 44.0 0.03 0.487 0.17 0.34 0.30 1 1.37 0.62 0.00 12.8 Initial Dur. Uniform Delay Initial Final Initial Lane Unmet Unmet Queue Unmet Queue Group Demand Demand Unadj. Adj. Param. Demand Delay Delay Q veh t hrs. ds di sec u Q veh d3 sec d sec Eastbound I Westbound INorthbound Southbound 1 Intersection Delay 17.1 sec/veh Intersection LOS B F1 '.I ERROR MESSAGES I No errors to report. I r I 1 HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 ' Inter: Route 522/340& Driveway City/St: Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA Proj #: 2007 Build -out 'Date: 3/15/01 Period: PM Peak E/W St: Route 522/340 N/S St: Main Driveway SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION SUMMARY Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound L T R L T R I L T R L T R No. Lanes 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 1 LGConfig L R L T T R Volume 1194 78 1 1142 1127 923 107 Lane Width 112.0 12.0 1 112.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 RTOR Vol 1 31 1 1 52 Duration 1.00 Area Type: All other areas Signal Operations Phase Combination 1 2 3 4 I 5 6 EB Left A NB Left A A Thru Thru A A Right A Right Peds Peds WB Left SB Left Thru Thru A Right Right A Peds Peds NB Right EB Right A Right P WB Right 'SB Green 36.0 10.0 42.0 Yellow 2.0 2.0 2.0 Red 2.0 2.0 2.0 'All Cycle Length: 100.0 secs 7 8 'Intersection Performance Summary_ Appr/ Lane Adj Sat Ratios Lane Group Lane Group Flow Rate ' Grp Capacity (s) v/c g/C Delay LOS Eastbound L 631 1752 0.34 0.360 23.7 k_ R 784 1568 0.07 0.500 13.0 ' Westbound Northbound L 309 0.51 0.560 16.5 ' T 1963 3505 0.64 0.560 15.8 Southbound C Fil Approach Delay LOS 21.6 C 15.8 B T 1472 3505 0.70 0.420 25.3 C 23.9 C R 1286 1568 0.05 0.820 1.7 A Intersection Delay = 19.6 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS B HCS: Signalized Intersections Release 3.2 Phone: Fax: E-Mail: OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS 'Intersection: Route 522/340& Driveway City/State: Shenandoah Analyst: PHRA 'Project No: 2007 Build -out Time Period Analyzed: PM Peak Date: 3/15/01 East/West Street Name: Route 522/340 ' North/South Street Name: Main Driveway ■ ■ Eastbound ' L T R Volume 1194 78 10.90 0.90 'PHF PK 15 Vol 154 22 .1 Hi Ln Vol Grade 1 0 '% Ideal Sat 11900 1900 ParkExist 'NumPark % Heavy VehJ3 3 No. Lanes 1 1 0 1 LGConfig Lane Width I L 112.0 R 12.0 RTOR Vol 1 31 Adj Flow 1216 52 %InSharedLni Prop Turns NumPeds 'NumBus 10 %RightsInProtPhase Duration 1.00 VOLUME DATA Westbound L T R I 0 0 0 Northbound L T R 142 1127 0.90 0.90 39 313 0 1900 1900 3 3 1 2 0 L T 12.0 12.0 158 1252 0 0 1 00 i i0 Area Type: All other areas 0 Southbound L T R 923 107 0.90 0.90 256 30 0 1900 1900 3 3 0 2 1 T R 12.0 12.0 52 1026 61 0 0 00 Eastbound ' L T R Init Unmet 10.0 0.0 Arriv. TypeJ3 3 Unit Ext. 13.0 3.0 I Factor 1 1.000 Lost Time 12.0 2.0 Ext of g 12.0 2.0 Ped Min g 3.0 Phase Combination 1 EB Left A Thru Right A Peds WB Left Thru Right Peds NB Right ' SB Right P Green 36.0 Yellow 2.0 All Red 2.0 Cycle Length: 100.0 2 secs _OPERATING PARAP Westbound L T R PHASE DATA 3 4 RETERS Northbound L T R 0.0 0.0 3 3 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 5 NB Left A Thru A Right Peds SB Left Thru Right Peds EB Right A WB Right 6 A A A A 10.0 42.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Southbound L T R 0.0 0.0 3 3 3.0 3.0 1.000 2.0 2.0 -2.0 2.0 3.0 7 8 ' VOLUME ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Adjusted Prop. Prop. 'Appr./ Mvt Flow No. Lane Flow Rate Left Right Movement Volume PHF Rate Lanes Group RTOR In Lane Grp Turns Turns Eastbound Left 194 0.90 2'116 1 L 216 Thru 0 Right 78 0.90 52 1 R 31 52 Westbound Left 0 ' Thru 0 Right 0 ' Northbound Left 142 0.90 158 1 L 158 Thru 1127 0.90 1252 2 T 1252 Right 0 Southbound ' Left 0 Thru 923 0.90 1026 2 T 1026 Right 107 0.90 61 1 R 52 61 ' * Value by entered user. ' SATURATION FLOW ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET Appr/ Ideal Sat f f f f f f f f f 'Lane Group Flow W HV G P BB A LU RT LT Eastbound Sec LT Adj/LTSat: L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 - 0.950 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Westbound Sec LT Ad'J/LT Sat: ' Northbound Sec LT Adj/LTSat: 0.122 L 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 - 0.950 T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 0.95 1.000 1.000 Southbound Sec LT Adj/LT Sat: ' T 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 0.95 1.000 1.000 R 1900 1.000 0.971 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 0.850 ---- Adj Sat Flow 1752 1568 224 1752 3505 3505 1568 1 CAPACITY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET Adj Adj Sat Flow Green --Lane Group-- Appr/ Lane Flow Rate Flow Rate Ratio Ratio Capacity v/c ' Mvmt Group (v) (s) (v/s) (g/C) (c) Ratio Eastbound ' Pri. Sec. Left L 216 Thru Right R 52 Westbound Pri. ' Sec. Left ' Thru Right Northbound ' Pri. Sec. 158 0 Left L 158 Thru T 1252 'Right Southbound Pri. ' Sec. Left Thru T 1026 ' Right R 61 ' Lost Time/Cycle, L = 12.00 sec 1 t 1752 # 0.12 0.360 631 0.34 1568 0.03 0.500 784 0.07 1752 # 0.09 0.120 210 0.75 224 0.00 0.440 99 0.00 0.560 309 0.51 3505 0.36 0.560 1963 0.64 3505 # 0.29 0.420 1472 0.70 1568 0.04 0.820 1286 0.05 Sum (v/s) critical = 0.51 Critical v/c(X) = 0.58 'LEVEL OF SERVICE WORKSHEET Appr/ Ratios Unf Prog Lane Incremental Res Lane Group Approach Lane Del Adj Grp Factor Del Del ' Grp v/c g/C di Fact Cap k d2 d3 Delay LOS Delay LOS Eastbound ' L 0.34 0.360 23.4: 1.000 631 0.11 0.3 0.0 23.7 C 21.6 C R 0.07 0.500 12.9 1.000 784 0.11 0.0 0.0 13.0 B ' westbound Northbound L 0.51 0.560 15.1. 1.000 309 0.12 1.4 0.0 16.5 B ' T 0.64 0.560 15.1. 1.000 1963 0.22 0.7 0.0 15.8 B 15.8 B Southbound ' T 0.70 0.420 23.E; 1.000 1472 0.26 1.5 0.0 25.3 C 23.9 C R 0.05 0.820 1.7 1.000 1286 0.11 0.0 0.0 1.7 A ' Intersection Delay = 19.6 (sec/veh) Intersection LOS = B I �II 71 I J � _SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for exclusive lefts APPROACH EB WB NB Cycle Length, C 100.0 sec Actual Green Time for Lane Group, G 56.0 Effective Green Time for Lane Group, g 44.0 Opposing Effective G2*een Time, go 42.0 Number of Lanes in Lz.ne Group, N 1 Number of Opposing Lanes, No 2 Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt 158 Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto 0.00 Adjusted Opposing Flow Rate, Vo 1026 Lost Time for Lane Group, tl 4.00 Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 4.39 Opposing Flow per Lame, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo 15.00 Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) 1.00 gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC '-* b)) ] -tl, gf<=g 0.0 Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) 0.58 gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) 24.86 gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, ==g-gf if gq<gf 19.14 n= (gq-gf) /2 , n>=0 12.43 Ptho=1-Plto 1.00 P1*=Plt [l+{ (N-1) g/ (gi`+gu/Ell+4.24)) ] 1.00 Ell (Figure 9-7) 3.58 E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 1.00 fmin=2 (1+P1t) /g or fmin=2 (1+P1) /g 0.09 gdiff=max(gq-gf,0) 0.00 fm= [gf/g] + [gu/g] [l/{:.+P1 (Ell-1)) ] , (min=fmin;max=1 . 00) 0.12 flt=fm= [gf/g] +gdiff [:_/{l+Plt (E12-1) }] + [gu/g] [1/ (l+Plt (Ell-.1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1 .0) or flt= [fm+0. 91 (N-1) ] /N** fit 0.122 For special case of :jingle -lane approach opposed by multilane approach, see text. * If Pl>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>l, then assume de -facto SB left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted left: -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of multilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. 1 ' _SUPPLEMENTAL PERMITTED LT WORKSHEET for shared lefts ' APPROACH EB WB NB SB Cycle Length, C 100.0 sec 'Actual Green Time foz Lane Group, G Effective Green Time for Lane Group, g Opposing Effective Green Time, go 'Number of Lanes in Lane Group, N Number of Opposing Lanes, No Adjusted Left -Turn Flow Rate, Vlt 'Proportion of Left Turns in Lane Group, Plt Proportion of Left Turns in Opposing Flow, Plto Adjusted Opposing Flcw Rate, Vo 'Lost Time for Lane Group, tl Left Turns per Cycle: LTC=V1tC/3600 Opposing Flow per Lar..e, Per Cycle: Volc=VoC/3600fluo Opposing Platoon Ratio, Rpo (Table 9-2 or Eqn 9-7) gf= [Gexp (- a * (LTC %* b)) ] -tl, gf<=g Opposing Queue Ratio: qro=1-Rpo(go/C) gq, (see Eq. 9-16 or 9-20) gu =g-gq if gq>=gf, =g-gf if gq<gf n=(gq-gf)/2, n>=0 Ptho=1-Plto 'P1*=Plt [l+ f (N-1)g/ (gf+gu/Ell+4.24)) ) Ell (Figure 9-7) E12=(1-Ptho**n)/Plto, E12>=1.0 'fmin=2 (1+Plt) /g or fniin=2 (1+P1) /g gdiff=max(gq-gf,0) fm= [gf/g] + [gu/g] [1/ f ].+P1 (Ell-1)) ] , (min=fmin;max=1 . 00) 'flt=fm= [gf/g] +gdiff [7./ f l+Plt (E12-1) )] + [gu/g] [1/ (l+Plt (Ell- 1) ] , (min=fmin;max=1.0) or flt= [fm+0.91 (N-1) ] /N** flt Primary ' For special case of single -lane approach opposed bymultilane approach, 'see text. * If P1>=1 for shared left -turn lanes with N>l, then assume de -facto left -turn lane and redo calculations. ** For permitted ' left. -turns with multiple exclusive left -turn lanes, flt=fm. For special case of riultilane approach opposed by single -lane approach or when gf>gq, see text. d 1 1 1 ' SUPPLEMENTAL UNIFORM DELAY WORKSHEET 'EBLT WBLT NBLT SBLT Adj. LT Vol from Vol adjustment Worksheet, v 158 v/c ratio from Capacity Worksheet, X 0.51 'Primary phase effective green, g 12.0 Secondary phase effective'lreen, gq 24.86 (From Supplemental Permitted LT Worksheet), gu 19.14 length, C 100.0 Red=(C-g-gq-gu), r 44.0 'Cycle Arrivals: v/(3600(max(X,1.0))), qa 0.04 Primary ph. departures: s/3600, sp 0.487 ph. departures: s(gq+gu)/(gu*3600), ss 0.14 'Secondary XPerm 0.71 XProt 0.42 ' XCase Queue at beginning of green arrow, Qa 1 1.93 Queue at beginning of unsaturated green, Qu 1.09 ' Residual queue, Qr Uniform Delay, dl 0.00 15.1 Appr/ ' Lane Group DELAY/LOS WORKSHEET WITH INITIAL QUEUE Initial Dur. Unmet Unmet Demand Demand Q veh t hrs. I Eastbound Westbound r I Northbound 1 1 1 Southbound Uniform Delay Initial Final Queue Unmet Unadj. Adj. Param. Demand ds dl sec u Q veh Initial Lane Queue Group Delay Delay d3 sec d sec Intersection Pelay 19.6 sec/veh Intersection LOS B ' ERROR MESSAGES ' No errors to report. 1 File 3 of 3 Master Development Plan #06-00