HomeMy WebLinkAboutBoard of Zoning Appeals - Powers and Duties 1983 - Backfile•
Board of Zoning Appeals
Powers and Duties
'1706SOLETE
1983
Department of Housing and Community Development / Local Development Programs
•
ABSTRACT
TITLE: Powers and Duties of Boards of Zoning Appeals
AUTHOR:
Office of Local
Development
Programs
Department of
Housing and
Community Development
DATE:
July 1983
SOURCE OF
Department of
Housing and
Community Development
COPIES:
Office of Local
Development
Programs
Fourth Street
Office Building
205 North Fourth Street
Richmond, Virginia 23219
NUMBER OF
COPIES: 2000
NUMBER OF
PAGES: 20
ABSTRACT: Boards of Zoning Appeals play an important role in the
land use decisions made. in . their communities. Most
members of these bodies, however, have little or no
training in the planning field and the zoning laws which
control land use. This document is a technical manual to
assist members of boards of zoning appeals in carrying
out their responsibilities.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
A Committee appointed by the Virginia Chapter, American Planning
Association reveiwed drafts of this reportand offered many helpful
suggestions. DHCD is grateful to members of this Review Committee
and to the Virginia Chapter for its assistance.
INTRODUCTION
;k
Zoning regulations cannot be written to accommodate every circumstance
" which arises from the controlof land uses. At times an interpretation
is needed to determine if a variance in the application of specific terms
of an ordinance is justified. Such judgments are the responsibility of
the Board of Zoning Appeals.. The" powers and duties of the Board are
discussed in the following pages.
CONTENTS
APPEALS PROCEDURE
POWERS AND DUTIES OF BOARDS OF ZONING APPEALS
What is a Board of Zoning Appeals?
Why Do Boards of Zoning Appeals Exist?
What Provision Has Been Made for the Creation of Board of
Zoning Appeals?
Who Establishes a Board of Zoning Appeals?
What Are the Basic Powers of the Board of Zoning Appeals?
What Are Additional Duties of the Board of Zoning Appeals?
How Can a Board of Zoning Appeals Prepare for its
Responsibilities?
What Can the Board of Zoning Appeals Do to Avoid Improper
Actions?
In What Way Does the Board of Zoning Appeals Interpret the
Zoning Ordinance?
What is a "Special Exception" and How Does the Board of
Zoning Appeals Deal With It?
What Is a Variance and When Should One Be Granted by the
Board of Zoning Appeals?
What Are the .Consequences of Actions of the Board of Zoning
Appeals?
How Does the Virginia Freedom of Information Act Affect the
Board of Zoning Appeals?
How Does the Virginia Comprehensive Conflict of Interests Act
Affect the Board of Zoning Appeals?
APPENDIX '
Suggested Bylaws, Boards of Zoning Appeals
Sample Form: Application for Variance
Sample Form: Sample Motion on Variance
Sample Form: Appeal to the Board of Zoning Appeals
Page
1
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
13
13
14
15
•
ZONING ORDINANCE
ADMINISTRATOR
BOARD OF
ZONING APPEALS
•
CIRCUIT COURT
SUPREME COURT
C7
APPEALS PROCEDURE
Applications may be made to the board
of zoning appeals to request:
1. a special exception from the
zoning ordinance, [ 1 ]
2. a variance from a provision of
the zoning ordinance,
3. an interpretation of a zoning
district boundary, and
4. an appeal from a decision of
the zoning administrator.
If the applicant or any aggrieved
.party disagrees with . the board's
decision, he may petition the circuit
court to review the decision.
If the applicant or any aggrieved
party disagrees with the ruling of the
circuit court, he may appeal to the
state Supreme Court.
[ 1 ] In some localities, the governing body
may reserve this function for itself.
POWERS AND DUTIES OF BOARDS OF ZONING• APPEALS
1. WHAT IS A BOARD OF ZONING APPEALS?
The board of zoning appeals (BZA) is a quasi-judicial body
established under state law to provide relief in special cases where
the exact application of the terms of the ordinance would be
unduly restrictive and cause a hardship. Its function is to hear
and decide upon the interpretation and the application of the
provisions of the zoning ordinance in these cases. Although the
board has certain discretionary powers in making its decisions,
these powers have definite limits. The board must always abide
by and comply with the powers granted to it by the local zoning
ordinance and the state enabling act. The local zoning ordinance
may not confer powers on the board which are not authorized by
the state enabling act.
2. WHY DO BOARDS OF ZONING APPEALS EXIST?
A zoning ordinance cannot provide for all conceivable situations to
which it must apply. Provisions must be made to balance the
strict application of the ordinance with the purposes and intent
established by the ordinance. The primary function of the BZA is
to vary the specific terms of the zoning ordinance so that practical
development problems of the community may be met within the
provisions of the ordinance. In effect the board acts as a "safety
valve." Without this body to decide on such matters, solutions to
these development problems would have to be accomplished by
amendment of the ordinance or through a lawsuit.
3. WHAT PROVISION HAS BEEN MADE FOR THE CREATION OF
BOARDS OF ZONING APPEALS?
Sections 15.1-486 through 15.1-498 , Code of Virginia (1950) , as
amended, which permit cities, towns, and counties to adopt zoning
ordinances, provide for the creation of a BZA, and defines the
powers and duties of the board. When a community adopts a
zoning ordinance, it must create the board to carry out the
functions as set out in the state law.
3
0 4. WHO ESTABLISHES A BOARD OF ZONING APPEALS?
•
A. The BZA is appointed by the circuit court of the county or
municipality, unless otherwise permitted by charter . [ 1 ] The
governing body may provide a list of eligible candidates which
the court may consider in malting its selection.
B . The BZA appointed by the court shall consist of five or seven
residents, each to serve for a term of five years. Original
appointments shall be .made for staggered terms. Members
may be removed for just cause by the appointing authority
upon written charges and after a public .hearing held after at
least fifteen days' notice. Vacancies for the unexpired term
of any member whose office becomes vacant shall be filled by
the circuit court.
C. Counties and municipalities may, by ordinances in each
jurisdiction, create a joint BZA. Two members from each
jurisdiction and one member at large are appointed by the
circuit court.
5'. WHAT ARE THE BASIC POWERS OF THE BOARD OF ZONING
APPEALS?
The BZA shall:
A.' Hear and decide appeals from any order, requirement,
decision, or determination made by the zoning administrator
or an administrative official in enforcing or administering the
zoning ordinance.
B . Authorize, upon request in specific cases, such variances
from the terms of the zoning ordinance as will not be
contrary to the public interest:
(1) . When, owing to special conditions, a literal enforcement
of the provisions of the zoning ordinance will result in
unnecessary and undue hardship;
(2) When such hardship is not shared generally by other
properties in the same zoning district and the same
vicinity;
[11 Some cities and towns have charter provisions which permit- the
governing body to appoint the members of the board of zoning
appeals.
4
(3) Wheri the authorization of such .variance .will not be of
substantial detriment to adjacent property or change the
�.. character of. the district.
C. Hear and decide applications for interpretation of a zoning
district map where there is uncertainty as to the location of a
district boundary.
D. Hear and decide applications for special exceptions (use
permits) authorized by the zoning ordinance provided the
B ZA is permittedby the ordinance to - consider such
exceptions.
01
In exercising the above enumerated powers, the BZA may reverse
or affirm, wholly or partly, or modify any order, requirement,
decision or determination under review. No provision of the law
shall be construed as granting any board the power to rezone
property.
6. WHAT ARE ADDITIONAL DUTIES OF THE BOARD OF ZONING
APPEALS?
A. The B ZA shall:
(1) Make, alter, or rescind rules and forms for its
procedures consistent. with the zoning ordinance;
(2) Keep minutes of its proceedings, which include the vote
of each member on each question, and records of its
investigations and other official actions; and
(3) File its records in the office of the board and maintain
them as a public record.
B. Within sixty days from the filing of an application, the board
shall:
(1) Fix a reasonable time for a hearing;
(2) Give public notice of the time of the hearing in
accordance with § 15.1-431, Code of Virginia (1950) , as
amended;
(3) Give due notice to the interested parties; and
(4) Decide the appeal.
5
0 C . Meetings of the BZA shall:
•
(1) Be held at the call of the chairman and at such other
times as the board may determine; and
(2) Be .open to the public.
D. The concurring vote of a majority of the board shall be
necessary to:
(1) Reverse any order, requirement, decision or
determination of any administrative official;
(2) Decide in favor of the applicant on any matter which it
is required to consider under the zoning ordinance; or
(3) Effect any variation in a zoning ordinance.
7. HOW CAN A BOARD OF ZONING APPEALS PREPARE FOR ITS
RESPONSIBILITIES?
The BZA should consider taking the following steps in order to
prepare itself for its part in the administration of 'the zoning
ordinance:
A. Study Virginia's zoning enabling law.
Sections 15.1-486 through 15.1-498, Code of Virginia (1950),
as amended, which permit political subdivisions to adopt a
zoning ordinance, include a statement on the exact powers
given to a BZA. These sections also set forth requirements
for board organization and rules of procedure.
B. Study your community's zoning ordinance.
An understanding of .the zoning ordinance is essential to the
proper functioning of a, BZA. Only by understanding the
community's zoning will it be possible for the BZA to
determine the purpose and intent of the zoning ordinance.
C. Meet with the planning commission and other local officials.
The BZA may meet with the local planning commission to
review the studies which it undertakes in preparing and
amending the zoning ordinance. In such discussions, the
BZA should keep in mind the relationship between the
6
comprehensive plan and the zoning ordinance. The ordinance
is one method. of implementing the recommendations of the
plan. The BZA may also wish to call on the planning
commission for its recommendation on specific cases relating to
the overall comprehensive plan.
8. WHAT CAN THE BOARD OF ZONING APPEALS DO TO AVOID
IMPROPER ACTIONS?
A. Establish rules.
Definite rules of procedure will help the board to give proper
consideration to all cases coming before it. Such rules will
assure more uniform treatment of all matters before it. All
boards should consider the adoption of bylaws that state
specifically how facts are to be presented, and how public
hearings shall be conducted (the Appendix, contains sample
bylaws and a sample format for considering variances) .
B. Distribute information.
Full public information on board actions helps the board to
carry out its duties. In addition to the formal legal notices
that are required, news storieson facts presented before the
board and the basis for board decisions are beneficial.
Likewise, signs placed on property indicating . that the board
is holding .a public hearing to consider a special exception or
variance will also promote public understanding of the board's
work.
C . Keep records.
Actions of the BZA are always subject to court review. It is
recommended that the board keep complete records of the
facts presented to it, the decisions reached by it, and the
reasoning behind the decisions. The adoption of standard
forms (see the Appendix) and procedures will reduce the
possibility of mistakes.
D. Seek information.
On legal matters, the board may seek an opinion from the
locality's legal advisor.
The Virginia Department of Housing and Community
Development maintains resource material on zoning law,
administration, and procedures.
it
Other sources to consult include: recent case law from the
state Supreme Court, the Virginia Civil Digest (opinions of
the Attorney General) , and planning research publications
(e.g., Planning Advisory Service of the American Planning
Association) .
Two major reference books are American Planning Law by
Norman Williams, Jr. (5 vols. , Chicago: -Callaghan & Co.,
1974) and Zoning Law and Practice by E. C. Yokley (4th
edition, 8 vols., arlottesville Michie Co., 1980) .
9. IN WHAT WAY DOES THE BOARD OF ZONING APPEALS
INTERPRET THE ZONING ORDINANCE?
Questions which arise over the•,meaning of a particular, provision of
a zoning ordinance are decided by the BZA.
For example, an ordinance may list specific uses permitted in
neighborhood business districts and, in addition, may permit "any
similar business or service which is established for the convenience
of neighboring residents." Among the permitted uses listed is a
service station. An application requests a permit for a repair
garage, claiming that it meets the conditions for this district as
set forth in the ordinance. The zoning administrator agrees that
the garage would be for the "convenience of neighboring
residents" but denies that it is similar- to a service station. The
permit is refused and an appeal for interpretation is made to the
BZA.
An interpretation may also be needed when an applicant for a
building permit disagrees with the zoning administrator regarding
the location of a boundary line between districts. For example,
the line between a business and an industrial district may be in
question in regard to the applicant's property. An appeal for a
decision on the exact location of the district boundary is made to
the board.
Although
most
zoning ordinances
clearly define the term
"customary
home occupations," they do
not ordinarily
list all of the
specific uses that
can be included in
this category.
An applicant
may be
denied a building permit
to remodel a
portion of a
residence
for use
as a beauty shop.
The applicant,
believing this
to be as
much of
a home occupation
as dressmaking
or taking in
boarders,
appeals
to the board for a
decision.
0
10. WHAT IS A "SPECIAL EXCEPTION" AND HOW DOES THE BOARD
OF ZONING APPEALS.:, DEAL WITH IT?
A use that is not compatible with other uses permitted in the
district can be allowed by a special exception (use permit) which
may be granted by the BZA. The board may apply conditions to
the approval of a special exception. The board's power to grant
the exceptions must be stated in the ordinance. For example:
Within a residential district, where single-family dwellings are
permitted by right, the following uses are permitted by.
special exception: municipal, county, state or federal uses;
public parks; public utilities; cemeteries; and hospitals for
human care; provided, however, that no permit shall be
issued for these . uses without written approval of the BZA
and subject to such- conditions as the board may require to
preserve and protect the character of the district and
otherwise promote. the purpose of this ordinance.
The zoning administrator must transmit to the BZA applications for
permits requiring special exceptions. The board, in reviewing the
application, will investigate the type of use proposed, its impact
on the surrounding neighborhood, the size of the main building
and other structures, the amount of yard and open space and, on
the basis of these and other related facts, determine whether or
not the use as proposed is in conflict with the zoning ordinance.
Requests for special exceptions from the zoning ordinance are
heard and decided on a case by case basis. Each case is reviewed
on its own merits, appropriateness and compatibility within a given
zoning district. Special exceptions therefore are treated
differently from permitted uses which are regulated uniformly
within the zoning district.
If the board
finds the use as proposed is
in conflict with the
purpose and
intent of the
ordinance, it may
require that certain
conditions be
met before approval is given.
These conditions may
include requirements for a
greater amount of
open space, the use
of mechanical devices to
control dust and
smoke, or specific
locations for
driveways.
The facts of the
case must, however,
indicate that
fulfillment of
the required conditions is necessary to
carry out the
intent of the
ordinance.
Once the BZA has given written approval to an application for a
special exception, the zoning administrator must issue a permit,
subject to the conditions which the board has imposed.
9
.. Since the planning commission is the body which undertakes the
studies resulting in the adoption of the zoning ordinance, the BZA
should seek its advice in granting special exceptions. The
planning commission can be of particular help in determining the
intent of the ordinance and deciding what conditions might be
imposed in specific cases.
•
11. WHAT IS A VARIANCE AND WHEN SHOULD ONE BE GRANTED BY
THE BOARD OF ZONING APPEALS?
A. Variances permitted under the powers granted to the board
are not adjustments of a particular provision of the
ordinance. They are, rather, the relaxation of a specific
requirement of the ordinance when circumstances warrant it.
For example, an applicant for a building permit in a
residential district may find that the 30-foot front yard
requirement of the ordinance cannot be applied to his
particular lot if he is to use it for residential purposes. To
avoid a stream running through the lot, it may be necessary
to locate the house less than 30 feet from the street. In this
case, the BZA may review the facts relating to the particular
lot and permit the front -yard requirement to be reduced from
30 to 20 feet, without destroying the intent of the'ordinance.
B . In granting a variance, the board may not make any decision
which is contrary to the purpose and intent of the zoning
ordinance. For example, it has no power to permit business
establishments to invade residential districts in which such
business uses are prohibited nor may it permit residential
uses to invadea business or industrial district. To do so is
not an adjustment to the zoning ordinance but would
constitute an amendment to it. Amendments can be made only
by the governing body.
C. A situation which applies generally throughout an area may
not be rectified by granting a variance. Such matters should
be handled through an amendment to the zoning ordinance by
the governing body. There is . no basis for granting an
adjustment in the provisions of a zoning ordinance unless the
zoning for a particular parcel of land presents peculiar,
special, or unique conditions that would prohibit or r
unreasonably restrict use of the property.
D. The board may not grant a variance unless strict application
of the terms of the zoning ordinance prevents a reasonable
use of the property. A reasonable use is not necessarily the
10
most profitable use of the property. Each application for a
variance must meet several conditions. or. tests before the
application may be approved by the board.'
E. Undue hardship must be proven. A variance issued fora
lesser reason or simply because the board feels it is doing
"justice" constitutes an invalid application of board authority.
There is no hard and fast definition of "undue hardship." It
is essential to hear all the facts and measure each case on its
own merits. Below are some guidelines, based on legal
precedent, for applying the concept of undue hardship.
u
(1) The premises cannot be used in a manner permitted by
the zoning ordinance unless the variance is granted.
(2) 'A strict application of the terms of the zoning ordinance
will preclude its use for any purpose to which the land
is reasonably adapted (e.g., a pre-existing 18,000 sq.
ft. lot in a residential district requiring a minimum
20,000 sq. ft. lot)..
•
(3) Inability to put the property to its most profitable use
does not constitute "undue hardship . "
(4) Mere inconvenience to the applicant is not sufficient
grounds for "undue hardship . "
(5) Loss or gain of monetary value is not a proper criterion
in determining "undue hardship."
(6) The burden of proof of "undue hardship" rests upon the
applicant and, without such proof, a variance must be
denied. Furthermore, the hardship must be peculiar to
the lot in question and must not be common to other
properties in the district. If the condition of hardship
is common to other properties, the governing body
should consider a change in the zoning ordinance. The
granting of a variance in such cases is improper. The
board should notify the governing body of the need for
a change.
(7) Sometimes, the B ZA uses the existence of nonconforming
uses of nearby lands or buildings as the basis for
granting a variance. Such a procedure violates sound
zoning principles and raises serious legal questions.
11
The board may not, grant a variance to permit a use not
generally permitted in a district nor shall it grant a
variance for any use prohibited by the terms of the
existing ordinance.
(8) The hardship must be created by a strict application of
the. ordinance. If the hardship is self-imposed, caused
by an action of the owner, the applicant, or some other
agent, relief by means of a variance may not be granted
(e.g. , the placement of an accessory structure on a lot
so as to violate the yard requirements of an ordinance) .
To summarize, in granting a variance:
A. The public interest must be served. A major consideration in
deciding on an appeal for a variance is whether granting the
adjustment will serve the public good. The board may not
grant an adjustment when the action would injure and
endanger other property or persons. In considering the
public interest, it is important to review the purpose of
zoning stated in Virginia law (§15.1-489 Code of Virginia
(1950) , as amended) :.
Such ordinances shall be designed to give- reasonable
consideration to each of the following purposes , where
applicable: (1) to provide for adequate light, air,
convenience of access, and safety from fire, flood and
other dangers; (2) to reduce or prevent congestion in
the public streets; (3) to facilitate the creation of a
convenient, attractive, and harmonious community; (4) to
facilitate the provisions of adequate police and fire
protection, disaster evacuation, civil defense,
transportation, water,, sewerage, flood protection,
schools, parks, forests, playgrounds, recreational
facilities, airports and other public requirements; (5) to
protect against destruction of or encroachment upon
historic areas; (6) to protect against one or more of the
following: overcrowding of land, undue density of
population in relation to the community facilities existing
or available, obstruction of light and air, danger and
congestion in travel and .transportation, or loss of life,
health, or property from fire, flood, panic or other
dangers; and (7.)_ to encourage economic development
activities that provide desirable employment and enlarge
the tax - base; and (8) to provide for the preservation of
agricultural and forestal lands."
1.2
•
B : The spirit of the ordinance must be upheld. It is incumbent
upon the BZA to see that granting a variance, will not be
contrary to the general land use plan which the. ordinance
carries out. The board may not take actions that alter the
provisions of the ordinance. In granting a variance, the
board must be convinced that its action is in harmony with
the ordinance.
C. Substantial justice must be done. In its decision on an
appeal for a variance, it is the duty of the board to see that
substantial justice is done to all parties concerned -- the
applicant, the people directly affected, and the general
public.
12. WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF ACTIONS OF, THE BOARD OF
ZONING APPEALS?
An applicant or any aggrieved party who disagrees with a
decision, or any part of a decision, by the BZA may appeal to the
courts. In such cases, the burden of proof is on the appellant.
The board's decision or actions will be ruled against if the court
finds them:
A. to be contrary to the provisions of the zoning ordinance;
B . to exceed the powers granted to the board; or
C . to be arbitrary and unreasonable.
In making its decision, the board should be able to demonstrate
that it applied generally established standards in a fair and
equitable manner.
13. HOW DOES THE VIRGINIA FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT
AFFECT THE BOARD OF ZONING APPEALS?
The Virginia Freedom of Information Act (§ §2.1-340-2.1-346.1,
Code of Virginia (1950), as amended) provides that barring a few
narrowly defined exceptions, meetings and official records of
public bodies such as the BZA must be open to the public.
Therefore, any gathering of a quorum of the board to discuss
official business is illegal unless the public has access to the
meeting. A meeting is considered to be public so long as it is
held in such a manner that the public is not denied access to it.
13
•
There is no requirement that meetings be previously announced by
general public notice. There is, however, a requirement that an
individual who has requested notification in writing to be notified
of all meetings. Public hearings must be advertised by public
notice as required in §15.1-431 of the Code of Virginia (1950); as
amended.
Executive (closed) meetings of the BZA are allowed provided that
discussion is limited to matters listed in the Virginia Freedom of
Information Act.
Before going into a closed meeting, the board must vote to do so
in an open meeting and decide the general subjects to be
discussed. Any decisions made or actions taken in a closed
meeting must be voted upon again at an open meeting.
14. HOW DOES THE VIRGINIA COMPREHENSIVE CONFLICT OF
INTERESTS ACT AFFECT THE BOARD OF ZONING APPEALS?
The Virginia Comprehensive Conflict of Interests Act (§§2.1-599-
2.1-634, Code of. Virginia (1950), as amended) provides that a BZA
member may not accept money or anything of value for services
performed except for salary received for serving on 'the board.
Neither may a member offer or accept compensation in consideration.
of obtaining a board appointment, disclose confidential information
for personal gain, accept compensation to influence decisions, nor
accept a business or job that is intended to influence his conduct
in the performance of duties. A member shall have no contract
with his locality other than his employment contract unless; (1)
awarded as the result of sealed bidding or competitive
negotiations; or (2) it is awarded after finding by the locality that
competitive bidding or negotiation is not . in the public's best
interest.
A BZA member shall disqualify himself from any board transaction
which he. has personal interest or would stand to benefit.
However, if the transaction affects the public generally, including
the board member, disqualification is not necessary. If there is
less than a quorum after board members disqualify themselves, the
remaining members who are qualified to vote may decide the issue
by majority vote.
BZA members in localities over 3,500 population must file a
disclosure statement as a condition of employment. Disclosures of
financial and real estate interests, including businesses and
corporations developing local real estate, must be made each
January. Disclosure forms are available from the local circuit
court clerk. Completed forms must be filed with the clerk.
14
APPENDIX
SUGGESTED BYLAWS
BOARD OF ZONING APPEALS
ARTICLE 1. OFFICERS
1-1. The board shall organize; and annually elect a chairman,
vice-chairman, and secretary in the month of
1-2. The chairman shall preside at all meetings and hearings of the
board; he shall decide all points of order or procedure and
shall appoint any committees that are found to be necessary.
1-3. The vice-chairman shall assume the duties of the chairman in
his absence.
1-4. The secretary shall handle all official correspondence subject
to these rules at the direction of the board; shall send out all
notices required by these rules of procedure; shall keep the
minutes of the board's proceedings; and shall keep a file on
each case which comes before the board.
ARTICLE 2. MEETINGS
2-1. A regular meeting of the board of zoning appeals for the
hearing of cases shall be held on the of each
month at m. , unless no cases are pending, in which
instance no m tt niee g shall be held.
2-2. Special meetings may be called by the chairman, provided that
at least five (5) days' written notice of such meeting is given
each member.
2-3. A quorum shall consist of a majority of the board.
2-4. The order of business at all regular meetings of .the board
shall follow Robert's Rules of Order.
2-5. The board may adjourn a regular meeting if all applications or
appeals cannot be disposed of on the day set, and no further
public notice shall be necessary for a continuation of such
meeting.
ARTICLE 3. PROCEDURE FOR HEARING CASES
3-1. Appeals to the board of zoning appeals may be taken by any
person affected by a decision of the zoning administrator and
by applicants for a special exception or variance. Such
•
•
•
appeal shall be filed with the zoning administrator on the form
provided by the board of zoning appeals. The zoning
administrator shall transmit the appeal to the secretary of the
board along with all papers constituting the record of action
upon which the appeal is based.
3-2. The applicant shall provide the secretary with all information
requested on the form provided by the board of zoning
appeals, -and any such additional information and data as may
be required to advise the board fully with reference to the
application for appeal. Applications for appeal must be made
on the proper form.
3-3. An application for appeal filed according to the above
procedure shall be given a case number within five (5) days.
Applications for appeals will be assigned for hearing in the
order in which they are received.
3-4. The secretary of the board shall notify all interested parties
of the time scheduled ' for the public hearing of the case and
give public notice in accordance with § 15.1-431, Code of
Virginia (1950), as amended.
3-5. The applicant may appear in his own behalf at the public
hearing, or be represented by counsel or an agent.
Both the applicant and zoning administrator may speak to the
appeal and any private citizen may speak for or against the
issue. The applicant shall be given an opportunity for a
final rebuttal.
3-6. The final decision on any. appeal to the board of zoning
appeals shall be in the form of a resolution approved by a
quorum of the membership of the board.
3-7. Within thirty (30) days after the hearing, the board shall
notify the parties in interest and the zoning administrator of
the decision.,
ARTICLE 4. RECORDS
4-1. A complete file on each appeal shall be kept by the secretary
as part of the records of the board of zoning appeals.
4-2. All records of the board shall be a public record.
Attest:
Chairman
f
secretary
0
APPLICATION FOR VARIANCE
Board of Zoning Appeals.
Locality
The applicant must provide the following information to support his
application:
A plat of the property drawn to scale showing dimensions.
A location sketch of the property showing nearest road
intersection.
Why is the variance being requested?
List the names and addresses of owners or occupants- of all adjacent
property or property across a road, highway or railroad right-of-way.
Name Mailing Address
The undersigned declares that the above statements and those contained
in any exhibits transmitted to the Board of Zoning Appeals are true.
Applicant (signature)
Applicant (print)
Mailing address
Telephone Number
. SAMPLE MOTION ON' VARIANCE
To Approve:
I move approval of a variance requested by to
Section of the zoning ordinance to permit
. on the property located at
as described in appeal number
This approval is based on the Board's finding
application of the zoning ordinance would effectively
unreasonably restrict use of the property because of
that strict
prohibit or
The Board finds that such
hardship is not shared generally by other properties in the same zoning
district and the same vicinity; that authorization of the variance
requested will not be of substantial detriment to adjacent property; that
the .character of the district will not be changed by the granting of the
variance, and that the condition -requiring the variance is not general
or recurring within the zoning district.
The following conditions are imposed
0 1 , I
Motion carried Motion made by
Motion defeated— Seconded by
Date
Signature
Secretary
To Deny:
I move denial of a variance to Section of the zoning
ordinance requested by to permit
on the property located at
because no hardship or unique condition has
been shown and/or the problem will not be properly solved by the
issuance of a variance.
Motion carried Motion made. by
Motion defeated— Seconded by
Date
Signature
Secretary
Appeal * No.
APPEAL TO THE BOARD OF ZONING APPEALS
Locality"
I (we) , of
Name Mailing Address
respectfully request that the Board of Zoning Appeals review the
decision made on 19 _ by the zoning administrator.
The following action is requested:
[ ] an interpretation of section of the zoning
ordinance.
[ ] an interpretation of the zoning ordinance map.
[ ] an appeal of an administrative decision.
Description of Problem:
Address of Property in
zoning district lot, block or other Iegal
description
Has the applicant previously filed an appeal in connection with the
property?
What .is the applicant's interest in the property?
owner
contract purchaser
owner's agent
other (explain)
Explanation of purpose to which property will be put:
If appropriate, attach supporting material such as a site _ plan,
topographic map, drainage map, utility easement map, building elevation
map etc.
0
•
•
List the names and addresses of owners or occupants of all adjacent
property or property across a road, highway or railroad right-of-way.
Name Mailing Address
Signature of Applicant
Filed . at Virginia, the day of ,
19
For Use of Board of Zoning Appeals
Date hearing advertised Date of hearing Fee paid
Decision of the Board of Zoning Appeals:
Reasons:
1.
Secretary
PUBLIC HEARINGS
Board of Zoning Appeals Variance Application
A variance requires a public hearing before the Board of Zoning
Appeals for approval.
1. APPLICATION SUBMITTAL
Applications may be accepted until the predetermined date (cut-
off date) for the next scheduled meeting.
The applicant submits the application form and fee. Everything
submitted with the application must be date stamped. Carefully
check that all information has been included on the application
(have this confirmed by a Planner). The application fee is $45.00
and a $25.00 deposit is required for the loan of the sign (this
should be listed separately on the deposit report).
The applicant receives the sign and receipt for money paid.
Instruct the applicant to post sign on the property in question,
at least seven days prior to the public hearing, as noted in the
application form.
After the public hearing the applicant must return the sign and a
memo will be sent to finance instructing them to refund the $25.00.
The applicant should receive the check in the mail in approximately
a week to ten days.
2. SETTING UP THE FILE
A member of the clerical staff logs the application in the
reference manual and assigns a number to the application. Write
the name, number and public hearing date on the pending board
(hanging on the wall). A yellow file folder is used for BZA
applications. Type applicant's name and assigned number on the
label. Make a copy of the adjoining property owner list, highlight
property ID numbers on the copy, make a note in the top left hand
corner stating number of sets needed and date needed and take to
Data Processing Office. (See" Adjoiner Letter Notification"
instructions)
Prepare comment sheet "shell" and place it in the front of the
file. Place folder in the BZA pending applications file drawer.
Make sure there is a copy of the receipt in the file.
3. ADVERTISING
The advertisement should be taken or faxed to the Classified
Department of the Winchester Star three working days prior to when
the ad should appear in the newspaper. The ad should appear in the
newspaper once a week for two successive weeks before the week of
the public hearing (usually both Tuesdays before the meeting). The
ad must specify the time andplace of the hearing. (Section 15.1-
431 of the Code of Virginia provides advertising requirements. See
notebook containing previous ads for format).
Have ad signed by the Zoning Administrator.
If hand delivered to the Star Office:
Make two copies of the advertisement original. One copy to County
Administrator's Office. One copy for our records and legal
protection should be initialed and dated by the Star Office to
indicate that the ad was taken to the newspaper at the proper time.
Our copy is placed in the ad notebook. Original remains with the
Star Office.
If Faxed:
Make one copy of the advertisement original (for Co.
Administrator's Office). Fill out fax sheet and take ad to County
Administrator's Office to be faxed. They will take care of faxing
the ad and will return the original to the Planning Dept.
If a public hearing is tabled or continued advertisement must be
repeated
4. ADJOINER NOTIFICATION
The adjoining property owners are listed on the application. Two
weeks before the public hearing, a form letter must be sent to all
adjoining property owners and the applicant. The letter specifies
the date, time and place of the meeting and the specific request
of the applicant. A form is also completed with the names and
addresses of each person or business receiving this letter and this
form is notarized. If a public hearing is continued (tabled)
adjoiner notification must be repeated.
5. AFTER THE PUBLIC HEARING
A signature must be obtained from the Chairman of the Board of
Zoning Appeals for the file.
A letter must be sent to the applicant stating the Board's final
action, either approval or denial.
Write the action taken in the reference manual, remove the
applicant from the pending board and place the file in the
permanent file drawer.
•