PC 10-18-95 Meeting AgendaAGENDA
FREDERICK COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION
The Old Frederick County Courthouse
Winchester, Virginia
OCTOBER 18, 1995
7:00 P.M CALL TO ORDER TAB
1) Bimonthly Report .................................................. A
2) Activity Report .................................................... B
3) Citizen Comments .................................................. C
PUBLIC BEARING
4) Battlefield Network Plan: A public hearing will be held on a preliminary plan to
establish a network of battlefield sites to be used to support tourism and education.
The plan describes concepts, strategies, and sites. It also includes a recommended
plan of action.
(Mr. Watkins) .................................................... D
OTHER
5) Subdivision Application #010-95 of Star Fort Estates Section I. This property is
located on the east side of Lauck Drive (Route 832) , and is identified with PIN 54-A-
1 in the Stonewall District.
(Mr. Tierney) ..................................................... E
6) Discussion with Mr. E.E. Bayliss, III regarding a possible Zoning Ordinance
Amendment to allow self storage in Mi Zoning.
(Mr. Wyatt) ...................................................... F
7) Informal discussion regarding a proposed Master Development Plan for Hill Valley.
(Mr. Tierney) ..................................................... G
2
8) Informal discussion for Hardee's Restaurants / Mobil Oil Convenience Center Site
Plan
(Mr. Wyatt) ...................................................... H
9) Other
............................................................... I
BIMONTHLY REPORT OF PENDING APPLICATIONS
(printed 10/5/95)
REZONINGS:
James T. Wilson
REZ
Opequon 2.99 Acres B1 to B2
Location:
East side of A for Rd. (Rt. 647
Submitted:
09/14/95
PC Review:
10/04/95 Tabled by PC until 11/01/95
BOS Review:
not yet scheduled
Flying J Travel Plaza
REZ)
Stonewall 3.65 Acres RA to B3
Location:
SW quadrant - interchange of 1-81 & Rt. 669
Submitted:
09/08/95
PC Review:
10/04/95 Approved
BOS Review:
10/11/95
Professional Mobile
Home Brokers (John
Tauber) (RJEZ)
Stonewall 2.1514 Acres B2 to B3
Rt. 7; 300 yds. east of Reaency Lakes Dr.
Location:
Submitted:
08/16/95
PC Review:
09/06/95 - Approved
BOS Review:
10/11/95
James Carroll
Shawnee 2.81 acres
RP to B2
REZ
Rt. 522
Submitted:
Location:
Custer Ave./Pernbrid e Rd.
Submitted:
10/07/94
PC Review:
Tabled by PC: 11/02/94
Tabled at Applicant's request: 12/07/94, 03/01/95, 04/05/95,
04/19/95
Next Review.Date: 11/01/95
BOS Review:
L22LXet scheduled
Wayne Ridgeway
REZ
Gainesboro
2.047 acres RA to B3
Location:
Rt. 522
Submitted:
04/05/95
PC Review:
Tabled at Applicant's request: 05/03/95, 08/02/95
10/04/95 - Denied
BOS Review:
L11/08/95
MASTER DEVELOPMENT PLANS:
J.I.C. Ltd. Industrial Lots
MDP
Shawnee M1 Lot for metals works &
fabrication 8.411 tl. acreage)
Location:
Arbor Ct. Rt. 1000) Extension; off Victory Ln. 728
Submitted:
08/11/95
PC Review:
09/06/95 - Approved
BOS Review:
10/11/95
2
Fieldstone H hts MDP
Stonewall ==169
SF Det. Trad. Lots RP
Location:
South of Valley Mill Rd. Rt. 659)
Submitted:
04/25/95
PC Review:
05/18/94 Tabled
07/06/94 Approved
BOS Review:
08/10/94 Approved
Pending Admin. Approval:
Awaitin completion of review agency requirements
Battlefield Partnership
MDP
Back Creek 16.3 Acres of B2 Property
Location:
South of Winchester, between Rts. 11 S and I-81
Submitted:
02/21/92
PC Review:
I 03/18/92 Approved
BOS Review:
04/08/92 Approved
Pending Admin. Approval:
LLkwaiting completion of review agency requirements
James R Wilkins, III
MDP
Shawnee
76 Apartments & 86 T.H. (RP)
Location:
South side of Rt. 659
Submitted:
11/02/92
PC Review:
12/16/92 Tabled
02/17/93 Approved
BOS Review:
03/10/93 Tabled
04/14/93 Approved
Pending Admin. Approval:
Awaiting completion of review agency requirements
SUBDIVISIONS:
Winc-Fred Co. IDC (SUB)
Back Creek
2 M1 Lots (0.552 acres & 20.285
acres
Location:
Southeast side of Development Lane
Submitted:
09/08/95
PC Review:
10/04/95 Approved
BOS Review:
Review not required—Has an approved NMP
Fredericktowne Estates,
Sect. 10 & 11 SUB
Opequon
34 SF Detached Lots on 15.4738
Acres RP
Location:
East of Stephens City, north of Fredericktowne Estates,
Sections 8 & 9
Submitted:
09/07/95
PC Review:
10/04/95 - Approved
BOS Review:
Review not re uired--Has an approved NOP
Star Fort, Sect. I (SUB)
Stonewall
21 SF lots on 7.5713 total acres
RP
Location:
Lauck Drive, east side of Rt. 832
Submitted:
08/28/95
PC Review:
Review Date Pending at Applicant's Request
BOS Review:
Review not required—Has an approved NDP
Maxwell T. Mandel, DVM
O e uon
2 Lots from 0.803 Acres B1
Location:
Southeast corner of Rt. 277 & Highlander Rd.
Submitted:
07/28/95
PC Review:
09/06/95 - A roved
BOS Review:
09/13/95 - A roved
Pending Admin. Approval:
'Awaiting signed plats.
J.I.C., Ltd. Industrial Lots
Residue of Lot 9-A SUB
Shawnee
2 Lots - 8.41.1 total Acres (M1)
Location:
Arbor Ct. t. 1000), off of Victory Lane Rt. 728)
Submitted:
08/11/95
PC Review:
09/06/95 - Approved (pendinE NMP approval)
BOS Review:
Review Not Required - If NOP is approved on 10/11/95
RT&T PartnershipSUB
Back Creek 1 Lot - 29.6 Acres B2
Location:
Valle Pike (Rt. 11 So.)
Submitted:
05/17/95
PC Review:
06/07/95 Approved
BOS Review:
Review not required—has an approved NIDP
-Pending Admin. A roval:
LAwaitingsubmission of signed plat & deed of dedication
Briarwood .Estates SUB
Stonewall
20 SF Det. Trad. Lots RP
Location:
Greenwood Rd.
Submitted:
01/03/94
PC Review:
Review date pending atapplicant's request.
BOS Review:
Review not re uired--has an approved NMP
Abrams Point, Phase I
SUB
Shawnee
T230 SF Cluster & Urban Lots
Location:
South side of Rt. 659
Submitted:
05/02/90
PC Review:
06/06/90 Approved
BOS Review:
06/13/90 Approved
Pending Admin. Approval:
Awaiting deed of dedication, letter of credit, and signed
plat
IFHar;Stimpson (SUB)
O e won
Two B2 Lots
Location:
Town Run Lane
Submitted:
09/23/94
PC Review:
10/19/94 Approved
BOS Review:
10/26/94 Approved
Pending Admin. Approval:
Awaiting signed plat.
Preston Place (SUB)
Shawnee 72 Garden Apartments RP
Location:
North side of Airport Rd. Rt. 645)
Submitted:
10/31/94
PC Review:
11/16/94 Approved
BOS Review:
Not required—Has an approved MDP
Pending Admin. Approval:
Awaiting signed plats.
SITE PLANS:
Power Tech SP
Stonewall
Bldg Addition on 0.68 acres (M1)
1500 sf addition on 0.13 ac. Ml
Location:
1458 Martinsbur Pike
Submitted:
10/02/95
Approved:
Pending
Butler Construction (Butler
Mfg. Co. SP
Stonewall
Bldg Addition on 0.68 acres (M1)
Location:
276 Woodbine Road, Clearbrook
Submitted:
09/21/95
Approved:
Pendin
Rite Aid Pharmacy (SP)
Opequon Rite Aid Pharmacy on 1.50 acres
B2
Location:
SE corner of intersection of Fairfax Pk (Rt. 277) & Double
Church Rd. (Rt. 64 1)
Submitted:
09/08/95
Approved:
LPending
Training His Tots Christian
PreSchool SP
Back Creek
Shelter Renovation on 2.25 Acres
RA
Location:
4118 Valle Pike; Church of Christ at Mt. View
Submitted:
09/01/95
Approved:
Pending
James Wood High School
Addition SP
Oainesboro
School Addition on 0.43 Acres
RA
Location:
Apple Pie Ridge Road Rt. 739)
Submitted:
08/31/95
11 Approved:
Pending
Southern States
Cooperative, Inc. SP
Back Creek
Fuel Storage/Retail Store on 0.60
acres B2 & M1
Location:
5784 Valley Pike
Submitted:
08/30/95
Approved:
Pending
Redbud Run Elementary
School SP
Stonewall
Public School on 26.65 acres
RA
Location:
Rt 7, approx. 1 mi. east of I-81
Submitted:
08/01/95
11 Approved:
Pending
Wheatlands Wastewater
Facility SP
Opequon
Treatment Facility on 5 Acres
RS
Location:
So. West of Double Tollgate; ad". & west of Rt. 522
Submitted:
09/12/89
Note:
Being held atapplicant's request.
Flex Tech SP
Stonewall
I M1 Use on 11 Ac. M1)
Location:
East side of Ft. Collier Rd.
Submitted:
10/25/90
Note:
Being held atapplicant's request.
God's Glory Land, Inc. (SP)
Back Creek Church Retreat on 26.45 acres
RA
Location:
N.W. side of Rt. 704, approx. 3 1/4 mi_ so. of Rt. 50
Submitted:
08/08/95
A roved:
09/20/95 PCA roved/ 09/21/95 Staff Approved
HCMF Development Corp.
(Van Gilder's Nursing
Home) (SP
Stonewall
Addition on 1.6 Acres (RP)
Location:
1011 Pennsylvania Avenue
Submitted:
05/30/95
Approved:
Pendin consolidation plat by owner.
Regency Lakes Estates,
Sect. D SP
Stonewall
Manufactured SF Homes on 30.1
Acres (MH1
Location:
Regency Lakes Drive
Submitted:
06/07/95
Approved:
09/19/95
Dawsons Investments Inc.,
Lot 5 SP
Back Creek Warehouse on 1.91 Acres (M1)
Location:
N.W. Corner of Industrial Dr. & Development Lane
Submitted:
06/27/95
Approved:
09/18/95
Sherando High School (SP)
O e uon Addition RA
Location:
Rt, 277
Submitted:
09/20/95
"Aroved:
Pendin
Macedonia United (SP)
Methodist Church Addition
Shawnee
Church on 5+ Acres (RA)
Location:
1941 Macedonia Church Rd., White Post
Submitted:
07/31/95
Approved:
Pending
CONDITIONAL USE PERMITS:
Hardee's-Mobile
Convenience Cntr. CUP
Back Creek
Restaurant, Gas, & Convenience
Center RA
Location:
Rt. 50W - Northwestern Pk at intersection of Ward Ave
(Rt. 13 17) at the Livestock Exchange
Submitted:
09/08/95
PC Review:
10/04/95 - Approved
BOS Review:
10/25/95
Joseph W. Edmiston CUP
Back Creek Kennel RA
Location:
1293 Hollow Road, Westview Estates, Lot 5
Submitted:
09/07/95
PC Review:
10/04/95 - Approved
BOS Review:
10/25/95
10
Vito & Carrie Angelone
CUP
Back Creek 30 -Run Dog Kennel w/ Storage
Area RA
Location:
376 Gough Road t. 618
Submitted:
08/15/95
PC Review:
09/06/95 - Approved w/ Conditions
BOS Review:
10/11/95
Charles W. Goff (CUP)
Gainesboro Gun & Small Engine Repair
RA
Location:
10998 North Frederick Pk., Cross Junction
Submitted:
08/08/95
PC Review:
09/06/95 - Approved w/ Conditions
BOS Review:
10/11/95
VARIANCES:
Comer VAR
O e uon 2Z' rear and for 2 -car
n:
ffA.
101 Tern Avenue, Greenbriar Villa e, Lot 307
ed:
09/22/95
BZA Review:
10/17/95
Patriot Homes VAR
Shawnee
6' rear yard for a deck
Location:
315 Pembridge Drive, Pembridge H hts, Lot 94
Submitted:
09/08/95
BZA Review:
10/17/95
Gary J. Kerns (VAR)
Back Creek
23' front yd & 4' right side yd for
attached garage
Location:
168 Woodchuck Lane Rt. 654
Submitted:
09/08/95
11 BZA Review:
10/17/95
12
IE. PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT - ACTIVITY REPORT #90 (Sept 15-30)
1. Transportation
Staff provided information to the Transportation Committee regarding a request by
the Frederick County Sheriffs Department to reduce the speed limit on Apple Pie Ridge Road (Route
739) in the areas of the schools. The Transportation Committee recommended that the speed limit
be reduced from 55 mph to 35 mph from the intersection with North Frederick Pike to the entrance
of the Fox Lair subdivision. The Transportation Committee also recommended that 25 mph flashing
school zone signs be installed between the two schools.
2. Battlefield Preservation
Bob Watkins attended the dedication event for the Third Winchester Battlefield at
Hackwood.
3. GISIMap ing
Mark Lemasters and Clay Grant attended the 6th Annual GIS Conference in Roanoke,
VA. Several of the lectures were very helpful in future planning of County GIS. Many contacts were
made for data to be used in the GIS.
The department has installed an Internet hook-up and staff members are "surfing the
net," searching external databases for mapping information and data that may be down -loaded for use
in the County system. Also, because the County is a member of the LFPDC, it is also a member of
the Regional GIS Data Network in Cumberland, MD. We will be able to share geographic data and
mapping with other members of this four -state group.
The mapping and graphic staff are back to two members, but work on the data
structure and data sets is progressing nicely. A newsletter is being produced as a general update on
the department's progress.
Mark Lemasters, Clay Grant, and Evan Wyatt prepared ACAD mapping and slides
ofthe Round Kill Community that were presented during the community meeting on September 25,
1995.
4. Plan Reviews. Approvals and Site Inspections
Eric Lawrence conducted a site visit for the cottages at Westminster -Canterbury. This
visit revealed that all site work associated with the six cottages (3 buildings) has been completed.
Page 2
BOS Activity Report #90
September 15-30
Eric Lawrence reviewed revisions to the Payne Well Drilling site plan. The revisions
involved the location of a proposed storage building.
Evan Wyatt reviewed site plans for a school addition to the Mt. View Church of Christ
located along Valley Pike, and revisions to the God's Glory Land site plan located along Back Creek
Road.
Evan Wyatt conducted site inspections at the Negley site for a new office and
warehouse facility located along Welltown Road and the Shockey Company for an addition to the
archives building located along Martinsburg Pike.
Staff approved site plans for Moxon Timbers for a new facility located in the IDC
Industrial Park, Regency Lakes Estates Section "D" for additional mobile home lots located off of
Berryville Pike, and for God's Glory Land for a religious retreat located along Back Creek Road.
5. Meetings
Bob Watkins attended a regional needs assessment committee meeting.
Bob Watkins spoke to the West Virginia Chapter of the American Planning
Association about planning in Frederick County.
Wayne Miller attended a Technical Review Committee meeting to assist in review of
a master plan and a site plan.
Wayne Muller attended a meeting with the Board Chairman, the County Administrator,
and the Director of the Sanitation Authority to deal with a failed septic system for a business along
Martinsburg Pike at the intersection with Route 37.
Wayne Miller met with Rosalie Cornwell, Director of Real Estate for Potomac Edison,
to review site plan requirements necessary to expand their facilities at the substation near Vaucluse.
Evan Wyatt participated in a Technical Review Committee meeting to consider
information for revisions to the Wilkins Master Development Plan for apartments and townhouses
located along Valley Mill Road; a site plan for the a new warehouse facility located in the JIC
industrial tracts off of Victory Road; and proposed additions to the Butler Manufacturing facility
located along Woodbine Road.
Page 3
BOS Activity Report #90
September 15-30
6. Zoning Violation
Eric Lawrence responded to four zoning violation complaints. Two of the complaints
were determined not to be violations of the zoning ordinance. Two additional cases have been closed
as the properties have complied with the requirements of the ordinance.
Wayne Miller responded to seven zoning violation complaints and all are being
processed at this time.
7. Professional Development
Eric Lawrence attended an urban landscape seminar at the State Arboretum of
Virginia. Topics of discussion involved: the review of landscape ordinances of numerous jurisdictions
in the Commonwealth, the most appropriate plants for the Frederick County climate, and urban
design techniques that may be implemented to assist in the beautification of a jurisdiction.
Wayne Miller met with Mr. Tom Lloyd, state chairman of the Virginia Association of
Zoning Officials, to develop an agenda for the state meeting to be held in the spring of 1996.
COUNTY of FREDERICK
Department of Planning and Development
703/665-5651
FAX 703/678-0682
MEMO-- NDUM
TO: Frederick County Planning Commission
FROM: Robert Watkins, Director kv��l
SUBJECT: Battlefield Network Planning
DATE: October 3, 1995
The staff has scheduled a public hearing on the Battlefield Network Plan. The Planning
Commission has had opportunities to study and discuss the plan. The staff would like to have
the Planning Commission recommend endorsement of the plan to the Board of Supervisors.
However, if the Planning Commission believes that additional work or discussion is needed, the
staff would be happy to conduct such work or discussions. The staff believes that a consensus
among Planning Commissioners is more important that immediate action.
If endorsed, this plan will be used in the update of the Comprehensive Plan. It will also provide
the strategic basis for further action.
RWW/rsa
107 North Kent Street
Winchester, VA 22601
P.O. Box 601
Winchester, VA 22604
COUNTY of FREDERICK
Department of Planning and Development
703/665-5651
FAX 703/678-0682
MEMORANDUM
TO: Frederick County Planning Commission
FROM: Eric R. Lawrence, Planner I V V
SUBJECT: Endorsement of the Battlefield Network Plan
DATE: July 19, 1995
At their meeting on July 18, 1995, the Historic Resources Advisory Board (HRAB) discussed the
preliminary draft of Battlefield Network Plan.
The HRAB concedes that the Civil War played a very important role in the heritage of Frederick
County. As is the HRAB's belief, and as is reflected in the Battlefield Network Plan, preserving
key Civil War Battlefield sites is beneficial to the local community and the nation as a whole.
The Battlefield Network Plan is the beginning of a great effort to preserve the history of the
County. Key elements of the plan demand immediate attention and recognition. The HRAB
strongly recommends that the concept of an "umbrella" organization be solidified and
implemented. This "umbrella" organization should be non-profit, which would enable land and
financial donations to be tax deductible. Incentives should be enacted to gain land and pedestrian
easement donations. The HRAB also requests that representation, in some form, in the
"umbrella" organization be provided to the HRAB.
The concept of protected corridors is commended. The plan discusses its application in the
Milburn Road area. This corridor concept is encouraged throughout the County as a means of
protecting the viewshed and the vehicular and pedestrian approaches to the battlefield sites. The
HRAB would also encourage that the Historic Area Overlay Zone be exercised in a more
aggressive manner rather than the voluntary manner as it is presently used.
The Historic Resources Advisory Board endorses the Battlefield Network Plan. This plan is an
excellent attempt to strike a balance between total preservation and pure tourism. The plan acts
to protect the local community from the extreme situations common in preservation and tourism
efforts.
107 North Kent Street P.O. Box 601
Winchester, VA 22601 Winchester, VA 22604
BATTLEFIELD
NETWORK PLAN
Frederick County-
Winchester,
VA
PRELIMINARY
DRAFT
Final Version
Frederick County - Winchester
Battlefield Network Plan
June 1995
Preliminary Draft - Final Version
Department of Planning and Development
Frederick County, Virginia
Frederick County - Winchester
Battlefield Network Plan
Table of Contents
Summary......................................... i
Background .................... 1
The Threats to Battlefields .................... . .......... 1
Efforts Underway ......... . . . . ........................... 4
Cedar Creek .......................................... . ... 4
Kernstown............................................... 5
Third Winchester/Opequon ............................... 5
Star Fort .......................... 5
Old Town Winchester .. _ . _ 5
Shenandoah Valley National Battlefield Park , , , , .... 5
The Frederick County -Winchester
Battlefield Task Force . ... , .. 6
Benefits of a Battlefield Network ........ , ... 7
Potential Tools for Preserving Battlefields ............ 9
Concept of a Battlefield Network ................ 10
Key Battlefield Sites ................................ . . to
Other Battlefield Sites —.- ........... 11
Travel Connections ..... . . . . ........ .. , .. 11
Interpretative Strategies ................ .. . ......... 13
Battlefield Goals and Strategies ............ . . . . . 15
Battlefield Network Goals ........................... 16
Battlefield Protection Strategies ..................... 17
Site Preservation ...................................... 17
Organizational and Institutional Support ............... 18
Tourism and Interpretation .......................... 18
Circulation and Signage .................. ............ 19
Public Awareness and Promotion ...................... 19
Recommendations for Local Planning .......... . ... 20
Battlefield Sites ..... ....... . ........ . ........... 21
CedarCreek ........... ............... .... .......
..... 22
Third Winchester/Opequon ..........................
27
Kernstown............................. . . . .............
3l
OtherSites ............. . . .:............... . ...........
37
Star Fort and Other Sites ................ . .............
37
Stephensons Depot ........................ . ..........
40
Old Town Winchester ........................ . .......
42
The National and Stonewall Cemeteries .. . ............
43
BowersHill ...........................................
44
Ruthersford Farm ............. .............. . ......
44
Berryville Canyon .. _ ....................... . ..........
45
Sheridan's Hospital and the 1864 Winter Line .......
_ . 46
Civil War Monuments ........... . . .......... I , .....
1. 48
Battlefield Action Plan .............................. 49
Battlefield Action Program Summary .............. 53
Tables
Table 1. Population Growth Trends, Frederick County
and Winchester ................................................. 3
Table 2. Valley Wide Economic Benefits of a Battlefield
ParkSystem .................................................... 7
Table 3. Local Economic Benefits of a Battlefield Park
System............................................ ........ 8
Table 4. Battlefield Study and Core Areas in
Frederick County and Winchester ........ . . . ... . ....... . ... 22
Maps*
Civil War Battlefield Core Areas ................... . . .. .
Civil War Tour Network ............................. ........ 12
Battle of Cedar Creek ... . ................. . . . ................. 23
Cedar Creek Battlefield . . . . . . ....... . ... . ... . .................. 26
Third Battle of Winchester . . . ............... . .. . . ........ . 28
Third Winchester Battlefield ................................... 29
First Battle of Kernstown...................................... 33
Second Battle of Kernstown................................... 34
Kernstown Battlefields ........................................ 36
North Winchester Fortification System ......................... 38
Milburn Road Corridor ........................................ 41
*This version contains black and white maps. The final version will contain full color maps.
Summary
,//Six battlefields of great national importance are located in Frederick County and Winchester.
There are over 12,000 acres of land in battlefields that maintain high historic character in this
\ community. Without a concentrated and effective effort, most battlefield sites in Winchester and
Frederick County will be lost to development during the next twenty years because of their loca-
tion. Significant efforts are underway on the part of City and County government, the Cedar
Creek Foundation and others to protect local battlefield sites and create a battlefield park net-
work. The Frederick County - Winchester Battlefield Task Force has undertaken a substantial
public effort to produce a plan for a battlefield park network. A battlefield park network in Fre-
derick County and Winchester will provide substantial economic and educational benefits.
In order to take advantage of the potential of battlefield sites,2 carefully planned, -nterconnected
network of battlefield sites is needed. Significant, pristine rtions of the Ce r Creek, Third
Winchester and Kernstown battlefields will provide the "critical mass" and foundation for the bat-
tlefield network. Old Town Winchester will play a critical role with its sites and facilities. Other
smaller sites will play an important role in the battlefield network as small parks or areas to be
viewed along tour routes. Battlefield sites will be connected by carefully planned tour routes that
will include vehicular, bicycle and pedestrian routes. Approaches to interpreting the history of the
sites for visitors need to be carefully planned and should include a uniform approach and an inter-
pretative center.
CThe first goal of the Battlefield Network Plan is to develop a successful battlefield park network
that preserves key sites, attracts tourists from around the world, and supports education.�ther
goals address the following:
Community support
Vehicular, pedestrian and bicycle travel routes
Maintaining historic appearance
Coordination with other planning and preservation efforts
Funding
Working with landowners
The Plan describes strategies to achieve the goals including:
Providing information, assistance, and incentives to landowners
Preparing resource management plans for specific sites
Recommendations concerning local planning decisions
Establishment of an "umbrella battlefield organization" to carry out actions described
Local government assistance and state and federal involvement
Establishing a primary interpretative center
A coordinated sign system for tour routes
Conducting special events for public awareness
Contact and coordination with various interested individuals and groups
V,
In In addition to the key sites at Cedar Creek, Kernstownoand Third Winchester/Opequon, a number
of other sites are included in the strategies including: A
Star Fort and other forts
Stephenson Depot
Old Town Winchester
National and Stonewall Cemeteries
Bowers Hill
Ruthersford Farm
Berryville Canyon
Sheridan's Hospital
1864 Winter Line
The Plan contains an Battlefield Action Plan that describes the specific actions that will need to be
undertaken to achieve the goals of the plan.
Battlefield Action Prograorn Sesn>imary
ACTION
1995
1996
1997
19.98
1999
Establish "Battlefield Organization"
Complete Grim Farm acquisition
Acquire Third Winchester key al'Cas
Resourc(-� plan for ly(-rnslO M
ResorlrCe 1--dall 1O1' I1 1111-1 \\` I11)IhCS1Cl'
Resource plan for Slar Fort
Battlefield special evenl
RCSorlrce plan for Cedar Creek
Interpretative tour plan
Implernent Iser'nstown plan
Develop IF] terpretalive center
Addiliornrl acquisiliml at Cedar (:reek
Travel route signs
Implement Star Dort plan
Implement Cedar Creek plan
Background
Frederick County and Winchester contain very important Civil War sites. In September of 1992,
the National Park Service published a Study of Civil War Sites in the Shenandoah Valley of Vir-
inia. This study identified fifteen Civil War battles of major significance in the Shenandoah Val-
ley. These battlefields were associated with Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign of 1862, the
Gettysburg Campaign of 1863, and the Early -Sheridan Campaigns of 1864. Of the fifteen battles,
six were located in Frederick County and Winchester. These six battles were as follows:
First Kernstown (1862)
First Winchester (1862)
Second Winchester (1863)
Second Kernstown (1864)
Opequon - Third Winchester (1864)
Cedar Creek (1864)
According to the National Park Service, the 1862 and 1864 campaigns were of special national
significance. Cedar Creek has already been designated as a national historic landmark because of
its extraordinary national significance. The Opequon battlefield, also known as the Third Battle of
Winchester, is eligible for national historic landmark designation because of its national impor-
tance, according to the National Park Service. All of the other sites are eligible for inclusion on
the National Register of Historic Places
The Civil War Advisory Committee, that was established by Congress, issued its report in 1993.
According to the Advisory Committee, Cedar Creek and First Kernstown were listed as first pri-
ority sites.
Ne y Imwue:
.Six battlefields of sidnificaat national importance arc located in
Frederick Cipuni
.r :rad iVinchcstcr.
The Threat to Battlefields
The Frederick County and Winchester community is rapidly growing and this growth threatens
the preservation of these important historic sites. The population of the community grew by al -
Z.
most 25% during the 1980's and continues to grow at a rate of over 2% per year. Much of this
growth is occurring is in Frederick County, which grew by almost 34% during the 1980's. Most
of the battlefield areas are also in the County.
4 0 4 8
SCALE IN MILES
CIVIL WAR BATTLEFIELD C❑RE AREAS
In Frederick County --Winchester, Virginia
r
The major historic north -south route in the Shenandoah Valley has always followed the Valley
Pike or what is now Route 11. Historically, this route supported travel and economic activities in
the Valley. Centers of economic activity grew along this route in Winchester, Stephens City and
other towns. This route played a major role during the Civil War as armed forces traveled north
and south. The Valley Turnpike met important east -west roads and the Winchester and Potomac
Railroad at Winchester. Winchester served as a transportation hub and economic center and be-
came an important base of operations for the Valley Campaigns. As such, the areas around Win-
chester and in eastern Frederick County along the Valley Pike became the location of important
battles.
Today, Interstate 81 closely parallels Route 11. Interstate 81 serves as one of the major travel
and industrial corridor serving the eastern United States. Nearly all of the growth and economic
development that has occurred in Winchester and Frederick County in recent years have occurred
along this corridor. Local planning provides for additional growth in Winchester, east of Win-
chester, east of Stephens City, and at the Interstate 81 interchanges.
The battlefields are located in eastern Frederick County and along the Interstate 81 corridor. Be-
cause of this the battlefields are under development pressure. Large residential developments,
shopping centers and industrial parks are already located in some of the battlefields. However,
other parts remain undeveloped and pristine. Large portions of these undeveloped battlefield ar-
eas are now woodlands or pasturelands. However, certain large undeveloped tracts are being ac-
tively marketed for development. Portions of the battlefields are located in the urban
development area that has been designated for future growth by the Frederick County Compre-
hensive Plan. Not till of the thousands of battlefield acres in the cornruunitj� can hehreservetL
Because of this, it is important to plan selectively for a battlefrelrl hark system In some cases
this will involve maintaining the rural character of large areas. In other cases, it will involve plan-
ning for the preservation of selected battlefield open space in developing urban areas.
Tame 1
Population. ro.wth Trends, E:re' &' r%ck Counity and Winchester
'% Increase
Avg. Annual
Avg. Annual
Area
1980
1990
1993*
1980-90
% 1980-90
% 1990-93
Winchester
1*�4
20,217
21,947
22,900
8.6%
0.8%
1.4%
Frederick
34,150
45,723
49,700
1 33.9%
3.0%
2.8%
Total
54,367
67,670
72,600
24.5%
2.2%
2.3%
Source: U.S. Censrts & Cerner far Public Service's "Estimates of the Population, "May
1994
Pro Estimate
e
The battlefields are located in eastern Frederick County and along the Interstate 81 corridor. Be-
cause of this the battlefields are under development pressure. Large residential developments,
shopping centers and industrial parks are already located in some of the battlefields. However,
other parts remain undeveloped and pristine. Large portions of these undeveloped battlefield ar-
eas are now woodlands or pasturelands. However, certain large undeveloped tracts are being ac-
tively marketed for development. Portions of the battlefields are located in the urban
development area that has been designated for future growth by the Frederick County Compre-
hensive Plan. Not till of the thousands of battlefield acres in the cornruunitj� can hehreservetL
Because of this, it is important to plan selectively for a battlefrelrl hark system In some cases
this will involve maintaining the rural character of large areas. In other cases, it will involve plan-
ning for the preservation of selected battlefield open space in developing urban areas.
XI'.r Ismarc-:
Witlsorut a coneentrated and effective effort, nromt Latt/efield Wec-* in
Winelicwter and FrG•deritk Cipantr will /ic lowt to devc/apn►ent Jnring
Me next t wentr ,years Lee'aame of eht it loezrdion in rcliatioa to Inmr-
state 81 and amvoeiated i rowilt areas.
Efforts Underway
Important local efforts have been undertaken to preserve significant battlefield sites.
Cedar Creek
Special concern for the Cedar Creek Battlefield began in 1988 when a developer proposed con-
verting 158 acres of the core battlefield area into an industrial park. In 1989, a group of con-
cerned citizens established the Cedar Creek Battlefield Foundation and instituted efforts to protect
the land from development. The Foundation and the landowner agreed on arrangements that
would enable the Foundation to purchase 96 acres of the site. The developer agreed to donate an
additional 62 acres to create a 158 acre site. This arrangement enabled a significant portion of the
Cedar Creek Battlefield to be protected.
Since 1990, the Cedar Creek Battlefield Foundation has had a professional staff consisting of a
full-time and a part-time position. These two professional positions, assisted by volunteers, have
enabled the Foundation to continue to obtain funding and provide for the protection of the Cedar
Creek Battlefield, Fundraising efforts have included solicitation of donations, donations in ex-
change for rocks from the battlefield, the Honorary Square Foot program that allows the "pur-
chase" of battlefield land for a donation, the 130th Anniversary Posters, donations for flags flown
over the battlefield, and many other programs. The volunteers also assist with the operation of
the Cedar Creek Battlefield Foundation Visitor's Center.
A particularly important event in terms of education and fundraising is the reenactment that is held
each year on the anniversary of the battle. In 1994, approximately 5,000 reenactors and 30,000
spectators attended the event, raising $60,000 for the Foundation through admission fees.
An interpretive plan has been created for Cedar Creek. This plan includes walking trails through-
out the site, connecting historic locations. Historic plaques with narrations will be displayed at
numerous locations on the walking trails. The interpretive plan also calls for the renovation of the
19th Century Heater House. Once renovated, this structure will act as a living history exhibit.
El
Kernstown
In the fall of 1993, a proposal was made to divide and sell the Grim Farm in the Kernstown core
battlefield area. In response, Frederick County and the City of Winchester took action. The
County and the City purchased a two year option to buy 342 acres of the Grim Farm. The City
and County next applied successfully for a $1 million ISTEA enhancement grant to apply to the
purchase price. The total purchase price will be $2,700,000. The City and County have commit-
ted $500,000, leaving $1.2 million to be raised to complete the purchase. The option agreement
expires at the end of 1995.
Third Winchester/Ohequon
In 1990, the 222 acre Caleb Heights portion of the Third Winchester Battlefield was rezoned for
intensive residential development. In February of 1995, the Association for the Preservation of
Civil War Sites, Inc. signed an agreement with the owners to purchase those 222 acres for
$2,524,000. According to the agreement, a down payment of $500,000 must be made by August
1995.
Star Fort
The Star Fort Site, associated with the Second and Third Battles of Winchester, has been acquired
by a local group, Middlesex Artillery -Fleets Battery, Inc. This group acquired the seven acres
containing the fort site by dedication from the owners. Owners of surrounding property have sub-
mitted a development plan to the County that would increase open space around the fort and en-
hance views from the fort. The development proposes to impose an annual fee on the owners of
the land in the surrounding development. These fees would be used to maintain the fort.
Old Town Winchester
Old Town Winchester, the historical area in downtown Winchester, contains a number of impor-
tant resources related to the Civil War. These include the Civil War Center in the historic Kurtz
building. This center provides Civil War exhibits and a welcome center for visitors. Information
on walking tours in Old Town Winchester's provided at the Center.
Stonewall Jackson's headquarters is also located in Old Town Winchester and is open for public
visitation. Plans are underway to bring to life a proposal to locate an important collection of Civil
War memorabilia in the Old County Courthouse. The Courthouse would serve as a museum and
would be open to visitors. The Old Town area is also adjacent to the National and Stonewall
cemeteries where soldiers from the Civil War are buried.
Shenandoah Valley National Battlefield Park
In 1991, citizens from throughout the Shenandoah Valley, representing various localities and in-
terests, began meeting to draft legislation to create a Shenandoah Valley National Battlefield
9
Park. A draft of this legislation was completed in 1992. It described a partnership approach un-
der which the National Park Service and the local communities and organizations would work to-
gether to plan and create such a park. This approach would restrict the use of land condemnation
and would use only voluntary participation by owners of battlefield land. This legislation was in-
troduced into and passed by the United States Senate in 1994 and was introduced into the House
of Representatives. Although it was not passed in 1994, work will continue on this or similar leg-
islation in 1995.
K-(' y /vWuc:
Significsnt ciiiirtN are undi�rwn y on the part of Choy and Counter
ernnsent. the Cedar Creek Foundation and others tai protect /octal
Littlefield witeN sand crenie a hattlePield park neiwork.
The Frederick County - Winchester Battlefield Task Force
In 1993, the Frederick County Board of Supervisors and the Winchester City Council established
the Frederick County - Winchester Battlefield Task Force. The Task Force was given the follow-
ing mission:
The mission of the Frederick County - Winchester Battlefield Taskforce is to produce a
strategic plan for a system of battlefields and other historic open space and sites to pre-
serve the heritage of our community, to promote tourism and to provide educational op-
portunities. The plan should provide for the preservation and use of battlefield sites for
educational purposes and to attract visitors from throughout the Nation and the World. It
is also the mission of the Task Force to assist in carrying out the plan.
The Task Force is composed of representatives from local historic groups, national preservation
organizations, educational institutions, the Chamber of Commerce, local government and the busi-
ness community. The Task Force also includes owners of battlefield land.
The Task Force adopted an Interim Battlefield Action Plan in December of 1993, which describes
key sites requiring immediate action. It also describes steps to prepare an overall plan for battle-
field protection and use. The Task Force also toured battlefield sites and studies various preser-
vation approaches and methods. In the fall of 1994, two public forums were held. At these
meetings, the Task Force and the public discussed battlefield issues in great depth and produced
various goals, strategies, and ideas that were used in the creation of this plan.
6
Kt�
.r lNNuc:
The Frederick ComrBty - 1VincheNter /lattlefield l;BNA Force hitN an-
deriaken a NubN1,;,r" al public effort to produce a plan icor a battle -
fit /d park net work.
Benefits of a Battlefield Network
In 1991, researchers at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University conducted a study to
describe the potential economic impacts of battlefield preservation in the Shenandoah Valley.
Based on a general economic model, the study projected that the following economic benefits
would result from a Valley -wide battlefield park system:
The study did not project what portion of these benefits will go to the Winchester - Frederick
County community. According to the National Park Service Study of Civil War Sites in the
Shenandoah Valley, approximately 42% of the core battlefield acreage retaining integrity in the
Shenandoah Valley is in the community. It can, therefore, be conservatively projected that 42%
of the above benefits would accrue to Frederick County and Winchester. In fact, a higher per-
centage might accrue to this area because it is an economic center serving surrounding communi-
ties. In any case, the following benefits can be projected.
These estimates are based on a number of assumptions that can be debated. However, from the
analysis it is clear that substantial economic benefits can result from the development of a Valley -
wide battlefield park system. To obtain such benefits, the park system needs to be well planned
and carefully carried out. A combined, coordinated and unified effort is necessary. Clearly, such
a well planned battlefield park system will contribute to the economic well-being by promoting in-
creased tourism. Such tourism is a low cost, high benefit form of economic development.
7
LOW HIGH
Increased Annual Sales of Goods and Services $22 million $27 million
ew Jobs 546 672
Increased Annual Local Tax Revenue $500,000 $600,000
In Annual Salaries and Wages $8 million $9 million
A battlefield park system in Frederick County and Winchester can also serve as an important edu-
cational resource. It could be used to educate school children and adults about our local, state
and national heritage. Public schools can make valuable use of these resources. The battlefields
can also be used in conjunction with research and teaching at our institutions of higher education,
including Shenandoah University and Lord Fairfax Community College. Shenandoah University
has a Civil War Institute which is currently making a significant contribution to the understanding
of our heritage. The Handley library maintains an historical archives which is used to support in
depth research on Civil War and other history. A battlefield park system can be used to create a
better understanding of what makes this community special.
K.C.r INNLe:
A battlefield park network in Frederiek and SVinefieNter- will
provide NuGNtantial eeossoatir and edar:otiunal benefitN.
Potential Tools for Preserving Battlefields
The following are some of the tools that Using a land exchange, a parcel may be
might he used to preserve hattlefields: exchanged for another parcel of equivalent
value without recognition of capital gains,
Agricultural and Forestal Districts are
voluntarily designated agricultural pre-
serves that can be used to maintain rural
character
A bargain sale is the purchase of land at
less than its fair -market value by a charita-
ble organization, providing for a charitable
donation tax deduction by the owner.
Comprehensive Planning can be used to
guide new development away from
battlefields.
Conditional zoning allows owners of land
to proffer certain conditions, such as the
dedication or preservation of battlefield
sites, as a part of an application to rezone
land.
A conservation easement is a legal agree-
ment an owner makes to preserve the con-
servation use of his property. The
easement can be sold or donated to a pres-
ervation organization.
Fee simple purchase may be needed to
insure full public use of some battlefield
sites.
Historic Zoning Overlay Districts estab-
lish procedures in designated areas to
maintain the historic character of buildings
and construction.
7
allowing for the deferred payment of taxes.
Land trusts are nonprofit organizations
used to protect land from development, us-
ing conservation easements, gifts or pur-
chases of land, or other means.
Using a life estate, property owners may
choose to sell to a nonprofit organization
or agency and retain use of the land during
their lifetime.
Options and Rights of First Refusal
agreements provide that, for an initial pay-
ment, an organization may purchase a
property at a given price within a fixed pe-
riod of time.
Planned development zoning could pre-
serve battlefield open space by allowing the
clustering of development and by allowing
flexible design.
In a saleback or leaseback arrangement,
land is purchased by a public agency or
nonprofit organization, and then sold or
leased back to a private owner with certain
preservation restrictions.
Under use value taxation, land is as-
sessed at its use value rather than its mar-
ket value, resulting in a lower tax
assessment and providing tax relief for
open space preservation.
Concept of a Battlefield Network
Battlefield preservation in Frederick County and Winchester must involve a system of sites con-
nected by travel ways and tour routes. In order to attract tourists and to receive the kind of eco-
nomic benefits described by the VPI study, a variety of different sites will be needed. In order to
support education, enough sites are needed to provide for a comprehensive interpretation of the
historical events. In order to maximize the potential of the sites in terms of tourism and educa-
tion, a certain "critical mass" of sites will need to be preserved. This critical mass will be needed
to interpret the history of the sites properly. This critical mass is also needed to justify the Ievels
of investment and management that will be required.
Concept:
In trrder to t;xkc advantage of the potentiiai of battlefield Kites, a care-
fuUy pl:znned, interconnected network of battlefield Rites is needed.
Key Battlefield Sites
Key portions of the most important battlefields, including Cedar Creek, Third Winchester, and
Kernstown, need to be preserved as park sites so that visitors are attracted and encouraged to
stay for several days. The key portions have been chosen because of their historic significance
and pristine condition. By preserving significant acreage at each of these sites, they can be used
for extended interpretive experiences by visitors. Visitors can walk on the sites in guided or self -
guided tours and can spend an extended period of time at each key site. A special concern that
will need to be addressed will be the protection of surrounding views from the key sites.
The Task Force has targeted key sites. It has identified primary and secondary preservation areas.
Primary preservation areas are targeted to allow visitors to interpret the history on the sites. The
secondary areas are less significant but should be of concern. They are areas where special efforts
to maintain the historic character should be carried out. The primary and secondary areas repre-
sent a realistic assessment of what might be possible.
Access will be controlled at these key sites in order to avoid disrupting their historic and pristine
character. Vehicles will not be allowed throughout most of the sites and walking will be the pri-
mary means of visitation. However, vehicular access will be provided along the edges of the key
sites where battlefield vistas and interpretive resources are available. The key battlefield sites will
provide the primary battlefield experience for visitors to the community.
Old Town Winchester will also play a key role. With an existing Welcome Center, headquarters
sites, and proposed museums, it will be critical to the Battlefield Network.
Concept:
Significant, pristine portions of the Cedar Creek, Third Winchester
and Kernstown battlefields will provide time "critical nmass" and foun-
dation for time battlefield network.
Other Battlefield Sites
Including other smaller, interesting sites in the battlefield network, such as Stonewall Jackson's
headquarters, Stephensons Depot, and the fort sites, will add to the attraction. Key and other
sites need to be recognized by a planned and uniform system of signs along major roads. In some
cases, small turnoff areas might be provided along the major roads at these other sites to allow
visitors to enjoy historic vistas or sites.
In some cases, small sites such as Stonewall Jackson's headquarters and Star Fort might be pre-
served as small parks. Such sites would be available for visitation. Parking, pedestrian trails, in-
terpretative materials and other resources might be provided at these sites.
Concept:
Other smaller sites will play an important role in the battlefield net-
work as small parks or areas to be viewed along tour routes.
Travel Connections
The battlefield sites will need to be connected by a network of tour routes. The routes should be
designated based on plans for interpretive tours. A systematic approach to interpretation should
be used to designate routes, and these routes should be marked by a uniform system of signs.
These signs, along with other interpretive and promotional materials, should include a signature
logo used to identify the battlefield network. Routes will need to be provided for vehicles, bicy-
cles and pedestrians. Routes should follow historic roads wherever possible. This local battlefield
network will function best if it is also connected to the larger network of routes and sites in the
Shenandoah Valley.
These routes can become attractions in themselves if the historic and scenic views are enhanced
and maintained along the routes. Route 11, a major travel route now and in the nineteenth
11
Ke
-11
�t ens o uepot
Ru erfardM m Win ter)
St r Fort
2nd Winches r
Wets Lunette
'(2 Winches er (;3rd Wi ste
Milroys Fo )
d Winches;
F olfier (3r inchester)
i hes er ■
apt, ryville Canyon
Id Town 1 nchester
1B
Q 1701 and Stonew at
Bowe _ ill Cemetaries
S rids Hos ital
1 st Wilic: seer— y, , p
wand Rid
n Battlefiek
GrimWa
0
1864
Winter Li
Parkins mill
�l'' Critical Sites — I@
00,
Cedar Creek Other Sites —
7
Walking Tours — —
Bicycle Routes — --
Historic Routes — —
Major Travel Routes — —
Battlefield Connectors --
Civil—
Civil War Tour Network
In Winchester—Frederick County SME"'
ULMa
Virginia
century, will play an important role. Special care should be taken to maintain an attractive ap-
pearance and to preserve the historic character of areas through which Route 11 travels. Special
care should also be taken to protect views and historic character along other battlefield routes
such as Middle Road, Redbud Road, Milburn Road, and Belle Grove Road.
Special care will be needed to attract visitors to the system from major travel routes. Appropriate
signage for the battlefield network on Interstate 81 will be essential. The state visitors center on
Interstate 81 and the Chamber of Commerce visitors center should have special interpretative dis-
plays describing the network. The Old Town Visitors Center in the Kurtz building downtown,
continues to have Civil War displays and will play a critical role.
Concept:
llattlefield sites will be connected by carefully planned tour routes
that will include vehicular, bicycle sand pedestrian routes.
Interpretative Strategies
The interpretative approach used to provide information to visitors should be carefully planned.
Uniform information should be provided at all sites. Information can be provided in displays and
brochures. Self guided tour approaches should be provided.
A primary interpretative center is needed that will provide the starting point for tours and inter-
pretation. This center will need appropriate access, parking, and interpretative resources. It will
need a full time staff to provide services to visitors_ This interpretative center should not be lo-
cated in central portions of key sites in order to avoid detracting from their historic and pristine
character. However, a location of some historic or scenic character would enhance the experi-
ence. The interpretative center should be located near a major highway interchange on Interstate
81. The following possible locations for the interpretative center should be considered:
ON Town Winchester
The Kernsto;rn Battlefield on Aliddle Roatl ;vest of Pritchartl Hill
In the Route 11 North area, near Thirtl Winchester
In or around Middleto;rn in the Cedar Creek Battlefield core area.
Other secondary contact stations can be located on the fringes of key or other sites. Old Town
Welcome Center in the Kurtz building today provides a historic visitors center that will continue
to serve as the center for historic interpretation in downtown Winchester. Walking tours will con-
tinue to be available in the downtown.
1�
Additional planning will obviously be needed to create the battlefield network. Plans will be
needed for individual site preparation and management. Network tours will also need to be care-
fully planned.
Concept:
Interpreting the history of the sites for visitors needs to be carefully
planned sand should include a uniform approach and a central inter-
pretative center.
14
Battlefield Goals and Strategies
A network of Civil War battlefield sites must be preserved in Frederick County and Winchester.
However, without a concentrated and effective effort, most sites will be lost to development dur-
ing the next twenty years. The Civil War sites of Frederick County are interrelated. They are
connected by historic events, persons and proximity. The preservation of isolated sites will not
protect the essential character of this historic resource. Preserving isolated sites will not provide
the resources needed to support increased tourism or effective education. If a critical mass of bat-
tlefield sites is preserved in the community, increased economic activity associated with tourism
will occur. This critical mass must include certain key sites.
This critical mass must include key portions of the following sites:
Cedar Creek
Kernstoivn
Third Winchester (Opequon)
Portions of these battlefields remain in pristine condition. These sites will provide the foundation
for the battlefield network.
Effective use of the battlefield resources will depend upon the protection of the scenic and visual
quality of battlefield routes and areas. It will also require comprehensive and coordinated inter-
pretation of the battlefields and the provision of services to visitors. Information, displays, guided
tours, and support facilities will be needed. Arrangements will need to be made for guided and
self -guided tours. The sites should be linked by walking, bicycle and driving routes. Public ac-
cess will be key to effective use of the sites.
The preservation and effective use of the battlefields will depend upon community support from
individuals and community organizations and from the government and businesses. It will require
the cooperation and participation of land owners. Means should be found to allow individual land
owners to benefit from the creation of a battlefield network. In all cases, the participation of
landowners should be voluntary. In order for a battlefield park network to come about in Freder-
ick County and Winchester, an intensive level of community involvement must occur.
The following sections describe the overall goals and strategies for the battlefield network. These
goals and strategies were developed by the community at two public forums held by the Battle-
field Task force.
15
Battlefield Network Goals
Develop a successful battlefield park network that preserves key sites, at-
tracts tourists from around the world, and supports education.
Develop a community vision and consensus supporting the preservation
and use of battlefield resources
Provide for efficient, attractive and enjoyable vehicular, pedestrian and bi-
cycle travel to, between, and within the key sites
Preserve and protect the historic appearance and character of the key bat-
tlefield sites, their viewsheds, and their approaches
Coordinate the battlefield efforts with efforts to protect and use resources
from other historic periods
Coordinate the battlefield efforts with efforts to protect and preserve natu-
ral, visual and environmental resources
Develop a comprehensive approach to the interpretation and understand-
ing of the sites and their history.
Develop long term funding sources for battlefield preservation.
Work closely with landowners and find ways to provide preservation
benefits to landowners
Encourage and coordinate with regional, state, and federal efforts to pre-
serve battlefield sites
Provide for the long term maintenance of the battlefield park network.
Coordinate with the overall planning efforts of the community.
Preserve and use key portions of the Cedar Creek, Kernstown, and Third
Winchester as the foundation for a battlefield park network.
16
Battlefield Protection Strategies
The following recommendations were developed by the Task Force using the ideas provided by
citizens at the public forums. They include action recommendations and recommendations for
decision makers.
Site Preservation
Identify the key battlefield sites to be preserved. Identify a critical mass of key sites that is needed
to meet the goals. Define the boundaries of such sites in a manner that avoids the fragmentation
of key sites but in a manner that is economically feasible.
Develop acquisition strategies for the key sites. Identify appropriate organizational arrangements
for site ownership and management. Develop cost estimates for acquisition, planning, mainte-
nance and other costs.
Identify funding sources for key sites acquisition.
Notify and inform owners of battlefield land about the historic character of their property. Pro-
vide assistance with the strategies for the use of their land. Provide information and assistance
concerning preservation easements, trusts, land donation and tax incentives.
Provide special incentives to owners of battlefield land to preserve the sites.
Develop a specific resource management plan for each key site. Each plan should include the
following:
Appropriate public access and interpretation
Stabilization, enhancement and maintenance of earthworks, structures and other features
Treatment of vegetation, land cover and structures
Continuation of farming where it exists as a low cost means of land management
Protection of natural and environmental features
Protection of key viewsheds
Provision of information and interpretive features and displays.
Various levels of access will be provided for the sites. Physical access to some sites may be lim-
ited while at others access will be open. Locations for reenactments or other interpretive events
need to be designated.
Changes to more intensive uses in the core areas should be controlled by inclusion in a historic
overlay zoning district to control the appearance of such uses and to protect viewsheds.
Any new, intensive, non-agricultural uses in the core areas should provide means to protect view -
sheds as a part of their development plans.
17
Identify a key site to preserve that demonstrates the potential of the battlefield efforts. Immedi-
ately prepare and implement a resources management plan for that site.
Organizational And Institutional Support
Establish an organization to undertake and coordinate the actions recommended by this plan.
Such an organization should be able to raise funds, own and manage sites, undertake resource
management plans, and undertake promotional activities. Professional staffing should be pro-
vided with expertise in fund raising, promotion, and site acquisition and management. Special ex-
pertise should be available to provide information and advice to land owners on the benefits of
participation and strategies for preservation.
Local governments should provide assistance in terms of support for grant applications, planning,
and other activities. Local governments should pursue special revenue sources for the effort.
Efforts should continue to involve the National Park Service in the ownership, planning, manage-
ment, interpretation and promotion of key sites.
Efforts should continue to involve state government in the efforts to protect and preserve battle-
fields in the community. Technical and financial assistance should be provided. The state should
particularly look at providing additional preservation tools, such as incentives that can be pro-
vided to property owners to preserve battlefield sites. Technical assistance is needed in develop-
ing interpretative and promotional approaches.
Local public schools should be involved in increasing the awareness of local history and battlefield
sites.
Other educational institutions including, Lord Fairfax Community College, Shenandoah Univer-
sity, Handley Library and others should continue to be involved in the effort.
Through the Chamber of Commerce Tourism Committee, enlist the support of area businesses,
especially those with a tourism orientation and others potentially affected by the effort. In par-
ticular, the Chamber and local businesses can assist with increasing awareness and with marketing
the battlefield network.
Interpretation
Provide interpretation that tells the story of each site and that links the various sites. Provide in-
terpretation opportunities at all sites. Provide for guided and self -guided tours. Plan for a coordi-
nated approach to displays, monuments and signs along the tour routes. Provide for informational
literature, and public access facilities. All trails, signs, and facilities should be appropriate and
non -intrusive. All signs and literature should include a signature logo identifying the battlefield
network.
18
Prepare a resource management plan that describes appropriate preservation treatment for struc-
tures, earthworks and other features. Such planning should include a professional evaluation of
appropriate stabilization and preservation treatments.
Identify a primary interpretive center for Civil War battlefields that would serve as the northern
gateway to the Shenandoah Valley battlefields. It should provide support personnel, personal in-
teraction and battlefield tours. The interpretive center should be located according to the follow-
ing criteria:
The center should act as the entry point for visitors into the battlefield network and as the be-
ginning point for tours.
The battlefield interpretive center should be conveniently located in relation to major highway
interchanges.
The interpretive center should be located at a site that is scenic and of historic value.
The interpretive center should have easy ingress and adequate parking.
The interpretive center should not be located within key battlefield sites in a manner that de-
tracts from the pristine or historic character of those sites.
Circulation And Signage
Develop pedestrian trails within the key sites and linking various sites.
Identify and provide bikeways connecting the sites.
Develop a coordinated approach to information signs along travel routes. Begin installation of
signs as soon as possible to increase public awareness. At least one sign should be present in as-
sociation with every key site and other sites identified.
Provide a system of vehicular travel routes following historic routes where possible. Where pos-
sible preserve historic alignments and characteristics of these routes. Ensure viewshed protection
along these routes using easements, road buffers and vegetation, and negotiation with developers.
Public Awareness And Promotion
Increase public awareness through special events associated with the battlefields.
Contact communities that provided military units that served in Frederick County and Winchester
during the Civil War and request support.
Contact all civil war interest groups and request specific support.
19
Coordinate with other efforts in the Lord Fairfax Planning District and Shenandoah Valley.
Insure that all promotional literature and official maps referencing Frederick County or Winches-
ter refer to the battlefields.
Develop a national promotion effort for the battlefield network. Connection with the National
Park System will facilitate national promotion.
Recommendations for Local Planning
Significant intensification of uses should be avoided in the undeveloped core battlefield ar-
eas of Cedar Creek, Third Winchester, and Kernstown, except where current Comprehen-
sive Plans call for such an intensification.
Undeveloped core battlefield areas currently outside of the Urban Development Area or
other development designations should not be designated for urban development in Com-
prehensive Plans.
Rezonings should be avoided in undeveloped core battlefield areas where those rezonings
would result in uses not normally found in rural areas.
Changes to more intensive uses in and around pristine battlefield core areas should involve
the inclusion of the land in a historic overlay zoning district to control the appearance of
such uses and to protect viewsheds.
Special care should be taken to protect the key battlefield sites identified by this plan and
to avoid unnecessary distractions from the historic character of those sites.
Provisions should be made for protecting the historic and scenic character of views around
key battlefield sites and along designated tour routes.
20
Battlefield Sites
The Winchester -Frederick County area is a historic community in a beautiful natural setting. The commu-
nity contains a large number and variety of sites that are on or eligible for the National Register of Historic
Places. The City of Winchester was particularly critical to the Civil War efforts in Virginia. It is located at
the northern entrance to the Shenandoah Valley, which served as the eastern breadbasket of the Confeder-
acy. It was an important center of commerce and transportation as it is today. Because of this, Winchester
was one of the War's most embattled towns. Winchester changed hands 72 times during the war.
Taking Winchester became a key objective early in the War, and Winchester became a base of operations
for all of the Valley campaigns. Stonewall Jackson suffered his only defeat at First Kernstown in March of
1862. However, in May, Jackson returned, after a brilliant campaign in the Valley, to defeat the Union ar-
mies at the First Battle of Winchester. As a part of Lee's 1863 invasion of the North that ended at Gettys-
burg, General Ewell was sent to retake Winchester to clear the way for the confederate advance. The
Union garrison was defeated at the Second Battle of Winchester.
In 1864, as Lee retreated towards Richmond, General Jubal Early was sent to secure again the Valley from
Union control. Early's forces were defeated at the bloody Third Battle of Winchester by Union forces led
by General Philip Sheridan. Early attacked the Union forces one month later at Cedar Creek. Early's at-
tack was turned back, leading to the ultimate defeat of Confederate forces in the Valley.
According to the National Park Service Study, the battlefield core areas in Frederick County and Winches-
ter include large areas of land. In some cases, large portions of these battlefields have been covered by
modern development. However, large pristine areas also remain where significant battle actions occurred.
The Park Service has rated Battlefield areas according to the extent to which integrity remains. Accord-
ingly, areas have lost integrity when significant development or activities have occurred, changing the land-
scape and the battlefield surroundings.
Despite the growth that has occurred, 62% of the 19,429 acres of core battlefield areas continue to main-
tain their historic integrity. Only 38% of the core areas have lost their integrity. In Winchester and Freder-
ick County, there are approximately 12,000 acres of battlefield core areas that retain historic integrity.
These core areas include some pristine areas where very significant battlefield events occurred.
There are over 12,000 acres of land in battlefield core areas that retain his-
toric integrity in Winchester and Frederick County.
21
I ,
:.:
yrnp{],ryy �•Iy :::::::::::.:.....::......:...... :..
Ai1.i:�1:.%� .......:i. ,•.'::..... ..:': :Li :.: :l :i:v.: is ...�ii:::::y
xea.:reenned'ihesfer <:>::::
Battlefield
Study Area
(acres)
Core Area
(acres)
Retaining
Integrity
(core acres)
% Retaining
Integrity
(core area)
Integrity
Lost
(core acres)
% Integrity
Lost
(core area)
edar Creek
15,607
6,252
5,601
89.6%
651
10.4°/
pequon
11,670
4,914
2,321
47.2%
2,593
52.8%
nd Winchester
22,274
3,113
1,624
52.2%
1,489
47.8%
2nd Kernstown
5,861
2,203
1,098
49.8%
1,105
50.20
1st Winchester
4,041
1,393
301
21.6%
1,092
78.40//0-
8.4%1st
1 stKernstown
4,029
1,554
1,097
70.6%
457
29.4°/
otal 1
63,482
19,429
12,042
62.0%
7,387
38.0°/
Source: National Park Service, Study of Civil War Sites in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia,
September, 1992
Cedar Creek
After the Confederate defeat at the Third Battle of Winchester on September 19 and at Fisher's Hill on
September 22, 1864, Jubal Early knew that he must successfully engage General Philip Sheridan. Early
knew that he needed to prevent Sheridan from returning detachments of his force to General Grant, who at
the time was opposing General Robert E. Lee at Petersburg, Virginia. He knew that to accomplish this
task, he would have to mount an offensive against Sheridan at Cedar Creek.
In October of 1864, General Philip H. Sheridan was called to Washington to receive orders, leaving Gen-
eral Horatio G. Wright in command of a Union force of 45,000 men. General Jubal A. Early's Confederate
force, now 18,000 strong, was monitoring the movements of the Union troops.
On October 17, General John Gordon and topographical engineer, Captain Jebediah Hotchkiss, climbed
Signal Knob on the Massanutten to survey the Union positions behind Cedar Creek. They observed Gen-
eral Crook's VIII Corps just south of Route 840, where I-81 is now located. General W.H. Emory's XIX
Corps was on the hill just west of the Valley Pike and north of Cedar Creek. General Horatio Wright's VI
Corps occupied the ridge north of Belle Grove, between Cedar Creek and Middletown, and General
George A. Custer's cavalry was on the ridge running south from Route 627, east of Hite's Chapel.
General Early dispatched General L. L. Lomax and his Virginia cavalry with 1,700 men to circle through
Front Royal and Stephens City and then south on the Valley Pike to attack the rear of the Union force the
next morning. Lomax was never able to join the main battle because his forces encountered Colonel W. H.
Powell's Second Cavalry Division at Nineveh and Stephens City.
22
IRV
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9-4 W -A
IL
Early on the morning of the 19th, hidden by fog, the Confederate forces attacked the Union VIII Corps
with a terrifying rebel yell. The Union troops were quickly routed, with their southern flank battered by
General I B. Kershaw's Confederate troops coming north from Bowman's Mill. From the west, General
G.C. Wharton's Confederate troops swept the XIX Corps to the northeast. At the far western end of the
battle, General T. L. Rosser's cavalry encountered Custer's unit and drove them to the east.
Colonel T. H. Carter's artillery, positioned on Hupp's Hill, bombarded Union positions. Most of the Union
army panicked and fled. The only organized resistance the Confederates encountered was the Second Di-
vision of the Union VI Corps led by General George W. Getty. The Second Division made three valiant
stands: first, at the southern end of the ridge at Cemetery Hill, then along Old Furnace Road running west,
from where Lord Fairfax Community College is today, and eventually holding a line half a mile north of
Old Furnace Road. Confederate victory seemed certain at this point. As the Confederates pushed back the
Union VI Corps, many Rebels stopped to gather shoes and clothes left by the Union troops. This proved
costly to the Confederates, as they failed to finish offthe VI Corps.
Fresh from his trip from Washington the night before, Sheridan rode from Winchester to the battlefield and
arrived around 10:30 a.m. He established his command post near the Valley Pike and began to reorganize
his forces. The VI Corps was deployed on the left adjacent to the Valley Pike with the XIX Corps on the
right. Sheridan rode along the reestablished battle line as the troops responded with a mighty cheer.
During the early afternoon, Early attacked all along the Union line. His failure to finish off the Union
forces earlier in the day proved fatal as his troops were thrown back. At about 4:30 p.m., Sheridan or-
dered General Getty to lead an attack with the VI Corps. After much fierce and desperate fighting, Getty's
troops broke the Confederate line. The entire Confederate army fled south back across Cedar Creek to
Strasburg and beyond. The bridge near Spangler's Mill collapsed causing Early to lose 24 of his own can-
non and 24 captured Union pieces. The Union pursuit continued after dark, ending at Fisher's Hill. The
Union cavalry captured 43 cannons, more than 200 wagons, and many prisoners.
The Confederates suffered 2,910 casualties - 320 killed, 1,540 wounded, and 1,050 missing. The Union
forces snatched victory from the jaws of defeat that day, but the price was high_ The Union suffered 5,665
casualties - 644 killed, 3,430 wounded, and 1,591 missing.
Early's defeat at Cedar Creek ended Confederate efforts to invade the north, and Sheridan's string of victo-
ries in the Shenandoah Valley continued. After the battle, Sheridan furloughed his Pennsylvania troops to
go home and vote. The victory at Cedar Creek, along with the fall of Atlanta, helped reelect President
Lincoln.
The Cedar Creek battlefield area incorporates a long stretch of land along Route 11 South, from Cedar
Creek to the north of Middletown. Focal points of fighting were at Belle Grove, the Heater House, Ceme-
tery Hill, Dirges Farm, and the D. T. Miller House. The Cedar Creek Foundation has purchased 1580 acres
of the battlefield sites including land surrounding and to the immediate north of Belle Grove. This site in-
cludes the Heater House. Additional land to the south of Belle Grove has been targeted for possible pres-
ervation to protect viewsheds, remaining earthworks, and other significant areas. Other significant areas
24
include the historic Town of Middletown and areas to the west and north of Middletown. The Mount Car-
mel Cemetery on Cemetery Hill is a particularly significant.
Much of the Cedar Creek core area remains undeveloped, rural and pristine. Scattered single family resi-
dential development has occurred. The Chemstone Corporation quarry is located and operated in the
southwestern portions of the core area. The Town of Middletown is central to the core area and retains
significant historic character.
STRATEGIES FOR CEDAR CREEK
Provide funding and other support to the Cedar Creek Foundation in their
continuing efforts to acquire, preserve and use battlefield land.
Do not rezone land in the Cedar Creek battlefield core area for uses that
are not normally found in rural areas.
Work closely with the Cedar Creek Foundation to prepare a resource man-
agement plan for the Cedar Creek battlefield which describes appropriate
Preservation treatment for structures, earthworks and other features.
Such planning should include a professional evaluation of appropriate sta-
bilization and preservation treatments.
Work closely with the Town of Middletown to promote the Town as a cen-
ter of visitor services and as a vital part of the historic interpretation.
Work closely with the Chemstone Corporation to enlist their support and
to address appearance issues.
Use Cedar Creck as an important demonstration area to show the type of
progress that can be made.
Maintain appropriate locations for the reenactment of the battle.
25
:.--4Flog
40
Third Winchester/ Opequon
On September 19, 1864, Union soldiers under the command of General Philip H. Sheridan crossed the
Opequon Creek along Berryville Pike with the hopes of destroying General Jubal Early's Confederate
troops. General Early had sent General John Gordon and General Robert Rodes and their divisions to
Martinsburg to launch attacks in Maryland, leaving the Confederate forces in Winchester at less than half
strength.
General Sheridan planned to have two cavalry divisions strike from the north and the VIII Corps from the
south. The main attack was to come from the east, with the VI and XIX Corps, who had to navigate the
narrow Berryville Canyon. The Union infantry, with their wagons bogged down in the narrow confines of
Berryville Canyon, dashed Sheridan's hopes of quickly taking Winchester. This kept the XIX Corps in the
canyon until afternoon. By this time, General Early had discovered the Union plans and had recalled both
Gordon and Rodes.
The currently pristine areas to the east of the Hack -wood House were the scene of intense fighting in the
Third Battle of Winchester. At about noon on the 19th, a Union division of four brigades led by Birge,
Molineux, Sharpe, and Shunk launched its attack from the First Woods, on the Nash, Caleb Heights,
Huntsberry, and Regency properties, across the Middle Field, on the Huntsberry and Caleb Heights prop-
erty, toward the Second Woods, where General Gordon's Confederate troops waited. Confederate artil-
lery north of Redbud Run played havoc with the flanks of the Union attacking line. Birge's brigade reached
the Second Woods, on the Hackwood, Caleb Heights, and Regency properties, and came upon General
Gordon's main line and were staggered. Sharpe's brigade came up on Birge's left and the tide turned in fa-
vor of the Union. The Confederate line broke, falling back across the Hackwood property. Seven Confed-
erate cannon positioned on Hackwood Lane fired at point blank range into the Union attackers, throwing
them back. Gordon's troops launched a counterattack, driving Birge and Sharpe out of the Second Woods
and back across the Middle Field. Molineux was ordered to advance and plug the gap caused by Birge and
Sharp's retreating troops. Shunk's brigade was then ordered forward to bolster the wavering Union line.
Shunk came within 60 yards of the Confederate line in the Second Woods, and each side delivered point
blank volleys into the other's lines. Gordon's troops counterattacked again, and the Union forces retreated
to the safety of the First Woods. The Union then sent another brigade forward and were quickly pinned
down by Gordon's troops waiting along the tree line of the Second Woods. The Union forces fought until
they expended all of their ammunition and then retreated back to the First Woods. Another Union thrust
was mounted by McMillan's brigade, personally directed by General William Emory. The brigade reached
a shallow ravine about 200 yards from the Second Woods, where two regiments fought to hold their posi-
tion. By mid afternoon, the main thrust of the Union attack was thwarted and its ranks decimated.
During the lull that soon followed, General Rodes brought his Confederate division forward from its pro-
tected position in the Second Woods and launched a devastating counterattack into a gap that had opened
between the Union VI and XIX Corps. General Rodes was killed by shrapnel and fell along the wood line,
leaving Gordon to carry out the attack. This gap in the Union line appeared when the Union troops
launched an attack against General Ramseur's line, which was positioned along the Dinkle House south
27
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behind Abrams Creek. This attack crushed the right flank of the VI Corps. As the Union troops began re-
treating along the Berryville Pike, General Sheridan immediately deployed his reserves. Thoburn's division
deployed west along the south bank of Redbud Run into the First Woods to relieve the XIX Corps. Du-
val's division crossed the run and turned west, accompanied by the artillery of Captain Henry DuPont, and
deployed near the Huntsberry House. DuPont set up 18 guns opposite Gordon's flank in the Second
Woods and opened fire. Duval's division was ordered forward and they swept across Redbud Run at the
Hackwood House, turning Gordon's flank in the process, while Thoburn's division charged out of the First
Woods into the Middle Field. This two-pronged attack forced Gordon to abandon the Second Woods and
withdraw to the rear.
During the intense back and forth fighting in this part of the battle, losses on both sides were high. The
Union losses were the heaviest. For example, Grover's division, which launched the attack against the
Confederates in the Middle Field, had casualties totaling nearly 1,500, including the death of General Rus-
sell. Every regimental commander in this division was either killed or wounded. The 114th New York
suffered casualties of 60 percent. Union casualties for the third Battle of Winchester were 5,018 - 697
killed, 3,983 wounded, and 338 missing.
The Confederates forces lost many men, including many veterans. The casualties included General Robert
Rodes. Confederate casualties for the third Battle of Winchester were 3,611, including 226 killed, 1,567
wounded, and 1,818 missing and captured.
The significance of the Third Battle of Winchester is it finally broke the Confederate control of Winchester
and the Shenandoah Valley for the remaining months of the war. It also contributed to influencing the ree-
lection of Abraham Lincoln in 1864.
Large portions of the Third Winchester core area have been developed. However, key areas such as the
First Woods, Second Woods and Middle Field areas, where the most intense fighting occurred, remain in
pristine condition. The areas are included in the Caleb Heights property, the Hackwood Farm, and por-
tions of the Huntsberry and School Board properties. The Hackwood Farm was not only a battlefield dur-
ing the Third Battle of Winchester, but it also served as a field hospital for both sides. The Caleb Heights
property continued as a base of operations for Union cavalry divisions in the FaII and Winter of 1864.
30
STUATECIES FOR TIIIRD WINCIIESTEB/OPEQUON
Work with the Association for the Preservation of Civil War Sites. Inc. on
the acquisition of key sites.
Focus preservation efforts on the First Woods. Second Woods and Middle
Field areas.
Avoid significant intensification of uses within the boundaries of the key
areas established.
As a part of the resource management plan. provide for interpretation.
walking trails and signs. informational literature. and public access facili-
ties. All trails. signs. and facilities should he appropriate and non -
intrusive to avoid detracting from the historic character of the site.
Preserve the natural character of the Itedbud Ilan stream valley, associated
wetlands. and other significant environmental features.
Maintain existing vegetation. Clear small portions of the middle field area
to allow for interpretation of key battle actions.
Kernstown
After receiving faulty intelligence regarding the strength of the Union forces camped at Winchester, Gen-
eral Thomas J. Jackson decided in March of 1862 to launch an attack against the Union troops in order to
prevent Union soldiers from leaving the Valley to reinforce McClellan's army on the Virginia Peninsula.
The Union division at Kernstown, led by General James Shields, outnumbered Jackson by more than
two -to -one.
To defeat the Union force, Jackson decided that the best approach was to outflank it by feinting an ad-
vance toward Colonel Nathan Kimball's main position along the Valley Pike, which disguised a flanking
movement by most of Jackson's infantry toward Sand Ridge. This movement was led by Colonel Samuel
Fulkerson with support from General Richard Garnett. Sand Ridge was unoccupied and was higher
ground than the Union position on Pritchard's Hill.
At around 4:00 p.m., Colonel Erasmus Tyler deployed his five regiments of approximately 3,000 men and
attacked the Confederate position on Sand Ridge, supported by his artillery batteries on Pritchard's Hill and
a small cavalry force on his far right flank. Tyler attempted several times to turn the Confederate's left
dank without success, absorbing heavy casualties in the process. Union efforts were then directed at the
31
center of the Confederate force on the crest of the ridge. Colonel Kimball recognized that the Confederate
activity on the Valley Pike was a ruse, so he marched his brigade of approximately 3,000 men to the right,
joining with Tyler to assault the Confederate position from both the center and the right. The Confederate
troops were not only outnumbered, but were lacking any protection, which forced them to fall back.
Stonewall Jackson dispatched two regiments to support Garnett. Believing his position was untenable,
Garnett ordered a withdrawal before the two reinforcement regiments could reach him. Garnett's with-
drawal opened Fulkerson's right flank to heavy fire which forced him to withdraw as well. The Confeder-
ate artillery was able to keep Union troops in the open ground at bay, but no fire could be directed along
the wooded ridge itself. This allowed the Union troops to advance along the ridge crest forcing the ar-
tillery to retreat.
As the Union troops advanced across the ridge, Jackson deployed two regiments to slow the advance.
Several Union thrusts were thwarted. The fighting was so fierce at one point that it became hand-to-hand.
The fighting ended as darkness fell. Jackson withdrew his forces past the Magill House and south along
the Valley Pike and camped that night in Stephens City.
The Union force suffered 590 casualties during the battle - 1 l8 killed, 450 wounded, and 22 missing or
captured. The Confederates suffered 718 casualties during the battle - 80 killed, 375 wounded, and 263
missing or captured.
The First Kernstown Battle was General Stonewall Jackson's only tactical defeat, but he did manage to ac-
complish his goal. More Union troops were ordered to return to the Valley which prevented other Union
troops from joining McClellan on the Peninsula. Jackson would later vindicate himself in his Valley
Campaign.
On the afternoon of July 23, 1864, Confederate cavalry advanced north on the Valley Pike in an attempt to
scout General George Crook's position. During this advance, they encountered Union cavalry and drove
them from Stephens City to Kernstown. Crook withdrew his force into Winchester, leaving a cavalry bri-
gade to patrol Kernstown.
On the morning of the 24th, Confederates left Strasburg and advanced north on the Valley Pike. When the
Confederates reached Bartonsville, a division led by General Stephen D. Ramseur was sent to the left in an
attempt to strike Crook's right flank. The other two divisions, led by Generals Gordon and Breckinridge,
were sent directly up the Valley Pike. The Confederate cavalry was divided into two columns and sent east
and west of Winchester to converge on the city and cut off any Union attempt to retreat.
When General Crook received word that Early's force was approaching, he brought his troops in a line just
north of Hoge's Run on the Grim property. A division led by Colonel James A. Mulligan was deployed in
the center of the Union line behind a stone fence on the border of the Grim property at the Pritchard
House, supported by Captain Henry DuPont's artillery positioned on Pritchard's Hill to his rear. Duvall's
two brigades were separated and posted on Mulligan's flanks with Colonel Rutherford B. Hayes' brigade
extending the Union line east of the Valley Pike. Cavalry protected both flanks.
At about noon, Gordon's Confederate division advanced in line west of the Valley Pike encountering skir-
mishers along the way near the Opequon Church. Mulligan's division counterattacked, supported by Hayes
32
First Battle of
KERNSTOWN
Frederick County, Virginia
FIRST KERNSTOWN
Battlefield Core Area
Union Positions
VP*A Union Troop Movements
� Confederate Positions
VPII/ Confederate Troop
Movements
Landmarks
Properties under
preservation efforts
Thb m-F .w W-&-" by th. fr.dvftk C..unty
o.PwLt t .t Pt—Ino and oevolop—t
Second Battle
of KERNSTOWN
Frederick County, Virginia
■SECOND KERNSTOWN
Battlefield Core Area
Union Positions
VPIf1 Union Troop Movements
Confederate Positions
��► Confederate Troop
Movements
Landmarks
Properties under
preservation efforts
Thio MOP .ao pro&u d by dw Frndwick Canty
04-ftn-t of PkMky and O ,,wW. tt
on the left and took possession of the churchyard. Gordon regrouped and advanced again, forcing
Mulligan to fall back 250 yards onto the Grim property to the stone fence along Pritchard's Lane. Gor-
don's advance stalled at the church and Confederate artillery was brought up to engage the Union artillery
on Pritchard's Hill. Ramseur brought his division up from the Middle Road on Gordon's left and advanced.
Gordon then shifted one of his brigades in conjunction with Ramseur and advanced, dislodging Colonel Jo-
seph Thoburn's Union troops hiding behind two stone fences. Thoburn withdrew to the base of Pritchard's
Hill, bending his line back to the north and exposing Mulligan's right flank in the process.
On the eastern side of the Valley Pike, Wharton's division advanced against the Union left flank held by
Hayes, forcing Hayes to retreat to the safety of the stone walls that lined the Valley Pike. Now there were
three Confederate divisions moving together toward the center of the Union line located on the Grim prop-
erty. Mulligan's division was receiving fire from three directions. Colonel Mulligan was hit by five bullets
and fell mortally wounded and later died under a tree in the front yard of the Pritchard house. The Union
center collapsed as soldiers began streaming to the rear. Hayes' brigade made a stand on the crest of Prit-
chard's Hill that allowed the Union artillery to escape.
In the Second Battle of Kernstown, Confederate losses were 100 killed and 500 wounded. Union casual-
ties were 120 killed, 600 wounded, and 480 missing or captured.
The two Kernstown Battles are significant for several reasons. First Kernstown was General Stonewall
Jackson's only defeat. Second Kernstown was one of the few Confederate victories during 1864. After
the Confederate victory at Second Kernstown, the Confederate cavalry advanced into Pennsylvania, result-
ing in the burning of Chambersburg. The burning of Chambersburg proved more than the Lincoln admini-
stration could tolerate, leading to Sheridan's decisive Valley Campaign.
Sand Ridge was the area of the heaviest fighting during the First Kernstown Battle. The Ridge served as
the location for Confederate positions and was targeted by Union artillery on Pritchard's Hill.
The Grim Farm figured prominently in both the First and Second Kernstown Battles, During First Kern-
stown, Union artillery was positioned on the Grim property along Pritchard's Hill and was a primary objec-
tive of the Confederate attack. In order for certain Union regiments to get to the Confederate position on
Sand Ridge, they had to cross the Grim property.
During Second Kernstown, the Grim property was the center of the fighting. Union soldiers took up posi-
tions along the stone fences on the edge of the Grim property and along Pritchard's Lane. Union artillery
fired from positions on Pritchard's Hill.
The City of Winchester and Frederick County are in the process of purchasing 342 acres of the Grim Farm
portion of the Kernstown Battlefields. The intention is to include the Grim Farm in the battlefield park net-
work. The Grim Farm includes the Pritchard House, Pritchard Hill, and other significant areas. The Glass
Glen Burnie Foundation owns approximately 262 acres of the Sand Ridge site that played such an impor-
tant role in the First Battle of Kernstown. The Grim Farm and Sand Ridge sites are in very pristine condi-
tion. However, significant urban development has occurred to the north and east of the sites. Areas to the
south and west continue to be rural.
35
Other Sites
Star Fort and Other Forts
In 1862, the Confederate 4th Alabama regiment built a small portion of what was to become Star Fort and
named it Fort Alabama. During various times of Union occupation in Winchester, Fort Alabama was en-
larged and renamed Star Fort. Star Fort, as it is recognized today, is but the southern tip of a complex of
trenches, rifle pits, gun emplacements, and fortifications that once covered the entire ridge of Amblers Hill.
The Star Fort site and surrounding area played an integral part in the Second Battle of Winchester. Prior
to the battle, Star Fort was one of four Union fortifications in the Winchester area that formed a defensive
line that controlled all major roads entering Winchester from the north. The other three fortifications were
Fort Collier, Fort Milroy and West Lunette. During the third Battle of Winchester, Star Fort defined the
outer limits of the battlefield and, once again fell into Union control as Confederate forces began their re-
treat after the third Battle of Winchester.
The Second Battle of Winchester was part of General Lee's second invasion of the North. The Confeder-
ate forces defeated and nearly destroyed an entire Union division under General Robert Milroy. The Con-
federate victory at Second Winchester offered high hopes for the success of Lee's second invasion of the
North.
On June 12, 1863, the Confederate Second Corps, led by General Richard S. Ewell, consisting of three di-
visions of nearly 19,000 troops, entered the Shenandoah Valley at Chester Gap and pressed on to Front
Royal. Two divisions under the command of General Jubal A. Early and General Edward Johnson pressed
northward along the Valley Pike and Front Royal Road to converge on the approximately 7,000 Union
troops located in Winchester under the command of General Robert Milroy. Milroy was unaware of the
approaching Confederate divisions that outnumbered his troops, but was confident that the strengths of his
four fortifications, Star Fort, Fort Collier, Fort Milroy, and West Lunette, would enable him to repel any
Confederate advances.
Before reaching Winchester, Early and Johnson's divisions split, with Johnson moving northeast toward
Stephenson's Depot to block any Union retreat and Early moving northwest for an attack on the West Lu-
nette. Early's attack drove the Union troops from the West Fort to Fort Milroy and Star Fort. The Con-
federates then centered their attack on Fort Milroy and Star Fort. As the Confederates attacked, Milroy
knew that without reinforcements he would not be able to hold Fort Milroy and Star Fort. Therefore, he
made preparations to retreat.
During the night of June 14, Milroy ordered the artillery at each fort to be spiked and the wagons aban-
doned. At 1:00 a_m. on the morning of the 15th, Milroy led his troops from Fort Milroy and Star Fort
along the Martinsburg Pike.
The Star Fort site, has been acquired by a local group, Middlesex Artillery -Fleets Battery, Inc. This group
acquired the seven acres containing the fort site by dedication from the owners. Owners of surrounding
property have submitted a development plan to the County that would increase open space around the fort
37
NORTH WINCHESTER FORTIFICATION SYSTEM
FREDERICK COUNTY -WINCHESTER, VIRGINIA
and enhance views from the fort. The development proposes to impose an annual fee on the owners of the
land in the surrounding development. These fees would be used to maintain the fort.
Milroys Fort, also known as Fort Garibaldi and Flag Fort, is located on the high ground just west of today's
Fairmont Avenue. It was five to six times larger than Star Fort and could support a 6,000 member brigade.
West Lunette, also known as West Fort, is located on the high ground at the intersection of today's Route
522 and Route 37. It played a key role in the Second Battle of Winchester.
Earthworks remain today at Fort Collier. During the Third Battle of Winchester, Fort Collier was the
western anchor of the Confederate earthworks facing northeast. After Crooks successful attack near
Hackwood, the Confederates formed a defensive line reaching from Fort Collier to Star Fort. Sheridan
ordered an advance and as the Union troops advanced from the north and east, firing became fierce and
desperate. Averell, Custer and Merrit advanced a cavalry attack against the Confederate lines that was the
largest massed cavalry attach during the Civil War. The attack resulted in a Confederate retreat through
the streets of Winchester.
The Fort Collier, Fort Milroy, and West Fort sites contain areas that are in good condition and that could
be used for interpretation. Portions of the West Fort sites and the ground over which the Confederate
came from the west in the Second Battle of Winchester remain pristine. These pristine sites include Con-
federate artillery positions west of Route 37.
STHATEGIES F01.1 STAR FORT ANI) 117,IIER r()117'S
Work witl► the Middlesex Artillery group to create a 6:►ttlefield park site
at Star Fort.
Use Star Fort as a demonstration project to increase public awareness of
the battlefield effort.
Work with owners of Fort Collier. Fort Milroy and other forts around
Winchester to find ways to preserve additional. forts.
Work closely with the Middlesex Artillery to prepare a resource manage-
ment plan for Star Fort as soon as possible.
1.'rovide pedestrian trails and bikeways connecting the different forts.
Work closely with developers of surrounding; land to provide support for
the fort sites.
pro -vide, sibivr viii 116ig1l➢waTs invnvediately identifying tiie loC:vtion of dive key
fort sites.
39
Stephenson Depot
During the Second Battle of Winchester, Stephenson Depot was the site of the most critical action. The
Confederates used the railroad embankment south of the Depot and the ridge behind it as artillery emplace-
ments that was assaulted unsuccessfully by the Union troops several times.
While Jubal Early's forces attacked the Union troops positioned at Star Fort, Fort Milroy, West Lunette,
and Fort Collier on June 14 with great success, Confederate General Richard S. Ewell assumed that Gen-
eral Robert Milroy would attempt a retreat during the night. Therefore, he ordered General Edward John-
son to prevent the Union escape by cutting off the Charles Town Road. At about 10:00 p.m., Johnson
marched with two brigades and eight guns north to Berryville Pike and west to Jordan Springs Road,
where he turned north toward Stephenson's Depot.
At approximately 1:00 a.m. on the morning of June l5th, Milroy and his officers decided to abandon Fort
Milroy and Star Fort and try to make their way to Harpers Ferry on the old Charles Town Road. After
spiking all of their cannons and destroying their carriages, the Union soldiers massed in the low ground be-
tween the two forts and then moved down the railroad and the Valley Pike towards the Charles Town
crossroads, just south of Stephenson's Depot.
At about dawn on the morning of the 15th, Johnson's skirmishers encountered the head of the retreating
Union column near the intersection of the Valley Pike and old Charles Town Road. Johnson deployed his
regiments along Milburn Road and placed one artillery piece directly on the Charles Town Road railroad
bridge and one beside it. Johnson deployed his remaining artillery pieces on the high ground east of Mil-
burn Road. Milroy set up his column to the right of the Valley Pike and prepared to fight his way through.
The Union forces made several desperate but uncoordinated attacks against the railroad bridge and were
unable to make a dent in the Confederate line, who were now being steadily reinforced. The Confederate
Stonewall brigade advanced to cut off the Valley Pike. Seeing no way out, Union regiments hoisted the
white flag of surrender. Between 2,500 and 3,000 Union soldiers surrendered. Milroy and his staff man-
aged to escape to the west.
The Union losses from June 12 to June 15 were 95 killed, 373 wounded, and 3,974 missing and captured
out of a total force of approximately 7,000. The Confederate losses paled in comparison. They had 47
killed, 219 wounded, and 3 missing.
The Second Battle of Winchester was part of General Lee's second invasion of the North. The Confeder-
ate forces defeated and nearly destroyed an entire Union division under General Robert Milroy at Stephen -
son's Depot. The Confederate victory at Second Winchester offered high hopes for the success of Lee's
second invasion of the North that culminated with the Battle of Gettysburg. The Second Battle of Win-
chester also marked General Ewell's first engagement as a Corps Commander. His tactical successes at
Second Winchester had influence on his tactics at Gettysburg two weeks later.
Despite intensive development along Route 11 north in the vicinity, the Stephenson Depot Battlefield re-
mains pristine and rural in character. The modern railroad bridge and embankment are located today in the
40
same location where they existed during the battle. Milburn Road connects Stephenson Depot to the Third
Winchester sites along a route that looks today much as it did during the Civil War.
STRATEGIES FOR STLPHENSI/N DEPOT
Work witle the landowner to preserve key areas while allowing some devel-
opment. Provide planning assistance.
New more intensive uses in the core area should provide means to protect
viewsheds as a part of their development plans.
Use Milburn Itond as a primary travel connection between Steplienson I)epot
and Third Winchester. Work with land owners to preserve views along Mil-
burn Iload using buffers. vegetation and easements.
Old Town Winchester
The City of Winchester was chartered by act of the Virginia Assembly in 1752, fourteen years after Freder-
ick County was chartered. During the Civil War, no eastern city was more critically involved than Win-
chester, with the city changing hands throughout the course of the war over 70 times. During the Civil
War, the population of Winchester was about 4,000, including 706 slaves and 665 free blacks.
According to war -time diarist, Julia Chase, the Confederates reached Winchester on November 8, 1861
and the Union army initially arrived on March 14, 1862. From this point on, Winchester was primarily in
Union hands. Although there were a large number of unionists within the town, relations between the
townspeople and the Union occupiers were not good.
During the Civil War, many buildings in Old Town Winchester served as field hospitals for both sides, in-
cluding the County Courthouse and the Taylor Hotel (McCrorys building). As early as March, 1862, the
County Courthouse was filled to capacity with wounded. Confederate General Thomas J. "Stonewall"
Jackson and Union General Philip Sheridan both established headquarters within Old Town Winchester.
Sheridan used the Logan House at 1;5 N. Braddock Street and Jackson used the Fuller -Moore House at
415 N. Braddock Street.
Old Town Winchester retains much of its colonial and civil war heritage through a regulated historic
district.
42
STUATEGITS FOR OLD TOWN WINCH EST'EIt
Identify key sites, buildings and attractions with Civil War significance in
downtown Winchester.
Support t1se efforts to nikaintain the historic character and promote the eco-
nomic potential of downtown.
Maintain the key role played by 01d 'Town Welcone Center in the Kurtz
building.
Support the c:►ntintint ion and improvement r►f walking tours.
Include the downtown in interpretative tours.
The National and Stonewall Cemetei-ies
The National Cemetery is one of the ten oldest national cemeteries in the United States and was dedicated
in 1868. The National Cemetery contains the graves of 4,491 Union soldiers killed in the fighting in and
around Winchester throughout the Civil War. Of these 4,491 Union graves, 2,381 are unknown. From
1865 to 1867, bodies were located and moved from field burials and local private cemeteries to the Na-
tional Cemetery. Today the cemetery office is the home of the Winchester -Frederick County Historical
Society.
The cemetery contains a historical marker that describes the final Confederate position in the third Battle of
Winchester. At the front of the cemetery, there are monuments honoring the 116th New York Volunteer
Infantry, the soldiers of New Hampshire, the rnen of the 123rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry, the soldiers of
Pennsylvania, and a memorial to the VI Army Corps. In one corner of the cemetery there are two monu-
ments honoring the 8th Vermont Regiment with commemorating its bayonet charge in the third Battle of
Winchester. In addition, there are four other monuments honoring the 34th Massachusetts Infantry, the
third Massachusetts Cavalry and the 12th and 18th Connecticut Infantry Regiments.
The Stonewall Cemetery is considered one of the oldest Confederate Memorial Cemeteries in the South.
The first memorial services were held at Stonewall Cemetery on June 6, 1865, a date chosen in remem-
brance of General Turner Ashby's death on June 6, 1862. One report stated, "thousands came with ever-
greens and flowers." An annual Memorial Day Service is conducted by the Turner Ashby Chapter of the
United Daughters of the Confederacy
There are over 3,000 known and 829 unknown Confederate soldiers who lie there, representing every state
in the Confederacy. Contributions to establish the cemetery came from all over the South, beginning with
$1,200 from Alabama. The cemetery is now maintained with assistance from the Turner Ashby Chapter of
the United Daughters of the Confederacy.
43
Inside the cemetery are monuments from South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Maryland, Louisiana,
Florida, and Georgia. The cemetery contains the graves of several notable Confederate soldiers, including
General John G. Walker, who did not fight in Winchester, but was buried here in 1893. General Robert
Johnston, who fought in 1864 in Ramseur's division and returned to Winchester after the war, is buried
next to the North Carolina monument. General Turner Ashby and his brother, as well as the Patton broth-
ers, are buried close together. Colonel Waller T. Patton was mortally wounded at Gettysburg in 1863 and
Colonel George S. Patton met the same fate at Winchester in 1864, where he commanded a brigade in
Breckinridge's division. The Patton brothers were, respectively, the great uncle and the grandfather of
General George S. Patton, who served in the First and Second World Wars.
Bowers Hill
Bowers Hill, located near Handley High School and split by Jefferson Street, was General Stonewall Jack-
son's main objective and the scene of an intense Confederate assault during the First Battle of Winchester.
In the Second Battle of Winchester, it was first occupied by Union forces and then became a Confederate
artillery stronghold.
In the First Battle of Winchester, Union artillery fire from Bowers Hill pinned down General Stonewall
Jackson's men as they advanced towards Camp Hill from the Front Royal Road towards the Valley Pike
and Bowers Hill. To seize Bowers Hill, Jackson ordered General Richard Taylor's Louisiana Brigade to
carry out the first of Jackson's great flanking attacks. Taylor moved west along Abrams Creek, then
crossed it in order to strike the Union flank on Bowers Hill from the west. Taylor's men advanced rapidly,
forcing the collapse of the whole Union position. Union troops retreated along Loudoun Street, pursued
by Confederate infantry.
During the Second Battle of Winchester, as the Confederate forces advanced along the Valley Pike toward
Winchester, they swept forward and secured Bower's Hill. It was from Bower's Hill that Generals Early
and Ewell saw the opportunity before them. What they saw confirmed what their scouts had told them.
The Union strongholds of Milroy's Fort, Star Fort, and West Fort could be taken by positioning artillery
along Little North Mountain to support an infantry assault on the forts. With General Milroy's Union
troops retreating into the forts, the Confederates moved to seize Little North Mountain. General John B.
Gordon's brigade was left in place on Bower's Hill to shell Milroy's Fort.
Bowers Hill and other related sites associated with the First Battle of Winchester are largely located in the
City of Winchester. Most of these sites are today covered with urban development. A portion of Bowers
Hill is maintained as open space as a part of the Glen Burnie estate, owned by the Glass Glen Burnie Foun-
dation. Other smaller portions are maintained as urban open space.
Ruthersford Farm
Rutherford Farm was the site of the battle that temporarily tarnished the reputation of Confederate General
Stephen Ramseur. The Richmond E arniner described the defeat "as the deplorable affair in which Ram-
seur's division was humiliated in the dust." The battle at Rutherford Farm was also a prelude to the 1864
44
Valley Campaign and caused Ramseur to exert himself at Second Kernstown in an effort to recapture his
officers taken at Rutherford Farm.
Returning from their invasion of Maryland and Washington, D. C., Jubal Early's army took a respite in Ber-
ryville on July 20, 1864. Seeing that Berryville was a difficult location to defend, Early began withdrawing
his supplies and wounded through White Post and Stephens City. While this withdrawal was occurring,
Early learned that a Union force under the command of General William W. Averell was coming south
from Martinsburg. General Stephen Ramseur was sent to remove supplies and wounded from Winchester.
While in Winchester, Ramseur sent General John C. Vaughn's newly remounted cavalry to scout along the
Martinsburg Turnpike. About noon, Vaughn encountered a regiment of cavalry and infantry and sent word
requesting a battery of cannon and received four guns. Before Ramseur could recall Vaughn's force, he
heard the sound of musketry from the north and lie immediately marched his division down the pike toward
that action at Rutherford's Farm. Ramseur met Vaughn on the Pike while Vaughn was retreating. Vaughn
miscalculated the size of Averell's force. Instead of just two regiments, he had his entire division.
Averell posted two regiments across each side of the Martinsburg Pike with cavalry on each flank. The
Confederates answered with a line of skirmishers and one brigade to the east of the pike, two brigades west
of it, and one brigade in reserve. Ramseur then saw three large Union regiments east of the Pike and
shifted one of the brigades from the west to the east.
After this shift by the Confederates, Averell saw that his line of skirmishers overlapped the Confederates on
the West by 200 yards. A cavalry flank attack was immediately ordered as well as attacks all along the
line. This Union attack was so vicious that Confederate troops began to panic, and regiment after regiment
began to retreat. Ramseur valiantly tried to restore his line but was unsuccessful until they reached Win-
chester, where they occupied the fortification north of town and managed to stall the Union advance.
Considering the intensity of the battle, casualties were light. The Confederates lost 470 men, including
Colonel Board of the 58th Virginia Infantry, and General Robert D. Lilly was captured. The Union forces
lost less than 350.
The Ruthersford Farm site is in an area on Martinsburg Pike (Route 1 1) where substantial but scattered de-
velopment has occurred. Substantial portions of the site remain on relatively large, privately owned tracts
of land.
Berryville Canyon
The portions of Berryville Pike, currently Route 7, in Frederick County are located between steep and rug-
ged hillsides on both sides of the road. This portion of Route 7 is known as "Berryville Canyon," the scene
of a "traffic jam" that stalled General Philip Sheridan's advance on Winchester during the third Battle of
Winchester.
Early on the morning of the September 19, 1864, Union cavalry began their assault on Winchester. In the
meantime, the VI Corps was advancing along the Berryville Pike with its entire wagon train. The wagon
train ended up getting bogged down within the narrow confines of the canyon, blocking the passage of the
45
XIX Corps for hours. The troops were forced into the woods on the steep hillsides, dashing Sheridan's
hopes of quickly taking Winchester. Union Captain DeForest described the scene, "the road was crowded
with wagons, ambulances, gun carriages and caissons. Endless lines of infantry struggled trough under-
brush. We met litters loaded with injured and passed a hospital tent where I saw surgeons bending over a
table and beneath it amputated limbs lying in pools of blood." It wasn't until 11:40 a.m. that the Canyon
was unsnarled enough for the infantry to pass through.
Land on top of the ridges forming the canyon is substantially developed. However, because of the terrain,
the bottom of the canyon along the highway maintains a largely wooded and open space character. At the
eastern end of the Canyon is the Opequon Creek floodplain. This area, which served as hospital and stag-
ing areas, remains largely undeveloped although it does contain a major sewage treatment facility on the
south side of Route 7.
STRATEGIES FOU HERRVVILLI. CANVO
lllerr:rville Can:ron vhould PI.17 all iuiPor-tant role as a trave-1 route in the hsxttle-
fiield tour network.
The. eurreut natural cliaractcr of thc� C:u►rou anal Particularly tlhc steep slopes
loaning the Canw.on 4bhouhd h4_t m.lint.jined.
Sheridan's Hospital and the 1864 Winter Line
Shortly after the Third Battle of Winchester, Winchester residences, churches, and public buildings were
flooded with wounded and dying men. Prior to the Third Battle of Winchester, each regiment, brigade, and
division had individual field hospitals, with surgeons and men assigned to be stretcher bearers. During
Third Winchester, Sheridan's Army implemented a new field hospital system, with assigned surgical staff,
male nurses, and men officially designated as stewards.
Tents and equipment had been in storage for Sheridan's first major eastern engagement. These were
shipped by rail to Harpers Ferry and Martinsburg and then by wagon to Winchester. A large field hospital
was created with over 2000 tents. This field hospital is credited as being the largest field hospital of the
19th Century,
The Sheridan's Field Hospital acted more as a clearing house for the wounded. The field hospitals on the
front lines did primary triage of wounded that were neat sent to Sheridan's Field Hospital. From there all
but the worst cases were immediately shipped north by wagon and rail.
The hospital was located at Shawnee Springs, just outside of Winchester. It proved to be an ideal spot be-
cause it had agood flow of water from several natural springs, good drainage, and fairly open terrain. The
46
City of Winchester now owns 11.5 acres at Shawnee Springs and has developed a plan for the site that in-
cludes historic interpretation.
The 1864 Winter Line was a series of earthen fortifications constructed north of Hoge Run between the
Valley Pike and the Front Royal Pike. The line was built by General Sheridan's XIX Corps after the Battle
of Cedar Creek to defend his winter encampment. The line consisted of the Stossel Works, Glaize Re-
doubt, Carriesbrook Redoubt, Hill 'N Dale Works, Opequon Works, and Lakeside Works. The Lakeside
Works were the first works to be constructed. They were south of Hoge Run and were abandoned before
completion. It was felt that the position south of the Run was untenable, therefore, the works were con-
structed north of Hoge Run.
An excerpt from one source states, "On November 8th the regiment voted for State Officers and for the
Presidential electors and the next day marched through Middletown and Newtown and the First Division
went into winter quarters between Newtown and the Opequon River and built the front line of the defen-
sive works for the army." Another source states, "On November 10th the regiment arrived at Camp Rus-
sell, where the army was encamped, and during the remainder of the month was engaged in the erection of
fortifications and building cabins for winter quarters. In December the winter quarters were completed."
Parkins Mill Battery overlooks today's Parkins Mill Treatment Plant on Route 644 and is in better condi-
tion than Star Fort and Collier Redoubt. Parkins Mill Battery served as an artillery emplacement during the
later stages of the war and was used as an encampment by cavalry troops.
The State Historical Marker at the site states the site originated during the occupation of Winchester and
surrounding area by General Robert Milroy's Union troops. It is now thought that Parkins Mill Battery
was constructed in November of 1864 as part of General Philip Sheridan's 1864 Winter Line.
STRATEGIES FOR /THEIN SITLs
Identify other signifie:ant sites :zud develop Kpecific tre:stmentH for e:wh site.
47
Civil War Monuments
Frederick County -Winchester
Monument Title Location
Lt. Co.. Snowden Andrews/ Ist Maryland Artillery Monument
2nd Winchester
Capt. Russell Hastings/ 23rd Ohio Infantry Monument
3rd Winchester
Maj. Gen. Stephen D. Ramseur Monument
Cedar Creek
8th Vermont Infantry Monument
Cedar Creek
128th New York Infantry Monument
Cedar Creek
In Honor of Confederate Soldiers from Winchester & Frederick Co.
Downtown
116th New York Volunteer Infantry
National Cemetery
Soldiers of New Hampshire
National Cemetery
123rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry
National Cemetery
Soldiers of Pennsylvania
National Cemetery
VI Army Corps
National Cemetery
8th Vermont Regiment
National Cemetery
8th Vermont Regiment, commemorating the 3rd Battle of Winchester
National Cemetery
34th Massachusetts Infantry
National Cemetery
3rd Massachusetts Cavalry
National Cemetery
12th Connecticut Infantry Regiment
National Cemetery
18th Connecticut Infantry Regiment
National Cemetery
South Carolina Monument
Stonewall Cemetery
North Carolina Monument
Stonewall Cemetery
Virginia Monument
Stonewall Cemetery
Georgia Monument
Stonewall Cemetery
Unknown Soldier Monument
Stonewall Cemetery
Maryland Monument
Stonewall Cemetery
Tennessee Monument
Stonewall Cemetery
Louisiana Monument
Stonewall Cemetery
Florida Monument
Stonewall Cemetery
48
BATTLEFIELD ACTION PLAN
The following describes actions that need to be taken to carry out the goals and strategies de-
scribed in this plan. The plan describes agencies that will work on the various projects. State
and federal agencies are not included, but it is hoped that such agencies will become involved.
The action plan sets forth a recommended approach that will undoubtedly have to be modified as
the activities proceed. Over time, priorities will possibly change, and certain projects may be
completed early or late. However, the action plan represents a comprehensive approach, and if
it is used consistently to develop annual work programs, an effective battlefield network will
result.
ACTION PLAN FOR 1995
Action
Responsible Agency
Establish "battlefield organization" & provide for
Task Force, local governing bodies, eco -
staffing &funding.nomic
development commission, Lord
Fairfax Planning District Commission,
Virginia Department of Historic
Resources
Complete acquisition of Grim Farm.
Battlefield organization, local governing
bodies, planning staffs, economic devel-
opment commission, Historical Society
Identify and acquire key Third Winchester areas.
Association for the Preservation of Civil
War Sites, battlefield organization, local
governing bodies, planning staffs, eco-
nomic development commission
Prepare a resource management plan for Kernstown
Battlefield organization, Planning staffs
Battlefields.
Progress in subsequent years will depend on the progress made during the first year. Work in
subsequent years may proceed as follows:
49
CTION PLAN FOR 1996:
Action
Responsible Agency
Prepare a resource management plan for Third
Winchester.
Battlefield organization, planning staffs,
APCWS
Prepare a Resource Management Plan for Star Fort.
Battlefield organization, Middlesex Artil-
lery, planning staffs
Sponsor special events concerning Grim Farm and
Third Winchester
Battlefield organization, APCWS, Cham -
ber of Commerce
CTION PLAN FOR 1997:
Action
Responsible Agency
Prepare resource management plan for Cedar Creek
Battlefield.
Battlefield organization, Cedar Creek
Foundation, planning staffs
Prepare overall interpretative tour plan.
Battlefield organization, planning staffs
Implement Kernstown Resource Management Plan
Battlefield organization
CTION PLAN FOR 1998:
Action -
Responsible Agency
Develop interpretive center.
Battlefield organization, planning staffs,
local governing bodies
Acquire additional key areas for Cedar Creek
attlefield.
Battlefield organization, Cedar Creek
Foundation
CTION PLAN FOR 1999:
Action
Responsible Agency
Design and install signs along travel routes.
Battlefield organization
Carry out resource management plan for Star Fort.
Battlefield organization, Middlesex
Artillery
Implement Cedar Creek Resource Management Plan
Battlefield organization, Cedar Creek
Foundation
50
SUBSEQUENT ACTIONS:
coon
Responsible Agency
Identify and acquire key area of Stephensons Depot.
Battlefield organization
Implement Third Winchester Resource Management
Battlefield organization
Plan.
Develop and carry out national promotion effort.
Battlefield organization, Chamber of
Commerce, Economic Development
Comission
Work with land owners in viewsheds in & around
Battlefield organization
Stephensons Depot.
Work with owners of Fort Milroy on preservation of
Battlefield organization
fort..
Work with owners of land along Milburn Road to
Battlefield organization, planning staffs
protect viewsheds.
Provide trails or bikeways connecting Grim Farm &
Battlefield organization, planning staffs,
Sand Ridge.
Provide pedestrian trails connecting the forts.
Battlefield organization, planning staffs
Work on treatment of other sites.
Battlefield organization, planning staffs
Designate and improve bikeways between battlefields.
Battlefield organization, planning staffs,
Winchester Wheelmen
Develop trails linking 3RD Winchester & Stephen-
Battlefield organization, planning staffs
sons Depot.
Develop pedestrian routes linking battlefields to
Battlefield organization, planning staffs
owntown.
Certain actions will need to be undertaken each year on a continuing basis starting in the first
year as follows:
51
ONGOING ACTIONS: 1
coon Responsible Agency
Identify funding sources Battlefield organization, planning staffs,
economic development commission
Work to involve state government. State legislators, local governing bodies,
economic development commission
Contact civil war interest groups and request support. Battlefield organization
Work to involve National Park Service. Battlefield organization, local governing
bodies, planning staffs, economic devel-
nnmPnt rnmmiccinn
52
Develop special events to increase public awareness.
Battlefield organization
Involve Chamber of Commerce and local businesses.
Chamber of commerce, Battlefield
organization
Involve local public schools.
Battlefield organization
Contact communities that provided units to enlist
Battlefield organization
support.
Work on role of downtown Winchester.
Battlefield organization, downtown de-
velopment board, Historical Society,
Preservation of Historic Winchester
Work with land owners in viewshed areas in &
Battlefield organization
around Third Winchester.
Work with land owners in viewshed areas in Kern-
Battlefield organization
stown Battlefields.
Work with land owners in viewshed areas in &
Battlefield organization
around Star Fort.
Work with land owners in viewshed areas around Ce-
Battlefield organization
dar Creek
Review maps & promotional literature to insure refer-
Battlefield organization
ences to battlefields.
Develop view protection along designated travelways.
Planning staffs
Work with owners of Fort Collier on preservation of
Battlefield organization
fort.
Work with Glen Burnie Foundation to preserve Sand
Battlefield organization
Ridge.
Work with Chemstone Corporation on Cedar Creek Battlefield
organization, Cedar Creek
issues. Foundation
Work with Town of Middletown on Cedar Creek Battlefield
organization, Cedar Creek
issues. Foundation
52
53
Battlefield Action Program Summary
ACTION:1993
'1996
' 1997
1998
1999
Establish 'Battlefield Organizationif
Complete Grim Farm acquisition
Acquire Third Winchester key areas
Resource plan for Kernstown�
Resource plan for Third Winchester
Resource plan for Star Fort
Battlefield special event
Resource plan for Cedar Creek
Interpretative tour plan
Implement Kernstown plan
Develop interpretative center
Additional acquisition at Cedar Creek
IRA
Travel route signs
Implement Star Fort plan
Implement Cedar Creek plan
53
PC REVIEW: 10/18/95
SUBDIVISION APPLICATION #010-95
STAR. FORT SECTION I
LOCATION: The property is located on the east side of Lauck Drive (Route 832).
MAGISTERIAL DISTRICT: Stonewall
PROPERTY ID NUMBER: 54-A-1
PROPERTY ZONING & PRESENT ]USE: RP (Residential Performance); Land Use:
vacant
ADJOINING PROPERTY ZONING & USE: RP (Residential Performance); Land Use:
vacant and residential
SUBDIVISION SPECIFICS: Subdivision of a 7.5713 acre portion of the larger parcel into
21 lots for single family dwellings, the minimum lot size consisting of 15,000 square feet.
REVIEW AGENCY COMMENTS:
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION: See attached letter dated July 25, 1995.
SANITATION AUTHORITY: Approval after third review.
FIRE MARSHAL: 1) Driveways to residences should be located away from fire
hydrants. 2) Post temporary street address signs on each lot as construction begins.
3) in of land in order to clear debris requires a permit from Fire Marshal's
Office. NOTE: Virginia Department of Forestry Laws go into effect March 1, 1995.
4) Burning of construction debris on site is prohibited in Frederick County. 5)
Access for emergency vehicles must be maintained at all times during construction.
Page 2
Star Fort Sec. I
Subdivision #010-95
CITY OF WINCHESTER: The length of the cul-de-sac seems excessively
long (1700'+), if provisions of Subdivision Ordinance Section 144-17G apply.
Should future street connection to the land on the east, designated as "future
development" be provided near the north end of Lauck Drive?
PARKS AND RECREATION: No comment.
COUNTY ENGINEER: The revised site plan dated June 1, 1995 has adequately
Addressed the stormwater management issues for the proposed 21 lot subdivision.
We understand that the existing detention pond will be abandoned in favor of a
regional facility when the additional phases of the project are developed.
PLANNING AND ZONING: The proposed subdivision is in conformance with the
approved master plan. All of the proposed lots are 15,000 square feet or larger in
size and are to be constructed using the open ditch design. The comment from the
City of Winchester is not valid since the street is an already existing state maintained
road and the existing street allows access to the adjoining property. It appears that
all other ordinance requirements have been addressed.
STAFF RECOMMENDATION FOR OCTOBER 18, 1995 MTG• Approval as presented.
COMMONWEALTH of VIRGINIA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DAVID R. GEHR 14031 OLD VALLEY PIKE
COMMISSIONER PO. BOX 278
EDINBURG. 22824-0278
July 25, 1995
Mr. Stephen M. Gyurisin
C/O G. W. Clifford & Associates, Inc.
200 North Cameron Street
Winchester, VA 22601
Dear Steve:
WILLIAM H. BUSHMAN. P.E.
RESIDENT ENGINEER
TELE(7031984.5600
PAX(703)984.5607
Ref: Star Fort, Section I
Route 832
Frederick County
As requested, we have signed and are returning the referenced project's final subdivision
plat.
If we can be of further assistance, please let me know.
Sincerely,
William H. Bushman
Trans. Resident Engineer
By: RobertB. Childress
Trans. Permits & Subdivision
Specialist Supervisor
RBC/rf
Enclosures
xc: Mr. S. A. Melnikoff (w/ copy of plat)
Mr. R. W. Watkins
L
1
APPLICATION AND CHECKLIST
SUBDIVISION
FREDERICK COUNTY VIRGINIA
Date:( Z6 -1991 Application # L (_' --i�� Fee Paid
Applicant/Agent: 6JLt-�eDe7- ire/. cLif'fiokp 4r tJ6��?C_, /nom
Address: 240U
Phone: EMO -6&7- _13q
Owners name: MR _
Address: -S72-5-
yc0i'c,��2 ✓f /��J//Y 224,-,01
Phone: LEO - 6�r�7 - 2VS50
Please list names of all owners, principals and /or majority
stockholders:
Contact Person:
Phone: 21 327
Name of Subdivision: c5% ,e lm7- <S�0 / /
Number of Lots Zj Total Acreage 757/3
Property Location: r e ,
(Give State Rt.#, name, distance and direction from intersection)
Magisterial District
Property Identification Number (PIN))
Property zoning and present use: A'p ZZ7rJ/,J6'
Adjoining property zoning and use: Za ZOjjiJG_',
Has a Master Development Plan been submitted for this project?
Yes V--- No
If yes, has the final MDP been approved by the Board of
Supervisors?
Yes_ No
What was the MDP title? .J -7i- 72 lf -
Does the plat contain any changes from the approved MDP?
Yes No_11-1"
If yes, specify what changes:
Minimum Lot Size (smallest lot)
Number and types of housing units in this development:
Number Z j
Types tS//JC�C�-iyj/
OJ
FINAL PLAT CHECKLIST
The subdivider shall be required to submit a deed of dedication, a
copy of all covenants and restrictions, an estimate of all public
improvements, all required guaranties for improvements and all
final plats to the Subdivision Administrator. All final plats
shall be drawn to a scale acceptable to the Subdivision
Administrator. The following checklist is provided to assist the
applicant in insuring that all required information is provided.
The form must be completed and submitted with the application and
other required subdivision materials. If any of the items listed
below are not included with the materials submitted, your
application will not be considered complete and will not be
accepted for filing. Check with the planning staff if you feel
some element on the list does not apply to your situation. All
plats shall contain the following information:
title ('Final Subdivision Plat for��je��/
f page number and total pages on each page.
vicinity map (scale of one to two thousand (1:2,000)]
showing all roads, properties and subdivisions within one
thousand (1,000) feet of the subdivision.
written and graphic scale.
�- day, month and year plan prepared and revised.
North arrow.
parcel identification number (PIN) of parent tract.
name of Magisterial District in which subdivision is
located.
zoning and use of all land to be subdivided and all
adjoining land.
boundary survey of all lots, parcels and rights-of-way
showing bearings to the nearest degree, minute and second
and listing distances to the nearest one-hundredth
(1/100) of a foot.
names of owners of all adjoining properties and deed book
and page number references for each adjoining parcel.
area of each lot and parcel, the total area of the
subdivision and the total area in lots.
13
location and area of each parcel of common open space and
the total area of common open space.
[,-" location, names and right-of-way widths of existing and
planned roads, streets and shared private driveways
adjacent to and on the property.
1/� existing or proposed utilities, utility easements and
other easements with dimensions and location.
✓ existing and proposed drainage easements with dimensions
and locations.
�- location of floodplain limits.
location of all land to be dedicated or reserved for
public use.
location of required setback lines on each lot.
location of proposed recreational areas,
location of proposed buffers.
location and description of monuments and markers.
location of any grave, object or structure marking a
place of burial on the land to be subdivided.
certification by a registered engineer or surveyor
qualified to practice in the State of Virginia, verifying
the accuracy of the plat.
signature of the owner, proprietors or trustees
certifying ownership of the property and that the
subdivision is with their free consent and desires.
a notary statement certifying the signature of the owner,
proprietors or trustees.
y signature lines for the Subdivision Administrator and
relevant reviewing agencies.
statement listing all requirements and conditions placed
on the land included in the subdivision resulting from
approval of conditional zoning or a conditional use
permit.
14
� �'� Ili �. ,� 1 _�, •`.
11 A%
1
ti �1 rlt VIgM)Y AIM
e �.• 1 `-',•:' i,. 1 SCALE: I•=2000• /==:_: •,t,. �{,-�• Y /
APPROVEP BY e
Frederick County Sanitation Authority Date
Planning Commission Date
Subdivision Administrator
Date
Vhgklia Department of Transportation �' Date i 2
OWNERS' CONSENT
The above and foregoing subdivision of the land of LESTER A. ELLIOTT, ,I4 ESTATE k CARUN
L. SAWN. ET UX, as appears in the accompanying plat, is with the free consent and in accordance
with the desires of rhe undersigned owners, proprietors, and trustees, if any.
r
NOTARY PUBLIC
.�irtl772 , a Notary Public in and for the state of Virginia, at large, do certify that
kCl,tl L. /tt rna
whose names
are signed to the foregoing Owners' Consent, have
acknowledged the some before me in my state.
Given under my hand this 9 dayof_Ld 1995.
My commission expirea Zz - 3ec%l / 9 7.
SURVEYOR'S CERTIFICATE
1 hereby certify that the land contained in this subdivision is a portion of the land
conveyed to LESTER A. ELLIOTT, £T UX and CARL/N L. SMITH, ET UX by deed dated 13 May 1973
and the LESTER A. ELUOTT , ET UX land has been devised to the LESTER A. ELLIOTT, W. ESTATE
by will probated 15 February 1991, as recorded kr the Office of the perk of the Circuit Court
of Frederick County, Virginia In Deed Book 410 of Page 539 and in fWTf Book 100 at Page 1713
respectively.
Douglas . Legge, L.S.
TM 54 ((A)) Pcl 1
Zoned.- RP
Current Use: Vacant
Proposed Use: Single Famdy Residential
H OP
PST
Ptot: 1orPLAr.dwg
!!!I
DATE: 12 June 1995
A
Final Subdivision Plat
for
STAR FORT
Section I
Stonewall Magisterial District
Frederick Count , Vir into
Cover Sheet Sheet I or 6
MARSH & LEGGE
Land Surveyor-, P.L.C.
139 North Cemeran Street Winchester. Vhvtnls 22501
(705) 667-0468 ro.. (70!) 667-0469
Curve Table
CURVE
I RADIUS
LENCIN I
rANCENT I
CHORD
I 6 ARING I
DELTA
Cl
2030.00
477.78
240.00
476.68
N204905 E
1J2906
C2
2370.00
227.27
113.72
227.18
N71'19 42 E
05'29'40"
CJ
55.00
148.24
242.31
f07.
506'31'49"W
164-2522"
C4
35.00
47.13
27.92
43.6
547.09 41 W
77179 38
C5
55.00
111.29
87.91
9J. 25
N10'42 45 W
11556 14
C6
55.00
36.94
19.20
36.25
N66 -29,56E
3819 08
C7
2J70.00
53.53
26.77
53. SJ
N09'13 42 E
01'17 39
C8
2370.00
78.84
J9.42
78.83
N10 -49'42E
Of *54'21
C9
2370.00
78.84
39.42
78.83
N1244 04 E
0154 21
C10
2370.00
16.06
8.03
16.06
N13525J E
007318
C11
2030.00
24.40
12.20
24.40
'E0041
N1475 12
19
C12
2030.00
78.64
39.33
78.64
N15 -5226 "E
02'13li
C73
2030.00
78.64
39.33
78.64
N1805 37 E
0273 11
C14
2030.00
78.64
j9.jj,
78.64
N20'18 48 E
02'13'1
C15
2030.00
78.64
39.33
76.64
N2131 59 E
0273 11
C76
2030.00
78.64
39.33
78.64
N24'45 10 E
0273,11-
27311C17
C17
2030.00
60.16
30.08
60.16
N26 42 42 E
01'4133
Area Summary
Area in Lots
7.4184 Acres
Area in R/W
0.1529 Acres
Total Area Subdivided
7.5713 Acres
Number of Lots
21
Average Lot Size
15,388 Sq. Ft.
MINIMUM SETBACK REQUIREMENTS.
Front Yard Setback 35'
Side Yard Setback = 15'
Rear Yard Setbacks 25'
Iron rods set at all property corners.
All lots are single family detached - traditional.
All lots are subject to a 10' Slope & Drainage
Easement along all rights-of-way and a 10'
Utility & Drainage Easement along all property lines.
t H
J.Y
0 LAS C. L Z
0 CERTIFICATE NO. -
0 1197 a,
Plot. 201PLAT.dwg
STAR FORT ry Section I
DATE: 12 June 1995 1 Curve Table I Sheet 2 of 6
MAMH & LEGGE
,err Ltutti Surveyors. P.L.C.
199 North Cameron Street Wixheeter, Vbvfnes 22601
�/ (701) M7-04611 rax (703) Ger-Dias
MINIMUM SETBACK REQUIREMEWS.•
Front Yard Setback 35'
Side Yard Setback = 15'
Rear Yard Setback 25'
Iron rods set at all property comers.
All lots are single family detached — traditional.
All lots are subject to a 10' Slope & Drainage
Easement along all rights—of—way and a 10'
Utility & Drainage Easement along all property lines.
im
ZUUUGLAS G. LLUGUZ
0 CERTIFICATE NO.
U 1197 3.
STAR FORT ru
GRAPHIC SCALE
0 30 60 t20
f inch — 60 ft.
Ptak 201PLA r.
Section -T
12 June 1995
Scale: 1'-60'
1 Sheet 3 of 6
6,659 Sq. Ft.
rhes
(Hereby Dedicated to A
Countyofrrederkk
j sa
USe cO'• se��C,
for roaddening)
P.L.C.
t
r�
N�h C'
Wbmhester. Vtrytnte 22601
(703) 667-0466
row (70-4) 667-0469
C3 i
Lot 1
n C4 ���
15, 566 Sq. Ft.
/
C6/
es
z r"� Lot
I
\
z\'
O
�,
CS L — t5.377 Sq. Ft. 7
b'
_
fo N8175_08rW —
/ a�
1
Id/
CV
Lot 3
j6e
w 4
f 1 15,609 Sq. Ft.
L
a
*.J9
Lot 4-
C2
15,727 Sq. Ft.
/ O
o
— —vi v
N2ey—
—�--J
C9 y /
P) i Lot 5- -
°
15,4J6 Sq. Ft.
l W
A/
le,,16,
J
Lot 6
(sEE SHEET 4 OF 6)
MINIMUM SETBACK REQUIREMEWS.•
Front Yard Setback 35'
Side Yard Setback = 15'
Rear Yard Setback 25'
Iron rods set at all property comers.
All lots are single family detached — traditional.
All lots are subject to a 10' Slope & Drainage
Easement along all rights—of—way and a 10'
Utility & Drainage Easement along all property lines.
im
ZUUUGLAS G. LLUGUZ
0 CERTIFICATE NO.
U 1197 3.
STAR FORT ru
GRAPHIC SCALE
0 30 60 t20
f inch — 60 ft.
Ptak 201PLA r.
Section -T
12 June 1995
Scale: 1'-60'
1 Sheet 3 of 6
MARSH
& LEGGE
fmmd r-1
Land Surveyors,
P.L.C.
t
139 North Cetneron street
Wbmhester. Vtrytnte 22601
(703) 667-0466
row (70-4) 667-0469
IX
Lot 5
(SEE SHEET 3 OF 6)
Cf0 % �
18-9
Lot 6
t,5,0.25 Sq. Ft.SO
�* Lot 7 7
15, 000 Sq. Ft. � o
116r N75552g l al
h/ l `�g550
O =
Lot 8 ^ �,
t1 15,212 Sq. Ft.
` `
12
1a� Lot 9
15, 533 Sq. Ft. O
J
J
Lot 10 J-7
15,909 Sq. Ft.
Lot 11
(SEE SHEET 5 or 6)
MIN/MUM SETBACK REOVIREMENTS.-
Front Yard Setback 35'
Side Yard Setback 15'
Rear Yard,Setback = 25' Lot 12
ron rods set at a// property corners.
All lots ore single family detached — traditional.
all lots are subject to a 10' Slope do Drainage
Easement along all rights—of--woy and a 10'
Utility do Drainage Easement along all property lines.
PS S H o;"`
L
STAR FORT rNa
GRAPHIC SCALE
0 JO 60 f20
1 inch — 60 (1.
Plot: 201PLAT.
Section I
0 CERTIFICATE NO!
U 1197 a _ 'GATE: 12 June 1995 Scale: 1"=60' Sheet 4 of ti
MARSH H
& LEGGE
Land Surveyors, P.LC.
f
i39 HUFth lC4nWFUn SUM
PIQwhmef, Ytritni/ zzwI
./
(M) 667-0466
Fox (703) 667-0169
1 Lot 10
(SEE SHEET 4 OF 6)
rte\
14
/ Lot 11
L ` 16, 511 Sq. Ft. �3
C1 C15
Lot 12
ti
16,176 Sq. Ft.
\
C16
! Lot 13
/ \
15,668 Sq. Ft. %
c17
�� /4`� / \ � \ \ J m gyp• �
Lot 14 Q
,lb'�� \ \ 15,J48 Sq. Ft. O
,.A) Lot 15 �,
15,000 Sq. Ft. ] y°►
\ ! A) J
�,so,
Lot 16 `
15, 000 Sq. Ft. \ 17
MINIMUM SE70ACK REQUIREMENTS:
Front Yard Setback .i5'
Side Yard Setback = JS'
Lot 17 / Rear Yard Setback = 25'
(SEE SHEET B OF 6)
GRAPHIC SCALE
Iron rods set at al!r ° J0 9 110
p operty corners. ��— �_,
A# lots ore single family detached - traditional
AN lots ore subject to a 10' Slope dr Drainage 1 inch - 60 ft.
Easement along all rights-of-way and a 10'
Utility do Drainage Easement along all property lines.
Plot. 201PLA r. dwo
ALT H OF
STAR FORT � Section I
O CERTIFICATE NtS.
�, DATE: 12 June 1995
U 1197 Scale Sh
1"=6p' eel
MARSH & LEGGE
Land Surveyors, P.L.C.
198 North Cameron Street Wftwhester. Vbvtnla 22601
(M) 667-0464 r- (70J) 667-0469
Lot 16
"tom (SEE SHEET 5 OF 6)
o � i sai
O / �
Lot 17 \ '
15, 000 Sq. Ft. 7
w �k�
Lot 18
?� \
15,000 Sq. Ft.
/
.•sa.
Lot 19
ti
15, 000 Sq. Ft. i
til �t Lo t 20
15, 000 Sq. Ft.
Lot 21 o
15, 000 Sq.
GRAPHIC SCALE
0 30 so t20
20• R} Sf �`•R sO J
fgSZrM 1 inch = 60 rt..
Plat: 101PLA r dwq
PST H Op
fyT
MINIMUM SE78ACK REQUIREMENTS:
fq
Np
Front Yard Setback 35'
Side Yard Setback 15'
yy
Rear Yard Setback 25'
!
Iron rods set at a// property corners.
���,�JJ
GIAS .`
All lots are single family detached — traditional.
393Dm�; �S
All lots are subject to a 10' Slope do Drainage
O CERTIFICATE N4�N0 Z
U 1197 DATE:
Easement along all rights—of—way and a 10'
Scale: t"=60'
Utility & Drainage Easement along all property fines.
Plat: 101PLA r dwq
PST H Op
I
STAR
FORT rvi'Prf
inn
!
11 1
���,�JJ
GIAS .`
O CERTIFICATE N4�N0 Z
U 1197 DATE:
72 June 1995
Scale: t"=60'
Sheet 6 0/ 6
�'
MARSH
8 LEGGE
�q4D S �
Land Surveyors,
P.L.C.
tse North c�e,on Sheet
wlnebeeter, vvQln►s 2Mf
(M) 667-04M
Far (7W) 667-0160
COUNTY of FREDERICK
Department of Planning and Development
703/665-5651
FAX 703/678-0682
MEMORANDUM
TO: Frederick County Planning Commission
FROM: Evan A. Wyatt, Planner IIL'
RE: Informal Discussion Regarding Self -Service Storage Facilities In The M-1,
Light Industrial Zoning District
DATE: October 4, 1995
Staff received a request from Mr. E. E. Bayliss, III, Vice President of D & M Mechanical
Contractors, Inc., to address the Planning Commission regarding the allowance of self-service
storage facilities in the M-1, Light Industrial District. Currently, self-service storage facilities
are permitted in the B-2, Business General District and the B-3, Industrial Transition District.
A Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Code is not assigned to this use.
Staff has included a copy of the performance standards that were created for self-service storage
facilities during the 1990 comprehensive revision to the Zoning Ordinance. These standards are
required to be implemented during the design and construction phase for any zoning district that
this use is permitted in. Staff asks that the Planning Commission review this information and
provide staff with direction for disposition of this request.
107 North Kent Street P.O. Box 601
Winchester, VA 22601 Winchester, VA 22604
D&M
Mechanical Contractors, Inc.
178 Imboden Drive
Winchester, Virginia 22603
(703) 665-0802
SEPT.19,1995
FREDERICK COUNTY ZONING DEPT.
107 N. KENT ST.
WINCHESTER, VA 22601
ATTN: WAYNE MILLER
DEAR WAYNE,
I WOULD LIKE TO REQUEST THE OPPORTUNITY TO MEET WITH YOUR
COMMITTEE ON OCT. 18, 1995 FOR AN INFORMAL DISCUSSION TO GET
YOUR GROUPS OPINIONS ON INCLUDING SELF STORAGE UNITS IN THE
M-1 ZONING. MY ONLY REQUEST AT THIS TIME IS TO "TEST THE
WATERS" AND DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE
USEAGE.
THE PROPERTY IN QUESTION IS LOCATED IN THE BAKER LANE
INDUSTRIAL PARK AND IS PRESENTLY OCCUPIED BY OUR COMPANY.
PLEASE LET ME KNOW IF A PLACE CAN BE ARRANGED FOR ME ON
YOUR AGENDA. THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME.
RESPECTFULLY,
E. E. BAYLISS, III
VICE PRESIDENT
§ 165-41 FREDERICK COUNTY CODE § 165-44
A: All dogs shall be confined to secure pens or structures.
B. Where kennels are allowed, zoning district separation buffers and
screens. Category C as described by this chapter, shall be provided in
relation to surrounding properties containing residential uses. .
§ 165-42 Operation of slaughterhouses and rendering plants.10
A. It shall be unlawful to operate any slaughterhouse. abattoir, rendering
plant or establishment where animals or fowl, dead or alive, are
processed or where food or feed is manufactured or processed, unless
such place or establishment is maintained and operated in a clean and
sanitary manner at all times.
B. Such establishments shall be so constructed and maintained as to
effectively control the entrance of insects and rodents. The doors.
windows and other openings thereof shall be fitted with screen doors
and wire window screens of not coarser than 14 -gauge mesh.
C. The word "slaughterhouse." as used in this section. shall not be
construed to prohibit persons who are actually farmers from killing _
their own cattle, sheep, swine, goats and fowl for their own family use.
§ 165-43. Motor vehicle service uses and public garages.
All motor vehicle service uses and public garages shall meet the following
requirements:
A- All repair shall take place entirely within an enclosed structure.
B. All exterior storage of parts and equipment shall be screened from view
of surrounding properties by an opaque fence or screen at least five (5)
feet in height. This fence or screen shall be adequately maintained.
§ 165-44. Self-service storage facilities.
Where allowed, self-service storage facilities shall meet the following
requirements.
10Ed, s Mote: added at time of adc)Mw of coat we ch. 1, General Provoom an. U.
16566 f
§ 165.44
ZONING § 1.65.45
A. Only personal property associated with household use shall be stored
in self-service storage facilities.
B. Materials stored shall not be used or sold within the self-service storage
facility. No commercial activities of any kind shall occur within the
facility. No repair of vehicles, furniture or other materials or equipment
shall occur within the facility. Signs shall be posted within the facility
describing such limitations.
C. No storage of hazardous, toxic or explosive materials shall occur in the
self-service storage facility. Signs shall be posted within the facility
describing such limitations.
D. The maximum size of any individual storage space or unit in a self-
seroce storage facility shall be five hundred (500) square feet.
E. The self-service storage facility, including loading areas and all storage
areas, shall be totally enclosed by structures or by a six -foot -high
opaque wall or fence. Such fences shall be set back at least six (6) feet
from property boundaries. Landscaping shall be provided in such
setback areas. including trees and shrubs.
F. All storage shall be within an enclosed structure. The Zoning
Administrator may allow the storage of personal vehicles associated
with household use within areas enclosed by the fence or wall.
G. For storage units that open to the outdoors, a twenty -foot -deep loading
aisle or space shall be provided adjacent to each unit. Such loading
aisles shall be separate from driveways used for internal circulation.
H. Before a site plan is approved for a self-service storage facility, a copy
of the lease agreement shall be submitted to the Zoning Administrator
for review and approval to ensure that the limitations described in this
section have been included in the lease agreement.
§ 165-45. Temporary trailers.
A. Temporary trailers shall be allowed as a part of construction projects.
However, they shall not be used for residential purposes. In addition.
temporary trailers shall be removed before a final certificate of
occupancy is issued for the use under construction. All such trailers
.,h„,I ,^'eet applicable requirements of the Frederick County Code. in
16567
COUNTY of FREDERICK
Department of Planning and Development
703/665-5651
FAX 703/678-0682
TO: Planning Commission Members
FROM: Kris C. Tierney, Deputy Planning Director y
RE: Informal Discussion, Master Development Plan
DATE: October 6, 1995
Attached is a letter from Steve Gyurisun, of G.W. Clifford and Associates, Inc., requesting an
informal discussion with the Commission regarding a proposed Master Development Plan for 54
single family dwellings.
The property to be developed is located at the intersection of Valley Mill and Greenwood Road. The
parcel is zoned RP as are all the adjoining parcels with the exception of the land across Greenwood
Road, which is still zoned RA.
107 North Kent Street P.O. Box 601
Winchester, VA 22601 Winchester, VA 22604
10/05/1995 11:22 5406650493 G W CLIFFORD & ASSOC PAGE 02
gitbert w. cIi f ford & associates, inc.
200 North Cameron Street • Winchester, Virginia 22601
540-667-2139 + Fax: 544-665-0493
October 5, 1995
Mr. Charles S. DeHaven, Jr., Chairman
Frederick County Planning Commission
107 North Kent Street
Winchester, Virginia 22601
RE: Hill Valley Master Development Plan
Northwest corner of Valley Mill Road and Greenwood Road
Shawnee Magisterial District
Dear Mr. Deflaven:
We would like the opportunity to informally discuss the Hill Valley
Master Development Plan with the Planning Commission on October 18,
1995. This project consists of 54 single family homes and is planned
with anticipated future road improvement needs. This plan has been
before the Technical Review Committee (TRC) with no major design or
technical review comments. Additionally, following the TRC meeting,
the plan was sent on September 19, 1995 to all technical review
agencies for comment. As of this date we have received written review
comments from the Frederick County Sanitation Authority, the
Frederick County Fire Marshal and the Frederick County Parks and
Recreation Department.
We would welcome the opportunity to meet with you so that we can
inform the Planning Commission of the planning concepts associated
with this project. Thank you.
Sincerely,
gilbert w. clifford and associates, inc.
St(
0►
COUNTY of FREDERICK
Department of Planning and Development
703/665-5651
FAX 703/678-0682
MEMORANDUM
TO: Frederick County Planning Commission
FROM: Evan A. Wyatt, Planner H
RE: Informal Discussion For Hardee's Restaurant/Mobile Oil Convenience Center
Site Plan
DATE: October 6, 1995
Mr. Stephen M. Gyurisin, of Gilbert W. Clifford & Associates, has requested an opportunity
to present a preliminary site development plan to the Planning Commission during the October
18 meeting. As you know, the Planning Commission approved a Conditional Use Permit for
this project on October 4, 1995. One of the conditions of this permit was for a formal review
of the site plan by the Planning Commission.
Mr. Gyurisin is interested in receiving input from the Planning Commission regarding site
aesthetics and architectural design at this time, which will be incorporated into the final site
plan. It should be noted that this project has been presented to the Frederick County Technical
Review Committee (TRC) for design recommendation; however, a formal site plan has not been
provided to Frederick County for review agency comment at this time. Staff will be glad to
present the final site plan to the Planning Commission for review and approval once a formal
review has been accomplished by all appropriate agencies, including the City of Winchester.
107 North Kent Street P.O. Box 601
Winchester, VA 22601 Winchester, VA 22604
gilbert w. Clifford & associates, inc.
200 North C. n ffm Strmt * i"1010ter, Virginia 22601
540-667-2139 * Fax: 540-665.0493
October S, 1995
Mr. Charles S. Deffaven, Jr., Chairman
Frederick County Planning Commission
107 .North Kent Street
Winchester, Virginia 22601
RE: Hardee's - Mobile Development Plan
Route So West
Back Creek Magisterial District
Dear Mr. DeHaven:
we would like the opportunity to present the above referenced Site
Development Plan with the Planning Commission on October IS, 1995.
This project consists of the proposed Hardee"s Restaurant/Mobil Oil
Convenience Center Conditional Use Permit recently discussed and
approved by the Planning Commission. This plan has been before the
Technical Review Committee (TRC) twice with no major design or
technical review comments.
In accord with your instructions we will present
Plan for your review. Thank you in advance
present our plan before the Planning Commission.
Sincerely,
Silbert w. Clifford and associates, ine.
Mr. Bob ''Watkins
Mr. Bob Brown
the Site Development
for the opportunity to