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NON -IONIZING RADIATION HAZARD ASSESSMENT BY
CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS
Proposed 120' Height Telecommunications Tower
Located on Route 11, Martinsburg Pike
Winchester, Virginia
Prepared For
AT&T Corporation
December 2008
19700 Janelia Farm Boulevard. - Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA - 703.726.5500 - Fax 703.726.5597
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1 introduction and Background
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background
SECTION 2 Methodology and Results
SECTION 3 Conclusions
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
1.1 Introduction
The purpose of this report is to document the results of radio frequency (RF) power
density calculations performed on behalf of the AT&T Corporation by Comsearch. The
calculations were performed to define the RF radiation conditions at a proposed 120'
height telecommunications tower to be located at an existing AT&T facility on Route 11,
Martinsburg Pike, in Winchester, Virginia. The purpose of this study is to provide the
analysis required by the local Zoning Ordinances to obtain a Conditional Use Permit for
the proposed telecommunication tower.
The calculated power density levels presented in this report have been compiled for the
purpose of evaluating the proposed site's compliance with the most recent human exposure
guidelines for radio frequency radiation as adopted by the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC). The guidelines referenced by the FCC are intended to apply to both
occupational (workers at the site) exposures as well as general public exposures to radio
frequency radiation. Therefore, the data presented in this report can be used to determine
potential non -ionizing radiation hazards, which may affect persons working at or living near
this facility.
1.2 Background
The possible adverse effects from exposure to nor. -ionizing (radio frequency) radiation has
become a growing concern in recent years. In light of this concern, research by several
organizations has shown that exposure to high levels of RF radiation can be harmful. This
research has concluded that the ability of RF energy to heat biological tissues rapidly is one
concern deserving attention. It has been shown that the extent of the biological heating is
dependent upon several factors including the following:
A) Specific radiated frequency
B) Size, shape, and orientation of the exposed object
C) Duration of exposure to RF radiation
D) Surrounding environmental conditions
E) Efficiency of heat dissipation
These factors along with other health considerations concerning human exposure to RF
radiation prompted the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to consider its
responsibility in developing policies controlling RF radiation emissions from FCC licensed
and regulated facilities.
Following several public notices and inquiries to other government agencies, the
Commission determined that a FCC regulated facility should be required to comply with
established guidelines concerning the potential biological effects and hazards of RF
radiation. Therefore, the FCC issued a report in March of 1985 that in effect amended the
Commission's rules and provided for an environmental analysis in regard to human
exposure to RF radiation. The exposure guidelines for the FCC radiation policy were
placed in effect on January 1, 1986.
On August 1, 1996, the Federal Communications Commission issued a Report and Order
(FCC 96-326) amending the Commission's rules to adopt new guidelines for evaluating the
environmental effects of radio frequency (RF) radiation from FCC -regulated transmitters.
And, these guidelines were restated in their Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) NO.
03 —137 released four years ago and which is now in effect. In R&O (FCC 96-326), the
FCC identified two reports developed by different agencies: the first from the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI) which adopted guidelines from the Institute of Electrical
and Electronic Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) to formulate ANSI/IEEE (C95.1-1992), and the
second from the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP)
which formulated NCRP Report No. 86 (1986).
The FCC has adopted limits for maximum permissible exposure generally based on the
exposure guidelines set forth in NCRP Report No. 86 (1986). In the frequency range from
100 MHz to 1500 MHz, exposure limits for field strength and power density are also
generally based on those contained in the ANSI/IEEE report (C95.1-1992). These
guidelines were chosen because they are scientifically based, widely accepted, and
applicable to the general population as well as to workers. The currently adopted FCC
standard establishes exposure limits for controlled as well as uncontrolled environments.
Controlled environments are locations where there is exposure that may be incurred by
persons who are aware of the potential for exposure as a circumstance of employment or
by other cognizant persons. Uncontrolled environments are locations where there is the
exposure of individuals who have no knowledge or control over their exposure. Compliance
to the FCC's RF radiation policy is generally through a process of self -certification. There
will be 2 transmitting stations on the proposed tower on the property. The power density
calculations performed in this report take into account and aggregates all of transmitting
antennas in determining the power density levels.
The FCC MPE limit for uncontrolled areas for transmitting systems varies from 0.2 to
1 mW/cm2 for the frequency range of operation of the transmitting antennas. These limits
are outlined in Table 1 and graphically represented in Figure 1 of this report.
For additional information, please see FCC Office of Engineering and Technology (OET)
Bulletin #65 (Edition 97-01) at: www.fcc.gov/oet/rfsafety, which provides full details
regarding FCC guidelines for human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields.
Table 1 Limits for Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE)
(A) Limits for Occupational/Controlled Exposure
Frequency
Electric Field
Magnetic Field
Power
Averaging
Range
Strength (E)
Strength (H)
Density
Time
(MHz)
(V/m)
(A/m)
(S)
JE 12, IH 12 or S
mW/cm2
minutes
0.3-3.0
614
1.63
(100y
6
3.0-30
1842/f
4.89/f
(900/f')-
6
30-300
61.4
0.163
1.0
6
300-1500
--
--
f/300
6
1500-100,0
--
--
5
6
00
(B) Limits for General Population/Uncontrolled Exposure
Frequency
Electric Field
Magnetic Field
Power
Averaging
Range
Strength (E)
Strength (H)
Density
Time
(MHz)
(V/m)
(A/m)
(S)
JE 12, IH 12 or S
mW/cm2
minutes
0.3-1.34
614
1.63
(100)-
30
1.34-30
824/f
2.19/f
180/ *
30
30-300
27.5
0.073
0.2
30
300-1500
--
--
f/1500
30
1500-100,0
--
--
1.0
30
00
f = frequency in MHz
power density
*Plane -wave equivalent
NOTE 1: Occupational/controlled limits apply in situations in which persons are exposed
as a consequence of their employment provided those persons are fully aware of the
potential for exposure and can exercise control over their exposure. Limits for
occupational/controlled exposure also apply in situations when an individual is transient
through a location where occupational/controlled limits apply provided he or she is made
aware of the potential for exposure.
NOTE 2: General population/uncontrolled exposures apply in situations in which the
general public may be exposed, or in which persons that are exposed as a consequence of
their employment may not be fully aware of the potential for exposure or cannot exercise
control over their exposure.
FCC Limits for Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE)
Plane -Wave Equivalent Power Density
�,Oa0
Occupational/ Controlled Exposure
N - - - General Population/ Uncontrolled.Exposure
100
4
4
..`', 10 \
� 5 �
� 4
A �
G� 1
O r
a k r
0.2
Q
n3 t 3 3b :00 f 3, 000 30,000 � 300, 070
134 Frequency (MHz) 1 -M 100,000
Figure 1 FCC Limits for Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE)
SECTION 2
METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS
The methods used for the calculations and analysis in this radiation safety effort are those
described in the FCC Office of Science and Technology (OET) Bulletin No. 65, "Evaluating
Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic
Fields, Revision 97-01," August 1997. The FCC adopted limits for the maximum permissible
exposure for areas occupied by personnel in their R&O (FCC 96-326) released 1 August
1996.
To carry out the calculations, the parameters for the transmitting systems were taken from
the FCC license applications and as recorded in the FCC and Comsearch databases.
There is 1 communication tower located on proposed site. Table 2 contains the data for
the transmitting systems on the tower. For this project the transmit power, antenna
characteristics, antenna center -line, and system frequency of operation are listed in the
data tables as these parameters are used in the calculations.
Table 2 Tower 1 Transmit Systems
Frequency of Operation
5925 — 6425 MHz and
10700 — 11700 MHz
Transmit Power
1 Watt
Antenna Type
Parabolic
Antenna Dimension
1.83 meters
Antenna Gain off Axis (in direction
of the ground)
1032-25*10ge > 1
Height of Antennas Above Ground
23.77 meters
Using the data in Tables 2 and the following formulas, the power density was calculated at
the ground location directly under the proposed antennas.
Wd(n) =0. 1 *Pt *G(0)n/(4fI)*Rn2
And,
Pd = EWd(n)
Where,
1%Vd(n) = Radiated power density at the calculation point (point of interest) from each
transmitting microwave station (There are two and they are co -located,
milliWat+/cM2
Pd = Summation of the power densities from the transmitting microwave stations
at the calculation point (point of interest), milliWatt/cm2
Pt = Transmit power of each microwave station system, 1 Watt
Gn(0) = Gain of the microwave station antenna in the direction of the calculation point
at the base of the tower (point of interest) = 1032-25.1090 1
Rn = Distance to the calculation point (point of interest) from each of the microwave
station antennas, 21.77 meters (Height of a person's head 2 meters above
ground) Closest point maximum level will occur at head height.
0.1 = Factor that converts Watts/meter2 to milliWatts/cm2
n = Point of interest (1 - 2)
Based on the above identified parameters, the resulting radiated power density levels are:
Wd = 1.68x10-6 milliWatts/cm2
Pd(2) = 3.36 x10-6 milliWatts/cm2
SECTION 3
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the calculations performed above the radiated power density levels are far
below the standard and will not exceed the FCC MPE Limit safety criteria for either
controlled or uncontrolled areas at the base of the proposed 120' height antenna.
Therefore, no harmful radiation hazard will exist to either workers or the general public
as a result of the proposed system.