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PCWorkSessionAgenda2026June9
Work Session Call to Order Discussion Item(s) Conditional Use Permit #03-26 for Winchester Gateway LLC Submitted to establish a data center on +/- 71.85-acres of M1 (Light Industrial) zoned property. The property is located at the intersection of Apple Valley Road (Route 652) and Middle Road (Route 628) and is bounded by Route 37 to the west and is identified by Property Identification Number (PIN) 63-A-80I in the Back Creek Magisterial District. Adjourn AGENDA PLANNING COMMISSION TUESDAY, JUNE 9, 2026 6:00 PM THE BOARD ROOM FREDERICK COUNTY ADMINISTRATION BUILDING WINCHESTER, VIRGINIA PC06-09-26ApplicationBriefing_CUP03-26_Redacted.pdf PC06-09-26ApplicationBriefing_CUP03-26_Ph1ArcheologicalSurvey.pdf 1 Planning Commission Agenda Item Detail Meeting Date: June 9, 2026 Agenda Section: Discussion Item(s) Title: Conditional Use Permit #03-26 for Winchester Gateway LLC Attachments: PC06-09-26ApplicationBriefing_CUP03-26_Redacted.pdf PC06-09-26ApplicationBriefing_CUP03-26_Ph1ArcheologicalSurvey.pdf 2 CONDITIONAL USE PERMIT #03-26 Winchester Gateway LLC (Data Center) Staff Report for the Planning Commission Prepared: May 29, 2026 Staff Contact: M. Tyler Klein, AICP, Senior Planner Executive Summary: Meeting Schedule Planning Commission: June 9, 2026 Planning Commission: July 1, 2026 Action: Work Session Action: Public Hearing Board of Supervisors: August 12, 2026 Action: Public Hearing Property Information Property Identification Number (PIN) 63-A-80I Address Apple Valley Road & Middle Road Magisterial District Back Creek Acreage +/- 71.85-acres Zoning & Present Land Use Zoning: M1 (Light Industrial) Land Use: Vacant Adjoining Property Zoning & Present Land Use North: RA (Rural Areas) Land Use: Church/Residential/Agricultural South: M1 (Light Industrial) Land Use: Warehouse/Distribution East: RP (Residential Performance) Land Use: Residential (single-family detached) West: RA/Route 37 Land Use: Vacant/Arterial Roadway Proposed Use This is a request for a conditional use permit (CUP) to establish a data center campus on property zoned M1 (Light Industrial). Positives Concerns The existing zoning of the property (M1) aligns with the planned future land use contained in the Comprehensive Plan, “industrial,” as does the proposed conditional use, “data center.” The proposal further aligns with area plan policies (“Shady Elm Economic Development Area”) and with the The facility is proposed in areas identified as “core battlefield” and listed as Second Kernstown (VA116) Core Area, the First Kernstown (VA101) Study Area, and the Second Winchester (VA107) Study Area and has the potential to impact significant historic and cultural resources in the project vicinity. 3 Page 2 of 15 County’s Economic Development Authority’s (EDA) targeted industries. The proposed use is expected to result in a substantial reduction in traffic impacts to the transportation network compared to the other heavy traffic uses, permitted in the M1 zoning district (for example warehousing and distribution). The proposed building height and block massing, up to 60 feet (excluding any roof top mechanical equipment) may have a significant impact on area viewsheds, particularly from neighboring historic resources (Kernstown Battlefield property) and single-family detached residences in the project vicinity. While buffers and screening, including an earthen berm, are proposed as part of the concept sketch, they may otherwise be insufficient given the proposed height of the structures. While significant electric utilities exist in the vicinity of the subject property, including existing transmission lines along Route 37, there is considerable uncertainty based on the applicants provided supporting documentation, that existing substations and overhead utilities are sufficient to provide the megawatts needed for data center facility operation. Further, the total facility megawatts needed has not been included in the application materials. Review Agency Comments: Review Agency Comment Date Comment Summary Historic Resources Advisory Board (HRAB) April 20, 2026 Following their review of this application, the HRAB recommended denial due to impacts on the historic resources identified as “core battlefield” and listed as Second Kernstown (VA116) Core Area, the First Kernstown (VA101) Study Area, and the Second Winchester (VA107) Study Area. In addition to the recommendation of denial, the HRAB further recommended the following conditions: • To reduce visual impacts either or combined with grading and building height not to exceed 45 feet inclusive of rooftop 4 Page 3 of 15 mounted equipment; as well as building design to include neutral earthtone colors and architectural features and materials in accordance with National Park Service standards; • Conduct a Phase II archaeological survey on the recommended locations identified in the Phase I survey; and no ground disturbing, including utilities development, in the areas identified in the study as 44FK-1076 and 44FK- 1077. See comment letter. Frederick Water February 19, 2026 Frederick Water is prepared to meet the site’s maximum of 35,000 GPD demand for water and sewer. Frederick Water recommends that the Board of Supervisors include a condition on the Conditional Use Permit that limits water and sewer services for the site to a maximum of 35,000 GPD (gallons per day). See comment letter. Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) February 5, 2024 VDOT has no objection to the CUP proceeding at this time. The proposed use is anticipated to result in a substantial reduction in traffic impacts to the transportation network compared to the highest and best use permitted in the M1 zoning district. Any, access, frontage improvements, or other elements involving VDOT right-of-way will be subject to detailed review during the site plan and permitting phases. FC Fire Marshal January 27, 2026 Any and all future development shall comply with applicable sections of the 5 Page 4 of 15 Frederick County Fire Prevention Code. FC Public Works 2025 No comments at this time. A comprehensive review of the stormwater management and erosion and sediment control will take place at time of site plan submittal. PC Building Inspections January 16, 2026 No comment. Planning & Zoning: Application Proposal: This conditional use permit (CUP) application seeks to develop a data center campus (+/- 805,000 square feet, three (3) buildings) on +/-71.85-acres of land zoned M1 (Light Industrial; REZ #06-23*). The subject property is located southwest of the intersection of Middle Road and Apple Valley Road, and immediately east of Route 37. *Staff notes the approved rezoning (REZ #06-23, Winchester Gateway) for the subject property contemplated potential use of the site as a data center. The approved proffer statement (revised and dated April 10, 2024) included elements to mitigate the impact of a data center or other industrial use on adjoining properties. These proffered conditions included a 200-foot-wide landscape buffer, extra screening including through an earthen berm, and noise attenuation measures including a cap on the maximum dBA generated. Following approval of the rezoning, the Zoning Ordinance (Chapter 165) was amended by the Board of Supervisors in April 2025 to modify the use allowance for data centers from a “by-right use” to a “conditional use” in the M1 zoning district and provide additional regulations for data center uses. Thus, the change to the ordinance in 2025 necessitates the applicant to apply for a conditional use permit to establish a data center on property in the M1 zoning district. Included with the application material is a concept sketch, showing the ordinance required 200- foot building setback from non-industrial properties, the general location of proposed buildings and on-site substations, stormwater management facilities, and buffers/screening. Staff notes this is conceptual in nature, and if approved, a site plan meeting all Zoning Ordinance criteria would otherwise be required to be approved by Frederick County. 6 Page 5 of 15 Staff Analysis: Certain uses in each zoning district are listed as being allowed with a conditional use permit. Because of their particular nature, such uses must be separately considered to protect the health, safety and welfare of the residents of the County and to avoid adverse impacts on surrounding properties. §165-304.02 of the Zoning Ordinance contains standards for Conditional Use Permits and states that the Planning Commission and Board shall consider the following standards when considering Conditional Use Permits: A. The conditional use shall not tend to change the character and established pattern of development of the area of the proposed use. • The existing zoning of the property is M1 (Light Industrial). To the south and southwest of the subject property, the adjoining properties are also zoned for industrial uses and include existing warehousing and distribution facilities (see map inset on the following page). The proposed data center would otherwise be compatible with these industrial uses. • To the north and northeast of the subject property, the existing zoning is RA (Rural Areas) and RP (Residential Performance) and includes existing residential (small lot single-family detached uses), institutional (church) and recreation uses (Kernstown Battlefield; see map inset below). The proposed data center could otherwise be incompatible with these uses if associated impacts are not properly mitigated. 7 Page 6 of 15 B. The conditional use shall be in harmony with and shall not adversely affect the use and enjoyment of surrounding properties. • If the proposed data center campus if not property sited, buffered, and screened, may adversely impact the adjoining properties, particularly residential uses through noise, and viewshed impacts. • Noise generated by the facility, as noted in the applications Environmental Noise Study, prepared by Salas O’Brien and dated November 24, 2025, notes: “Normal operations are expected to produce noise levels of less than 65 dB(A) during daytime hours and 60 dB(A) during nighttime hours. While these nighttime levels exceed the ambient noise levels during the quietest hours, because they are steady state they will serve to mask disturbing impulsive and short spikes in noise levels caused by large trucks and emergency vehicles.” 8 Page 7 of 15 This means the noise generated by the operation of the facility, during most hours of the day, operates at or below the maximum 65 dBA proffered with REZ #06-23 and is comparable to the baseline noise currently in the vicinity (62-64 dBA). Staff would further note the proffered dBA for the site is lower than the 70 dBA maximum allowed by the County’s Zoning Ordinance for industrial properties. • Viewshed impacts, particularly from Kernstown Battlefield, property to the northwest owned by Shenandoah Valley Battlefields Foundation (SVBF), and residential uses across Apple Valley Road, have the potentially to negatively harm surrounding properties. However, these viewshed impacts may be mitigated through building design criteria, including reduced building heights, modulation, high quality building materials, building color, and enhanced buffering and screening. C. The conditional use shall be in accord with the policies expressed in the Comprehensive Plan of the County and with the intent of this chapter. • The Comprehensive Plan (adopted November 2021) and the Kernstown Area Plan provide guidance on the future development of the subject property. The Plan identifies the subject property with a “industrial” land use designation and as being within the limits of the sewer and water service area (SWSA). Further, the subject property is within the limits of the “Shady Elm Economic Development Area,” which states: “The Shady Elm Economic Development Area is designed to be a significant area of commercial/industrial (C/I) opportunity that is fully supportive of the Frederick County Economic Development Authority’s targeted goals and strategies. The intent of the industrial designation is to further enhance the County’s C/I areas and to provide focus to the County’s future regional employment centers. In specific areas a mix of flexible uses, with office uses in prominent locations, is encouraged. Such areas are supported by substantial areas of C/I opportunity and provide for areas that are well designed with high quality architecture and site design. It is the intent of such areas to promote a strong positive community image.” The existing zoning of the property (M1) aligns with the planned land use as does the proposed conditional use, “data center,” which further aligns with area plan policies described above. D. The conditional use shall not adversely affect the natural character and environment of the County. • If the proposed data center campus is not property sited, buffered, and screened, the potential use, data center, may adversely impact the adjoining properties, particularly residential uses through noise and viewshed impacts. 9 Page 8 of 15 • Noise generated by the facility, as noted in the applications Environmental Noise Study, prepared by Salas O’Brien and dated November 24, 2025, notes: “Normal operations are expected to produce noise levels of less than 65 dB(A) during daytime hours and 60 dB(A) during nighttime hours. While these nighttime levels exceed the ambient noise levels during the quietest hours, because they are steady state they will serve to mask disturbing impulsive and short spikes in noise levels caused by large trucks and emergency vehicles.” This means the noise generated by the operation of the facility, during most hours of the day, operates at or below the maximum 65 dBA proffered with REZ #06-23 and is comparable to the baseline noise currently in the vicinity (62-64 dBA). Staff would further note the proffered dBA for the site is lower than the 70 dBA maximum allowed by the County’s Zoning Ordinance for industrial properties. • Viewshed impacts, particularly from Kernstown Battlefield, property to the northwest owned by Shenandoah Valley Battlefields Foundation (SVBF), and residential uses across Apple Valley Road, have the potentially to negatively harm surrounding properties. However, these viewshed impacts may be mitigated through building design criteria, including reduced building heights, modulation, high quality building materials, and enhanced buffering and screening. E. The conditional use permit shall be approved only if adequate facilities, roads, safe access and drainage are provided. • The proposed use is anticipated to result in a substantial reduction in traffic impacts to the transportation network (particularly along Apple Valley Road, Shady Elm Road, and Route 11) compared to other high-traffic generating uses permitted in the M1 zoning district (warehouse and distribution). Any access frontage improvements, or other elements involving VDOT right-of-way will be subject to detailed review during the site plan and permitting phases. Proffers approved with REZ #06-23 also stipulate widening of Apple Valley Road and installation of a multiuse trail along the subject property frontage. • As noted in the application, it is anticipated that power serving the facility may already exist through adjoining overhead transmission utilities along Route 37 and/or overhead facilities and nearby substations may need to be upgraded to provide service. Any upgrades would be paid for by the user of the Winchester Gateway site and full slate of any necessary improvements would be evaluated at time of operation. However, while significant electric utilities exist in the vicinity of the subject property, including existing overhead transmission lines along Route 37, there is uncertainty based on the applicants provided supporting documentation, that existing substations and overhead utilities in the vicinity are sufficient to provide the megawatts needed for data center facility operation at this location. Further, the total facility megawatts needed has not been included in the application materials. 10 Page 9 of 15 • Water/sewer infrastructure serving the site would be provided by the local public utility provider, Frederick Water. The application proposes use of a closed-loop cooling system with anticipated use of 35,000 gallons per day, or less. The use of private wells or other ground water sources is not proposed as part of this application. As noted in the Frederick Water comment letter: “The use of a closed-loop mechanical system will result in limited water consumption and sewer generation; this is a significant benefit for the proposed data center use and for Frederick Water service delivery. Closed-loop mechanical systems do not have seasonal changes in water consumption and would result in consistent daily water consumption and sewer generation year-round. Frederick Water is prepared to serve the data center’s maximum 35,000 GPD demand for water and sewer and a closed-loop mechanical system.” • Stormwater management facilities are outlined in the concept sketch included with the application facilities. Final stormwater management facility design would be complete during the site plan process and require conformance with applicable County codes and ordinances and review and approval by the County’s Public Works staff. County policy requires all stormwater captured on site to be treated (quality) and held on site (quantity) and not to runoff onto adjoining properties and roadways. F. The conditional use shall conform with all applicable regulations of the district in which it is located. • The Zoning Ordinance includes district regulations for the M1 (Light Industrial) zoning district (dimensional requirements, setbacks, and height) and additional regulations for data centers contained in §165-705.01 (2025) and included below: All data centers must meet the following requirements: A. Prior to the approval of a rezoning application or conditional use permit the following shall be provided: (1) A site assessment to examine the sound profile of the data center on residential units and schools located within 500 feet of the data center property boundary in accordance with subsection E. (2) A site assessment evaluating the effect of the proposed facility on (i) ground and surface water resources, (ii) agricultural resources, (iii) parks, (iv) registered historic sites, and (v) forestland on the data center site or immediately contiguous land. (3) Details of any new or existing substations that will be used to serve the data center and (ii) the anticipated transmission voltage required to serve the data center. B. Generator testing and cycling shall be limited to weekdays (Monday to Friday) between the hours of 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Notwithstanding the foregoing, all noise generated by any on-site generator shall comply with County Code §165-201.12. 11 Page 10 of 15 C. Mechanical Equipment. (1) Location. Ground mounted mechanical equipment shall be prohibited in the primary setback. (2) Screening. Ground mounted and roof top mechanical equipment shall be screened from public roadways and adjoining properties on all sides. a. Generators. All generators shall be enclosed with a manufacturer approved enclosure or located within the primary structure. b. Other Mechanical Equipment. An opaque screen shall be provided by either the principal building, louvered wall, or equivalent screen approved by the Zoning Administrator. The maximum height of the opaque screen should correspond to the tallest piece of equipment being shielded from view. D. Setback & Screening Requirements. (1) Structures must be set back at least 200 feet from the common property line when adjoining land is zoned RA, RP, R4, R5 & MH1. Otherwise, the base zoning district dimensional standards shall apply. (2) A category C full screen type buffer shall be provided around the perimeter of the property. If the adjoining property is zoned B3, TM, M1, or M2, no buffer is required. E. Noise and Noise Monitoring. (1) The applicant shall submit an Environmental Noise Impact Assessment prepared by a qualified full member of the Acoustical Society of America (ASA), a member of the Institute of Noise Control Engineering (INCE), or a member of the National Association of Acoustical Consultants (NCAC). The purpose of such noise impact assessment, modeled in SoundPLAN, CadnaA, or accepted equivalent, shall model anticipated noise levels as a result of facility operation and establish a baseline noise level prior to approval of a rezoning or conditional use permit. (2) A noise study certifying noise levels shall be conducted 12-months after the issuance of the first Certificate of Occupancy (CO) and every five (5) years thereafter. Each noise study shall be submitted for review to the Zoning Administrator and/or his/her designee to assess the actual impact of the completed project. a. The measurement of sound or noise pursuant to this section shall be as follows: 1. The measurement of sound or noise shall be made with a Type 1 or Type 2 sound level meter which meet the standards prescribed in ANSI S1.4:2014, “Specification for Sound Level Meters.” The instruments shall be maintained in calibration and good working order. A minimum of three (3) sound level readings shall be taken. The average of these readings will be used as the average sound level. If the background noise is equal to the 12 Page 11 of 15 levels set forth in this section, three (3) dB shall be subtracted out of the average sound level. 2. The slow meter response of the sound level meter shall be used to determine that the average amplitude has not exceeded the dBA readings or the limiting noise spectra set forth in this section. 3. Unless otherwise specified, the measurement shall be taken at the property boundary on which such noise is generated. b. Any additions, alterations, or expansion of a facility or its equipment shall require a new noise impact assessment to be submitted and approved by the Zoning Administrator. c. If the post construction noise study exceeds the maximum noise level permitted, additional noise mitigation strategies, improvements, or operational changes shall be required. (3) Any equipment necessary for cooling, ventilating, or otherwise operating the facility, including power generators or other power supply equipment on the Property, whether ground-mounted or roof-mounted, shall include the following noise mitigation elements: a. Low noise emission fans. b. Acoustic wraps for compressors and oil separators; and c. An acoustic perimeter, which may include a perimeter around a group of individual chillers, which may be louvered or solid. d. Other sound attenuation measures as approved by the Zoning Administrator. The Owner shall provide documentation, in the form of technical specifications, photographs, and/or engineered plans, of the above mitigation measures contained in (2) with each building permit for a data center building on the Property and shall further provide documentation that such measures have been installed concurrently with each occupancy. • The owner will be required to submit a site plan (§165-307) prior to the establishment of the use, certifying conformity with all Frederick County Zoning Ordinance Requirements. Site plans are reviewed by applicable County (Inspections, Public Works, Planning, Fire Marshal) and outside agencies (VDOT, Frederick Water) and require approval by the Zoning Administrator. Recommendation: In granting a conditional use permit, the Board of Supervisors may place appropriate conditions on the permit (§165-304.02(C)). The Board of Supervisor may impose conditions including but not limited to noise, lighting, landscaping, building height and/or hours of operations. 13 Page 12 of 15 Should the Planning Commission find the use to be appropriate, staff would suggest the following conditions of approval for the CUP: 1. Historic Resources: a. A Phase II Archeological Survey shall be performed for Site 44FK1076 (David Glass, Sr. homestead) and Site 44FK1077 identified in the Phase I Archeological Survey of the Apple Valley Road Tract – Final Report prepared by The Ottery Group and dated August 2023. b. A copy of the final Phase II Archeological Survey shall be provided to the Frederick County Planning and Development prior to site plan approval c. No land disturbing activities, including grading and/or above or below ground utilities, shall occur within the features identified in the Phase I Archeological Survey of the Apple Valley Road Tract – Final Report prepared by The Ottery Group and dated August 2023 as Site 44FK1076 (David Glass, Sr. homestead) and Site 44FK1077. These features shall be clearly delineated on the site plan as outside the limits of disturbance (LOD). 2. Site Access: a. Access to the site shall be limited to one (1) full movement entrance from Apple Valley Road (Route 652). The entrance shall not be directly across from any residential homes along Apple Valley Road as to maintain a contiguous buffer and berm along the frontage for sound attenuation and viewshed mitigation. A second entrance may be permitted for emergency vehicle access only, if required by the County’s Fire Marshal and reviewed and approved at time of site plan. b. The location of the site entrance shall be reviewed and approved by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) as part of the site planning process. 3. Construction Management: a. Prior to final site plan approval for each phase of development, a Construction Mitigation Plan shall be submitted to the Department of Planning and Development for review and consideration. The Construction Mitigation Plan will address, at minimum, construction traffic control measures, including but not limited to, any mitigation measures to be implemented during weekday AM and PM peak travel hours and school bus travel times along shared construction related truck routes, including but not limited to, delivery of materials to and from the site, and other related matters the County reasonably believes is necessary for the Construction Mitigation Plan. Approval of the Construction Mitigation Plan by the Zoning Administrator must be obtained as a condition of approval of any and all site plans for each phase of development of the site. b. At least one public liaison shall be designated, and a toll-free phone number and email address shall be published on the Applicant’s website and provided to the County’s Public Information Officer (PIO) for publication on the County’s website and other social media. The liaison shall act as a point of contact between citizens and construction crews and be available in person and by phone during active construction 14 Page 13 of 15 hours and must respond to any questions related to the project or the site. The liaison role will commence prior to the County’s issuance of a land disturbance permit and remain a minimum of six (6) months following the County’s issuance of final certificate of occupancy for the project. c. If requested by the County, the Applicant shall participate in a Joint Construction Traffic Reaction Team, which may include members of County Staff, the Virginia Department of Transportation, the Sheriff’s Office, and the Virginia State Police to identify and expeditiously mitigate or resolve traffic issues that arise during the construction of the project. The Applicant shall assist in resolving and implementing solutions to traffic issues. d. Pavement damage to roads, including shoulders and aprons, attributable to construction of the project, as determined by the Zoning Administrator, must be repaired by the Applicant within 120 of notice and prior to any issuance of final certificate of occupancy for the project at the Applicant’s sole expense. Should the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) determine that the damage has made the road unsafe, the Applicant shall initiate the process of said repairs within forty-eight (48) hours after receiving notice from VDOT. The Applicant will diligently conduct all repairs herein a timely manner. 4. Public Utilities: a. Public water consumption by the subject property is limited to 35,000 gallons per day (GPD) or less. b. No groundwater resources, via private wells or other methods, shall be used for operation of the primary or accessory uses. c. Prior to site plan approval, the sanitary sewer discharge methods, shall be reviewed and approved by Frederick Water. 5. Noise & Noise Monitoring: a. The maximum noise generated by the operation of the data center shall not exceed 65 dB(A) & (C) during daytime hours and 60 dB(A) & (C) during nighttime hours measured in accordance with the Frederick County Zoning Ordinance §165- 705.01(A)(5)(ii). b. Mechanical equipment (HVAC, generators, etc.) installed on the property shall be rated to produce noise that is equal to or less than the equipment studied in the Environmental Noise Study prepared by Salas O’Brien dated November 24, 2025. 6. Gound Mounted Mechanical Equipment: a. All backup generators used on the Property shall comply with the ambient air quality standards promulgated by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) and shall be Tier IV generators permitted for emergency operation only. 7. Power Generating Facilities: 15 Page 14 of 15 a. Power generation for the use shall be limited to back up generators in accordance with condition 6, and/or the use of solar panels. 8. Building Height, Design & Architecture: a. The maximum height of the principal structures, including roof-mounted mechanical equipment and parapet walls (screens), shall not exceed 45 feet. b. The building(s) shall include a main entrance feature, which must either project or recess from the main building plane, and/or be differentiated from the remainder of the façade by a change in building material. c. The design of the building façade should include fenestration of two (2) or more of the following materials comprising a minimum of 30% of the façade: concrete block, stone, brick, glass, metal, architectural precast concrete. d. At least two (2) neutral Earth tone or natural color palette, shall be used in the building façade. e. The maximum length of any exterior wall facing Apple Valley Road without modulation shall not exceed 100 feet. The minimum modulation depth is 2 feet. The minimum modulation width is 20 feet. f. Building elevations and renderings shall be provided to the County for review and acceptance with the above conditions prior to issuance of the first building permit. 9. Buffers & Screening: a. A Category C Type full screen landscape buffer shall be installed along the property frontage with Apple Valley Road, Middle Road and Route 37. Unless otherwise modified below, the buffer area shall fulfill minimum distance and opaque screening element requirements of the Frederick County Zoning Ordinance §165-802.08. i. Along the property frontage with Apple Valley Road and Middle Road the buffer distance shall be a minimum of 200 feet (FT) in width and include a minimum ten (10) foot tall earthen berm plus an enhanced landscape screen. ii. The minimum plant size at time of planting for the landscape screen for all buffer areas shall be 1.5-inch caliper for deciduous trees, six (6) feet in height for evergreen trees, and 36 inches in height for evergreen shrubs. iii. The planting species, to be reviewed and approved at time of site plan, shall include a mix of species of which at least one (1) Virginia native variety of deciduous tree, at least one (1) Virginia native variety evergreen tree, and at least one (1) Virginia native variety of shrub. iv. In addition to the minimum 10-foot-wide landscape screen described above, along Apple Valley Road and Middle Road there shall be an additional double row of evergreen trees. 1) The evergreen screen shall include at least two (2) different varieties of plantings, one (1) of which shall be a Virginia native, balled and burlapped and be a minimum of eight (8) feet in height at time of planting. 16 Page 15 of 15 b. The double row of evergreen trees shall be planted between the earthen berm and the building. Plantings shall be spaced appropriately within the inactive portion of the buffer to allow for regular maintenance and mowing. 10. Signage: a. One (1) free standing monument sign is permitted from Apple Valley Road, not to exceed 50 square feet in sign area and not to exceed 12 feet in height. b. The base of the sign and sign face shall be of a material and color palette complementary to the building facade materials. c. Building/wall-mounted and electronic messaging signs are prohibited. 11. Any change in the use for which the conditional use permit was granted shall require a new conditional use permit (CUP). This item is presented to the Planning Commission at a work session for information and discussion only. No action is requested. A public hearing is tentatively scheduled for July 1, 2026. 17 ¬«37MIDDLE RDA P P L E V A L L E Y R D A P P L E V A L L E Y R D 351 APPLE VALLEY RD 602 APPLE VALLEY RD 536 APPLE VALLEY RD 321 APPLE VALLEY RD 502 APPLE VALLEY RD 582 APPLE VALLEY RD 482 APPLE VALLEY RD 520 APPLE VALLEY RD 3352 MIDDLE RD 331 APPLE VALLEY RD 640 APPLE VALLEY RD 3346 MIDDLE RD 3362 MIDDLE RD 170 SHADY ELM RD 3217 MIDDLE RD 512 APPLE VALLEY RD 3323 MIDDLE RD 3426 MIDDLE RD 610 APPLE VALLEY RD 3161 MIDDLE RD 3210 MIDDLE RD 472 APPLE VALLEY RD 116 JORDAN DR 3155 MIDDLE RD 492 APPLE VALLEY RD 3075 MIDDLE RD 572 APPLE VALLEY RD 554 APPLE VALLEY RD 564 APPLE VALLEY RD 3175 MIDDLE RD 452 APPLE VALLEY RD 632 APPLE VALLEY RD 592 APPLE VALLEY RD 544 APPLE VALLEY RD 3322 MIDDLE RD 2877 MIDDLE RD 652 APPLE VALLEY RD 63 A 80I µ Frederick County Planning & Development 107 N Kent St Winchester, VA 22601 540 - 665 - 5651 Map Created: May 12, 2026 £¤11 §¨¦81 ¬«37 SHADYELM RDHERITAGEDRSH A W N E E DRJONES STVALLEYPIKEA P P L E V A L L E Y R D LAUN C H R I S DR PLAINFIELD DR SORRELLCTVALLEY AVEHOO D WAY OPEQUON CHURCH LNMIDDLE RDOLDMIDDLE RDM A R S H A L L L N FIR E L O C K CT SARATOGADRJORDANDRSOLDIERSREST LNF R O G A L E C T D A W S O N D R G R A S S Y L N CAPITOL LNSTUAR T DR BROOKNEIL DRJONES RDWinchester 0 580 1,160290 Feet CUP # 03 - 26: Winchester Gateway LLC PIN: 63 - A - 80I Data Center Location Map Application Sewer and Water Service Area Parcels CUP #03-26 18 ¬«37MIDDLE RDA P P L E V A L L E Y R D A P P L E V A L L E Y R D 632 APPLE VALLEY RD 592 APPLE VALLEY RD 544 APPLE VALLEY RD 3322 MIDDLE RD 2877 MIDDLE RD 652 APPLE VALLEY RD 3161 MIDDLE RD 3210 MIDDLE RD 472 APPLE VALLEY RD 116 JORDAN DR 3155 MIDDLE RD 492 APPLE VALLEY RD 3075 MIDDLE RD 572 APPLE VALLEY RD 554 APPLE VALLEY RD 564 APPLE VALLEY RD 3175 MIDDLE RD 452 APPLE VALLEY RD 331 APPLE VALLEY RD 321 APPLE VALLEY RD 170 SHADY ELM RD 3217 MIDDLE RD 512 APPLE VALLEY RD 3323 MIDDLE RD 3426 MIDDLE RD 610 APPLE VALLEY RD 351 APPLE VALLEY RD 602 APPLE VALLEY RD 536 APPLE VALLEY RD 640 APPLE VALLEY RD 3346 MIDDLE RD 3362 MIDDLE RD 502 APPLE VALLEY RD 582 APPLE VALLEY RD 482 APPLE VALLEY RD 520 APPLE VALLEY RD 3352 MIDDLE RD 63 A 80I µ Frederick County Planning & Development 107 N Kent St Winchester, VA 22601 540 - 665 - 5651 Map Created: May 12, 2026 £¤11 §¨¦81 ¬«37 SHADYELM RDHERITAGEDRSH A W N E E DRJONES STVALLEYPIKEA P P L E V A L L E Y R D LAUN C H R I S DR PLAINFIELD DR SORRELLCTVALLEY AVEHOO D WAY OPEQUON CHURCH LNMIDDLE RDOLDMIDDLE RDM A R S H A L L L N FIR E L O C K CT SARATOGADRJORDANDRSOLDIERSREST LNF R O G A L E C T D A W S O N D R G R A S S Y L N CAPITOL LNSTUAR T DR BROOKNEIL DRJONES RDWinchester 0 580 1,160290 Feet CUP # 03 - 26: Winchester Gateway LLC PIN: 63 - A - 80I Data Center Zoning Map Application Sewer and Water Service Area Parcels M1 (Light Industrial District) RP (Residential Performance District) CUP #03-26 19 ¬«37MIDDLE RDA P P L E V A L L E Y R D A P P L E V A L L E Y R D 632 APPLE VALLEY RD 492 APPLE VALLEY RD 3075 MIDDLE RD 572 APPLE VALLEY RD 554 APPLE VALLEY RD 564 APPLE VALLEY RD 3175 MIDDLE RD 452 APPLE VALLEY RD 3161 MIDDLE RD 3210 MIDDLE RD 472 APPLE VALLEY RD 116 JORDAN DR 3155 MIDDLE RD 592 APPLE VALLEY RD 544 APPLE VALLEY RD 3322 MIDDLE RD 2877 MIDDLE RD 652 APPLE VALLEY RD 331 APPLE VALLEY RD 321 APPLE VALLEY RD 502 APPLE VALLEY RD 582 APPLE VALLEY RD 482 APPLE VALLEY RD 520 APPLE VALLEY RD 3352 MIDDLE RD 351 APPLE VALLEY RD 602 APPLE VALLEY RD 536 APPLE VALLEY RD 640 APPLE VALLEY RD 3346 MIDDLE RD 3362 MIDDLE RD 170 SHADY ELM RD 3217 MIDDLE RD 512 APPLE VALLEY RD 3323 MIDDLE RD 3426 MIDDLE RD 610 APPLE VALLEY RD 63 A 80I µ Frederick County Planning & Development 107 N Kent St Winchester, VA 22601 540 - 665 - 5651 Map Created: May 12, 2026 £¤11 §¨¦81 ¬«37 SHADYELM RDHERITAGEDRSH A W N E E DRJONES STVALLEYPIKEA P P L E V A L L E Y R D LAUN C H R I S DR PLAINFIELD DR SORRELLCTVALLEY AVEHOO D WAY OPEQUON CHURCH LNMIDDLE RDOLDMIDDLE RDM A R S H A L L L N FIR E L O C K CT SARATOGADRJORDANDRSOLDIERSREST LNF R O G A L E C T D A W S O N D R G R A S S Y L N CAPITOL LNSTUAR T DR BROOKNEIL DRJONES RDWinchester 0 580 1,160290 Feet CUP # 03 - 26: Winchester Gateway LLC PIN: 63 - A - 80I Data Center Long Range Land Use Map Application Sewer and Water Service Area Parcels Long Range Land Use Residential Industrial Sensitive Natural Areas Institutional CUP #03-26 20 21 22 23 24 LABEL PIN OWNER NAME OWNER NAME CONT.ADDRESS ADDRESS CONT.CITY STATE ZIP 1 62 A 75 WILKINS ROY LANDIS JR TRUSTEE WILKINS BETTY JEAN TRUSTEE 3210 MIDDLE RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 2 63 A 14 FELLOWSHIP BIBLE CHURCH 3217 MIDDLE RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 3 63 A 16 BRADFORD ANNA F 652 APPLE VALLEY RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 4 63 A 15C FOX RONALD V FOX PATRICIA W 632 APPLE VALLEY RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 5 63 A 15A FOX RONALD V FOX PATRICIA W 632 APPLE VALLEY RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 6 63A 1 1 FOX RONALD V FOX PATRICIA W 632 APPLE VALLEY RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 7 63A 1 3 JONES SAMUEL C JONES ROBIN M 602 APPLE VALLEY RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 8 63A 1 5 KLINE MARK C 592 APPLE VALLEY RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 9 63A 1 7 HUNTER JAMES HUNTER BONNIE 582 APPLE VALLEY RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 10 63A 1 9 GOOD JENNIFER LYNN 572 APPLE VALLEY RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 11 63A 1 11 TURNER JAMES C TURNER DEBORAH L 564 APPLE VALLEY RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 12 63A 1 13 PHILLIPS LARRY O JR 554 APPLE VALLEY RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 13 63A 1 15 GARCIA ANDRADE HIPOLITO 544 APPLE VALLEY RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 14 63A 1 17 CRESWELL RUSSELL W CRESWELL ROBIN R 536 APPLE VALLEY RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 15 63 A 17A CIVIL WAR PRESERVATION TRUST 1156 15TH ST NW STE 900 WASHINGTON DC 20005 16 63A 1 19 APPLE VALLEY LLC 478 E WASHINGTON ST STRASBURG VA 22657 17 63A 1 21 DAVIS MARTINEZ CAROLE ANN AGUILAR MAYA 35 ORMSKIRK AVE 913 TORONTO ON M6S1A8 CANADA 0 18 63A 1 23 HOSTLER BARBARA A 502 APPLE VALLEY RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 19 63A 1 25 WHITACRE RICHARD L SR WHITACRE CHRISTINE E 492 APPLE VALLEY RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 20 63A 1 3 27 DIAZ SILVAS KEVIN GEOVANNI DIAZ BENAVIDES GUILLERMO DE LA CRUZ, OLIVER MARAVILLA VILMA INES 482 APPLE VALLEY ROAD WINCHESTER VA 22602 21 63A 1 29 NICHOLSON BETTY A 472 APPLE VALLEY RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 22 63A 1 31 WELZEL ANTON WELZEL PATRICIA D 452 APPLE VALLEY RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 23 63A 1 33 WELZEL ANTON WELZEL PATRICIA D 452 APPLE VALLEY RD WINCHESTER VA 22602 24 63 A 17B CIVIL WAR PRESERVATION TRUST 1156 15TH ST NW STE 900 WASHINGTON DC 20005 25 63 A 58C BLACKBURN COMMERCE CENTER I LC 1057 MARTINSBURG PIKE WINCHESTER VA 22603 26 63 A 58D BLACKBURN COMMERCE CENTER II LC 1057 MARTINSBURG PIKE WINCHESTER VA 22603 27 63 A 18A KERNSTOWN BATTLEFIELD ASSOCIATION, INC. P.O. BOX 1327 WINCHESTER VA 22604 28 62 A 80 WINCHESTER GATEWAY 2 LLC 15 S. KING STREET LEESBURG VA 20175 29 62 A 77A FLETCHER RICHARD A 3323 MIDDLE ROAD WINCHESTER VA 22602 30 62 1 A FLETCHER RICHARD A 3323 MIDDLE ROAD WINCHESTER VA 22602 31 62 1 B FLETCHER EVERETT J JR FLETCHER LUZ F 3322 MIDDLE ROAD WINCHESTER VA 22602 32 62 1 B1 FLETCHER EVERETT J JR FLETCHER LUZ F 3322 MIDDLE ROAD WINCHESTER VA 22602 ADJOINER TABLE 25 Winchester Gateway LLC (Applicant) – Data Center Revised April 29, 2026 Site Assessment for Conditional Use Permit Application Parcel 63-A-801 Introduction and Overview Winchester Gateway LLC respectfully requests a Conditional Use Permit (CUP) to authorize the development of a data center campus on Parcel 63-A-801. Granting Applicant’s request for a Conditional Use Permit on its Property to allow for a data center campus will have a positive impact on the community by generating economic diversity through the creation of high-paying employment opportunities and contributing to the commercial tax base within the County. The proposed development, situated in the M1 (Light Industrial) Zoning District, aligns with Frederick County’s goals of fostering economic diversity and fiscal sustainability. In addition, the non- residential development proposed for the Property will decrease demands and impacts on County and community facilities such as schools, parks and libraries as residential development will not occur on the Property. The proposed development is not anticipated to negatively impact the County’s public safety facilities, and the Applicant has worked closely with County stakeholders to ensure that potential impacts are addressed as part of this Application. Fiscal and Economic Impact The proposed data center campus will serve as a substantial economic driver for Frederick County, characterized by a high revenue-to-expense ratio that will benefit the local tax base without burdening public services. According to the Economic Impact Analysis prepared by MuniCap, Inc., the project is projected to generate approximately $5 million annually in gross tax revenue for Frederick County upon full buildout and stabilization. This revenue stream is comprised primarily of Business Personal Property Tax, estimated at $3.17 million annually, and Real Property Tax, estimated at $1.76 million annually. Over a thirty-year period, the cumulative general fund revenue contribution to the County is projected to exceed $169 million. In addition to direct fiscal contributions, the proposed development will serve as a catalyst for employment. The construction phase is expected to support approximately 3,374 direct full-time equivalent (FTE) jobs, generating over $331 million in labor income. Once operational, the facility 26 will support 116 direct permanent jobs with an average annual income of $86,000, which is consistent with the County’s goals for attracting high-wage employment. Unlike residential developments, data centers do not generate new students for the school system or require significant County services, allowing the surplus tax revenue to directly fund County priorities such as education, public safety, and infrastructure. 1 Transportation and Traffic Impact A primary advantage of the proposed data center campus over the previously approved industrial use is a dramatic reduction in traffic generation. A Transportation Overview indicates that the data center campus will generate significantly less traffic than the industrial park, allowed by-right for the site. Specifically, the data center proposal results in a reduction of 1,925 daily vehicle trips compared to the approved industrial use. This reduction is particularly beneficial during critical commuter windows, with projections showing 172 fewer trips during the AM peak hour (a 63% reduction) and 240 fewer trips during the PM peak hour (an 87% reduction). Despite this reduction in traffic volume, the Applicant remains committed to the roadway improvements proffered during the prior zoning action to ensure maximum safety and efficiency. These commitments include widening Apple Valley Road to consistent cross-sections and installing a left-turn lane at the site driveway. With the significantly reduced traffic load inherent to data center operations, these improvements will provide Apple Valley Road with greater reserve capacity than originally anticipated. Noise Impact and Mitigation The Applicant has prioritized acoustical engineering to ensure the Winchester Gateway Data Center Campus not only complies with, but is projected to operate at or below, Frederick County’s maximum allowable noise limits. An Environmental Noise Study prepared by Salas O’Brien (November 21, 2025) utilized SoundPLAN modeling software to evaluate noise emissions under normal operating conditions and during generator testing scenarios. 1 The tax revenue is based upon the current data center tax rate. In the event the rate is amended by Frederick County, the gross tax revenues forecasted above will change. It is foreseeable that the tax rate may, in fact, be amended/increased, which will result in additional gross tax revenues to Frederick County. 27 Field measurements confirm that the existing acoustic environment in the area is heavily influenced by roadway traffic. Daytime ambient noise levels along Apple Valley Road average approximately 63–64 dB(A), while Route 37 produces levels in the range of 67–68 dB(A). The proposed facility is designed to blend into these daytime background conditions and to minimize potential intrusion during quieter nighttime periods. The Frederick County Zoning Ordinance requires that data centers not exceed 65 dB(A) during daytime hours and 60 dB(A) during nighttime hours at the property line. The Salas O’Brien modeling indicates the Project will maintain meaningful safety margins at all boundaries. Along the northern property line adjacent to Apple Valley Road, the facility is projected to reach approximately 55 dB(A) during normal operations and 56 dB(A) during generator testing. Noise levels along the remaining property lines are projected to be lower, ranging from approximately 47 dB(A) at the northwest boundary to 54 dB(A) at the southwest boundary during normal operations. It is also important to note that the Property is zoned M1 (Light Industrial), and under County Code, certain by-right industrial uses may generate noise levels up to 70 dB(A) at the property line. By comparison, the proposed data center campus’ modeled noise levels—generally in the mid-to-high 40s through mid-50s dB(A), with higher levels during testing still below applicable thresholds—represent a substantially quieter land use than what could otherwise be developed on the site. To achieve and maintain this strong acoustic performance, the Applicant will incorporate specific noise mitigation throughout the Project's design and equipment selection. These measures include rooftop parapet walls to block line-of-sight to rooftop equipment and reduce sound propagation, the use of low-sound fan options, acoustic wraps for compressors, high-performance mufflers on exhaust stacks, and the placement of emergency generators within sound-rated enclosures designed to minimize noise during operations. The Applicant will implement strict operational protocols to further reduce potential impacts. Routine generator testing and maintenance cycling will be strictly restricted to weekdays between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m., in full alignment with County requirements. To provide ongoing 28 verification, the Applicant commits to the post-construction monitoring provisions of § 165- 204.41, which require a certified noise study 12 months after the first certificate of occupancy, and every five years thereafter, to guarantee continued compliance. Impacts on Surrounding Uses and Historic Sites The Project layout has been designed to maximize compatibility with adjacent properties, including the nearby Kernstown Battlefield and residential uses along Apple Valley Road. To minimize visual impacts, the layout provides a substantial 200-foot setback from Apple Valley Road and adjacent residential zoning districts (RA, RP, and R4). Within this setback, the Applicant commits to installing a Category C full-screen buffer utilizing berms and dense plantings to visually screen the facility from neighbors. Architectural treatments and building scale have also been tailored to the site's context. Building heights will be capped at 60 feet, consistent with M1 zoning standards, ensuring the scale of the structures remains compatible with the surrounding viewshed. The use of high-quality materials was part of the existing M1 proffers and will further ensure the Project enhances the existing industrial character of the immediate area. Power and Utilities The Project is already served by significant utilities to include public water and sewer, natural gas and electricity. On the site there are significant 138kv power lines that connect to an existing substation immediately across Route 37 from the Winchester Gateway site. The Applicant anticipates a maximum transmission voltage requirement of 158 MW to support operation of the proposed data center campus. As such, the Applicant is in the process of working with Shenandoah Valley Electric Cooperative to confirm available power to the site and also the scope of needed enhancements for the delivery of additional power to the site. Because of the existing and installed infrastructure, the delivery of additional power to the site as the proposed data center campus develops and expands will be of no impact to adjoining properties. It is anticipated that the existing 138kv power lines on the site can be used as part of the initial operation and startup for the proposed data center campus. It is foreseeable that this electrical service will need to be expanded as part of the full build out and operation of the data center campus and the Applicant is in 29 discussions with Shenandoah Valley Electric Cooperative and FirstEnergy to plan for the delivery of additional power and then to coordinate, work with, and ultimately fund any enhancements that may be required to the electrical delivery system. Pursuant to a bill introduced by the Virginia General Assembly under amended Virginia Code Section 15.2-2209.4, which was signed into law by the Governor, it is understood that “…a locality shall require that the electric utility providing retail service to the new HEUF, to the extent known and practicable and within the timeline provided by subdivision A 7 of § 15.2-2286, submit to the locality a form describing (i) any new or existing substations that will be used to serve the HEUF and (ii) the anticipated transmission voltage required to serve the HEUF.” To the extent required, the Applicant does grant full permission to all parties, including, but not limited to, the electric utilities to disclose the required statutory information relating to the Applicant’s site to the County of Frederick, Virginia. The additional power is already being planned to be delivered to the site and substation, and the Winchester Gateway development is a planned participant to use the power. There will be the need to build an additional substation on the Winchester Gateway site as part of the proposed data center campus. That substation, which will be built at the sole cost of Winchester Gateway, will be installed in a manner so that it is behind the already proffered screening which was part of the approved rezoning. The project will use Tier 4 Final EPA standard or better for any backup generation on site. With respect to water usage, the facilities will utilize a closed-loop or air-cooled mechanical system. This technology will enable the facility to limit its water usage to a maximum of 35,000 gallons per day (GPD), thereby minimizing the impact on public water resources compared to traditional water-cooled facilities. That said, daily water usage will fluctuate in response to time- of-year conditions, resulting in water usage that occasionally exceeds the GDP projection, but when averaged based on annual usage, will fall within the 35,000 GDP threshold. All water discharges into the public (Frederick County Sanitation Authority) system will be pre-treated to the extent required by a licensed third-party contractor in order to meet or exceed Frederick County Sanitation Authority’s standards for public sewage. Any sewage discharge that does not 30 meet Frederick County Sanitation Authority’s standards will be collected by the aforementioned third-party contractor and disposed of in an environmentally compliant and satisfactory manner. Impact on Public Parks The Winchester Gateway site is not proximate to any existing or planned public parks. Development of a data center campus on the site will therefore have no impact on any such public facilities. Impact on Agricultural Resources The Winchester Gateway site is located within an area of Frederick County designated for industrial land use by the Comprehensive Plan, meaning neither the site nor immediately contiguous land are envisioned to contain or otherwise support agricultural activities. Consistent with this expectation, the site neither contains nor adjoins any active agricultural resources. As such, the development of a data center campus on the Winchester Gateway site will not impact Frederick County’s agricultural base. Impact on Forestland Neither the Winchester Gateway site nor immediately contiguous land contains forestland resources. Development of a data center campus on the site will therefore have no impact on forestland resources. Impact on Wetlands The Winchester Gateway site contains approximately 10.97 acres of wetlands and 153 linear feet of stream channel. Most of the onsite wetlands are emergent (7.61 acres) with a pond included in the calculations (3.32 acres). The remaining balance consists of forested wetlands (0.04 acres). Based on the proposed plan of development, approximately 3.78 acres of emergent wetland will be avoided/preserved. The existing pond will be temporarily impacted to be retrofit to a stormwater management facility. The proposed water surface area of the new pond is not considered by the regulatory agencies to be a permanent impact. 31 The total proposed impacts to wetlands is 3.42 acres, which includes 1.74 acres which is not subject to federal jurisdiction due to its isolated status. To account for these impacts, the Applicant will purchase credits from an approved mitigation bank or the Trust Fund, per the 2008 Corps of Engineers mitigation rule. The project will be permitted through the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (“Corps”) and Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (“DEQ”). We are anticipating an Individual Permit from DEQ and a General Permit from the Corps. Conclusion The Winchester Gateway Data Center Campus represents a high-value, low-impact land use that is consistent with the Frederick County Comprehensive Plan. By granting the Conditional Use Permit, the County secures nearly $5 million in annual tax revenue and significant job growth while simultaneously reducing traffic congestion compared to the previously approved industrial plans. Through advanced acoustical engineering, extensive site buffering, and architectural design, the Applicant has ensured the project will remain compatible with and beneficial to the community. 32 ELECTRIC POWER AVAILABILITY Subsequent to obtaining light industrial zoning approval for its site, the Applicant, Winchester Gateway LLC (“Winchester Gateway”), has been in discussions with the local electric provider, Shenandoah Valley Electric Cooperative (“SVEC”), and FirstEnergy to assure a delivery of sufficient power to the data center being sought for approval on the Winchester Gateway property. The discussions with both power providers are subject to strict confidentiality, but a summary of same and, in particular, the connectivity of the Winchester Gateway site to electric power can be shared primarily for the reason that Winchester Gateway is strategically located with significant 138KV transmission electric power service already on its site. The plan for delivery of power to the Winchester Gateway site is via a connection to the existing transmission lines and easements. The aforementioned power facilities are also connected to an existing electric substation at Meadow Brook and existing power lines that connect to Meadow Brook and the Mount Storm generation facility among other connections in the electric grid. As with the delivery of power for all industrial sites, there will need to be alterations and upgrades to the electrical system to ensure sufficient power is delivered not only to the Winchester Gateway facility, but also to assure the continued delivery of power to other FirstEnergy and SVEC customers. It is anticipated that the improvements to the electric facilities, to the extent they are not already underway and being paid for by others, will be paid by the user of the Winchester Gateway site. Further, and consistent with recently approved legislation in the Commonwealth of Virginia, it has been made more clear that the significant users of industrial power, such as data center users, will pay for the necessary upgrades to the electrical supply system in order to serve their facilities. In any event, however, given the installed power poles and lines along easements already in place that serve the Winchester Gateway site with electric power, it is expected that any and all electrical improvements will be installed along the existing electrical easements and subject to the discretion and direction of the power utilities on the existing structures. At the time of the filing of this report, there is no plan or demand being placed on Winchester Gateway to obtain supplemental or additional easements for the installation of power lines, be they above-or under-ground to serve the Winchester Gateway site. 33 EX. Zoning Boundary(M1 & RA)Wetland "A"Delineated Wetland "DE"Wetland "FG"Off-Site Wetland"BC"Delineated Wetland "BC"Delineated Wetland "DE"Delineated Wetland "BC"Off-Site Wetland"BC"Delineated Wetland "BC"Delineated Wetland "HI"SpringEx. 10" D.I.P. W/LEx. 10" D.I.P. W/LEx. 8" D.I.P. W/LEx. Fire Hydrant (F-182)Static Pressure = 68 PSIStatic Pressure = 1,233 GPMResidual Pressure = 54 PSITest Date: 04/24/2007Ex. Fire Hydrant (F-183)Static Pressure = 62 PSIStatic Pressure = 1,198 GPMResidual Pressure = 51 PSITest Date: 08/13/2012Ex. Fire Hydrant (F-184)Static Pressure = 50 PSIStatic Pressure = 1,140 GPMResidual Pressure = 46 PSITest Date: 02/15/2005Ex. 10" D.I.P. W/LFW 20"WL - ARV200' ROADCORRIDOR BUFFERWITH ENHANCEDLANDSCAPING(SEE DETAIL)200' ROAD CORRIDOR BUFFER WITH ENHANCEDLANDSCAPING (SEE DETAIL)X X X X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX40'20 0 '495.75'269'SUBSTATIONLIMITS OFDISTURBANCE(APPROX.)10' SECURITY FENCELIMITS OFDISTURBANCE(APPROX.)LIMITS OFDISTURBANCE(APPROX.)LIMITS OFDISTURBANCE(APPROX.)10' SECURITY FENCE10' SECURITY FENCE22'24'20' 20' 20' 20'EX. SPRING TO DRAINTO OFFSITE POND12'12'12'12'12'12' 12' 12' 12' 12' 12' 12'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX26 1 . 0 2 'XXXXXXXXXXXXX200' SETBACK40'30'10 0 ' 75' 25'200' SETBACK75' INACTIVE BUFFER100' CATEGORY C FULL SCREEN BUFFER25' ACTIVE BUFFERX X X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXDATE:C.I.=OFSHEETFND 1971 ENGI NEERI NG PROUDLY SERVING VIRGINIA & WEST VIRGINIA OFFICES IN: ASHBURN, VA, WINCHESTER, VA, & MARTINSBURG, WV 45145 RESEARCH PLACE ASHBURN, VIRGINIA 20147 TELEPHONE: (703) 328-0788 FAX: (540) 722-9528 WWW.GREENWAYENG.COMSCALE:34 Map Data Source: Frederick County, VA. GIS Department, 2025 Data.AERIAL EXHIBITWINCHESTER GATEWAY PHASE 1 - CUPFREDERICK COUNTY, VIRGINIADATE: 06-13-2025PROJECT ID: 0036KDESIGNED BY: DJCSCALE:WINCHESTER GATEWAY PHASE 1 - CIUPAERIAL EXHIBITBACK CREEK DISTRICT1"=600'63 A 80IJONESRDMIDDLERD APPLEVAL L E YRDS T UA RT DR RT37SRT37 N¯Legend Subject Parcel Parcels City Boundary 35 36 EX. Zoning Boundary(M1 & RA)Wetland "A"Delineated Wetland "DE"Wetland "FG"Off-Site Wetland"BC"Delineated Wetland "BC"Delineated Wetland "DE"Delineated Wetland "BC"Off-Site Wetland"BC"Delineated Wetland "BC"Delineated Wetland "HI"SpringEx. 10" D.I.P. W/LEx. 10" D.I.P. W/LEx. 8" D.I.P. W/LEx. Fire Hydrant (F-182)Static Pressure = 68 PSIStatic Pressure = 1,233 GPMResidual Pressure = 54 PSITest Date: 04/24/2007Ex. Fire Hydrant (F-183)Static Pressure = 62 PSIStatic Pressure = 1,198 GPMResidual Pressure = 51 PSITest Date: 08/13/2012Ex. Fire Hydrant (F-184)Static Pressure = 50 PSIStatic Pressure = 1,140 GPMResidual Pressure = 46 PSITest Date: 02/15/2005Ex. 10" D.I.P. W/LFW 20"WL - ARV40'20 0 '22'24'20' 20' 20'BUILDING 1± 234,000 S.F.BUILDING 2± 182,000 S.F.BUILDING 3± 277,000 S.F.DATE:C.I.=OFSHEETFND 1971 ENGI NEER I NG PROUDLY SERVING VIRGINIA & WEST VIRGINIA OFFICES IN: ASHBURN, VA, WINCHESTER, VA, & MARTINSBURG, WV 45145 RESEARCH PLACE ASHBURN, VIRGINIA 20147 TELEPHONE: (703) 328-0788 FAX: (540) 722-9528 WWW.GREENWAYENG.COMSCALE:37 Map Data Source: Frederick County, VA. GIS Department, 2025 Data.LOCATION EXHIBITWINCHESTER GATEWAY PHASE 1 - CUPFREDERICK COUNTY, VIRGINIADATE: 06-13-2025PROJECT ID: 0036KDESIGNED BY: DJCSCALE:WINCHESTER GATEWAY PHASE 1 - CUPLOCATION EXHIBITBACK CREEK DISTRICT1"=600'63 A 80I M ID D L E R D APPLEVAL L EYRDJONES RDS T UA RT DR RT37 SRT37 N¯ Legend Subject Parcel Parcels 81 11 37 628 622 INSET MAP 1"=5000' CITY OF WINCHESTER SITE 38 Map Data Source: Frederick County, VA. GIS Department, 2025 Data.ADJOINER EXHIBITWINCHESTER GATEWAY PHASE 1 - CUPFREDERICK COUNTY, VIRGINIADATE: 06-13-2025PROJECT ID: 0036KDESIGNED BY: DJCSCALE:WINCHESTER GATEWAY PHASE 1 - CUPADJOINER EXHIBITBACK CREEK DISTRICT1"=600'1612845361079111213141718192021222426231525 63 A 80IJONES RDM ID D LE R D APPLEVAL L EYRDS T UA RT DR RT37SRT37 N¯ Legend Subject Parcel Parcels City Boundary 39 Map Data Source: Frederick County, VA. GIS Department, 2025 Data.NATURAL FEATURES EXHIBITWINCHESTER GATEWAY PHASE 1 - CUPFREDERICK COUNTY, VIRGINIADATE: 06-13-2025PROJECT ID: 0036KDESIGNED BY: DJCSCALE:WINCHESTER GATEWAY PHASE 1 - CUPNATURAL FEATURES EXHIBITBACK CREEK DISTRICT1"=600'63 A 80I VALLEYPIKEJONES RD M ID D L E R D APPL EVAL L E YRDBATTLE PARK DR S T UA RT DR RT37 SRT37 N855835825820815810875865845805 790 880870860850825 820 81581080584584083581080579578582 5 815 800 790775765760755785780870 855 755750745740800795795790 780775 885 880 820815810920910885880 825820825820800795790785785780775770910905 795790785780 765760750745905900895 890 885840830 800795865860850830 80 0 830770 850785835830820790785785870850 805800790915880865 865860 845 835835810810810805 8058058058 0 0 795 790 790790785775775 775770 760750¯ Legend Subject Parcel Parcels City Boundary Floodplain Ponds Stream Centerline 5' Contours 40 Map Data Source: Frederick County, VA. GIS Department, 2025 Data.HISTORICAL EXHIBITWINCHESTER GATEWAY PHASE 1 - CUPFREDERICK COUNTY, VIRGINIADATE: 06-13-2025PROJECT ID: 0036KDESIGNED BY: DJCSCALE:WINCHESTER GATEWAY PHASE 1 -CUPHISTORICAL EXHIBITBACK CREEK DISTRICT1"=600'¯ Legend [e [e [e [e [e [e 34-27 Stoney Lonesome Farm 34-3 Brightside 34-7 Kernstown Battlefield 34-9 Opequon Presbyterian Church 34-971 Hoge's Ordinary 34-487 Tenant House at Brightside First Kernstown Second Kernstown63 A 80I VALLEY PIKEJONES RD BATTLE PARK DR M ID D LE R D APPL EVAL L E YRDSHAD Y E L M R D S T UA RT DR RT37 SRT37NLegend Subject Parcel Parcels City Boundary[e Landmark Civil War Battlefields Battle Name First Kernstown Second Kernstown ¯ 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.24.2025 salasobrien.com 1 Environmental Noise Study Winchester Gateway Data Center- 2565-00642 INTRODUCTION This report contains design information on environmental noise for the proposed Winchester Gateway Data Center in Frederick County, VA. This information is intended to assist Winchester Gateway LLC in meeting noise level requirements for the proposed construction set forth by Frederick County. This report does not address changes to construction that may be acoustically necessary to reduce excessive noise due to building mechanical or electrical services. Executive Summary Noise measurements were conducted at multiple locations surrounding the project site to document and characterize existing ambient sound levels. Results indicate a clear distinction between daytime and nighttime acoustic conditions. Daytime noise along Apple Valley Road averaged 63–64 dB(A), dropping to about 47 dB(A) during the quietest nighttime period. Route 37 showed higher daytime levels of 67–68 dB(A), with the east side ranging 63–67 dB(A) due to nearby construction. Overall, Route 37 is 5–10 dB(A) louder than Apple Valley Road. The frequency spectra exhibited elevated sound levels in the mid-frequency bands (500 Hz–2.5 kHz) and lower levels in the low-frequency range (50 Hz–500 Hz). Low-frequency noise presents greater mitigation challenges because attenuation at these frequencies typically requires materials with significant mass. Overall, ambient sound levels remain steady throughout the day due to consistent traffic activity but drop during the late-night hours when traffic diminishes. With appropriate mitigation, the proposed data center operations may be minimally impactful, and possibly assist in masking disturbing short and impulsive noises caused by large trucks and sirens. A representative model of the proposed data centers was created using SoundPlan environmental modeling software and assuming both the county specified protections (low sound fan options, mufflers, generator enclosures, etc.) and a parapet that is at least 9’ 6” above the roof level to fully block line of sight to the roof top equipment. Normal operations are expected to produce noise levels of less than 65 dB(A) during daytime hours and 60 dB(A) during nighttime hours. While these nighttime levels exceed the ambient noise levels during the quietest hours, because they are steady state they will serve to mask disturbing impulsive and short spikes in noise levels caused by large trucks and emergency vehicles. 53 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.21.2025 salasobrien.com 2 MEASUREMENTS Location Site is located on the southeast corner of Apple Valley Rd and Middle Rd in Winchester, VA 22602 Spot measurements were taken at the following times and locations: 10/22 Afternoon 11:47 a.m. – 2:33 p.m.: Full perimeter 10/23 Late-night (early morning) 3:46 a.m. – 4:26 a.m.: Along Apple Valley Rd 10/23 Morning 7:44 a.m.- 8:47 a.m.: Full perimeter 10/23 Evening 5:11 p.m. – 5:34 p.m.: Along Apple Valley Rd 10/23 Night 8:59 p.m. – 9:26 p.m.: Along Apple Valley Rd A graphic showing the approximate spot check locations is included in Appendix C. Due to safety concerns after dark, nighttime spot checks around the full perimeter were not conducted but were limited to Apple Valley Road. Apple Valley Road was prioritized because of its proximity to residential areas. 54 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.21.2025 salasobrien.com 3 Observations Traffic along Apple Valley Road was steady and consistent from early morning through the evening hours, contributing to stable daytime noise levels. During the late-night/early-morning periods, traffic activity decreased, resulting in lower ambient sound levels. Active construction activity was observed on the east side of the site, characterized by frequent and pronounced hammering sounds that contributed intermittently to elevated noise levels in that area. The surrounding land use consists primarily of single-family residences along the north side of Apple Valley Road, adjacent to the project property line. Beyond these residential areas, the surrounding environment is predominantly agricultural and industrial. Results Noise levels during daytime hours remained steady, decreasing between approximately 9:00 p.m. and 5:00 a.m. Several isolated spikes were observed during the late-night period, though these were not directly witnessed in the field. Such events may have resulted from emergency vehicle activity, passing heavy trucks operating overnight, or nearby wildlife. Overall, sound levels along Route 37 were 5–10 dB(A) higher than those measured along Apple Valley Road. 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 11:00 AM1:00 PM3:00 PM5:00 PM7:00 PM9:00 PM11:00 PM1:00 AM3:00 AM5:00 AM7:00 AM9:00 AM11:00 AM1:00 PM3:00 PM5:00 PM7:00 PM9:00 PM11:00 PM1:00 AM3:00 AM5:00 AM7:00 AMdBA (re: 20 µPa)15-Minute LAeq over Time Apple Valley Rd Rte 37 10/22/2025 10/23/2025 10/24/2025 55 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.21.2025 salasobrien.com 4 While the average sound level decreased noticeably between the hours of 11pm and 4am on both nights, periodic noises from ambulances, motorcycles and other vehicles along Route 37 did not change. This results in short-term noise events which rise over the noise floor by 40-60 dB(A). The full set of Logged 1 second Leq data is included in Appendix D for reference. 97 78.1 99.8 78 78.3 110.9 89.2 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Sound Pressure Levels (dBA re: 20 µPa)1-Second Leq from 11 pm on 10/22 to 4 am on 10/23 Apple Valley Rd Route 37 Apple Valley Rd Average Route 37 Average 56 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.21.2025 salasobrien.com 5 Noise Levels along Apple Valley Rd. Five short-term measurements were taken along the length of plot bordering Apple Valley Road and averaged for each time frame. Daytime noise levels were consistent, ranging from 62 to 64 dB(A), while nighttime levels were approximately 15 dB(A) lower. 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Late-night 03:45- 04:30 Morning 07:45-08:05 Afternoon 11:45-12:30 Night 17:10-17:35 Evening 21:00-21:30dBA (re: 20µPa)Apple Valley Rd Spot Checks Avg. LAeq 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 dBA (re: 20 µPa)LAeq Apple Valley Rd Morning Avg. A weighted Frequency Curve 57 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.21.2025 salasobrien.com 6 The frequency spectra were also consistent across the spot measurements. Only the afternoon measurement exhibited a noticeably different spectral profile, likely due to construction activity on the east side that was active during that period. It is noteworthy that low-frequency components (50 Hz– 500 Hz) were lower in level than the mid-frequency range (500 Hz–2.5 kHz). Noise Levels along Route 37 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 dBA (re: 20 µPa)LAeq Apple Valley Rd Afternoon Avg. A weighted Frequency Curve 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Morning 07:45-08:05 Afternoon 11:45-12:30dBA (re: 20µPa)Rte 37 Morning vs Afternoon Average LAeq 58 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.21.2025 salasobrien.com 7 The frequency spectra along Route 37 were consistent across the morning and afternoon spot measurements. While low-frequency levels were also lower along this corridor, the difference was less pronounced than on Apple Valley Road. This is likely due to the higher volume of heavy-trailer traffic on the highway, which contributes additional low-frequency energy. 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 dBA (re: 20µPa)LAeq Rte 37 Morning Avg. A weighted Frequency Curve 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 dBA (re: 20µPa)LAeq Rte 37 Afternoon Avg. A weighted Frequency Curve 59 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.21.2025 salasobrien.com 8 Noise Levels along East Side The differences in levels between the morning and afternoon spot checks is more pronounced. It was observed in other measurements as well that the increased construction noise coming from the east side added to the low frequency content of the afternoon measurements. The morning measurements are more likely to be indicative of the normal sound levels in the area. 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Morning 07:45-08:05 Afternoon 11:45-12:30dBA (re: 20µPa)East Side Morning vs Afternoon Avg LAeq 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 dBA (re: 20µPa)LAeq East Side Morning Avg. A weighted Frequency Curve 60 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.21.2025 salasobrien.com 9 ANALYSIS SoundPLAN Model Salas O’Brien constructed an environmental noise model to assist in predicting the noise impact to the surrounding areas. We used both rooftop and generator equipment typical of a data center of the proposed size. Equipment and dB values: The sound power levels that were used in the model for each piece of equipment is listed in the table below. All data in the table is shown in dB re: 10-12 W. 63Hz 125Hz 250Hz 500Hz 1kHz 2kHz 4kHz 8kHz Greenheck Exhaust Fan 78 77 84 74 67 66 62 59 Cook 36 LXUL 89 91 89 84 80 75 70 66 RTU-A Inlet 83 81 84 81 75 73 71 65 RTU-A Outlet 83 81 84 81 75 73 71 65 CRAC Condenser 84 94 95 93 88 85 82 78 Cook 48 LXUL 94 96 92 88 84 79 75 70 AHU Condensing Unit 62 74 83 88 88 85 81 75 House Generator 81 83 90 82 81 77 70 70 Generator KD3000 92 115 115 117 118 117 113 108 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 dBA (re: 20µPa)LAeq East Side Afternoon Avg. A weighted Frequency Curve 61 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.21.2025 salasobrien.com 10 Simulations 3 simulations were ran in total, with results shown both in dB(A) (dB(A) is a frequency weighting standard that approximates human hearing at normal listening levels) as described below: 1. Normal Operating conditions. All rooftop equipment running. 2. Test conditions. All rooftop equipment running plus 1 emergency generator nearest property line 3. Emergency conditions. All rooftop equipment and generators running. 62 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.21.2025 salasobrien.com 11 Highest dB(A) predicted at property line: Normal Operations Test Conditions Emergency Conditions North 55 56 59 Northwest 47 47 50 Southwest 54 54 56 South 51 51 53 East 53 53 53 RECOMMENDATIONS In addition to the requirement set by the county to install all equipment with the low sound fan options, mufflers on exhaust stacks, and generators within the sound rated enclosures, we recommend implementing a parapet that is at least 9’ 6” above the roof level to fully block line of sight to the roof top equipment and help mitigate the sound level from such. With this, and equipment that does not exceed the modeled levels, we anticipate that the data center during normal operating conditions would be noticeably quieter than the industrial limits that are currently placed on the site. With the proper selection of generator enclosures, this data center should also be able to not exceed the industrial limits even during an emergency condition where all generators are operating. Contributors: ALEX HORNECKER, INCE Bd. Cert. Senior Consultant, Acoustics D 469.726.4275 E alex.hornecker@salasobrien.com Aaron Walker Acoustic Designer D 303.472.0779 E aaron.walker@salasobrien.com 63 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.21.2025 salasobrien.com 12 APPENDIX A - DEFINITIONS A-weighted Sound Level (dB(A)) A unit of sound level that measures how loud a sound is perceived by the human ear. It is a weighted measurement that adjusts the raw decibel reading to account for the fact that human hearing is less sensitive to very low and very high frequencies than it is to mid-range frequencies. C-weighted Sound Level (dB(C)) A unit of sound level that measures how loud a sound is perceived by the human ear at higher sound levels, where hearing is relatively flatter across frequencies. It applies a gentler weighting than A- weighting, reducing the correction of low and high frequencies and providing a measurement that better represents loud or bass-rich sounds. Leq The equivalent continuous sound level is the sound level in decibels, having the same total sound energy as the fluctuating level measured. Leq is also known as the time-average sound level (LAT). LAeq The A-weighted, equivalent continuous sound level, in decibels having the same total sound energy as the fluctuating level measured. Frequency Spectrum A representation of sound energy distribution as a function of frequency, typically displayed in one- third-octave bands. Sound Power The total acoustic energy emitted by a source per unit time, expressed in watts. It is an inherent property of the source and does not depend on distance or environment. Sound Pressure The local variation in atmospheric pressure caused by a sound wave, measured in pascals (Pa). It represents the force of the sound on a surface area and is what the human ear perceives as loudness. 64 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.24.2025 salasobrien.com 13 APPENDIX B– SITE PLAN 65 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.21.2025 salasobrien.com 14 APPENDIX C– MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS 66 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.24.2025 salasobrien.com 15 APPENDIX D 10.22.2025 Logged Data – 1 second Leq 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Sound Pressure Levels (dBA re: 20 µPa)Apple Valley Rd Rte 37 67 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.21.2025 salasobrien.com 16 10.23.2025 Logged Data – 1 second Leq 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Sound Pressure Levels (dBA re: 20 µPa)Apple Valley Rd Route 37 68 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.21.2025 salasobrien.com 17 10.24.2025 Logged Data – 1 second Leq 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Sound Pressure Level (dBA re: 20 µPa)Apple Valley Rd Route 37 69 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.24.2025 salasobrien.com 18 APPENDIX E– SPOT CHECK FREQUENCY DATA 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 dBA (re: 20 µPa)LAeq Apple Valley Rd Evening Avg. A weighted Frequency Curve 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 dBA (re: 20 µPa)LAeq Apple Valley Rd Night Avg. A weighted Frequency Curve 70 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.21.2025 salasobrien.com 19 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 dBA (re: 20 µPa)LAeq Apple Valley Rd Late Night Avg. A weighted Frequency Curve 71 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.24.2025 salasobrien.com 20 APPENDIX F – PREDICTED SOUND LEVEL MAPS Normal Operations 72 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.21.2025 salasobrien.com 21 Test Conditions 73 Winchester Gateway Data Center - 2565-00642 | 11.21.2025 salasobrien.com 22 Emergency Conditions 74 salasobrien.com Addendum Winchester Gateway Data Center – 2565-00642 INTRODUCTION This report is to provide supplemental information to the previous report dated November 24th, 2025 based on the comments from Cerami dated December 5th, 2025. APPLICABLE NOISE ORDINANCE In addition to the sound requirements set forth in the Frederick County Legislation, this project is also subject to the requirements stipulated in the Code of Ordinances for Winchester, Virginia, the applicable sections of both documents have been included in Appendix A. As the maximum sound levels according to the Winchester Code of Ordinances are more stringent than the Frederick County limits, this project will be held to those levels, but the reporting requirements stipulated in the Frederick County Legislation. ADDITIONAL SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION The Cerami report, dated December 5th, 2025, requested additional documentation including manufacturer cut sheets for mechanical source sound levels and sound attenuation levels of the mufflers or silencers used to achieve the presented levels. This is information that would be provided after the full project design has been completed, this is a preliminary study to fulfill the requirements of Part II.165.204.41-1-A of the Frederick County Legislation to show the project can feasibly achieve the requirements of the local ordinances. As the Frederick County Legislation also includes requirements for low-noise emission fans, acoustic wraps around any compressors or oil separators, and visual screening and/or acoustic screening for all equipment, these were included in our model and the results of equipment operating without these mitigation efforts should not be up for discussion. EXISTING CONDITIONS The previous measurements that were completed from October 22nd-24th, 2025 included both the spot measurements and two different logging meters that were capturing data every second. Additional metrics including the hourly Leq, L90, L10, Lmin, and Lmax were calculated and are included in Appendix B. Note that the 24 hour Leq was not included as it would be so driven by the traffic noise that it would not provide an accurate picture of what occurs during the nighttime hours. 75 Winchester Gateway Data Center - Addendum | 01.06.2025 salasobrien.com 2 The quietest single hour Leq that was measured along Apple Valley Road, nearest the residences, during our time on site was 45 dBA, however, during this same hour the Lmax was measured at 56 dBA. This shows that there is still noticeable traffic over those nighttime hours that generates noticeable amounts of noise. That peak noise was likely caused by an emergency vehicle siren as that same hour had a corresponding spike at the meter along Route 37 at 111 dBA. ADDITIONAL MODELING Additional plots from our acoustic model that include the contribution of the existing noise sources (namely traffic noise along Route 37 and Apple Valley Road) are included in Appendix C. These plots show the different conditions either during typical daytime hours or the quietest nighttime hour. The only combination that was not included in this is the single generator test condition with nighttime minimum levels as all maintenance testing of the generators will occur during daytime hours. As this is a representative data center design and not a design that has been fully vetted by all engineering disciplines, it is premature to provide the representative residential point receivers. The approximate impact levels can be seen on the noise sound level maps. The intent of this report is to show the feasibility of the proposed project achieving the limits imposed by the relevant ordinances. DISCUSSION The sound level predictions show that there is a feasible path to meeting the noise limits imposed by both the Frederick County Legislation and the Winchester, Virginia Code of Ordinances. During daytime hours, the average noise levels at the property line are anticipated to be in the 66-69 dBA range due to the combination of existing traffic noise along Apple Valley Road and the equipment from the data center. During the nighttime hours, while the sound levels from the data center will be below the 60 dBA limit, the activity from the data center equipment will significantly raise the Lmin, L90, Leq and L10 and be a clear change in the existing conditions. The peak levels from sirens, motorcycles and heavy vehicles along Route 37 will be reduced because the buildings will provide some acoustic shielding. Contributors: ALEX HORNECKER, INCE Bd. Cert. Senior Consultant, Acoustics D 469.726.4275 E alex.hornecker@salasobrien.com Aaron Walker Acoustic Designer D 303.472.0779 E aaron.walker@salasobrien.com 76 Winchester Gateway Data Center - Addendum | 01.06.2025 salasobrien.com 3 APPENDIX A – APPLICABLE ORDINANCES Frederick County Legislation Part II Chapter 165 Part 204.41 for Data Center projects as of December 10th, 2025: A. Prior to the approval of a rezoning application or conditional use permit, the following shall be provided: (1) A site assessment to examine the sound profile of the data center on residential units and schools located within 500 feet of the data center property boundary in accordance with Subsection E. B. Generator testing and cycling shall be limited to weekdays (Monday to Friday) between the hours of 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Notwithstanding the foregoing, all noise generated by any on-site generator shall comply with County Code § 165-201.12. [Section 165-201.12.H Specifies a property line limit that shall not exceed 70 dBA.] C. Mechanical equipment. (1) Location. Ground-mounted mechanical equipment shall be prohibited in the primary setback. (2) Screening. Ground-mounted and rooftop mechanical equipment shall be screened from public roadways and adjoining properties on all sides. (3) Generators. All generators shall be enclosed with a manufacturer-approved enclosure or located within the primary structure. (4) Other mechanical equipment. An opaque screen shall be provided by either the principal building, louvered wall, or equivalent screen approved by the Zoning Administrator. The maximum height of the opaque screen should correspond to the tallest piece of equipment being shielded from view. D. Setback and screening requirements. (1) Structures must be set back at least 200 feet from the common property line when adjoining land is zoned RA, RP, R4, R5 and MH1. Otherwise, the base zoning district dimensional standards shall apply. (2) A category C full-screen-type buffer shall be provided around the perimeter of the property. If the adjoining property is zoned B3, TM, M1, or M2, no buffer is required. E. Noise and noise monitoring. (1) The applicant shall submit an Environmental Noise Impact Assessment prepared by a qualified full member of the Acoustical Society of America (ASA), a member of the Institute of Noise Control Engineering (INCE), or a member of the National Association of Acoustical Consultants (NCAC). The purpose of such noise impact assessment, modeled in SoundPLAN, CadnaA, or accepted equivalent, shall model anticipated noise levels as a result of facility operation and establish a baseline noise level prior to approval of a rezoning or conditional use permit. (2) A noise study certifying noise levels shall be conducted 12 months after the issuance of the first certificate of occupancy (CO) and every five years thereafter. Each noise study shall be submitted for review to the Zoning Administrator and/or his/her designee to assess the actual impact of the completed project. (a) The measurement of sound or noise pursuant to this section shall be as follows: [1] The measurement of sound or noise shall be made with a Type 1 or Type 2 sound level meter which meet the standards prescribed in ANSI S1.4:2014, Specification for Sound Level Meters. The instruments shall be maintained in calibration and good working order . A minimum of three sound level readings shall be taken. The average of these readings will be used as the average sound level. If the background noise is equal to the levels set forth in this section, 3 dB shall be subtracted out of the average sound level. [2] The slow meter response of the sound level meter shall be used to determine that the average amplitude has not exceeded the dBA readings or the limiting noise spectra set forth in this section. 77 Winchester Gateway Data Center - Addendum | 01.06.2025 salasobrien.com 4 [3] Unless otherwise specified, the measurement shall be taken at the property boundary on which such noise is generated. (b) Any additions, alterations, or expansion of a facility or its equipment shall require a new noise impact assessment to be submitted and approved by the Zoning Administrator. (c) If the post construction noise study exceeds the maximum noise level permitted, additional noise mitigation strategies, improvements, or operational changes shall be required. (3) Any equipment necessary for cooling, ventilating, or otherwise operating the facility, including power generators or other power supply equipment on the property, whether ground-mounted or roof-mounted, shall include the following noise-mitigation elements: (a) Low-noise emission fans. (b) Acoustic wraps for compressors and oil separators. (c) An acoustic perimeter, which may include a perimeter around a group of individual chillers, which may be louvered or solid. (d) Other sound-attenuation measures as approved by the Zoning Administrator. The owner shall provide documentation, in the form of technical specifications, photographs, and/or engineered plans, of the above mitigation measures contained in Subsection E(3) with each building permit for a data center building on the property and shall further provide documentation that such measures have been installed concurrently with each occupancy. Winchester, Virginia – Code of Ordinances Chapter 17 as of December 3rd, 2025: Sec. 17-6. - Noises prohibited—Enumeration. The following acts shall be unlawful: (4) To permit, operate, or cause any source of sound to create a sound level in another person's residential dwelling in excess of 65 dBA when measured inside the receiving structure at least four feet from the wall nearest the source, with doors and windows to the receiving area closed. Sec. 17-7.1. - Maximum nighttime sound levels in residential zones. No person shall operate or cause any source of sound in such a manner as to create a sound level in a residential zone during the hours between 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. in excess of 60 dBA when measured at the property boundary of the receiving land. The f oregoing shall not be deemed to include sound generation from any bona fide agricultural activity, including noise caused by livestock. 78 Winchester Gateway Data Center - Addendum | 01.06.2025 salasobrien.com 5 APPENDIX B – 1-HOUR METRICS The previous measurements that were completed from October 22nd-24th, 2025 included both the spot measurements and two different logging meters that were capturing data every second. The following additional metrics were calculated based on those logged results. Date Hour Apple Valley Road Route 37 Lmin L90 Leq L10 Lmax Lmin L90 Leq L10 Lmax 10/22/2025 11:00 46 51 66 64 94 47 53 59 62 74 12:00 43 48 62 65 79 45 52 59 62 71 13:00 46 50 67 63 98 45 53 59 62 74 14:00 46 51 63 67 77 46 55 65 69 83 15:00 47 51 66 70 92 53 63 70 73 88 16:00 47 50 64 70 77 53 62 70 73 81 17:00 46 51 65 70 80 55 63 70 73 86 18:00 47 50 69 68 100 55 62 69 72 86 19:00 43 47 59 57 76 52 58 67 71 84 20:00 42 47 61 61 78 47 56 67 70 85 21:00 38 43 57 56 78 42 52 63 67 77 22:00 38 42 52 52 74 41 48 61 65 78 23:00 38 41 54 53 76 41 44 59 62 76 10/23/2025 0:00 36 38 64 49 97 40 42 68 60 100 1:00 37 40 45 46 72 37 40 57 59 78 2:00 35 37 44 48 56 35 38 79 62 111 3:00 35 37 51 50 75 34 37 62 62 90 4:00 35 41 55 53 79 39 49 61 65 80 5:00 42 47 67 59 97 48 55 71 70 100 6:00 47 51 62 63 79 51 61 70 73 81 7:00 47 53 64 68 78 58 65 71 74 83 8:00 46 54 65 70 80 54 62 71 74 86 9:00 44 48 62 65 79 51 59 69 72 83 10:00 45 49 66 64 95 52 59 69 72 86 11:00 45 49 64 65 92 47 57 71 71 101 12:00 45 49 63 68 78 48 58 77 71 109 13:00 44 48 62 63 79 50 58 75 73 103 79 Winchester Gateway Data Center - Addendum | 01.06.2025 salasobrien.com 6 14:00 45 50 64 69 78 51 60 70 72 87 15:00 47 51 66 71 95 56 63 71 74 95 16:00 46 50 65 70 79 55 64 71 74 86 17:00 46 50 64 69 79 55 64 74 74 103 18:00 47 50 63 66 80 52 63 70 73 87 19:00 45 48 61 61 79 52 59 69 72 88 20:00 41 46 67 59 98 40 54 69 71 99 21:00 36 43 58 59 78 38 54 63 67 77 22:00 39 43 52 52 75 43 52 62 66 76 23:00 38 42 54 54 74 35 47 61 65 75 10/24/2025 0:00 36 40 53 51 79 34 40 60 64 76 1:00 39 41 51 51 74 34 37 58 61 76 2:00 38 41 49 52 64 34 39 59 62 78 3:00 37 41 52 52 77 34 40 67 62 100 4:00 41 45 66 55 98 40 52 61 64 79 5:00 44 50 59 59 76 43 56 64 67 79 6:00 50 54 62 62 79 53 60 66 69 79 7:00 53 56 61 64 78 57 62 68 70 78 8:00 - - - - - 50 58 67 70 79 80 Winchester Gateway Data Center - Addendum | 01.06.2025 salasobrien.com 7 APPENDIX C – SOUND LEVEL MAPS WITH EXISTING SOURCE CONTRIBUTIONS Normal Operations – Day 81 Winchester Gateway Data Center - Addendum | 01.06.2025 salasobrien.com 8 Normal Operations – Night 82 Winchester Gateway Data Center - Addendum | 01.06.2025 salasobrien.com 9 Test Conditions – Day 83 Winchester Gateway Data Center - Addendum | 01.06.2025 salasobrien.com 10 Emergency Conditions – Day 84 Winchester Gateway Data Center - Addendum | 01.06.2025 salasobrien.com 11 Emergency Conditions – Night 85 Addendum 2 Winchester Gateway Data Center – 2565-00642 INTRODUCTION This report is to provide supplemental information to the previous report dated November 24th, 2025 based on the comments from Frederick County dated January 23, 2026. METHODS AND EQUIPMENT The spot measurements were done using a type 1 sound level meter to collect frequency data: • SLM 1 o Brüel and Kjær 2250 serial # 2506423 o Mic type Brüel and Kjær 4189 serial # 2933077 o Field calibrated The 24 hour unattended measurements were done using type 2 sound level meters using 1 second logging: Equipment: • LSLM 1 o Extech SDL600 serial # 453092 o Field calibrated • LSLM 2 o Extech SDL600 serial # 453045 o Field calibrated • Microphone Calibrator o B&K 4231 serial # 2518080 MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS Short term measurements were taken along Middle Rd see Appendix C. The measurement at the Northeast corner was in line with the other measurements along Route 37 and the measurements at the Northwest corner was in line with the other measurements along Apple Vally Rd. These primary sources at each corner were identified to be either Route 37 and Apple Valley Rd respectively, and the sound was characterized in each of those categories. 86 PROPERTY LINE PREDICTIONS Daytime noise level (dBA) at property line inclusive of existing ambient traffic levels: Normal Operations Test Conditions Emergency Conditions North 65 66 66 Northwest 65 65 65 Southwest 70 70 70 South 54 54 56 East 65 65 65 Nighttime noise level (dBA) at property line inclusive of existing ambient traffic levels: Normal Operations Test Conditions Emergency Conditions North 55 56 59 Northwest 47 47 50 Southwest 59 59 60 South 51 51 53 East 53 53 53 EQUIPMENT The equipment selection indicated here is preliminary and while indicative of potential intent, will undergo substantial changes, in either (or both) quantities of equipment and equipment selections, once a mechanical engineer has completed a full design package. The cutsheets for the equipment used in this study is included on the following pages. Significant quantities of mechanical sources of noise were placed according to the layout on page 10 of the initial report. Contributors: ALEX HORNECKER, INCE Bd. Cert. Senior Consultant, Acoustics D 469.726.4275 E alex.hornecker@salasobrien.com Aaron Walker Acoustic Designer D 303.472.0779 E aaron.walker@salasobrien.com 87 CRAC Submittal Presented to: Equipment Manufacturer AboveAir Technologies 5179 Mountville Rd Frederick, MD 21703 Manufacturer's Representative AirReps, LLC 3290 146th Place SE, Suite F Bellevue, WA 98007 Date: 11/14/2024 - Rev. 1 88 Air Reps, LLC AboveAir Technologies Equipment: Tag: CRAC-1-1,2,3,4; Qty. Four(4) Model MCE-097D-4-ESH-AE-1D-EC-DFB-E, 27.5 Ton Nom., MC2 MissionCriticalTM, Split DX Evaporator, (460/3/60) w/ Qty. Four(4) Model XPX- 097D-4-00-00-00-VF-FL, DX-Air Cooled Remote Outdoor Condenser, (460/3/60). Tag: CRAC-1-5,6; Qty. Two(2) Model MCE-105D-4-ESH-AE-1D-EC-DFB-E, 30.0 Ton Nom., MC2 MissionCriticalTM, Split DX Evaporator, (460/3/60) w/ Qty. Two(2) Model XPX-105D-4-00- 00-00-VF-FL DX-Air Cooled Remote Outdoor Condenser, (460/3/60). Note: If applicable, Compressor Sound Jacket, Voltage/Phase Monitor, Hose Kit, Spare Filters, Refrigerant piping, Secondary Drain Pans, Rigging, Installation, Labor & Labor Warranty to be supplied by others. Submitted by: FOR APPROVAL - EQUIPMENT SUBMITTAL Project: Engineer: N/A Contractor: AboveAir Rep: AboveAir Technologies Date: November 14, 2024 AboveAir Technologies, LLC 5179 Mountville Road., Frederick, Maryland 21703 USA Tel: 301-874-1130 Fax: 301-874-1131 89 Submittal Comment Responses 11/14/2024 - Rev 1 1. The correct condenser nomenclature is XPX. The XP2 nomenclature in the spec is a previous model number for the same unit. AboveAir doe not have an updated spec reflecting the change. There is no effect to the equipment being provided. 2. Updated unit tags to “CRAC”. 3. Yes, all units provide 15,000 CFM of cooled air at the specified altitude. 4. There factory mounted temperature sensor in the mixed air section of the unit to meaure the temperature from the mixing box for economizer control. 5. 24V, 100VA transformers were coordinated for previouly approved sites. I discussed with Lu at Salas and he approved proceeding with 24V. Once actuator submittals are received he will confirm sufficient transformer capacity. 6. Humidifiers were revised to 30 lbs/hr capacity with no impact to cost. 7. AboveAir does not offer a labor warrany. Labor warranty will be provided by Air Reps. 90 Submittal Data Sheet MC™ MissionCritical AC Equipment 1 of 2 11/8/2024 R00 Unit Tag CRAC-1-1,2,3,4 Project Evap Model, Qty (4)MCE-097D-4-ESH-AE-1D-EC-DFB-E Engineer Salas O'Brien Cond Model, Qty (4)XPX-097D-4-00-00-00-VF-FV Contractor TBD Unit Type AboveAir Rep Air Reps (Zach Levine) Date Electrical Data 65k SCCR Condenser Data Evap Section Power 460-480/3/60 Total Heat of Rej.454.8 MBh Evap Nameplate 101.5 FLA | 116.7 MCA | 125 MOP Coil Construction Aluminum Finned, Copper Tube Cond Section Power 460-480/3/60 Airflow 22,000 cfm @ 0.00 in w.g. ESP Cond Nameplate 9.3 FLA | 11.6 MCA | 20 MOP Fan Type, Qty (2)ECM Axial Fan Low Ambient Control Variable Speed Fan (-20°F) Design Ambient Conditions Motor kW / FLA (each)3.4 kW / 4.7 FLA Summer 104.6°F DB / 78.4°F WB Winter -2.0°F DB Dual Cool Coil Data Gross Capacity N/A Design Space/Return Conditions Net Capacity N/A Cooling 85.0°F DB / 67.0°F WB EAT / LAT N/A Heating 70.0°F DB EWT / LWT N/A GPM @ Ft Hd N/A Supply Air Fan Data Fluid Type N/A Total Airflow Rate 15,000 cfm 164' Altitude Face Area / Rows / FPI N/A Outdoor Airflow Rate 00 cfm OA / 0.0%Construction N/A ESP / TSP 0.30 in w.g. / 1.23 in w.g.Control Valve N/A Fan Type, Qty (3)ECM Direct Drive BI Impeller Control Valve Cv N/A Motor kW / FLA (Each)4.5 kW / 5.9 FLA Fan Speed Control Constant Speed Unit Mounted Heat Data Type SCR Electric Heat Cooling Coil Data Capacity / FLA 30.0 kW / 37.7 FLA Gross Capacity 357.5 TMBh / 354.8 SMBh Operation Reheat/Heat Net Capaticty 341.1 TMBh / 338.4 SMBh EAT / LAT 63.2°F / 69.5°F Mixed EAT 85.0°F DB / 67.0°F WB EWT / LWT N/A Coil LAT 63.2°F DB / 59.4°F WB GPM @ Ft Hd N/A Condensate Flow 6.8 lb/hr Fluid N/A Face Area / Rows / FPI 28.2 ft² / 3 / 12 Face Area / Rows / FPI N/A Construction Aluminum Finned, Copper Tube Construction Stainless Steel Elements Control Valve N/A Hot Gas Reheat Coil Data Control Valve Cv N/A Capacity N/A LAT (@ Max Output)N/A Humidification Data Face Area / Rows / FPI N/A Type Steam Canister Construction N/A Steam Capacity / FLA 30 lb/hr / 12.8 FLA Control N/A Operation Always Available Compressor Data Unit Configuration & Airflow Patterns Comp 1 Type Digital Scroll ● Downflow: Free or Ducted Top Return/Bottom Discharge Comp 1 LRA / RLA 150.0 LRA / 23.1 RLA ● Top Piping Connections Comp 2 Type Fixed Speed Scroll ● Remote Free Discharge Split Condenser Comp 2 LRA / RLA 150.0 LRA / 23.1 RLA ● No Plenum Box Location Evaporator Section ● 12" High (Adj. 11.2"-14") Field Installed Seismic Floor Stand Refrigerant Type R-410a ● Seismic Construction, Evaporator and Condenser 27.5 Ton (Dual/Lead Digital) Nom. MC ACU w/ Split Condenser 14-Nov-24 www.aboveair.com sales@aboveair.com AboveAir Technologies 5179 Mountville Road Frederick, Maryland 21703 USA Ph: 301-874-1130 Fax: 301-874-1131 91 Submittal Data Sheet MC™ MissionCritical AC Equipment 2 of 2 11/8/2024 R00 Refrigerant Field Connections Control Type Indoor Unit (Qty 2 ea.)3/4"OD Liq & 1 1/8" OD Discharge Indoor HG Reheat N/A Outdoor Unit (Qty 2 ea.)3/4"OD Liq & 1 1/8" OD Discharge Control Sequence Outdoor HG Reheat N/A Connection Data Sensors & Displays Condensate Drain 1/2" OD Humidifier Supply 1/4" OD Copper Hot Water N/A Dual Cool N/A ● Unit Mounted Return Air Temperature Sensor Air Filtration Data Filter Control Options ● BMS Card (BACnet MSTP) Physical Data ● Multi-Unit Sequencing Dimensions See attached cut sheet ● Airside Economizer - Dry Bulb + Enthalpy Control Evap / Cond Weight 3100 lb / 1715 lb Factory Warranties (Labor Not Included) Coil Coatings Factory Installed Optional Accessories Select Standard Design Features ● Heavy Duty Gavanneal Steel Construction ● High Efficiency Scroll Compressor ● TXV with External Equilization ● High & Low Refrigerant Pressure Safety Switches ● Stainless Steel Drain Pan with Overflow Safety Switch ● Fused Disconnect (Cond Section) 65 kA SCCR ● Intertek (ETL) UL STD 1995 Listed/Labeled ● Factory installed and tested controls ● Each unit factory tested per UL 1995 Requirements Field Installed Optional Accessories System Notes ● MC-2000S RH Std DX Temp & Humidity Control ● MC-Series Advanced Microprocessor w/ Alarms 3. Max total equivalent line length is 150 feet. 1. System ships with a dry nitrogen charge. ● Water Detector (Probe/Spot Type) ● Neoprene Vibration Isolators (Evap Section) ● Extra Filters (1 Set)2. Do not install refrigerant piping based upon connection sizes. Refrigerant piping runs must be sized according to piping requirements at www.aboveairioms.com. ● Supply Air Coils - No Coatings ● Condenser Coil - No Coatings Qty (4) 20x25x4 & Qty (4) 16x25x4 (Merv 13) 4. Include 24V, 100VA transformer to power field provided damper. ● 1 Year Limited Parts Warranty ● Extended 2 Year (Total 3 Years) Control Board and Humidifier Warranty (Parts Only) ● Extended 4 Year (Total 5 Years) Compressor Warranty ● Through-Door Main Power Disconnect (Evap Section) 65k SCCR ● Condensate Pump (48' lift) ● Firestat ● Smoke Detector ● Unit Mtd Human Machine Interface (HMI) ● Wall Mounted Temperature & Humidity Sensor ● Duct Mounted OA Temperature Sensor www.aboveair.com sales@aboveair.com AboveAir Technologies 5179 Mountville Road Frederick, Maryland 21703 USA Ph: 301-874-1130 Fax: 301-874-1131 92 Submittal Data Sheet MC™ MissionCritical AC Equipment 1 of 2 11/8/2024 R00 Unit Tag CRAC 1-5, 1-6 Project Evap Model, Qty (2)MCE-105D-4-ESH-AE-1D-EC-DFB-E Engineer Salas O'Brien Cond Model, Qty (2)XPX-105D-4-00-00-00-VF-FV Contractor TBD Unit Type AboveAir Rep Air Reps (Zach Levine) Date Electrical Data 65k SCCR Condenser Data Evap Section Power 460-480/3/60 Total Heat of Rej.509.8 MBh Evap Nameplate 109.2 FLA | 125.3 MCA | 150 MOP Coil Construction Aluminum Finned, Copper Tube Cond Section Power 460-480/3/60 Airflow 22,000 cfm @ 0.00 in w.g. ESP Cond Nameplate 9.3 FLA | 11.6 MCA | 20 MOP Fan Type, Qty (2)ECM Axial Fan Low Ambient Control Variable Speed Fan (-20°F) Design Ambient Conditions Motor kW / FLA (each)3.4 kW / 4.7 FLA Summer 104.6°F DB / 78.4°F WB Winter -2.0°F DB Dual Cool Coil Data Gross Capacity N/A Design Space/Return Conditions Net Capacity N/A Cooling 85.0°F DB / 67.0°F WB EAT / LAT N/A Heating 70.0°F DB EWT / LWT N/A GPM @ Ft Hd N/A Supply Air Fan Data Fluid Type N/A Total Airflow Rate 15,000 cfm 164' Altitude Face Area / Rows / FPI N/A Outdoor Airflow Rate 00 cfm OA / 0.0%Construction N/A ESP / TSP 0.30 in w.g. / 1.23 in w.g.Control Valve N/A Fan Type, Qty (3)ECM Direct Drive BI Impeller Control Valve Cv N/A Motor kW / FLA (Each)4.5 kW / 5.9 FLA Fan Speed Control Constant Speed Unit Mounted Heat Data Type SCR Electric Heat Cooling Coil Data Capacity / FLA 30.0 kW / 37.7 FLA Gross Capacity 391.9 TMBh / 390.7 SMBh Operation Reheat/Heat Net Capaticty 375.5 TMBh / 374.3 SMBh EAT / LAT 61.0°F / 67.3°F Mixed EAT 85.0°F DB / 67.0°F WB EWT / LWT N/A Coil LAT 61.0°F DB / 58.6°F WB GPM @ Ft Hd N/A Condensate Flow 4.6 lb/hr Fluid N/A Face Area / Rows / FPI 28.2 ft² / 3 / 12 Face Area / Rows / FPI N/A Construction Aluminum Finned, Copper Tube Construction Stainless Steel Elements Control Valve N/A Hot Gas Reheat Coil Data Control Valve Cv N/A Capacity N/A LAT (@ Max Output)N/A Humidification Data Face Area / Rows / FPI N/A Type Steam Canister Construction N/A Steam Capacity / FLA 30 lb/hr / 10.7 FLA Control N/A Operation Always Available Compressor Data Unit Configuration & Airflow Patterns Comp 1 Type Digital Scroll ● Downflow: Free or Ducted Top Return/Bottom Discharge Comp 1 LRA / RLA 173.0 LRA / 26.9 RLA ● Top Piping Connections Comp 2 Type Fixed Speed Scroll ● Remote Free Discharge Split Condenser Comp 2 LRA / RLA 173.0 LRA / 26.9 RLA ● No Plenum Box Location Evaporator Section ● 12" High Seismic Floor Stand Refrigerant Type R-410a 30.0 Ton (Dual/Lead Digital) Nom. MC ACU w/ Split Condenser 14-Nov-24 www.aboveair.com sales@aboveair.com AboveAir Technologies 5179 Mountville Road Frederick, Maryland 21703 USA Ph: 301-874-1130 Fax: 301-874-1131 93 Submittal Data Sheet MC™ MissionCritical AC Equipment 2 of 2 11/8/2024 R00 Refrigerant Field Connections Control Type Indoor Unit (Qty 2 ea.)3/4"OD Liq & 1 1/8" OD Discharge Indoor HG Reheat N/A Outdoor Unit (Qty 2 ea.)3/4"OD Liq & 1 1/8" OD Discharge Control Sequence Outdoor HG Reheat N/A Connection Data Sensors & Displays Condensate Drain 1/2" OD Humidifier Supply 1/4" OD Copper Hot Water N/A Dual Cool N/A ● Unit Mounted Return Air Temperature Sensor Air Filtration Data Filter Control Options ● BMS Card (BACnet MSTP) Physical Data ● Multi-Unit Sequencing Dimensions See attached cut sheet ● Airside Economizer - Dry Bulb + Enthalpy Control Evap / Cond Weight 3120 lb / 1715 lb Factory Warranties (Labor Not Included) Coil Coatings Factory Installed Optional Accessories Select Standard Design Features ● Heavy Duty Gavanneal Steel Construction ● High Efficiency Scroll Compressor ● TXV with External Equilization ● High & Low Refrigerant Pressure Safety Switches ● Fused Disconnect (Cond Section) 65 kA SCCR ● Stainless Steel Drain Pan with Overflow Safety Switch ● Intertek (ETL) UL STD 1995 Listed/Labeled ● Factory installed and tested controls ● Each unit factory tested per UL 1995 Requirements Field Installed Optional Accessories System Notes ● Through-Door Main Power Disconnect (Evap Section) 65k SCCR ● Condensate Pump (48' Lift) ● Firestat ● Smoke Detector ● MC-2000S RH Std DX Temp & Humidity Control ● MC-Series Advanced Microprocessor w/ Alarms 3. Max total equivalent line length is 150 feet. 1. System ships with a dry nitrogen charge. ● Water Detector (Probe/Spot Type) ● Neoprene Vibration Isolators (Evap Section) ● Extra Filters (1 Set)2. Do not install refrigerant piping based upon connection sizes. Refrigerant piping runs must be sized according to piping requirements at www.aboveairioms.com. ● Supply Air Coils - No Coatings ● Condenser Coil - No Coatings Qty (4) 20x25x4 & Qty (4) 16x25x4 (Merv 13) 4. Seismic construction on evaporator and condenser ● 1 Year Limited Parts Warranty ● Extended 2 Year Control Board and Humidifier Warranty (Parts Only) ● 4 Year Extended Compressor Warranty 5. Include 24V, 100VA transformer to power field provided damper. ● Unit Mtd Human Machine Interface (HMI) ● Wall Mounted Temperature & Humidity Sensor ● Duct Mounted OA Temperature Sensor www.aboveair.com sales@aboveair.com AboveAir Technologies 5179 Mountville Road Frederick, Maryland 21703 USA Ph: 301-874-1130 Fax: 301-874-1131 94 MD3413-2-V2-0001Dwg No.12/6/22 MC2-DF-E Packaged BD V2 DescriptionTel: (301) 874-1130BRevDateFront ViewFilter Access(Hinged Removable)PanelAccess(Hinged Removable)PanelAccess(Hinged Removable)PanelNF DisconnectMain PowerPanelAccessAccess 84.50 76.00 7.50 132.00 1.00 AccessLeft ViewPanelPiping & UtilityConnections Area(Optional)Air OutletMicro ControllerRear View 132.00 Right ViewAccessPanel 0.79 33.95 33.24 1" Duct FlangeTop ViewAir InletPiping & UtilityConnections Area(Optional) 132.00 107.06 33.24 Piping & UtilityConnections Area(Standard)Air OutletBottom View 18.25 18.25 25.50 4.87 18.25 6.41 15.50 18.00 Air Inlet95 DCBABCD1234567887654321EFEFA ENGRCHKRDATE BY ZONEAPVDDESCRIPTIONREVREVISIONS ECN23C002MATERIALARL1919SHEET 5 OF 16Assembly, Floor Stand -MC2-E (Seismic) 8/23/23 YATES-SCALE: 1:10REVDWG. NO.CSIZETITLE:NAME DATEECN NO.MGRENGRCHKRDRAWN DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHESTOLERANCES (UNLESS NOTED):HOLE SIZE: .005HOLE TO EDGE: .010HOLE TO HOLE: .010HOLE TO FOLD: .015FOLD TO FOLD: .015ANGULAR: 1AboveAir Technologies, LLCNOTES:1. PAINT ALL SIDES AND EDGES. COVER NUT THREADS PRIOR TO PAINTING.ITEM NO. PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION QTY.11 HNUT 0.6250-11-D-N Nut, Hex 5/8-11 1010 RL40233-2 Rail, Floor Stand Gusset Side 12" - MC2-E (Seismic) 69 RL40231 Rail, Nut - Universal (Seismic) 108 RL40230-2 Rail, Floor Stand Bottom Side Frame (Seismic) - MC2-E 57 RL40230-3Rail, Floor Stand Bottom Front-Rear Frame Packaged (Seismic) - MC2-E26 RL40229-2 Rail, Floor Stand Gusset Corner 12" (Seismic) - MC2-E 45 RL40228-5 Rail, Floor Stand Leg 12" (Seismic) - MC2-E 104 RL40227-4 Rail, Floor Stand Frame Center (Seismic) - MC2-E 33 RL40227-1 Rail, Floor Stand Frame Side (Seismic) - MC2-E 22 RL40227-6 Rail, Floor Stand Frame Rear Packaged (Seismic) - MC2-E 11 RL40227-5 Rail, Floor Stand Frame Front Packaged (Seismic) - MC2-E 1ARL1919-E-P-12MC2-E SEISMIC PACKAGED 12"2" SQRCENTER ON HOLESCALE 1 : 5DETAIL B9TYPICAL (6) PLACESFRONT RAIL & GUSSET HIDDEN FOR CLARITY10IN RAILCENTER ON LEG5 .188 8.125 FAR SIDE TYPICAL 4.500 3.000 3.000 4.500 4X 1.000 FRONT LABELFAR SIDE TYPICAL610AB 9.309 2.000 9.000 4X 3.000 50.969 92.938 117.875 8X 1.000 24X .375 44433217788888 34.756 33.500 36.681 24.938 2.000ALL TOP RAILS 32.813 129.875 1.500ALL BOTTOM RAILS2" SQRSCALE 1 : 5DETAIL A9TYPICAL (4) CORNERSFRONT RAIL & GUSSET HIDDEN FOR CLARITY10CENTER ON HOLEIN RAILCENTER ON LEG5 .188 8.125 96 MD3376-3-0001Dwg No. 8/21/24Rev Twin EC Fans (Seismic) DescriptionTel: (301) 874-1130BXPU-XPX 25-30T (Dual Circuit)DateAir InletCondenserFront ViewAccessPanelCondenserAir Inlet 3.00 3.00 86.48 10.06 85.03 95.09 92.48 ConnectionsElectricDX - RefrigerantConnectionsDX - RefrigerantRight ViewBoxMain Power Non-FusedDisconnect (Optional) 70.48 3.00 3.00 76.48 Unobstructed Vertical Clearance RequiredMinimum RequiredClearances 72.00 42.00 42.00 72.00 Left View 46.25 11.75 62.13 4.13 69.03 Top ViewCondenserAir OutletBottom ViewA 30.00 30.00 38.00 2.25 81.98 2.25 2.25 65.98 2.25 38.00 Fasten To Unit With Supplied HardwareDETAIL ATiedown Angle(6) PlacesUnit Base0.50 5.24 5.24 1.00 1.00 Air InletCondenserRear ViewAccessPanelCondenserAir Inlet97 MC-2000S RH Temperature & Humidity Control Th e MC-2000S RH control sequence provides temperature and humidity control for a single zone. Th e outdoor air percentage should be no greater than 20%. Unit Operation Unit operation is initiated when all points are in their run positions. System Enable: Th e system enable is controlled at the unit’s display terminal, within the system enable menu. Remote Stop/Start: Remote stop/start NC contacts are pro- vided on all units and ship from the factory jumpered for continuous operation. BMS Control: Th e unit is provided with an optional point that may be written by a BMS to index unit operation. Schedule Control: Th e unit is provided with a local schedule that may be set to operate the unit in Occupied or Unoccu- pied modes based on its time clock. Fan Control When the unit is indexed for operation and in its occupied mode, the supply fan shall be energized aft er a 30 second delay (adj.) to allow for optional control damper actua- tion. Th e fan shall run continuously. Aft er an additional 15 second delay (adj.) to allow for air proving, the unit shall operate as described herein. Set Point Control (Optional): Th e system is provided with direct-drive, backwards inclined ECM impellers for balanc- ing only. Fan will maintain a constant speed setting (100% output, adj.). System Mode Th e unit provides automatic change-over between cooling, heating, dehumidifi cation, and humidifi cation operation. Th e cooling and heating set points are separated by a dead band (5°F, adj.) to minimize unit cycling and prevent si- multaneous cooling and heating. Th e dehumidifi cation and humidifi cation set points are also separated by a dead band (10%RH, adj.) to prevent simultaneous dehumidifi cation and humidifi cation operation. Cooling Operation On a rise in space temperature by 1°F above the cooling set point (75°F, adj.), the unit shall energize its fi rst compres- sor stage. Th e fi rst compressor shall energize at 100% and modulate to meet the space set point (digital scrolls only). For dual circuit units, on a rise in space temperature by an ad- ditional 1°F, and a minimum delay of 3 minutes, the second compressor stage shall energize. On a fall in space temperature, the second compressor stage (if applicable) shall de-energize. On a continued fall in space temperature, the fi rst compressor stage shall be de- energized. All compressors are subject to a minimum run time of 3 minutes and a minimum off time of 3 minutes to prevent short cycling. Economizer (Air-Side Economizer, Optional) If the outside air condition is below the economizer set point (69°F, adj.), the unit shall modulate the economizer dampers open. If the outdoor air temperature falls below 55°F (adj.), mechanical cooling shall be locked out and the dampers shall modulate to maintain 55°F into the unit. On a fall in space temperature, the dampers shall return to their normal positions. CO2 Damper Control (Optional): Th e economizer damper may also be set to respond to space CO2 level to provide demand control ventilation (<20% outdoor air). If the space CO2 level rises above the CO2 set point (700 ppm, adj.) by 50 ppm, the damper shall open to provide the unit’s maxi- mum outdoor air supply (<20%). On a fall in space CO2 level, the damper shall return to its minimum position. If both economizer and CO2 operation are required simulta- neously, the damper shall open to satisfy the larger require- ment. Freecool (Water-Side Economizer, Water Cooled Only, Optional) If the condenser water temperature is below the freecool set point (45°F, adj.), the unit shall energize its freecooling valve as its fi rst stage of cooling in lieu of the fi rst compres- sor stage. Th e valve shall modulate to meet the space set point (modulating valves only). On a fall in space temperature, the freecool valve shall be de-energized. On a continued rise in space temperature by 1°F and a minimum delay of 3 minutes, the freecool valve shall be de-energized and the unit shall sequence its mechanical cooling stages to meet the temperature requirement. MC-2000S RH: Temperature and Humidity Control Sequence & Installation Schematic http://www.aboveair.com sales@aboveair.com 301-874-1130 98 Dehumidifi cation Operation If the unit is not operating in its cooling or heating mode and on a rise in space humidity above set point (55%RH, adj.) by 1%RH, the unit shall enter its dehumidifi cation mode. Th e unit shall energize its fi rst compressor. Th e fi rst compressor shall energize at 100% and modulate to meet the space set point (digital scrolls only). On a fall in space humidity, the fi rst compressor shall be de-energized. Reheat Operation When the unit is in its dehumidifi cation mode, reheat is available. Th e hot gas reheat coil (if applicable) is the fi rst stage of reheat. Additional heating stages (hot water, elec- tric) may be enabled for reheat operation. Reheat stages shall energize to maintain the heating set point, as described under the Heating Operation section. Heating Operation On a fall in space temperature by 1°F below the heating set point (70°F, adj.), the unit shall energize its fi rst heating stage. Th e fi rst heating stage shall modulate to meet the space set point (SCR or modulating valves only). On a fall in space temperature by an additional 1°F, and a minimum delay of 3 minutes, the second heat stage shall energize. On a rise in space temperature, the second heat stage (if applicable) shall de-energize. On a continued rise in space temperature, the fi rst heat stage shall be de-energized. Humidifi cation Operation If the unit is not in its cooling mode, on a fall in space hu- midity below the humidifi cation set point (45%RH, adj.) by 1%RH, the humidifi er shall be energized. On a rise in space humidity, the humidifi er shall be de- energized. Head Pressure Control (Fan Cycling) Condenser fan operation shall be controlled by a fan cy- cling switch. On a rise in system pressure above 275 psig, the condneser fan shall be energized. On a fall in system pressure below 210 psig, the codnenser fan shall be de- energized. Note: not available with digital scroll compressor option. Head Pressure Control (Air-Cooled Units, ECM or VFD) Th e condenser fan motor shall ramp up gently and operate continuously while the compressors are operating. Th e fan shall vary its speed to maintain the head pressure set point (325 psig, adj.), as controlled by the adjustable head pres- sure control PID loop. Head Pressure Control (Air-Cooled Units, p266) Th e condenser fan motor shall ramp up gently and operate continuously while the compressors are operating. Th e p266 controller shall vary the fan speed to maintain the head pressure set point. Head Pressure Control (Flooded Head Pressure) Th e unit is provided with a fl ooded head pressure control valve. On a rise in condensing pressure above 275 psig, the head pressure control valve opens to allow liquid refriger- ant to fl ow from the condenser into the receiver. On a fall in condensing pressure, the valve modulates to bypass discharge gas around the condenser; this bypass causes the pressure at the outlet of the condenser to increase and the condenser fl oods with liquid refrigerant. Note: not available with digital scroll compressor option. Head Pressure Control (Water-Cooled Units, modulating valve) On a call for compressor operation, the compressor start shall be delayed for 60 seconds (adj.) to allow the valve to fully open. Aft er an initial modulation delay of 90 seconds (adj.), the valve shall modulate between its minimum and maximum operating positions based on the adjustable head pressure control PID loop and head pressure set point (325 psig, adj.). Head Pressure Control (Water-Cooled Units, mechanical valve) Th e unit is provided with a direct-acting pressure-actuated water control valve. On an increase in condenser pressure, the water control valve shall modulate towards its open po- sition. On a descrease in condenser pressure, the valve shall modulate towards its closed position. Note: not available with digital scroll compressor option. Unoccupied Operation If the unit utilizes the system schedule, then during unoc- cupied hours the fan shall be de-energized. If the space temperature falls below the unoccupied heat set point (60°F, adj.) by 1°F or rises above the unoccupied cooling set point MC-2000S RH: Temperature and Humidity Control Sequence & Installation Schematic http://www.aboveair.com sales@aboveair.com 301-874-1130 Rev 1.2 6/16/202099 (80°F, adj.) by 1°F, the fan shall energize and the unit shall operate as described herein. On satisfaction of unoccupied set point, the unit shall de-energize the fan. System Alarms Air Proving: A diff erential pressure switch or current sens- ing switch (optional) closes to confi rm airfl ow prior to the activation of other mechanical components. If the switch doesn’t close aft er an adjustable time delay or opens during unit operation, the unit shall lock-out operation and enun- ciate an alarm. Dirty Filter: An adjustable diff erential pressure switch shall open when the pressure drop across the fi lter exceeds the desired pressure drop and enunciates an alarm. Condensate Alarm: A condensate pan switch, condensate pump overfl ow switch (optional), and water leak detec- tor (optional) are connected in a NC series to detect high condensate. On a high condensate condition, the circuit will open and shut down all mechanical cooling or lock-out unit operation (optional) and enunciate an alarm. High Refrigerant Pressure: Th e high refrigerant pressure (>600 psig, auto-reset) switch shall open on a high pres- sure condition and shut down compressor operation. If the switch resets, the system will attempt to restart the compres- sor up to 3 times in 10 minutes. If the switch does not reset within 90 seconds or on 3 failed start attempts, the system shall lock-out compressor operation, and enunciate an alarm. Low Refrigerant Pressure: Th e low refrigerant pressure (<50 psig) shall open on a low pressure condition and aft er a time delay (90s, adjustable), shall lock-out compressor operation and enunciate an alarm. Life Safety: A smoke detector (optional) and fi restat (op- tional) or remote life safety system shall open a relay and break control power to the microprocessor. Unit operation shall cease. Th e Life Safety Alarm may optionally be routed through the controller to enunciate an alarm and signal the BMS. Sensor Failure: If a sensor is reading out of range for 5 min- utes, the unit shall enunciate an alarm to indicate an issue with the sensor. High and Low Limit Alarms: Adjustable high and low limit alarms are user-adjustable for sensor points. Waterfl ow Switch (Optional): A diff erential water pressure switch is factory installed on the water lines; if the diff eren- tial pressure falls below the adjustable set point, compressor operation shall be locked out. MC-2000S RH: Temperature and Humidity Control Sequence & Installation Schematic http://www.aboveair.com sales@aboveair.com 301-874-1130 100 Sensor Installation Schematic MC-2000S RH: Temperature and Humidity Control Sequence & Installation Schematic http://www.aboveair.com sales@aboveair.com 301-874-1130 All sensors included with your unit must be installed prior to start-up or the unit will not operate. Sensors are typically either NTC type, 4-20mA, or 0-5 VDC. Factory Installed Sensors P-HEAD1(, 2) (Optional, Not Shown): Th e head pressure sensor(s) are factory installed on each circuit. Refer to piping diagrams for location detail. TH-Return (MissionCritical and SpotCool Only, Not Shown): In leiu of a space mounted dry bulb temperature & humidity sensor, the sensor is factory mounted in the unit’s return air section aft er the fi lters. Display Unit Display: All units are shipped with a display terminal and a 50 foot (standard) up to 200 foot cable for connection. Th e display terminal does not contain any sensors. It may be mounted in the space, mechanical room, or left in the electrical box. MissionCriti- cal units ship with the display terminal cabinet-mounted. Th is terminal is required for unit operation. Field Installed Sensors TH-Space (Not Shown): A space mounted dry bulb temperature and humidity sensor is provided with the unit. Th e sensor should be mounted on an interior wall in the space away from all humid- ity and heat sources. Mount the sensor 60” AFF unless otherwise directed by the contract documents. T-OA (Optional, Not Shown): An outdoor air dry bulb tempera- ture sensor is provided when the air-side economizer option is purchased. Th is sensor must be installed in the outside air duct or plenum upstream of all air mixing. T-MA (Optional): A mixed air dry bulb temperature sensor is provided when the air-side economizer option is purchased. Th is sensor must be installed downstream of the mixing box to control the OA and RA damper positions. T-FC (Optional, Not Shown): A condenser water temperature sensor is provided when the freecooling option is purchased. Th is sensor must be mounted on the condenser water feed to the unit, upstream of any control valves so it senses the current condenser water temperature. A-CO2 (Optional, Not Shown): If the unit is purchased with the CO2 control option option, a space or duct-mounted CO2 sensor is provided with the unit for fi eld mounting. T-MA Unit Mounted Heat/Reheat (Electric or HW, Oponal) Supply Fan(s) Hot Gas Reheat Coil (Oponal) DX Coil Filters OA Damper Unit Mounted Heat (Electric, Steam, or HW, Oponal) or Freecooling coil (Oponal) 3 duct widths Duct Mounted Heat/Reheat (Electric or HW, Oponal) RA Damper Airside Economizer & Mixing Box (Oponal) 101 AboveAir™ MissionCritical™ A/C’sAboveAir Technologies (MC2DX-L20.0)1 AboveAir™ vertical floor mounted precision a/c’s (MC2DX-L20.0) Features & Benefits • 21-105kW (6-30 Ton) Capacities • DOE CCMS Compliant per AHRI Standard 1360 for Computer Room Air Conditioners • DX Air, Water & Glycol Cooled Plus Free-Cooling Economizers • Upflow & Downflow Air Patterns • Fixed Speed w/ Hot Gas Bypass; Digital or 2-Spd Scroll Compressors • Total Temp & Humidity Control - Free-Energy Hot Gas Reheat or Electric Reheat/Heat - Steam Humidifier • 7/24/365 Low Ambient Head Pressure Control Options • Microprocessor Controls & More! MC2-DX™ MissionCritical Vertical Floor Mounted A/C’s (Dual Circuit DX) Engineering Manual From 21 to 105 kW 21-105kW (6-30 Tons) “Floor Mounted Precision A/C’s” 102 AboveAir™ MissionCritical™ A/C’s AboveAir Technologies (MC2DX-L20.0)2 Introduction Introduction - MC2-DX (21-105kW, 6-30 Tons) AboveAir™ MissionCritical™ vertical floor mounted precision air conditioners are the reliable envi- ronmental control solution to your precision cooling needs. Available in a wide variety of cooling methods and cabinet configurations including a full range of options, AboveAir™ air conditioners are a step above! 100% Front-Access cabinet design Total Temperature & Humidity Control Up-Flow & Down-Flow air patterns Variety of cooling methods Self-contained & split systems Flexible options and accessories R410a Refrigerant Energy efficient operation Contents Introduction ..............................................................2 Model Configurations ..............................................2 Features and Benefits .............................................3 Model Nomenclature ...............................................4 Guide Specifications ............................................5-9 DX - Cooling Capacity Data .............................10-12 Dual-Cool - Cooling Capacity Data ......................13 Free-Cooling - Cooling Capacity Data ............14-15 Physical Data ....................................................16-17 Heat Rejection Data ..........................................18-19 Electrical Data ...................................................20-23 Typical Wiring Schematics ..............................24-25 Recommended Service Clearance .......................26 Dimensional Data .............................................27-31 Other AboveAir Products ......................Back Cover! DX - Air Cooled, MCE & XPX-() DX - Air Cooled Split with Propeller Fan, Outdoor Remote Condenser DX - Water Cooled, MCW-() DX - Water Cooled Self-Contained (Optional Free-Cooling Economizers!) DX - Glycol Cooled, MCG-() DX - Glycol Cooled Self-Contained Plus Glycol Drycoolers & Pump Packages (Optional Free-Cooling Economizers!) 103 AboveAir™ MissionCritical™ A/C’sAboveAir Technologies (MC2DX-L20.0)3Features & Benefits Features & Benefits - MC2-DX (21-105kW, 6-30 Tons) AboveAir™ MissionCritical™ precision A/C’s are designed to meet your unique applica- tion dependent requirements. Select from a wide range of options and configurations: Standard & Optional Features: • MC-2000, Advanced Microprocessor Controls • Electrode Steam Canister Humidifier • Electric Reheat/Heat or Hot Gas Reheat • Dual Scroll Compressors (Fixed, 2-Spd or Digital) • EC Backward-Inclined Plug Fans • Free-Cooling Economizer Coils • High Efficiency Air Filtration (4” Merv-8, 11 or 13) • Low Ambient Head Pressure Control • 2 & 3-Way 350 psig Water / Glycol Cooled Head Pressure Control Regulating Valves • Hot Gas Bypass • Low Entering Condenser Water/Glycol Kit • Top or Bottom Piping Connections Variety of Standard & Optional Features Accessories: • 2 or 3-Way Plenum Discharge Boxes • Floor Stands & Turning Vanes • Condensate Pumps - Factory Installed • Main Power Electrical Disconnects • Firestats & Smoke Detectors • Remote Water-Leak Detectors • Condenser Water/Glycol Flow Switches • Compressor Sound Jackets • Glycol Pump Packages & Drycoolers • ... and more! 21-105kW (6-30T) Dual Circuit DX Up-Flow Air Pattern Down-Flow Air Pattern 104 AboveAir™ MissionCritical™ A/C’s AboveAir Technologies (MC2DX-L20.0)4 Model Nomenclature Model Nomenclature - MC2-DX (21-105kW, 6-30 Tons) Model Nomenclature Packaged Systems & Split Evaporators a: MC - MissionCritical MC2 Vertical Floor A/C b: E - DX, Split Evaporator (Compressor with Evaporator) G - DX, Glycol Cooled - Packaged Self-Containted W - DX, Water Cooled - Packaged Self-Containted c: 021 = 21kW (6.0T); 028 = 28kW (8.0T); 035 = 35kW (10.0T); 042 = 42kW (12.0T); 053 = 53kW (15.0T); 063 = 63kW (18.0T); 070 = 70kW (20.0T); 088 = 88kW (25.0T); 097 = 97kW (27.5T); 105 = 105kW (30.0T) d: D - Dual Circuit DX System e: 1 - 208-230V / 1 Ph / 60 Hz 3 - 208-230V / 3 Ph / 60 Hz 4 - 460-480V / 3 Ph / 60 Hz 5 - 575V / 3 Ph / 60 Hz 7 - 277V / 1 Ph / 60 Hz 8 - 460-480V / 1 Ph / 60 Hz f: 00 - No Hot Gas Reheat HG - Hot Gas Reheat (2-POS, On/Off) MG - Hot Gas Reheat (Modulating 0-10Vdc) HR - Hot Water Reheat/Heating Coil SR - Steam Reheat/Heating Coil g: 00 - No Unit Mtd Electric Heat EO - Electric Heat Only, No Reheat ER - Electric Reheat/Heat h: 0 - No Humidifier H - Electrode Canister Steam Humidifier i: EC - EC = EC Plug Fan (Direct-Drive, Backward-Inclined Centrifugal Impeller, 0-10Vdc)) j: 00 - No Economizer DC - Dual-Cool / Alternate Water Source Coil FE - Water/Glycol Side Free-Cooling Economizer Coil k: DFB - Down-Flow Evap Air Pattern w/ Free or Ducted Top Return & Bottom Discharge to Raised Floor DFF - Down-Flow Evap Air Pattern w/ Free or Ducted Top Return & Front Free-Discharge to Floor Level UF0 - Up-Flow Evap Air Pattern w/ Front Free-Return & Top Ducted Discharge UF1 - Up-Flow Evap Air Pattern w/ Front Free-Return & Top 1-Way Plenum Discharge Box UF2 - Up-Flow Evap Air Pattern w/ Front Free-Return & Top 2-Way Plenum Discharge Box UF3 - Up-Flow Evap Air Pattern w/ Front Free-Return & Top 3-Way Plenum Discharge Box UFR - Up-Flow Evap Air Pattern w/ Rear Ducted or Free-Return & Top Ducted Discharge l: C2 - MC2 Cabinet Size ... A2 = 21-35kW (6-10T); B2 = 42-53kW (12-15T); C2 = 63-70kW (18-20T); D2 = 88kW (25T); E2 = 97-105kW (27.5-30T) m: D1 - Dual Scroll Compressors - 1st Circuit Fixed Spd w/ Hot Gas Bypass; 2nd Circuit Fixed Spd D3 - Dual Scroll Compressors - 1st Circuit Digital; 2nd Circuit Fixed Spd D6 - Dual Scroll Compressors - 1st Circuit 2-Spd; 2nd Circuit Fixed Speed Split, DX - Remote Condensers & Condensing Units a: VCX - DX, Split Indoor Vertical Floor Mtd Remote Air Cooled Centrifugal Blower Condenser (Compr Located w/ MCE Evap) XCX - DX, Split Indoor Ceiling Mtd Remote Air Cooled Centrifugal Blower Condenser (Compr Located w/ MCE Evap) XPX - DX, Split Outdoor Mtd Remote Air Cooled Propeller Fan Condenser, (Compr Located w/ MCE Evap) c: 021 = 21kW (6.0T); 028 = 28kW (8.0T); 035 = 35kW (10.0T); 042 = 42kW (12.0T); 053 = 53kW (15.0T); 063 = 63kW (18.0T); 070 = 70kW (20.0T); 088 = 88kW (25.0T); 097 = 97kW (27.5T); 105 = 105kW (30.0T) d: D - Dual Circuit DX System d: 1 - 208-230V / 1 Ph / 60 Hz 3 - 208-230V / 3 Ph / 60 Hz 4 - 460-480V / 3 Ph / 60 Hz 5 - 575V / 3 Ph / 60 Hz 7 - 277V / 1 Ph / 60 Hz 8 - 460-480V / 1 Ph / 60 Hz e: 00 - N/A AA - Axial Fan w/ Std Motor AB - DWDI FC BD Blower w/ ODP Motor EA - Axial Fan w/ ECM EC - EC DD Backward-Inclined Impeller f: 00 - Not Applicable LD - Ducted, 90 Degree / Right-Angle, In-Front / Out Left-Side MI - Ducted, Mirror-Image Same-Face Condenser Air Pattern RD - Ducted, 90 Degree / Right-Angle, In-Rear / Out Right-Side SF - Ducted, Same Face Condenser Air Pattern ST - Ducted, Straight-Thru (ZST) Condenser Air Pattern VF - Free Airflow, Vertical Discharge Air Pattern g: 0 - Not Applicable 1 - Slab or Wrap Around Type _ - Cabinet Size ... VCX-B, C, D, E or F & XCX-B, C or D h: 00 - No Compressor in this section (DX Condenser Model) i: 0 - No Head Pressure Control A - Low Amb Fan Cycling Head Pressure Control B - Low Amb Variable Speed Fan Head Pressure Control C - Low Amb Flooded Head Pressure Control D - Water/Glycol Regulating Valve - 2-Way, 150 psig E - Water/Glycol Regulating Valve - 2-Way, 350 psig F - Water/Glycol Regulating Valve - 3-Way, 150 psig G - Water/Glycol Regulating Valve - 3-Way, 350 psig 105 AboveAir™ MissionCritical™ A/C’sAboveAir Technologies (MC2DX-L20.0)5 be designed to shut down all system water producing operations in the event of an overflow condition. Main Power, Disconnect (MC_ Evap Section) The indoor evaporator section shall be provided with a factory installed main power non-fused disconnect. The dis- connect shall be NEMA rated for indoor or outdoor installation as required. Air Distribution Evap Blower/Motor The evaporator blower assembly shall be a backward-inclined direct-drive cen- trifugal impeller with variable speed EC (electronically commutated) motor. The blower shall be designed for ____ CFM @ ____ inches external static pressure (e.s.p.) Variety of Air Patterns Down-Flow (DF) Down-Flow Air Pattern: DFB: Bottom Disch Into Raised Floor The system shall be configured for down- flow evaporator air pattern with top free or ducted return and bottom discharge into raised floor. (Refer to Floor Stand Options.) General Summary These specifications describe the re- quirements for a vertical floor mounted packaged (or split) precision air condi- tioner. The system shall be designed to control space temperature and humidity. The air conditioning manufacturer shall design and furnish all equipment in the quantities and configurations shown on the project plans and specifications. The system shall be provided by Above- Air Technologies in Frederick, Maryland, USA. The system shall be listed by Intertek (ETL Semko), Inc. to conform with UL Std 1995 and be certified to CAN/CSA Std C22.2 No. 236 (Control No. 3091370). The system shall be NYC MEA229-06-E and Chicago Code Ap- proved. The system model number shall be _____________. Design Requirements The system shall be an AboveAir Tech- nologies MissionCritical™ brand, factory assembled and tested. The system shall be designed for indoor installation. The system shall have a total cooling capacity of ______ BTU/H, and a sen- sible cooling capacity of ______ BTU/H, based on an entering air condition of ______ °F DB, and ______ °F WB, ______ % RH. The evaporator section shall be designed for _____ Volt, ______ Phase, _____ Hertz main power supply. The remote condensing unit section (if applicable) shall be designed for _____ Volt, ______ Phase, _____ Hertz main power supply. Submittals Submittals shall be provided after manu- facturer’s receipt of a written purchase order and shall include: Detailed Perfor- mance and Electrical Data; Guide Speci- fications; and Dimensional Drawings. Quality Assurance The system shall be factory run tested prior to shipment. Testing shall include, but shall not be limited to: “HiPot” Test (2 times rated voltage plus 1000 volts, per UL 1995 testing requirements). The system shall be designed and manufac- tured according to world class quality standards. Products Standard Features Cabinet The cabinet chassis and access panels shall be powder-coat painted heavy gauge galvanneal steel for decor match- ing and corrosion resistance. Cabinet access panels shall rest in recessed pockets designed for minimum air leak- age. The cabinet and access panels shall be lined with 2 lb/ft2 high density sound and thermal insulation and sealed with self-extinguishing gasketing con- forming to NFPA 90A and 90B. Component Access The unit shall be serviceable through front and side (as required) access panels with quick-release quarter-turn fasteners. Electrical System General: The electrical system shall conform to National Electric Code (NEC) require- ments according to UL 1995. The control circuit shall be a 24 VAC low voltage circuit. The electrical system shall include, but not be limited to the following factory installed items: main power distribution block; grounding lug; 24 VAC control transformer; terminal connections; and motor controllers with start protection and circuit breakers for blower motors, compressors and each electric heater stage (if applicable). Split DX Systems: (separate power) Split systems shall require separate main power supplies to the evaporator and condensing unit sections. The evapora- tor and condensing unit sections shall be electrically interlocked by a field wired 24 volt control signal. Overflow Safety Float Switch: The system shall be provided with a factory installed float type condensate overflow safety switch. The circuit shall Guide Specifications Guide Specifications - MC2-DX (21-105kW, 6-30 Tons) 106 AboveAir™ MissionCritical™ A/C’s AboveAir Technologies (MC2DX-L20.0)6 Guide Specifications Guide Specifications - MC2-DX (21-105kW, 6-30 Tons) Air Filtration The return air filters shall be 4 inch thick pleated and Merv-8 efficiency rated (based on ASHRAE 52.2). The filters shall be serviceable without shutting down the system. Piping Connection Location Bottom Piping Connections Direct Expansion Systems DX - Evaporator Coil The DX evaporator coil shall be con- structed of copper tubes and aluminum fins. The system shall be designed for a draw-through air pattern for maximum heat transfer. Coil end-plates shall be hot dipped galvanized. The evapora- tor coil shall be mounted in an insulated stainless steel condensate drain pan. Dual Scroll Compressors Each compressor shall be the high ef- ficiency, low sound Scroll type mounted on vibration isolators and located in a separate compartment out of the evapo- rator air stream to facilitate servicing while equipment is operating. Each com- pressor shall be complete with reversible positive oil pump, charging and service ports, internal spring isolation, and dis- charge gas vibration eliminator. DX - Refrigeration Circuit Each refrigeration circuit shall be pre- piped with type “L” refrigerant copper tubing. The refrigeration system shall include but not be limited to: expansion valve with external equalizer and rapid bleed-through capacity. Features shall include filter dryer, sight glass, pressure fittings and high pressure/low pressure safety cutouts. Cooling Configurations DX - Air Cooled Split (Split Evap & Outdoor Remote Condenser) MCE-( ) & XPX-( ) The system shall be a split configura- tion with compact indoor vertical floor mounted dx evaporator precision air conditioner with outdoor dx air cooled propeller fan remote condenser. The compressor shall be located in the indoor evaporator section. The condenser shall be sized for full heat of rejection at 95°F ambient and be capable of operation to ___ °F low ambient air temperature. The system shall be refrigerant charged and run tested at the factory prior to ship- ment. The evaporator and condenser sections shall ship separately with a dry- nitrogen charge ready for field refrigerant charging. Options DX Air Cooled Condenser - Low Ambient Control -20°F Ambient - Variable Spd Fan (XP* & XPU Models) Variable fan speed head pressure controls (JCI P266 or Modulating EC) shall be factory installed to allow for low ambient operation to -20°F. Compressor cold start time delay relay and crankcase heater shall be factory installed with the -20°F low ambient control feature. CONTROL OPTIONS MC-2000™, Advanced Temp/Humid Microprocessor Controller w/ Alarms & BMS Connection The system shall be provided with a MC- 2000™ advanced microprocessor based temperature and humidity controller with alarms. Select Features/Benefits: • 4x20 Character Liquid Crystal Alpha-numerical Display • User Configurable • Run-Time Hours • Current Unit Mode Status • Alarm Status • Digital & Analog Inputs / Outputs • Temperature Anticipation • Remote Stop / Start Contact • Summary Alarm Contact • Automatic or Manual (selectable) Restart After Power Loss • Sequential Load After Restart • Recovery Delay • Compressor Short Cycle Timers • Cold Start Time Delay • Security Password Access • Self-Diagnostics • Service Mode Unit Status Display The control system shall display cur- rent unit functions and room status (if applicable): • Current Dry Bulb Temp Set Point • Current Relative Humidity Set Point • System ON/OFF • Cooling • Heating • Humidifying • Dehumidifying • Reheating • Actual Room DB Temperature • Actual Room Relative Humidity Alarm Conditions: Alarm conditions activate an audible and visual indicator plus close a sum- mary alarm dry contact connection. The control system shall alert to the following alarm conditions (if applicable): • High Temperature • High Head Press • Low Temperature • Smoke Detection • High Humidity • Firestat • Low Humidity • Leak Detection • Sensor Failure • Loss of Power • Summary Failure • Dirty Filter • Loss of Air Flow • Loss of Fluid Flow 107 AboveAir™ MissionCritical™ A/C’sAboveAir Technologies (MC2DX-L20.0)7Guide Specifications Guide Specifications - MC2-DX (21-105kW, 6-30 Tons) Digital & Analog Control Inputs / Outputs: The control system shall be capable of both digital (ON/OFF) and analog (pro- portional integral, PI) input and output control. Select MC-2000 Options: Multi-Unit N+1 Sequencing BMS Communications Interface: BACnet over MS/TP (RS485 Serial) Heat / Reheat Options Electric Reheat/Heat An electric heating system shall be fac- tory installed to provide: Electric Heat Only during heat mode Electric Reheat to offset sensible cooling during the dehumidifica- tion mode and to provide heating during heat mode. Heater elements shall be the low-watt density finned-tubular type. The heater shall be complete with individual heater stage starter/contactor and overheat safeties. Systems incorporating factory installed electric heaters shall require only single point power to the main unit power distribution. The electric heat shall have a capacity of _________ BTU/H and a KW rating of ___ KW, con- trolled in ___ stages. Humidification Options Steam Humidification An electrode steam canister type humidi- fication system shall be factory installed within the air conditioning system. The humidifier shall be complete with dispos- able canister, steam distributor, fill and drain valve, air gap, automatic flush cycle, manual humidity output adjust- ment and field installed remote wall mounted humidistat. The humidifier shall have a maximum output capacity of ______ lbs/hr. Accessories Floor Stand A ____ inch nominal high (__ in to __ in adj. range) floor stand shall be factory provided for field installation. The floor stand shall have adjustable legs with vibration isolation. Condensate Pump (Factory Installed - Both UF & DF!) A condensate pump shall be factory provided and installed within the indoor evaporator section (Up-Flow & Down- Flow Air Pattern Configurations). The condensate pump shall be provided with dual internal float switches: one for pump operation initiation and the other for pump reservoir overflow safety. Main Power, Non-Fused Disconnect (Remote Condenser Section) The remote condenser shall be factory provided with a main power non-fused disconnect for field installation. The dis- connect shall be NEMA rated for indoor or outdoor installation as required. Remote Water-Leak Detector A remote water-leak detector shall be factory provided for field installation. The remote water-leak detector shall be wired to shut down all A/C unit water producing functions upon sensing a water leak. Smoke Detector (Factory Installed) A Smoke Detector shall be factory installed in the return air stream of the unit and wired to the A/C unit electrical control panel. The Smoke Detector shall shut-down all A/C system operations upon activation. Firestat (Factory Installed) A Firestat shall be factory installed in the return air stream of the unit and wired to the A/C unit electrical control panel. The Firestat shall shut-down all A/C system operations upon sensing a high return air temperature condition. Mounting Vibration Isolators Floor Mounted Isolators: Each indoor vertical floor mounted section shall be provided with a set of quantity four vibration mounting isolators with non-skid neoprene acoustical isola- tion pads. 108 AboveAir™ MissionCritical™ A/C’s AboveAir Technologies (MC2DX-L20.0)8 Innovative HVAC Solutions 5179 Mountville Road Frederick, Maryland 21703, U.S.A. Phone: 301-874-1130, www.aboveair.com Email: sales@aboveair.com Copyright 08/22 Form: MC2DX-L20.0 Specifications are subject to change without notice. Remote Air Cooled Condensers, Condensing Units & Glycol Drycoolers Single, Dual & Triplex Glycol Pump Packages (1/2 to 50 HP, VFD Optional) MissionCritical Units - Precision A/C’s HK-OA Horizontal Ceiling Mtd (1-30 Tons) VK-OA Vertical Floor Mtd (1-50 Tons) Outdoor-Air Units - IAQ High Percent (20%-100% OA) Specialty Units - A/C’s & Water Source Heat Pumps HK Horizontal Packaged & Split Ceiling Mtd A/C’s (4-70kW, 1-20 Tons) SC-2x4 SpotCool Ceiling Mtd A/C’s (4-11kW, 1-3 Tons) VK Vertical Packaged & Split Floor Mtd A/C’s (4-105kW, 1-30 Tons) Remote Heat Rejection Units MC Vertical Floor Mtd A/C’s Up-Flow & Down-Flow (4-1080kW, 1-307 Tons) HK Horizontal Ducted Ceiling Mounted A/C’s (4-70kW, 1-20 Tons) SC-2x4 SpotCool Ceiling Mounted A/C’s (4-11kW, 1-3 Tons) WC Wall-Cassette and FC Floor-Console Mtd A/C’s (4-18kW, 1-5 Tons) 109 FANs 125, 121 Product/Technical Bulletin A25 Issue Date 0316 © 2016 Johnson Controls, Inc. 1 Part 24-7664-656, Rev. A Code No. LIT-125118 A25 Series Warm Air Control with Manual Reset The A25 Series Warm Air Control with Manual Reset is designed to shut down fans, burners, dampers, etc., when the temperature of the sensed air becomes greater than the controller’s setpoint. When the sensed temperature increases to the controller’s setpoint, the A25’s switch will open. Manual reset is required to reclose the electrical circuit. The A25 may be used as a high limit control in the supply air duct (or plenum) where a lockout type control is desired or required by local code. Figure 1: The A25 Series Warm Air Control with Manual Reset Features and Benefits Trip-free Reset Lever Does not allow the reset switch to hold the contacts in a closed (on) position Pilot Duty Electrical Rating for up to 600 Volts Maximum Allows direct control of high voltage motor starters Enclosed Switch Protects switch contacts from dust Rod and Tube Sensing Element Provides maximum response and allows for a high maximum sensing element temperature Adjustable Duct Mounting Flange Controls the depth of sensor insertion into the airstream; compensates for insulation depth Wide Temperature RangeAllows the A25 to be used with many applications 110 2 A25 Series Warm Air Control with Manual Reset Product/Technical Bulletin A pplication Overview A typical application for the A25 Series Warm Air Control with Manual Reset is to stop the operation of air conditioning or ventilating fans upon a temperature rise. Models A25AP and A25CP are Factory Mutual approved for use as fire protection devices. I nstallation 1. Select a mounting location for the A25 in the duct (or plenum). The location must allow the sensing element to sense the average temperature in the duct. 2. Drill (or cut) a 1-3/8 in. hole in the duct at the selected mounting location (refer to Figure 2). 3. Using the flange as a template on the duct, mark the location for two 1/2 in. (13 mm) No. 10 sheet metal screws. 4. Punch (or drill) both sheet metal screw holes in the duct at the marked locations. 5. Secure the flange to the duct with two 1/2 in. (13 mm) No. 10 sheet metal screws provided. 6. Insert the sensing element and sleeve through the flange installed in Step 5 (and into the duct). 7. Secure the A25 to the flange by screwing the set screw firmly against the sleeve. Do not overtorque the set screw. Note: Insert the sensing element as far as possible into the air stream without allowing it to contact any object inside the duct. Provide at least 5-3/4 in. (14 cm) clearance between the sensor and any other objects inside the duct. Figure 2: Installing the A25 111 A25 Series Warm Air Control with Manual Reset Product/Technical Bulletin 3 W iring WARNING: Shock hazard. To avoid electrical shock or damage to equipment, disconnect all power before making wiring connections. If available, follow the instructions for the unit onto which the A25 will be installed. Make all wiring connections only with copper conductors and in accordance with the National Electrical Code and local regulations. Refer to the label inside the A25’s cover for the maximum electrical rating. Models A25CN and A25CP SPDT (Single Pole Double Throw) Units The wiring terminals on the SPDT (Single Pole Double Throw) models are color coded: Red is common. The red to yellow circuit closes on temperature increase. The red to blue circuit opens on temperature increase. Refer to Figures 3 and 4 for terminal identification and typical wiring connections. When the reset lever is pressed during normal operation, the trip free contacts are activated, the red to blue contact opens and the auxiliary red to yellow contact closes. At this point, the auxiliary system will activate. Models A25AN and A25AP SPST (Single Pole Single Throw) Units When the temperature increases to above the setpoint, the circuit opens. When the reset lever is pressed after the sensed temperature decreases to approximately 20F° (11C°) below the setpoint, the circuit closes. Refer to Figures 5 and 6 for terminal identification and typical wiring connections. IMPORTANT: Only use the terminal screws furnished with the A25 (8-32 x 1/4 in. binder head). Use of other screws will void warranty, may damage switch terminals, and result in improper connections. 112 4 A25 Series Warm Air Control with Manual Reset Product/Technical Bulletin Figure 3: Terminal Identification for A25CN and A25CP SPDT Models Figure 4: Typical Wiring Diagram of A25CN and A25CP SPDT Models Figure 5: Terminal Identification for A25AN and A25AP SPST Models Figure 6: Typical Wiring Diagram for A25AN and A25AP SPST Models C heckout Procedure After installing the A25, perform the following procedures. Observe at least three complete operating cycles to verify that all components are functioning properly. If the unit fails to checkout, refer to the troubleshooting chart (Table 2). Do not attempt to make adjustments. Return Air Applications 1. After completing the installation and wiring procedures, turn on the power to the circuit. 2. Turn the setpoint knob counterclockwise until the A25 shuts down the system. The A25 should lockout and the alarm or signal (if applicable) should activate. Note: The setpoint at shutdown should equal the approximate duct air temperature. 3. Turn the setpoint knob clockwise to the desired setpoint. Nothing should happen. 4. Press the reset lever. The system should restart and the alarm or signal (if applicable) should shut off. Supply Air Applications 1. After completing the installation and wiring procedures, turn on the power to the circuit. 2. Raise the supply air temperature to the setpoint temperature. Note: The supply air temperature can be raised by simulating a fan failure or restricting the return air flow. 3. When the system shuts down, determine the temperature at the A25 sensing element. The temperature reading should closely approximate the A25’s setpoint at which the system is shut down and (if applicable) the alarm or signal is activated. 4. Return the system to normal operation by re-establishing air flow or by restarting the fan. 5. Press the reset lever. The system should restart and the alarm or signal (if applicable) should shut off. 113 A25 Series Warm Air Control with Manual Reset Product/Technical Bulletin 5 O peration Models A25AN and A25CN Setpoint Adjustment: Adjust the A25 setpoint by rotating the setpoint knob (Figure 7). The setpoint is displayed in the setpoint window. Test Procedure: To test (trip) the A25: Raise the temperature at the sensor above the setpoint or lower the setpoint below the ambient temperature. The control should lockout (trip). To reset after test: Lower the temperature at the sensor to 20F° (11C°) below the setpoint or raise the setpoint to 20F° (11C°) above the ambient temperature. Press the reset lever. The A25 should reset (closing the circuit). Reset Procedure: Verify that the temperature has dropped to 20F° (11C°) below setpoint. Press the reset lever to reset the A25 (closing the circuit). Figure 7: Models A25AN and A25CN 114 6 A25 Series Warm Air Control with Manual Reset Product/Technical Bulletin Models A25AP and A25CP Setpoint Adjustment: Loosen the cover screw (Figure 8) and remove the cover. Adjust the setpoint by rotating the adjusting screw. When adjusted, re-install the cover. Tighten cover screw. Test Procedure: To test (trip) the A25: Raise the temperature at the sensor above the setpoint or lower the setpoint below the ambient temperature. The control should lockout (trip). To reset after test: Lower the temperature at the sensor to 20F° (11C°) below the setpoint or raise the setpoint to 20F° (11C°) above the ambient temperature. Press the reset lever. The A25 should reset (closing the circuit). Reset Procedure: Verify that the temperature has dropped 20F° (11C°) below setpoint. Press the reset lever to reset the A25 (closing the circuit). Figure 8: Models A25AP and A25CP D imensions Figure 9: A25 Dimensions, in./mm 115 A25 Series Warm Air Control with Manual Reset Product/Technical Bulletin 7 R epairs and Replacement Do not make field repairs. For a replacement control, contact your nearest Johnson Controls representative. Table 1: Ordering Information Item Product Code Number Product Description A25 Series Warm Air Control with Manual Reset A25AN-1 A25AP-1 A25CN-1 A25CP-1 SPST, opens on temperature rise, setpoint knob adjustment. SPST, opens on temperature rise, concealed screwdriver adjustment, Factory Mutual approved. SPDT, setpoint knob adjustment. SPDT, concealed screwdriver adjustment, Factory Mutual approved. T roubleshooting Table 2: Troubleshooting Chart Symptom Problem Solution The A25 is not sensing properly. The sensing element may not be extended into the airstream or the sensing element is contacting an object inside of the duct (or plenum). Insert the sensing element as far as possible into the airstream without allowing it to contact any object inside the duct (or plenum). The system does not operate. Incorrect switch connections or improper wiring. Damaged sensor. The A25 is tripped. Ensure that the wiring connections follow the wiring diagrams in the Wiring section. Check connections. Replace the A25. Reset the A25. A25 does not lockout upon a temperature rise beyond the setpoint. The A25 is defective. Replace the A25. The A25 does not sense the correct air temperature. The A25 is defective. Replace the A25. A25 will not reset. The temperature in the duct (or plenum) is not 20F° (11C°) below the setpoint. Check system for overheating or fire. 116 8 A25 Series Warm Air Control with Manual Reset Product/Technical Bulletin Notes 117 A25 Series Warm Air Control with Manual Reset Product/Technical Bulletin 9 S pecifications Product A25AN-1 SPST, opens on temperature rise, setpoint knob adjustment. A25AP-1 SPST, opens on temperature rise, concealed screwdriver adjustment, Factory Mutual approved. A25CN-1 SPDT, setpoint knob adjustment. A25CP-1 SPDT, concealed screwdriver adjustment, Factory Mutual approved. Range 25 to 215°F (-4 to 102°C) Electrical Ratings Volts, AC 120 VAC 208 VAC 240 VAC 277 VAC Motor FLA* 16 9.2 8 - Motor LRA* 96 55.2 48 - Noninductive A 16 16 16 16 Pilot Duty: 125 VA at 24/600 VAC Ambient Temperature (Maximum) Case 104°F (40°C) Element 300°F (149°C) Conduit Opening 7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter hole for 1/2 in. conduit Switch Snap-acting contacts in dust protected enclosure Cover Finish Gray baked enamel High Limit Dial Stop 125°F Material Case 0.063 in. (1.6 mm) galvanized steel Cover 0.025 in. (0.64 mm) cold rolled steel Mounting Flange for flat surface Reset Positive, trip-free reset mechanism (manual reset 2 operation). Control can be reset when the temperature drops 20F° (11C°) below the dial setting. Sensing Element Bi-metal rod and tube construction Shipping Weight Individual pack 1.8 lb. (0.8 kg) Overpack of 12 units 23 lb. (10.4 kg) Wiring Connections Screw-type terminals Agency Listing UL Recognized: File MP640, Guide MBPR CSA Certified: File LR948, Class 4813 02 Factory Mutual Approved (Models A25AP and A25CP only): Class 3545 * FLA = Full Load Amps; LRA = Locked Rotor Amps. Values are equivalent to a 1 HP motor rating in accordance with UL353. The performance specifications are nominal and conform to acceptable industry standards. For application at conditions beyond these specifications, consult the local Johnson Controls office. Johnson Controls, Inc. shall not be liable for damages resulting from misapplication or misuse of its products. European Single Point of Contact: NA/SA Single Point of Contact: APAC Single Point of Contact: JOHNSON CONTROLS WESTENDHOF 3 45143 ESSEN GERMANY JOHNSON CONTROLS 507 E MICHIGAN ST MILWAUKEE WI 53202 USA JOHNSON CONTROLS C/O CONTROLS PRODUCT MANAGEMENT NO. 22 BLOCK D NEW DISTRICT WUXI JIANGSU PROVINCE 214142 CHINA Controls Group 507 E. Michigan Street P.O. Box 423 Milwaukee, WI 53201 Printed in U.S.A 118 DUCT AND IMMERSION BUILDING AUTOMATION TEMPERATURE SENSORSAvailable up to 18˝ Probe Length, Thermistor or RTD Outputs PROBE LENGTH + .75 +.0625/ -.000 8 FOOTPLENUMCABLE PROBE LENGTH + .75 +.0625/ -.000 4.00 ±.050 BALL CHAINCONNECTOR 2.216 GENERAL PURPOSE[2.813 WEATHERPROOF] 4Xø.875 PROBE LENGTH + .366 +.0625/ -.000 ø3.295 BALL CHAINCONNECTOR 2X .325 x .2000MOUNTINGSLOTS ø3.295 4.163 4.788 2.216 GENERAL PURPOSE[2.813 WEATHERPROOF] .125 GASKET PROBELENGTH+ .336+ .0625/-.000 4Xø.875 8 FOOTPLENUMCABLE .125GASKET 4.00 ±.050 PROBE LENGTH+ .55 +.0625/ -.000 ø.235 .125GASKET 1.000 1.5002.000 2X ø 218MOUNTINGHOLES PROBE LENGTH+ .55 +.0625/- .000 TE-I TE-IBG TE-D TE-DFG uResistance vs. Temperature Table: See page 137 (Series TE-OND/RND/OSA) The Series TE Duct and Immersion Building Automation Temperature Sensors can be used to monitor air or water temperature throughout a building management system or an air handler unit. Duct or immersion options available with or without an enclosure. BENEFITS/FEATURES • Easy to mount external tab housing and flange options for duct applications • 1/4 turn housing cover with chain to prevent dropping • Multiple conduit knockouts for easy installation positioning • 8´ plenum rated cable option • Terminal connector eliminates need for wire nuts APPLICATIONS • Building automation • VAV temperature sensing • Chiller or boiler loops • AHU monitoring SPECIFICATIONS Accuracy: Thermistor temperature sensor: ±0.22°C @ 25°C (±0.4°F @ 77°F); RTD temperature sensor: DIN class A: ±0.15°C @ 0°C (±0.28°F @ 32°F). Temperature Limits: Operating: -40 to 302°F (-40 to 150°C). Sensor Curves: See page reference u below. Cable Rating: Plenum option includes UL listed plenum cable. Housing Material: Meets UL, 94 V-0 polycarbonate plastic. Housing Rating: NEMA 4X (IP66) (DFW, IBW only). Weight: 5.3 oz (150.3 g). Compliance: Meets the technical requirements of EU Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS II). SERIES TE VV II DD EEOO OO NN LL II NNEEMODEL CHART Example TE -DFN -A 04 4 8 -00 TE-DFN-A0448-00 Series TE Temperature sensor Mounting Configuration DFN DFG DFW IBN IBG IBW Duct mount probe only Duct mount probe in general purpose housing Duct mount probe in NEMA 4X housing Immersion probe only Immersion probe in general purpose housing Immersion probe in NEMA 4X housing Sensor Type A B C D E F Q 10k Ω type III thermistor 10k Ω type II thermistor 3k Ω thermistor Pt100 Ω RTD Pt1000 Ω RTD 20k Ω thermistor 10k Ω type III with 11k Ω shunt Probe Length 25 04 06 08 12 18 2.5˝ 4˝ 6˝ 8˝ 12˝ 18˝ (DFN/DFG only) Probe Diameter 4 1/4˝ double encapsulated Termination 3 4 7 8 4˝ leads with spade connectors 4˝ leads 8´ plenum rated cable with spade connectors 8´ plenum rated cable Fittings 00 12 14 None (probe only) 1/2˝ NPT compression fitting 1/4˝ NPT compression fitting TEMPERATURE135Temperature SensorsDWYER INSTRUMENTS, LLC | dwyer-inst.com YEAR LIMITEDWARRANTY 119 WALL MOUNT HUMIDITY/TEMPERATURE/DEW POINT TRANSMITTERSOptional LCD Display 3.000[76.20] .552[14.02] 2x .176[4.47] .573[14.56] .33[8.38] 3x .37[9.36] 3x .15[3.87] 1.18[30]1.16[29.39] 1.08[27.33] 1.10[27.96] 4.50[114.30] 2.80[71.12] 3.65[92.72] 3.56[90.42] The Series RHP-E/N Wall Mount Humidity/Temperature/Dew Point Transmitters are the most versatile room transmitter on the market. The stylish housing is well vented to provide air flow across the sensor to improve measurement accuracy. The humidity and the dew point are measured using a capacitive polymer sensor. The humidity and dew point can have either a current or voltage output, while the optional temperature output can be a current, voltage, RTD or thermistor. For models with current or voltage for the temperature output, the temperature range is field selectable. BENEFITS/FEATURES • Reduced installation cost with combined humidity/dew point and temperature sensing • Wide application environments from a large selection of temperature sensors and 2% and 3% accuracies • Reduced inventory with field selectable output APPLICATIONS • Air economizers • Room comfort monitoring • Greenhouse monitoring SPECIFICATIONS Relative Humidity Range: 0 to 100% RH. Temperature Range: -40 to 140°F (-40 to 60°C) for thermistor and RTD sensors. -20 to 140°F (-28.9 to 60°C) for solid state band gap temperature sensors. Dew Point Temperature Range: -20 to 140°F (-28.9 to 60°C); 0 to 100°F (-17.8 to 37.8°C); 40 to 90°F (4.4 to 32.3°C); -4 to 140°F (-20 to 60°C) field-selectable ranges. Accuracy: RH: Model RHP-2XXX ±2% 10 to 90% RH @ 25°C; Model RHP- 3XXX ±3% 20 to 80% RH @ 25°C; Model RHP-5XXX ±5% 20 to 80% RH @ 25°C; Thermistor temperature sensor: ±0.36°F @ 77°F (±0.2°C @ 25°C); RTD temperature sensor: DIN Class B; ±0.54°F @ 32°F (±0.3°C @ 0°C); Solid state band gap temperature sensor: ±0.9°F @ 77°F (±0.5°C @ 25°C). Hysteresis: ±0.8%. Repeatability: ±0.1% typical. Temperature Limits: Operating: -40 to 140°F (-40 to 60°C); Storage: -40 to 176°F (-40 to 80°C). Compensated Temperature Range: -4 to 140°F (-20 to 60°C). Power Requirements: 4-20 mA loop powered outputs: 10-35 VDC; 0-5/10V outputs: 15-35 VDC or 15-29 VAC. Output Signals: 4-20 mA loop powered outputs: 4-20 mA, 2 channels for humidity/ solid state temperature sensor models (loop powered on RH). Switch selectable RH/dew point. Switch selectable normal or reverse output; 0-5/10V outputs: 5 mA max., 2 channels for humidity/solid state temperature sensor models. Switch selectable 0-10 V/2-10 V or 0-5 V/1-5 V output. Switch selectable RH/dew point. Switch selectable normal or reverse output. Solid State Band Gap Temperature Sensor Output Ranges: Switch selectable, -20 to 140°F (-28.9 to 60°C); 0 to 100°F (-17.8 to 37.8°C); 40 to 90°F (4.4 to 32.3°C); -4 to 140°F (-20 to 60°C). Response Time: 8 s. Electrical Connections: Screw terminal block. Drift: <0.25% RH/year. RH Sensor: Capacitance polymer. Enclosure Material: Polycarbonate. Enclosure Rating: IP20. Display: Optional LCD; Switch selectable %RH or dew point, °F/°C. Display Resolution: RH: 1%; Temperature: 0.1°F (0.1°C); Dew point: 1°F (1°C). Weight: 4.4 oz (125 g). Compliance: CE. European style European styleNorth American style North American style SERIES RHP-E/N VV II DD EEOO OO NN LL II NNEE221Humidity/TemperatureTransmittersAIR QUALITYDWYER INSTRUMENTS, LLC | dwyer-inst.com CALIBRATION SERVICES AVAILABLE MODEL CHART Example RHP -3 N 4 A -LCD RHP-3N4A-LCD Series RHP Humidity/temperature dew point transmitter Accuracy 2 3 5 2% accuracy 3% accuracy 5% accuracy Housing E N European style wall mount North American style wall mount Humidity/Dew Point Output 4 4-20 mA/0-5 VDC/0-10 VDC Temperature Output 0 4 A B C D E F None 4-20 mA/0-5 VDC/0-10 VDC 10K Ω @ 25°C thermistor type III 10K Ω @ 25°C thermistor type II 3K Ω @ 25°C thermistor 100 Ω RTD DIN 385 1K Ω RTD DIN 385 20K Ω @ 25°C thermistor Options LCD NIST LCD display NIST traceable calibration certificate ACCESSORIES Model Description A-449 SCD-PS Remote LCD display allows remote indication of select Dwyer wall mount transmitters for validation or certification purposes 100-240 VAC/VDC to 24 VDC power supply A-449 YEAR LIMITEDWARRANTY 120 Power Requirements: • 18-30 VAC, 60 Hz 20-30 VAC, 50 Hz • 1.5 Watts Max (wet), <0.5 Watts (dry) Indicators: • Red LED : Moisture Detected • Green LED: Power Specifications for the Wet Switch® Flood Detector The contacts of the Wet Switch’s relay may be wired to use multiple Wet Switches. The drawing above shows the contacts interrupting the 24 VAC signal when either Wet Switch® gets wet. Relay: • Isolated Contacts • 2 Amps: NC Contact • 2 Amps: NO Contact Typical Connection Connection showing two or more Wet Switches in series DiversiTech Corporation6650 Sugarloaf ParkwayDuluth, GA 30097800.995.2222678.542.3700 FAXwww.diversitech.com WET SWITCH® FLOOD DETECTOR U.S. Patent No. 4,787,212 ©2013 DiversiTech Corporation LIT-FLY-WS, 6/13 Download an electronic version of this brochure at: http://media.diversitech.com/doc/DOC00015.pdf About DiversiTech DiversiTech Corporation is North America’s largest manufacturer of equipment pads and a leading manufacturer and supplier of components and related products for the heating, ventilating, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVACR) industry. Headquartered in the Atlanta, GA metropolitan area, DiversiTech manufactures a suite of products which includes a wide range of mechanical, electrical, chemical, and structural parts for HVACR and electrical systems, and swimming pool installations. The company maintains manufacturing and distribution facilities in key U.S. locations, Europe, and in the Far East. DiversiTech has enjoyed a continued history of successful growth and has acquired industry-recognized names including Devco® Enterprises, Wagner® Manufacturing, The Black Pad®, Hef-T-Pad™ and Specialty Chemical. 121 INTEGRAL FEET Features and Benefits of the Wet Switch® Flood Detector What is the Wet Switch® Flood Detector? he Wet Switch® Flood Detector is a solid state device designed to detect the presence of condensate water overflow. Simply place the Wet Switch® Flood Detector into the secondary drain pan — a normally dry pan. If the primary drain pan fails, condensate water will overflow into the secondary drain pan. Upon sensing moisture, the Wet Switch® Flood Detector will turn the system off (typically the cause of the condensing water) to help prevent damage to carpets, walls, woodwork, ceilings, and other property. • Hydrophilic Pad • Integral Feet • Solid State Electronics • Double Throw Relay • Standard 24VAC control • Multiple Unit Connectivity • Stainless Steel Sensor Array • Epoxy Encapsulated Electronics Hydrophilic Pad A high tech polymeric fiber quickly draws water into the sensor array using proven capillary technology. Integral Feet Integral feet raise the hydrophilic pad and sensor array off the drain pan slightly to prevent nuisance tripping, and pan corrosion (metal pans only) from interfering with the sensor array. HYDROPHILIC PAD The Wet Switch® Flood Detector is designed to interrupt the operation of cooling systems. However, it is a water activated switch and can be used in a variety of other applications. Stainless Steel Sensor Array A high tech array of multiple stainless steel sensors detects even a minimal amount of water drawn into the hydrophilic pad. Compact Package The technology is packed into a 3-5/8” diameter by 1-1/4” high cylinder, furnished complete with 5-conductor 22AWG stranded cable, 6’ long. Solid State Electronics Proven electronics prevent mechanical failure in an aggressive operating environment. Double Throw Relay Allows for the wiring to interrupt the system and sound an alarm (by others) when moisture is detected. Multiple Unit Connectivity Multiple unit connectivity allows for multiple Wet Switch® Flood Detectors to be connected in series to adequately cover large drain pan areas. T STAINLESS STEEL SENSORS 122 9/22/23, 1:44 PM Anti-Vibration Pad,4x4Cork/Rub https://www.diversitech.com/anti-vibration-pad4x4corkrub 1/3 The DiversiTech® MP-4C is a 4 in. x 4 in. x 7/8 in. rubber/cork anti- vibration pad designed to reduce vibration and noise emanating f rom ref rigeration and air conditioning equipment. Rubber pads laminate to the cork center providing excellent vibration and noise reduction. Corrugated ribs on top and bottom reduce "walking" or "creep" associated with vibration. These pads are designed to withstand 50 psi. The top and bottom ribs are 90 degrees opposed to one another providing a natural resistance to "creep" or "walking" associated with vibrations Ideal for air conditioners, ref rigeration equipment, compressors, cooling towers, presses, machines or anywhere vibration control is needed. RUBBER/CORK ANTI-VIBRATION PAD, 4IN. X 4IN. X7/8IN. Item#: MP-4C Product Features & Benefits 123 9/22/23, 1:44 PM Anti-Vibration Pad,4x4Cork/Rub https://www.diversitech.com/anti-vibration-pad4x4corkrub 2/3 Color Application Texture Size Indoor / Outdoor Use Durometer PSI Rating Ducted or Ductless UPC Primary UoM Primary Depth (inches) Primary Width (inches) Primary Height (inches) Primary Weight (lbs) Quick Ship Flag Order Multiple Designed to withstand loads of 50 psi Pads can be stacked using interlocking ribs if additional vibration absorption or height is desired Other size options available f rom 2 in. x 2 in. to 18 in. x 18 in. Black|Brown Compressor|Condensers|Cooling Tower|Generator|Motor|Other|Press|Pumps Corregated|Ribbed 4x4x7/8 in. Indoor 50 50 Both Ducted and Ductless 0686109670056 Each 4 4 0.94 0.37 Yes 24 Specifications Order Info 124 AAT Program Version 1.19 MissionCritical and Comfort BACnet Points List 4/12/2023 Point Description High Limit Low Limit R/W AV0_TempSetPt Temp set pt 95.0 40.0 Writable AV1_TempDeadbnd Zone Deadband 20.0 0.0 Writable AV2_ZoneTempHiAlrm Zone temp high alarm set pt 150.0 0.0 Writable AV3_ZoneTempLowAlrm Zone temp alarm low set pt 120.0 0.0 Writable AV4_ZoneRhSetPt Zone RH set pt 90.0 10.0 Writable AV5_ZoneRhDeadbnd Zone RH deadband 20.0 0.0 Writable AV6_ZoneRhHiAlrm Zone RH high alarm 100.0 0.0 Writable AV7_ZoneRhLowAlrm Zone RH low alarm set pt 100.0 0.0 Writable AV8_WaterTempSetPt Freecool or dual cool set point 80.0 0.0 Writable AV9_CO2SetPt CO2 set point 2000.0 500.0 Writable AV10_SplyTempHiAlrm Supply temp high alarm set pt 150.0 0.0 Writable AV11_SplyTempLowAlrm Supply temp low alarm set pt 150.0 0.0 Writable AV12_StaticPSetPt Duct static pressure set pt 20.0 0.0 Writable AV13_SplyFanMin Supply fan minimum set pt 100.0 30.0 Writable AV14_SplyFanDesign Supply fan design set point 100.0 30.0 Writable AV15_SplyFanDehum Supply fan dehum set back 100.0 30.0 Writable AV16_DamperMin Damper minimum position 100.0 0.0 Writable AV17_DamperMax Damper max position for CO2 100.0 0.0 Writable AV18_AseDbSetPt ASE dry bulb set pt 80.0 0.0 Writable AV19_AseMixSetPt ASE mixed air set point 80.0 0.0 Writable AI0_StaticPress Duct static pressure 20.0 0.0 Read Only AI1_RetTemp Return air temp 150.0 ‐50.0 Read Only AI2_OutdoorRh Outdoor air rh 100.0 0.0 Read Only AI3_OutdoorTemp Outdoor air temp 150.0 ‐50.0 Read Only AI4_SplyTemp Supply air temp 150.0 ‐50.0 Read Only AI5_ZoneCO2 Zone CO2 3000.0 0.0 Read Only AI6_ZoneRh Zone relative hum 100.0 0.0 Read Only AI7_ZoneTemp Zone temp 150.0 ‐50.0 Read Only AI8_WaterTemp Free or dual cool water temp 150.0 ‐50.0 Read Only AI9_Condenser Condenser analog out 100.0 0.0 Read Only AI10_ClgVlv Cooling valve analog out 100.0 0.0 Read Only AI11_Compressor Compressor analog out 100.0 0.0 Read Only AI12_Damper Damper analog out 100.0 0.0 Read Only AI13_Heater Heater analog out 100.0 0.0 Read Only AI14_HotGasReheat Hot gas reheat analog out 100.0 0.0 Read Only AI15_SplyFan Supply fan analog out 100.0 0.0 Read Only Analog Points 125 AAT Program Version 1.19 MissionCritical and Comfort BACnet Points List 4/12/2023 Point Description ‐ ‐ R/W BV0_AhuEn Unit HMI enable ‐ ‐ Writable BV1_EnCooling Allow cooling operation ‐ ‐ Writable BV2_EnDehum Allow dehumidification operation ‐ ‐ Writable BV3_EnHeating Allow heating operation ‐ ‐ Writable BV4_EnHum Allow humidification operation ‐ ‐ Writable BV6_BMSOff BMS point to enable/disable unit operation ‐ ‐ Writable BV8_AlarmReset Reset all active alarms ‐ ‐ Writable BI0_AirProving Air proving alarm ‐ ‐ Read Only BI1_DirtyFilter Dirty filter alarm ‐ ‐ Read Only BI2_LifeSafety Life safety alarm ‐ ‐ Read Only BI3_Condensate Condensate overflow alarm ‐ ‐ Read Only BI4_Freezestat Freezestat alarm ‐ ‐ Read Only BI5_WaterProving Water proving alarm ‐ ‐ Read Only BI6_GlobalAlarm Global alarm status ‐ ‐ Read Only BI7_Ckt1LowPress Circuit 1 low refrigerant pressure alarm ‐ ‐ Read Only BI8_Ckt1HiPress Circuit 1 high refrigerant pressure alarm ‐ ‐ Read Only BI9_Ckt2LowPress Circuit 2 low refrigerant pressure alarm ‐ ‐ Read Only BI10_Ckt2HiPress Circuit 2 high refrigerant pressure alarm ‐ ‐ Read Only BI11_HiZoneTemp High zone temp alarm ‐ ‐ Read Only BI12_LowZoneTemp Low zone temp alarm ‐ ‐ Read Only BI13_HiZoneRh High zone RH alarm ‐ ‐ Read Only BI14_LowZoneRh Low zone RH alarm ‐ ‐ Read Only BI15_HiSplyTemp High supply temp alarm ‐ ‐ Read Only BI16_LowSplyTemp Low supply temp alarm ‐ ‐ Read Only BI17_HiZoneCo2 High zone CO2 ‐ ‐ Read Only BI18_Ckt1Comp1 Circuit 1 compressor 1 output ‐ ‐ Read Only BI19_Ckt1Comp2 Circuit 1 compressor 2 output ‐ ‐ Read Only BI20_Ckt2Comp1 Circuit 2 compressor 1 ‐ ‐ Read Only BI21_Ckt2Comp2 Circuit 2 compressor 2 output ‐ ‐ Read Only BI22_ClgVlv Cooling Valve output ‐ ‐ Read Only BI23_Condenser Condenser output ‐ ‐ Read Only BI24_Heater1 Heater 1 output ‐ ‐ Read Only BI25_Heater2 Heater 2 output ‐ ‐ Read Only BI26_HotGasReheat Hot gas reheat output ‐ ‐ Read Only BI27_Humidifier Humidifier output ‐ ‐ Read Only BI28_PumpEnable Pump enable output ‐ ‐ Read Only BI29_SplyFan Supply fan output ‐ ‐ Read Only BI30_Damper Damper output ‐ ‐ Read Only BI31_AhuOn Current unit status ‐ ‐ Read Only BI32_NetOff Unit disabled by multi‐unit sequencing ‐ ‐ Read Only BI33_AlarmShutdown Unit disabled by active alarms ‐ ‐ Read Only Binary Points 126 127 MARK: DH RELIEF PROJECT: DC 10MW DATE: 09/27/2024 Max. E D B C T Sq. A Dia. Lifting Lug LXUL Low Silhouette Upblast Exhaust Ventilator Low Pressure X-Stream Propeller Roof Mounted/Belt Drive STANDARD CONSTRUCTION FEATURES: X-Stream steel propeller - All non-galvanized steel components finished with Lorenized baked powder coat - 14 gauge spun steel Venturi/curb cap - 14 gauge steel lower drum - Minimum 18 gauge steel windband -Welded tubular steel power assembly - 2 point lifting lugs - Aluminum butterfly damper doors (20-36) - Galvanized steel butterfly dampers (42-60) - Welded curb cap corners - Adjustable pitch drives through 5 hp - Regreasable bearings in cast housing, rated at 200,000 hours average life - Propellers are statically and dynamically balanced - Corrosion resistant fasteners - Oil and heat resistant, static conducting belts - All fans factory adjusted to specified RPM Qty Catalog Number Flow (CFM) SP (in.) Fan RPM Power* (HP)FEG FEI 10 60 LXUL 44700 .250 436 6.18 67 1.14 Performance (*Bhp includes 6% drive loss) HP RPM Volts/Ph/Hz Enclosure FLA Mounted VFD Rated 10 1725 460/3/60 ODP -PE 14 No Yes Motor Information 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LwA dBA Sones 93 97 95 85 82 77 74 67 90 79 33 Sound Data Inlet Sound Power by Octave Band CookSelect v2.0 - February 2024 Page 1 of 6 Accessories: Premium Efficiency Motor (Min. 91.7%) DRIVES (1.5 SF) @ 436 RPM ROOF CURB RCG 70 24H -C-T-N SL-1:12 DRIP PAN MAGNETIC LATCHES ANTICONDENSATE COAT BELT TENSIONR-ROTARY A Dia.67-1/4 B 51 C 49 D Max.28 E 3 T Sq.72 Roof Open.67-1/2 Weight(lb)***Shipping 1781 Unit 1033 NOTE: Accessories may affect dimensions shown. Dimensions (inches) ***Includes fan, motor & accessories. 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.0 0 12000 24000 36000 48000 60000 Flow (CFM)SP (in.)Power (HP)Fan Curve Fan Curve Legend CFM vs SP CFM vs HP Point of Operation System Curve Altitude (ft): 5312 Temperature (F): 95 NEMA Premium® efficiency motor per MG-1 (2014) Table 12-12 FLA based on NEC (2017) Table 430.250 - Distance from Sound source 5 ft 128 MARK: ELEC RELIEF OPTION PROJECT: DC 10MW DATE: 09/27/2024 T Sq.B A C W HXEL Hooded Exhaust Ventilator Low-Pressure Steel Propeller Roof Mounted/Belt Drive STANDARD CONSTRUCTION FEATURES: X-stream steel propeller - Spun steel Venturi/curb cap - Lorenized steel lower housing - Galvanized steel hood - Birdscreen - Heavy duty steel power assembly - Welded curb cap corners - Adjustable pitch drives through 5 hp motor - Regreasable bearings in cast housing rated at 200,000 hours average life - Propellers are statically and dynamically balanced - Corrosion resistant fasteners - Oil and heat resistant, static conducting belts - All fans factory adjusted to specified RPM. NOTE: Sizes 42-60 require field assembly of hood. Qty Catalog Number Flow (CFM) SP (in.) Fan RPM Power* (HP)FEG FEI 1 60HXEL13B 45000 .250 474 9.07 <50 0.81 Performance (*Bhp includes 5% drive loss) HP RPM Volts/Ph/Hz Enclosure FLA Mounted VFD Rated 10 1725 460/3/60 ODP -PE 14 No Yes Motor Information 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LwA dBA Sones 90 92 89 86 83 81 79 73 89 77 30 Sound Data Inlet Sound Power by Octave Band CookSelect v2.0 - February 2024 Page 5 of 11 Accessories: Premium Efficiency Motor (Min. 91.7%) DRIVES (1.5 SF) @ 474 RPM BD MOTORIZED INTAKE CTR PIVOT LA-66-24V ROOF CURB RCG 70 24H -C-T+N SL-1:12 ENAMEL-CURB GASKET W/NAILER-CURB ANTICONDENSATE COAT LIFTING LUGS - SHIPPED LOOSE ALUMINUM HOOD EXTENDED BASE HXB-70 BELT TENSIONR-ROTARY A 44-1/2 B 3 C 14-3/4 L x W 121 x 119 T Sq.72 Base Ga.14 Hood Ga.18 Roof Open.Sq.*67-1/2 Weight(lb)***Shipping 2078 Unit 1657 NOTE: Accessories may affect dimensions shown. Dimensions (inches) *ROOF OPENING SIZE FOR CURBS SUPPLIED BY COOK ONLY. ***Includes fan, motor & accessories. 0.00 0.30 0.60 0.90 1.20 1.50 0.00 3.00 6.00 9.00 12.0 15.0 0 11000 22000 33000 44000 55000 Flow (CFM)SP (in.)Power (HP)Fan Curve Fan Curve Legend CFM vs SP CFM vs HP Point of Operation System Curve Altitude (ft): 5312 Temperature (F): 70 NEMA Premium® efficiency motor per MG-1 (2014) Table 12-12 FLA based on NEC (2017) Table 430.250 - Distance from Sound source 5 ft 129 PROJECT: DC 10MW DATE: 09/27/2024 Roof Opening Ht F Sq. Wood Nailer Insulation Damper Tray(Optional) Drop-In B W A C Typ. D RCG SLOPED Galvanized Steel CookSelect v2.0 - February 2024 Page 7 of 11 Mark Qty Description Ht Options* Rise/Run A B C D F Sq.W Sq.Roof Opening DH RELIEF 10 RCG 70 24 4; 1:12 1.5 1.875 2 6 70.5 63.75 67.5 X 67.5 ELEC RELIEF 1 RCG 70 24 4; 6; 1:12 1.5 1.875 2 6 70.5 63.75 67.5 X 67.5 ELEC RELIEF OPTION 1 RCG 70 24 4; 6; 1:12 1.5 1.875 2 6 70.5 63.75 67.5 X 67.5 Dimensions (inches) Roof Curb STANDARD CONSTRUCTION FEATURES: 18 gauge galvanized steel - 1-1/2", 3 lbs. density thermal and acoustical insulation - Continuously welded corners - Wood nailer. Options:(As noted below*) 1) No wood nailer (deduct 1-1/2" for actual height) 2) Drop-in damper tray. 3) Liner. 4) Gasket on wood nailer. 5) Lorenized coating. 6) Enamel coating. 7) Burglar bars. 130 PROJECT: DC 10MW DATE: 09/27/2024 Air Flow Opposed Blade E B AA C D Max. Motorized Damper Low Leakage Class 1A Rated CookSelect v2.0 - February 2024 Page 9 of 11 Mark Qty Description A B C D Max E Num. Actuators ELEC RELIEF OPTION 1 BDMICLA-66-24V 1-1/2 5 10-3/4 11-1/2 62-3/4 1 Dimensions (inches) Aluminum STANDARD CONSTRUCTION FEATURES: -Frame: 5" x 1" x 6063T5 extruded hat channel with .125" minimum wall thickness. -Blades: 6" wide, 6063T5 heavy gauge extruded aluminum, airfoil shape. Opposed blade standard. -Seals: Synthetic polymer blade edge seals and flexible metal compressible jamb seals. -Bearings: Molded synthetic. -Linkage: Concealed in frame. -Axles: 1/2" plated steel hex. -Temperature Limits: -72 to +275 deg. Fahrenheit. -Actuator in Airstream available in 24v, 115v, (230v and 460v with transformer). Power Open/spring Close -MIN 13-1/2" CURB HT REQUIRED IF CURB MOUNTED. 131 PROJECT: DC 10MW DATE: 09/27/2024 D RemovablePanel Gravity/MotorizedBackdraft Damper(not included) (not included)Standard Curb Do Not Allow RoofingMaterial Above FlashingRoofing Material(by others) Typical Flashing (by others) C D AB HXB Heavy Duty Extended Base CookSelect v2.0 - February 2024 Page 10 of 11 Mark Qty Description A B C D ELEC RELIEF OPTION 1 EXTENDED BASE HXB-70 71-9/16 71-5/8 21-19/32 2-7/16 Dimensions (inches) With Damper Access Door STANDARD CONSTRUCTION FEATURES: 18 gauge galvanized steel construction - One removable side panel. 132 R N -0 0 6 -3 -0 -G 6 0 C -1 2 A :A1A 01B 01C 01D -C2 L3 B4 -D5A B5B D5C -A6A G6B B6C -07 08 E9 A10 011 A12 013 -014A 014B -015 016 017 018 019 C20 021 022 B23 RTU-ATag: Job Information Job Name: Job Number:Job #8 Site Altitude:0 ft Refrigerant: R-410A Unit Information Approx. Op./Ship Weights:1014 lbs / 1014 lbs (±5%) Ambient Temperature (DB/WB):95.0 °F / 65.0 °F Coil Filter FV / Qty:202.5 fpm / 4 Supply Airflow/ESP:1800 SCFM / 1.30 in. w.g. Outside Airflow:550 SCFM Return Temperature (DB/WB):75.0 °F / 62.0 °F Static Pressure External: 1.30 in. w.g. Evaporator: 0.10 in. w.g. Filters Clean: 0.13 in. w.g. Dirt Allowance: 0.35 in. w.g. Reheat Coil: Economizer: 0.12 in. w.g. Heating: 0.02 in. w.g. Cabinet: 0.06 in. w.g. Total: 2.08 in. w.g. Heating Section Preheat Type:Std (No Preheat) Integrated Heat Capacity:38.3 MBH Primary Heat Type:Heat Pump Total Capacity:42.5 MBH OA Temp (DB/WB):20.0 °F / 19.0 °F RA Temp (DB/WB):75.0 °F / 62.0 °F Entering Air Temp (DB/WB):58.2 °F / 51.8 °F Leaving Air Temp (DB/WB):77.3 °F / 59.5 °F Input (Emergency/Aux):20.0 kW / 20.0 kW Fan Temp Rise:1.5 °F Auxiliary Heating Type:Electric Heat Heating Airflow:1800 SCFM Total Capacity:68.2 MBH Entering Air Temp (DB/WB):77.3 °F / 59.5 °F Leaving Air Temp (DB/WB):112.0 °F / 70.8 °F Electric Heat FLA:24 Circuit 1 Rating: Unit FLA: Minimum Circuit Amp: Maximum Overcurrent: Qty HP VAC Phase RPM FLA RLA Compressor 1:1 460 3 8.5 Condenser Fan:1 0.33 460 1 1100 1.6 Supply Fan:1 2.00 460 3 1760 3.4 460V/3Ø/60Hz 38 46 50 SCCR: 5 KAIC Cooling Section Gross Net Total Capacity: 64.1 MBH 61.0 MBH Sensible Capacity: 57.9 MBH 54.8 MBH Latent Capacity: 6.2 MBH Mixed Air Temp (DB/WB): 81.1 °F 62.9 °F Entering Air Temp (DB/WB):81.1 °F 62.9 °F Lv Air Temp (Coil) (DB/WB):50.9 °F 49.9 °F Lv Air Temp (Unit) (DB/WB):52.5 °F 50.6 °F Supply Air Fan:1 x RN150 @ 1.06 BHP Ea. SA Fan RPM / Width:1828 RPM / 3.360 in SA Fan FEI:1.33 Evaporator Coil: 8.5 ft² / 3 Rows / 14 FPI Evaporator Face Velocity: 211.6 fpm Rating Information Application EER @ Op. Conditions:10.1 BTU/h·W Application COP @ Op. Conditions: 2.63 W/W Electrical Data Cabinet Sound Power Levels* Octave Bands:63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Discharge LW (dB):80 77 80 77 70 68 64 59 Return LW (dB):75 72 68 63 59 54 42 34*Sound power levels are given for informational purposes only. The sound levels are not guaranteed. 2425 South Yukon Ave • Tulsa, OK 74107 • Ph: (918) 583-2266 Ecat Version: 345.0 Unit Rating Date Printed:3/18/2024 9:57:18 AMDate Created/Modified:3/18/2024 9:23:31 AM Using Version:5.322 Page 1 Of 2 133 Performance Data Table DB ºF WB ºF DB ºF WB ºF DB ºF WB ºF MBH MBH MBH W/W 62.0 56.2 71.0 60.3 110.5 72.9 77.3 77.3 3.79 57.0 51.6 69.5 59.0 105.9 71.0 71.5 71.5 3.68 52.0 47.1 68.0 57.9 101.7 69.3 66.3 66.3 3.57 47.0 42.6 66.4 56.8 97.4 67.6 61.1 61.1 3.45 42.0 38.0 64.9 55.7 93.8 66.1 57.2 57.2 3.34 37.0 33.5 63.4 54.8 86.4 63.3 53.2 45.7 2.80 32.0 28.8 61.9 53.8 83.6 62.1 49.5 43.3 2.75 27.0 24.3 60.3 52.9 80.9 60.9 46.2 40.9 2.69 22.0 19.7 58.8 52.0 78.1 59.7 43.0 38.6 2.63 17.0 15.0 57.3 51.1 75.5 58.5 40.1 36.5 2.56 12.0 10.4 55.8 50.3 72.8 57.3 37.4 34.3 2.49 7.0 5.7 54.2 49.5 70.1 56.1 34.8 32.0 2.40 2.0 0.1 52.7 48.6 ***** Outside Air Mixed Air Leaving Air Heat Pump Capacity Heat Pump Integrated Capacity Heat Wheel Heating Capacity Heating COP *Invalid operation point - Compressor operating outside of operating envelope Job Information Job Name: Job Number: Job #8 OA CFM: 550 SA CFM: R N -0 0 6 -3 -0 -G 6 0 C -1 2 A :A1A 01B 01C 01D -C2 L3 B4 -D5A B5B D5C -A6A G6B B6C -07 08 E9 A10 011 A12 013 -014A 014B -015 016 017 018 019 C20 021 022 B232425 South Yukon Ave • Tulsa, OK 74107 • Ph: (918) 583-2266 Ecat Version: 345.0 Unit Rating Date Printed:3/18/2024 9:57:18 AMDate Created/Modified:3/18/2024 9:23:31 AM Using Version:5.322 Page 2 Of 2 134 JOB INFORMATION:WHEEL SPECIFICATION: Job Name: Job Tag: RTU-A Date: 3/18/2024 12:00:00 AM Max RPM: 2200 Diameter x Qty: 15 in. x 1 CFM: 1800 Inertia: 3WR² OPERATING CONDITIONS MOTOR SELECTION Air Flow:1800 Fan Energy Index (FEI):1.33 Static Pressure: 2.08 in. Wg Relief Dampers DP: 0 in. Wg TSP: 2.08 in. Wg Site Altitude 0 ft TSP @ Sea Level: 2.08 in. Wg Rated HP / Bypass: 2 x 1 / No Frame Size: 145T Nominal RPM: 1760 VAC/PH/HZ: 460V/3Ø/60Hz Enclosure Type: ODP Max Inertial Load: 0 WR² FAN PERFORMANCE:FAN SOUND POWER (Inlet/Outlet) RPM: 1828 BHP: 1.06 Efficiency: 55.68% Max Duct SP with Blocked Airway: 0 in. Wg @1828 RPM Octave Band:(Re 10^-12 watts) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 80 77 80 79 73 71 68 63 80 77 80 79 73 71 68 63 SOUND POWER A-Weighted: 63 dB Max Duct SP with Blocked Airway: 2425 South Yukon Ave • Tulsa, OK 74107 • Ph: (918) 583-2266 Ecat Version: 345.0 15" STAR Plenum Date Printed:3/18/2024 9:57:19 AMDate Created/Modified:3/18/2024 9:23:31 AM Using Version:5.322 135 R N -0 0 6 -3 -0 -G 6 0 C -1 2 A :A1A 01B 01C 01D -C2 L3 B4 -D5A B5B D5C -A6A G6B B6C -07 08 E9 A10 011 A12 013 -014A 014B -015 016 017 018 019 C20 021 022 B23Unit Submittal 2425 South Yukon Ave • Tulsa, OK 74107 • Ph: (918) 583-2266 Ecat Version: 345.0 Tag: Job Name: Unit Worksheet For: Job Number: Job #8 Unit Worksheet Date: 3/18/2024 RTU-A Feature Option Decription A F1A. RA/OA Section Economizer 0 F1B. RA/EA Blower Configuration Standard - None 0 F1C. RA/EA Blower Standard - None 0 F1D. RA/EA Blower Motor Standard - None C F2. OA Control Fully Modulating Actuator - Sensible Limit L F3. Heat Options 20 kW - Auxiliary Heating Capacity B F4. Maintenance Options 115V Convenience Outlet - Factory Wired D F5A. SA Blower Configuration 1 Blower + Premium Efficiency Motor + 1 VFD B F5B. SA Blower 15'' Direct Drive Backward Curved Plenum D F5C. SA Motor 2.0 hp - 1760 rpm A F6A. Pre Filter Type 2" Pleated Pre Filter - 30% Eff G F6B. Unit Filter Type 4" Pleated - 85% Eff - MERV 13 B F6C. Filter Options Magnehelic Gauge 0 F7. Refrigeration Control Standard - Fixed 55°F Comp. Cooling Lock Out + Adjustable Comp. Heating Lock Out 0 F8. Refrigeration Options Standard E F9. Refrigeration Accessories ECM Condenser Fan - Head Pressure Control A F10. Power Options Non-fused Disconnect Power Switch - 100 Amps 0 F11. Safety Options Standard A F12. Controls Low Limit Controls 0 F13. Special Controls Terminal Block for Thermostat Control 0 F14A. Outside Air Configuration Standard - None 0 F14B. Preheat Sizing Standard - None 0 F15. Glycol Percent Water or No WSHP 0 F16. Interior Cabinet Options Standard - Double Wall + R-13 Foam Insulation + Stainless Steel Drain Pan 0 F17. Exterior Cabinet Options Standard 0 F18. Electrical Rating Standard - 5 KAIC 0 F19. Code Options Standard - ETL U.S.A. Listing C F20. Crating Shrink Wrap 0 F21. Water-Cooled Cond.Standard - None 0 F22. Control Vendors Standard B F23. Type Standard - Includes AAON Gray Paint Base Option Description RN Generation Rooftop - Ninth Generation 006 Unit Size Six 3 Voltage 460V/3φ/60Hz 0 Interior Protection Standard G Refrigerant Style R-410A Two-Step Compressor - High Efficiency 6 Unit Configuration Alpha Class - Air-Source Heat Pump 0 Coil Coating Standard C Cooling/Heat Pump Staging 2 Stage Heat Pump + 1 Stage Auxiliary Heat 1 Heating Type Electric Heat 2 Heating Designation Heat 2 - 20 kW A Heating Staging Modulating/SCR Electric - 0-10V Control Signal Date Created/Modified:3/18/2024 9:23:31 AM Using Version:5.322 Date Printed:3/18/2024 9:57:19 AMPage 2 Of 3 136 R N -0 0 6 -3 -0 -G 6 0 C -1 2 A :A1A 01B 01C 01D -C2 L3 B4 -D5A B5B D5C -A6A G6B B6C -07 08 E9 A10 011 A12 013 -014A 014B -015 016 017 018 019 C20 021 022 B23Terminals 2425 South Yukon Ave • Tulsa, OK 74107 • Ph: (918) 583-2266 Ecat Version: 345.0 Tag: Job Name: For: Job Number: Job #8 Date: March 18, 2024 RTU-A Terminals Available/Required for Controlling the Unit Terminals Decription [R]24VAC Control Voltage [C]Common [G]Supply Fan Enable [Y1]Cooling Stage 1 Enable/ Heat Pump - Heating Stage 1 Enable [O]Reversing Valve (Cooling) Enable [W1]Aux Heat Stage 1 Enable [+] & [-]SCR Control Signal (0-10VDC) [A1] & [A2]Economizer Enable [S1-] & [S2+]Supply Fan 1 - w/ 1 VFD: Signal (0-10VDC) VFD frequency reference signal control point must handle a rated 20k ohm input impedance. Date Printed:3/18/2024 9:57:19 AMDate Created/Modified:3/18/2024 9:23:31 AM Using Version:5.322 137 FORMED UP RAISE MINIMUM FOR THE RETURN AIR AND ELEC ENTRY OPENINGS. HIGH VOLT ENTRY 1 GAS ENTRY LOW VOLT ENTRY DETAIL A DETAIL B DETAIL C RAISE MINIMUM FOR THE SUPPLY AIR OPENING FORMED UP 3"4 1 3" 4 1 1"8 1"2 1"2 RNA-00013 REV:B 05/18/15 MLW NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES RIGHT SIDE VIEW OUTSIDE AIR INSIDE BASE RAILS BLOWERACCESS COMPRESSOR ACCESS COIL ACCESS SUPPLY RETURN BLOWER SUPPLY COIL FILTER 1" MPT STAINLESS CONDENSATE CONNECTION. 78 34 40 58 44 82 14 4 12 AIR FLOW 17 34 RN SERIES A - CABINET ECONOMIZER ~ 6-10 TON FRONT VIEW CONTROLS AND HEATER ACCESS COMBUSTION AIR INLETS (GAS HEAT ONLY) CONDENSER COIL CONDENSER COIL ACCESS FLUE OUTLET (GAS HEAT ONLY) POWER SWITCH ACCESS COVER ø11 2 GAS ENTRY 40 12 43 34 INSIDE BASE RAILS 79 5 38 1178 9 TOP VIEW SEE DETAIL "B"SEE DETAIL "C" SEE DETAIL "A" 35 14 7 18 24 78 27 7 12 82 1 8 OUTSIDE AIR HOODSUPPLY RETURN COIL2158 8 12 12 34 32 13 22 12 34 78 44 18 82 FILTER ACCESS358 40 38 (4) LIFTING LUGS 17 58 NOTE: THE RNA UNIT IS NOT COMPATIBLE WITH PREVIOUS GENERATIONS OF AAON CURBS. AN ADAPTER CURB IS AVAILABLE IN ECAT. CLEARANCES LOCATION OUTSIDE AIR • UNIT SIZE • 6 - 10 TON 36*(BACK) CONTROLS SIDE (FRONT) LEFT SIDE RIGHT SIDE TOP UNOBSTRUCTED 48 48 6 *CLEARANCE IS MEASURED FROM THE END OF THE OUTSIDE AIR RAIN HOOD 138 AAON RN-006-3-0-G60C-12A:A000-CLB-DBD-AGB-00EA0A0-00-00000C00B RNA CABINET AIR COOLED CONDENSING UNIT Front Right Corner: 236 lbs Back Left Corner: 266 lbs Back Right Corner: 205 lbs CGx: 38.2" CGy: 24.8" Total Weight: 1014 lbs +X +Y Disclaimer: This weight estimate does not account for any SPAs. Front Left Corner: 306 lbs 0" 0"82" 44"OUTSIDE AIR HOODSUPPLY RETURN COIL139 MARK: RES ELEC RF PROJECT: DC 10MW DATE: 09/27/2024 T Sq.B A C W HXEL Hooded Exhaust Ventilator Low-Pressure Steel Propeller Roof Mounted/Belt Drive STANDARD CONSTRUCTION FEATURES: X-stream steel propeller - Spun steel Venturi/curb cap - Lorenized steel lower housing - Galvanized steel hood - Birdscreen - Heavy duty steel power assembly - Welded curb cap corners - Adjustable pitch drives through 5 hp motor - Regreasable bearings in cast housing rated at 200,000 hours average life - Propellers are statically and dynamically balanced - Corrosion resistant fasteners - Oil and heat resistant, static conducting belts - All fans factory adjusted to specified RPM. NOTE: Sizes 42-60 require field assembly of hood. Qty Catalog Number Flow (CFM) SP (inwg) Fan RPM Power* (HP)FEG FEI 1 36HXEL11B 15000 .250 685 2.26 60 1.24 Performance (*Bhp includes 8% drive loss) HP RPM Volts/Ph/Hz Enclosure FLA Mounted VFD Rated 5 1725 460/3/60 ODP -PE 7.6 Yes Yes Motor Information 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LwA dBA Sones 85 88 84 78 74 70 68 63 81 70 19.3 Sound Data Inlet Sound Power by Octave Band CookSelect v2.0 - February 2024 Page 1 of 4 Accessories: Premium Efficiency Motor (Min. 89.5%) DRIVES (1.5 SF) @ 685 RPM DISCONNECT NEMA 3 ANTICONDENSATE COAT LIFTING LUGS EXTENDED LUBE LINES SPARE BELT SET A 33 B 3 C 10 L x W 80 x 80 T Sq.48 Base Ga.14 Hood Ga.18 Roof Open.Sq.*43-1/2 Weight(lb)***Shipping 951 Unit 688 NOTE: Accessories may affect dimensions shown. Dimensions (inches) *ROOF OPENING SIZE FOR CURBS SUPPLIED BY COOK ONLY. ***Includes fan, motor & accessories. 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 0.00 .600 1.20 1.80 2.40 3.00 0 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000 Flow (CFM)SP (inwg)Power (HP)Fan Curve Fan Curve Legend CFM vs SP CFM vs HP Point of Operation System Curve Altitude (ft): 0 Temperature (F): 70 NEMA Premium® efficiency motor per MG-1 (2014) Table 12-12 FLA based on NEC (2017) Table 430.250 - Distance from Sound source 5 ft 140 HXEL MARK: RES ELEC RF PROJECT: DC 10MW DATE: 09/27/2024 Catalog Number Flow (CFM) SP (inwg) Fan RPM Power* (HP)FEG FEI OVEL (FPM) TSPD (FPM)SE Temp (°F) ALT (ft) 36HXEL11B 15000 .250 685 2.26 60 1.24 2038 6456 28%70 0 Performance (*Bhp includes 8% drive loss) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LwA dBA Sones 85 88 84 78 74 70 68 63 81 70 19.3 Sound Data Inlet Sound Power by Octave Band HP RPM Volts/Ph/Hz Enclosure FLA Mounted VFD Rated 5 1725 460/3/60 ODP -PE 7.6 Yes Yes Motor Information Distance from Sound source 5 • MaxRPM=895 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 0.00 .600 1.20 1.80 2.40 3.00 0 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000 Flow (CFM)SP (inwg)Power (HP)Fan Curve Legend CFM vs SP CFM vs HP Point of Operation System Curve Do Not Select CookSelect v2.0 - February 2024 Page 2 of 4 FLA based on NEC (2017) Table 430.250 141 MARK: RES ELEC RF PROJECT: DC 10MW DATE: 09/27/2024 HXEL AMCA License Information Loren Cook Company certifies that the 36HXEL11B shown herein is licensed to bear the AMCA Seal. The ratings shown are based on tests and procedures performed in accordance with AMCA Publication 211 and AMCA Publication 311 and comply with the requirements of the AMCA Certified Ratings Program. Performance certified is for installation type A: free inlet, free outlet. Power rating (BHP/kW) does not include transmission losses. Performance ratings do not include the effects of appurtenances (accessories). The sound ratings shown are loudness values in hemispherical sones at 5 ft. in a hemispherical free field calculated per AMCA Standard 301. Values shown are for Installation type A: free inlet hemispherical sone levels. The AMCA International licensed air and/or sound performance data has been modified for installation, appurtenances or accessories, etc. not included in the certified data. The modified performance is not AMCA licensed but is provided to aid in selection and applications of the product. The sound power level ratings shown are in decibels, referred to 10(-12) watts calculated per AMCA Standard 301. Values shown are for inlet Lwi and LwiA sound power levels for installation type A: free inlet, free outlet. Ratings do not include the effects of duct end correction. The A-weighted sound ratings shown have been calculated per AMCA Standard 301. The dBA levels shown have been calculated for a distance of 5 ft in a hemispherical free field. The AMCA Certified Ratings Seal applies to free air sone ratings only. Octave Band, LwA and dBA levels are not AMCA International licensed. CookSelect v2.0 - February 2024 Page 3 of 4142 MARK: RES ELEC RF PROJECT: DC 10MW DATE: 09/27/2024 Limited Warranty Loren Cook Company warrants that your Loren Cook fan was manufactured free of defects in materials and workmanship, to the extent stated herein. For a period of one (1) year after date of shipment, we will replace any parts found to be defective without charge, except for shipping costs which will be paid by you. This warranty is granted only to the original purchaser placing the fan in service. This warranty is void if the fan or any part thereof has been altered or modified from its original design or has been abused, misused, damaged or is in worn condition or if the fan has been used other than for the uses described in the company manual. This warranty does not cover defects resulting from normal wear and tear. To make a warranty claim, notify Loren Cook Company, General Offices, 2015 East Dale Street, Springfield, Missouri 65803-4637, explaining in writing, in detail, your complaint and referring to the specific model and serial numbers of your fan. Upon receipt by Loren Cook Company of your written complaint, you will be notified, within thirty (30) days of our receipt of your complaint, in writing, as to the manner in which your claim will be handled. If you are entitled to warranty relief, a warranty adjustment will be completed within sixty (60) business days of the receipt of your written complaint by Loren Cook Company. This warranty gives only the original purchaser placing the fan in service specifically the right. You may have other legal rights which vary from state to state. For fans provided with motors, the motor manufacturer warrants motors for a designated period stated in the manufacturer’s warranty. Warranty periods vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. Should motors furnished by Loren Cook Company prove defective during the designated period, they should be returned to the nearest authorized motor service station. Loren Cook Company will not be responsible for any removal or installation costs. CookSelect v2.0 - February 2024 Page 4 of 4143 Page 1 Winchester Gateway – Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Economic Impact Analysis Executive Summary This report provides economic impact estimates to Frederick County (the “County”) resulting from the Winchester Gateway – Phase I data center development (the “Development”). These include estimates of the recurring additional tax revenues that the County may receive as a result of the Development and estimates of the one-time economic impacts from construction. Detailed calculations related to the economic impacts are included in the appended schedules. Winchester Gateway LLC (the “Developer”) plans to engage in future phases of substantial additional development on adjacent parcels. References to the Development in this analysis refer only to this first phase of development. This report begins with information regarding the economic benefits of data centers more generally. Economic Benefits of Data Centers In addition to the economic benefits described in subsequent sections that the County may receive from the prospective Development, information from public sources suggests various possible economic benefits of a data center to the County. These benefits can be seen by examining both the expected growth of the industry overall and its direct effects on tax revenues. Data centers will likely be a major growth industry in the near future and may exceed growth in other areas of commercial real estate. Data centers are the only major type of commercial real estate expected to see more construction completions in 2026 than in any of the previous five years individually throughout North America, Europe, and Asia.1 Companies worldwide are expected to make $6.7 trillion in data center capital expenditures by 2030 to meet a near tripling of demand for data center capacity.2 In the United States, the data center market is expected to grow 10.1% annually between 2024 and 2030.3 Additionally, data center employment in the United States grew by more than 60% between 2016 and 2023.4 This suggests that the impact of data center growth will be seen not just in temporary construction and technology production but in permanent employment and permanent service provision by utilities and other industries. Northern Virginia, widely acknowledged as the data center capital of the world, provides nearby evidence of these larger trends. In Loudoun County, data centers have an average assessed value of 1 JLL, Global Real Estate Outlook: Six Forces Reshaping Commercial Real Estate in 2026. https://www.jll.com/en- us/insights/market-outlook/global-real-estate, accessed December 8, 2025. 2 McKinsey & Company, The cost of compute: A $7 trillion race to scale data centers, April 28 2025. 3 Summer Street Advisors, Data Centers and CRE: What You Need to Know. June 6, 2025. 4 United States Census Bureau, Data Centers Growing Fast and Reshaping Local Economies, January 2025. 144 Page 2 $609 per square foot, which is around triple the value of other commercial uses.5 In Prince William County, which has fewer data centers than Loudoun County, data centers were still responsible for 83% of business tangible (personal property) tax revenue.6 In the state of Virginia as a whole in 2022, data centers paid $640 million in state taxes and $1 billion in local government taxes.7 Additionally, while this report does not directly estimate additional County expenses on services that would be provided to this prospective Development, the estimated local government revenue to expense ratios for data centers are 13-to-1 in Prince William County and 26-to-1 in Loudoun County, as compared to a ratio of 4-to-1 for manufacturing plants.7 Moreover, since 2008, Loudoun County has decreased its real property tax rate from $1.285 to $0.805, and, in the most recent fiscal year, Loudoun County decreased its vehicle tax rate by $0.67. Both of these are largely due to the additional property tax revenues generated by data centers.5 Development According to the Developer, the Development is expected to include approximately 675,000 square feet of data center space divided over three buildings and a single power substation. TABLE A shows the estimated assessed values of real and business personal property resulting from the completed Development. TABLE A SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENT ASSESSED VALUE Estimated Total Property Assessed Value Estimated Property Type GSF (a) Per GSF (b) Assessed Value Data center - real property 675,000 $544 $367,425,860 Data center - business personal property 675,000 $377 $254,321,612 Total 675,000 $921 $621,747,472 (a)Represents approximate amount based on current project plan provided by Developer. The exact size and layout of the Development is subject to change throughout the site plan approval process. (b)Estimated real property assessed value is based on MuniCap's research of data centers with similar ownership structure to the Development. Estimated business personal property assessed value is based on information provided by Loudoun County and Prince William County and an assumed depreciation rate provided by Frederick County. See Appendix D. Projected assessed values are as of full buildout, excluding appreciation. 5 Loudoun County Data Center FAQs. https://www.loudoun.gov/FAQ.aspx?QID=1799, accessed December 2025. 6 Prince William County, 2024 Data Center Industry Tax Revenue Report. 7 Northern Virginia Technology Council, The Impact of Data Centers on Virginia’s State and Local Economies 5th Biennial Report, April 2024. 145 Page 3 Projection of Impacts In estimating future economic impacts in the County, MuniCap employed a combination of accepted approaches for such forecasts. To calculate permanent and temporary employment and economic impacts at the Development, MuniCap used IMPLAN Cloud software developed by IMPLAN Group, LLC. IMPLAN Cloud is an industry-accepted economic impact assessment software system. For the inputs used in developing the models, MuniCap relied on a variety of sources, which are noted in the appended schedules to this narrative. For the calculation of economic benefits, primarily those in the form of increased tax revenue, MuniCap applied the actual taxing methodology by multiplying the applicable tax rate by the estimated taxable item in question whenever possible. For instance, MuniCap estimated real property taxes by multiplying projected assessed value by the current applicable real property tax rate. Other revenues calculated in this manner include business personal property taxes and utility taxes. MuniCap estimated local sales and use tax and meals and lodging tax revenues on a per capita basis using service population (county residents plus employees that reside outside the county.) MuniCap assumed a uniform annual increase of 2.0% in most revenue categories. For real property taxes, this was expressed as an approximately 4.0% increase biennially, as real property in the County is reassessed biennially. The appended schedules provide specific calculations of impacts, along with the sources of the underlying assumptions. Employment Impacts – Employment, Income, and Output TABLE B summarizes the projected permanent employment impacts after completion of the Development. Direct impact jobs and income represent full-time equivalent (“FTE”) positions at the Development, converting both full-time and part-time employees to the equivalent number of full- time employees. Indirect and induced impact jobs and income include full-time and part-time employees across all industries. Specifically, indirect impact jobs and income are based on the effects of purchases within the supply chain that stem from the direct industry input. Induced impact jobs and income are based on household spending of labor income of employees within the supply chain. Income includes wages, benefits, payroll taxes, and proprietor’s income. TABLE B PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS Permanent Employment Impacts: Jobs (a) Income (b) Data Center: Direct impacts (FTEs) 116 $9,975,747 Indirect and induced impacts 50 $2,508,629 Total 166 $12,484,376 (a)Direct impact jobs represent FTE data center jobs. Indirect and induced impact jobs represent full-time and part-time employees across all industries. See Appendix E-1. (b)Employee income includes wages, benefits, payroll taxes, and proprietor's income. Indirect and induced impact income represents employee income across all industries. See Appendix E-1. 146 Page 4 TABLE C summarizes the projected one-time employment impacts and economic impacts resulting from the construction of the Development. Impacts assume a one-year duration. Direct and indirect and induced impacts are shown in the same manner as in Table B. TABLE C CONSTRUCTION-RELATED IMPACTS Construction (One-Time) Impacts (a) Jobs (b) Income (c) Jobs and Income Direct impacts (FTEs) 3,374 $331,458,100 Indirect and induced impacts 1,167 $76,136,228 Total 4,541 $407,594,328 Economic Output(d) Direct impacts (construction cost) $810,000,000 Indirect and induced impacts $276,785,539 Total $1,086,785,539 (a)Impacts assume a one-year duration. See Appendix E-2. (b)Direct impact jobs represent FTE construction employees. Indirect and induced impact jobs represent full-time and part-time employees across all industries. (c)Direct impact income represents total employee income for all construction jobs. Employee income includes wages, benefits, payroll taxes, and proprietor's income. Indirect and induced impact income represents employee income across all industries. (d)Direct impact economic output represents construction hard costs as provided by the Developer. Indirect and induced economic output represents additional economic output across all industries. Economic Impacts - Revenues TABLE D summarizes the projected general fund revenues to the County for thirty fiscal years, including the current year and ending June 30, 2055, based on the projected Development. Annual revenues are shown at full buildout in current dollars. Thirty-year cumulative revenues reflect projected construction completion and appreciation and inflation. TABLE D PROJECTED REVENUES – ANNUAL AND CUMULATIVE THROUGH FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 2055 Annual Cumulative through Frederick County Gross (Current Dollars at Fiscal Year Ending Tax Revenues - Full Buildout Full Buildout)(a) 6/30/2055(b) Real property tax revenues $1,763,644 $59,798,425 Business personal property tax revenues $12,360,030 $413,717,144 Utility tax revenues $99,891 $2,397,372 Additional tax revenues $23,227 $779,995 Total $14,246,792 $476,692,936 (a)Represents annual impacts following project stabilization, excluding appreciation and inflation. (b)Represents cumulative impacts over the period shown, including appreciation and inflation. 147 Page 5 TABLE E shows the estimated general fund revenue increase from the Development as a percentage of the County general fund budget. TABLE E PROJECTED ANNUAL INCREASE TO COUNTY REVENUES Comparison of Projected Revenues Revenues Frederick County current revenues(a) $267,811,364 Proposed Development projected revenues $14,246,792 Overall increase in projected revenues 5.32% (a)Source: Frederick County, Virginia FY 2025-2026 Adopted Budget. Limitations Projecting economic and employment impacts is inherently imprecise, particularly when results are extrapolated over several years. Furthermore, there are different methods of projecting economic impacts, and different analysts will arrive at different conclusions. The conclusions in this study are not intended to be precise results; they are intended to represent reasonable estimates of the potential economic impacts to Frederick County from the Development. 148 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Economic Impact Analysis Prepared By: April 21, 2026 149 Schedule S-1: Summary of Economic Impacts to Frederick County S-1 I.Summary of Proposed Development 1 II.Projected Construction Completion 2 III.Projected Real Property Tax Revenues A. Projected Assessed Value 3 B. Projected Tax Revenues 4 IV.Projected Business Personal Property Tax Revenues 5 V.Projected Utility Tax Revenues A. Annual 6 B. 30 Years 7 VI.Projected Additional Revenues to Frederick County A. Annual 8 B. 30 Years 9 VII.Total Projected General Fund Revenues to Frederick County 10 Appendix A: Frederick County Allocation Factors A-1 Appendix B: Projected Employees B-1 Appendix C: Projected Service Population C-1 Appendix D: Valuation 1. Comparison of Valuation Methods D-1 2. Projected Assessed Value of Comparable Properties D-2 3. Projected Assessed Value of Business Personal Property D-3 Appendix E: Jobs and Indirect/Induced Impacts 1. Data Center E-1 3. Temporary Construction E-2 Economic Impact Analysis Appendices Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Table of Contents Development Summary 150 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Schedule S-1: Summary of Economic Impacts to Frederick County Table 1: Summary of Economic Impacts - Annual and Cumulative Cumulative Annual Impacts - General Fund Revenues to Frederick County Impacts1 Thirty Years2 Schedule Real property tax revenues $1,763,644 $59,798,425 Schedule III-B Business personal property tax revenues $12,360,030 $413,717,144 Schedule IV Utility tax revenues $99,891 $2,397,372 Schedule V-B Additional tax revenues $23,227 $779,995 Schedule VI-B Total revenues to Frederick County $14,246,792 $476,692,936 Table 2: Summary of Economic Impacts - Permanent Jobs and Income from New Development Permanent Annual Income per Permanent Employment Impacts3 Jobs Income4 Employee Data center: Direct impacts (full-time equivalents)116 $9,975,747 $86,037 Indirect and induced impacts 50 $2,508,629 $50,354 Table 3: Summary of Economic Impacts - Temporary Jobs and Income from Construction5 Temporary Annual Income per Temporary Employment Impacts6 Jobs Income7 Employee Direct impacts (full-time equivalents)3,374 $331,458,100 $98,232 Indirect and induced impacts 1,167 $76,136,228 $65,262 MuniCap, Inc.21-Apr-26 1Represents annual impacts following project stabilization, excluding appreciation and inflation. 2Represents cumulative impacts over the period shown, including appreciation and inflation. 4Income includes wages, salary, benefits, payroll taxes, and proprietor's income. See Appendix E-1. 5Impacts assume a one-year duration. See Appendix E-2. 7Income includes wages, salary, benefits, payroll taxes, and proprietor's income. See Appendix E-2. 6Direct impact jobs and income represent full-time equivalent construction employees. Indirect and induced impact jobs and income represent full-time and part-time employees across all industries. See Appendix E-2. 3Direct impact jobs and income represent full-time equivalent employees. Indirect and induced impact jobs and income represent full-time and part-time employees across all industries. See Appendix E-1. S-1 151 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Development Summary 152 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Schedule I: Summary of Proposed Development Estimated Property Type Completion1 GSF1 Per GSF2 Total Data center 2031 675,000 $544 $367,425,860 Total development 675,000 $367,425,860 MuniCap, Inc.21-Apr-26 2See Appendix D-1. Assessed Value 1Represents approximate amount based on current project plan provided by the Developer. The exact size and layout of the development is subject to change throughout the site plan approval process. Represents only Phase I development and does not include possible future development on other parcels. Page 1 153 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Schedule II: Projected Construction Completion Development Assessed Year Ending As Of1 GSF Cumulative 31-Dec-24 1-Jan-25 0 0 31-Dec-25 1-Jan-26 0 0 31-Dec-26 1-Jan-27 0 0 31-Dec-27 1-Jan-28 0 0 31-Dec-28 1-Jan-29 0 0 31-Dec-29 1-Jan-30 225,000 225,000 31-Dec-30 1-Jan-31 225,000 450,000 31-Dec-31 1-Jan-32 225,000 675,000 31-Dec-32 1-Jan-33 0 675,000 31-Dec-33 1-Jan-34 0 675,000 31-Dec-34 1-Jan-35 0 675,000 31-Dec-35 1-Jan-36 0 675,000 31-Dec-36 1-Jan-37 0 675,000 31-Dec-37 1-Jan-38 0 675,000 31-Dec-38 1-Jan-39 0 675,000 31-Dec-39 1-Jan-40 0 675,000 31-Dec-40 1-Jan-41 0 675,000 31-Dec-41 1-Jan-42 0 675,000 31-Dec-42 1-Jan-43 0 675,000 31-Dec-43 1-Jan-44 0 675,000 31-Dec-44 1-Jan-45 0 675,000 31-Dec-45 1-Jan-46 0 675,000 31-Dec-46 1-Jan-47 0 675,000 31-Dec-47 1-Jan-48 0 675,000 31-Dec-48 1-Jan-49 0 675,000 31-Dec-49 1-Jan-50 0 675,000 31-Dec-50 1-Jan-51 0 675,000 31-Dec-51 1-Jan-52 0 675,000 31-Dec-52 1-Jan-53 0 675,000 31-Dec-53 1-Jan-54 0 675,000 Total 675,000 MuniCap, Inc.21-Apr-26 Data Center2 2Provided by the Developer except where otherwise noted. 1Real property is assessed for taxation as of January 1. Source: Frederick County Commissioner of the Revenue. Page 2 154 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Economic Impact Analysis 155 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Schedule III-A: Projected Real Property Tax Revenues - Projected Assessed Value Development Assessed Final Tax Fiscal Year Appreciation Value Total Year Ending As Of1 Due Date2 Ending2 Factor3 SF4 Per SF5 Assessed Value 31-Dec-24 1-Jan-25 5-Dec-25 30-Jun-26 100.0%0 $544 $0 31-Dec-25 1-Jan-26 5-Dec-26 30-Jun-27 100.0%0 $544 $0 31-Dec-26 1-Jan-27 5-Dec-27 30-Jun-28 104.0%0 $566 $0 31-Dec-27 1-Jan-28 5-Dec-28 30-Jun-29 104.0%0 $566 $0 31-Dec-28 1-Jan-29 5-Dec-29 30-Jun-30 108.2%0 $589 $0 31-Dec-29 1-Jan-30 5-Dec-30 30-Jun-31 108.2%225,000 $589 $132,571,189 31-Dec-30 1-Jan-31 5-Dec-31 30-Jun-32 112.6%450,000 $613 $275,854,130 31-Dec-31 1-Jan-32 5-Dec-32 30-Jun-33 112.6%675,000 $613 $413,781,195 31-Dec-32 1-Jan-33 5-Dec-33 30-Jun-34 117.2%675,000 $638 $430,497,956 31-Dec-33 1-Jan-34 5-Dec-34 30-Jun-35 117.2%675,000 $638 $430,497,956 31-Dec-34 1-Jan-35 5-Dec-35 30-Jun-36 121.9%675,000 $664 $447,890,073 31-Dec-35 1-Jan-36 5-Dec-36 30-Jun-37 121.9%675,000 $664 $447,890,073 31-Dec-36 1-Jan-37 5-Dec-37 30-Jun-38 126.8%675,000 $690 $465,984,832 31-Dec-37 1-Jan-38 5-Dec-38 30-Jun-39 126.8%675,000 $690 $465,984,832 31-Dec-38 1-Jan-39 5-Dec-39 30-Jun-40 131.9%675,000 $718 $484,810,619 31-Dec-39 1-Jan-40 5-Dec-40 30-Jun-41 131.9%675,000 $718 $484,810,619 31-Dec-40 1-Jan-41 5-Dec-41 30-Jun-42 137.3%675,000 $747 $504,396,968 31-Dec-41 1-Jan-42 5-Dec-42 30-Jun-43 137.3%675,000 $747 $504,396,968 31-Dec-42 1-Jan-43 5-Dec-43 30-Jun-44 142.8%675,000 $777 $524,774,606 31-Dec-43 1-Jan-44 5-Dec-44 30-Jun-45 142.8%675,000 $777 $524,774,606 31-Dec-44 1-Jan-45 5-Dec-45 30-Jun-46 148.6%675,000 $809 $545,975,500 31-Dec-45 1-Jan-46 5-Dec-46 30-Jun-47 148.6%675,000 $809 $545,975,500 31-Dec-46 1-Jan-47 5-Dec-47 30-Jun-48 154.6%675,000 $842 $568,032,910 31-Dec-47 1-Jan-48 5-Dec-48 30-Jun-49 154.6%675,000 $842 $568,032,910 31-Dec-48 1-Jan-49 5-Dec-49 30-Jun-50 160.8%675,000 $876 $590,981,440 31-Dec-49 1-Jan-50 5-Dec-50 30-Jun-51 160.8%675,000 $876 $590,981,440 31-Dec-50 1-Jan-51 5-Dec-51 30-Jun-52 167.3%675,000 $911 $614,857,090 31-Dec-51 1-Jan-52 5-Dec-52 30-Jun-53 167.3%675,000 $911 $614,857,090 31-Dec-52 1-Jan-53 5-Dec-53 30-Jun-54 174.1%675,000 $948 $639,697,316 31-Dec-53 1-Jan-54 5-Dec-54 30-Jun-55 174.1%675,000 $948 $639,697,316 MuniCap, Inc.21-Apr-26 1Real property is assessed for taxation as of January 1. Source: Frederick County Commissioner of Revenue. 4See Schedule II. 5See Appendix D-1. Data Center 3Assumes an annual appreciation of 2%. Property in Frederick County is reassessed every two years; as a result, the appreciation factor is set to adjust in years of the revaluation. The next reassessment values will become effective as of January 1, 2027. Source: Frederick County Commissioner of the Revenue. 2Property assessed as of January 1, 2025 will pay its final property tax payment of the year on December 5, 2025, which corresponds with fiscal year ending June 30, 2026. Page 3 156 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Schedule III-B: Projected Real Property Tax Revenues - Projected Tax Revenues Total County Projected Development Assessed Final Tax Fiscal Year Assessed Tax Rate Real Property Year Ending As Of1 Due Date2 Ending2 Value3 Per $100 A.V4 Tax Revenues 31-Dec-24 1-Jan-25 5-Dec-25 30-Jun-26 $0 $0.48 $0 31-Dec-25 1-Jan-26 5-Dec-26 30-Jun-27 $0 $0.48 $0 31-Dec-26 1-Jan-27 5-Dec-27 30-Jun-28 $0 $0.48 $0 31-Dec-27 1-Jan-28 5-Dec-28 30-Jun-29 $0 $0.48 $0 31-Dec-28 1-Jan-29 5-Dec-29 30-Jun-30 $0 $0.48 $0 31-Dec-29 1-Jan-30 5-Dec-30 30-Jun-31 $132,571,189 $0.48 $636,342 31-Dec-30 1-Jan-31 5-Dec-31 30-Jun-32 $275,854,130 $0.48 $1,324,100 31-Dec-31 1-Jan-32 5-Dec-32 30-Jun-33 $413,781,195 $0.48 $1,986,150 31-Dec-32 1-Jan-33 5-Dec-33 30-Jun-34 $430,497,956 $0.48 $2,066,390 31-Dec-33 1-Jan-34 5-Dec-34 30-Jun-35 $430,497,956 $0.48 $2,066,390 31-Dec-34 1-Jan-35 5-Dec-35 30-Jun-36 $447,890,073 $0.48 $2,149,872 31-Dec-35 1-Jan-36 5-Dec-36 30-Jun-37 $447,890,073 $0.48 $2,149,872 31-Dec-36 1-Jan-37 5-Dec-37 30-Jun-38 $465,984,832 $0.48 $2,236,727 31-Dec-37 1-Jan-38 5-Dec-38 30-Jun-39 $465,984,832 $0.48 $2,236,727 31-Dec-38 1-Jan-39 5-Dec-39 30-Jun-40 $484,810,619 $0.48 $2,327,091 31-Dec-39 1-Jan-40 5-Dec-40 30-Jun-41 $484,810,619 $0.48 $2,327,091 31-Dec-40 1-Jan-41 5-Dec-41 30-Jun-42 $504,396,968 $0.48 $2,421,105 31-Dec-41 1-Jan-42 5-Dec-42 30-Jun-43 $504,396,968 $0.48 $2,421,105 31-Dec-42 1-Jan-43 5-Dec-43 30-Jun-44 $524,774,606 $0.48 $2,518,918 31-Dec-43 1-Jan-44 5-Dec-44 30-Jun-45 $524,774,606 $0.48 $2,518,918 31-Dec-44 1-Jan-45 5-Dec-45 30-Jun-46 $545,975,500 $0.48 $2,620,682 31-Dec-45 1-Jan-46 5-Dec-46 30-Jun-47 $545,975,500 $0.48 $2,620,682 31-Dec-46 1-Jan-47 5-Dec-47 30-Jun-48 $568,032,910 $0.48 $2,726,558 31-Dec-47 1-Jan-48 5-Dec-48 30-Jun-49 $568,032,910 $0.48 $2,726,558 31-Dec-48 1-Jan-49 5-Dec-49 30-Jun-50 $590,981,440 $0.48 $2,836,711 31-Dec-49 1-Jan-50 5-Dec-50 30-Jun-51 $590,981,440 $0.48 $2,836,711 31-Dec-50 1-Jan-51 5-Dec-51 30-Jun-52 $614,857,090 $0.48 $2,951,314 31-Dec-51 1-Jan-52 5-Dec-52 30-Jun-53 $614,857,090 $0.48 $2,951,314 31-Dec-52 1-Jan-53 5-Dec-53 30-Jun-54 $639,697,316 $0.48 $3,070,547 31-Dec-53 1-Jan-54 5-Dec-54 30-Jun-55 $639,697,316 $0.48 $3,070,547 Total $59,798,425 MuniCap, Inc.21-Apr-26 3See Appendix III-A. 4Represents the fiscal year 2026 rate. Source: Frederick County, Virginia FY 2025-26 Adopted Budget. 2Property assessed as of January 1, 2025 will pay its final property tax payment of the year on December 5, 2025, which corresponds with fiscal year ending June 30, 2026. 1Real property is assessed for taxation as of January 1. Source: Frederick County Commissioner of Revenue. Page 4 157 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Schedule IV: Projected Business Personal Property Tax Revenues Development Final Fiscal Depreciated Business Personal Total Projected Year Assessed Tax Year Appreciation Data Center4 Depreciation Assessed Property Tax Rate Business Personal Property Ending As Of1 Due Date2 Ending2 Factor3 GSF Cumulative Per GSF5 Total Basis %6 Value (Per $100 A.V.)7 Tax Revenues 31-Dec-24 1-Jan-25 5-Dec-25 30-Jun-26 100.0%0 0 $1,570 $0 0%$0 $4.86 $0 31-Dec-25 1-Jan-26 5-Dec-26 30-Jun-27 100.0%0 0 $1,570 $0 0%$0 $4.86 $0 31-Dec-26 1-Jan-27 5-Dec-27 30-Jun-28 102.0%0 0 $1,601 $0 0%$0 $4.86 $0 31-Dec-27 1-Jan-28 5-Dec-28 30-Jun-29 104.0%0 0 $1,633 $0 0%$0 $4.86 $0 31-Dec-28 1-Jan-29 5-Dec-29 30-Jun-30 106.1%0 0 $1,666 $0 0%$0 $4.86 $0 31-Dec-29 1-Jan-30 5-Dec-30 30-Jun-31 108.2%225,000 225,000 $1,699 $382,341,516 50%$191,170,758 $4.86 $9,290,899 31-Dec-30 1-Jan-31 5-Dec-31 30-Jun-32 110.4%225,000 450,000 $1,733 $779,976,692 43%$331,490,094 $4.86 $16,110,419 31-Dec-31 1-Jan-32 5-Dec-32 30-Jun-33 112.6%225,000 675,000 $1,768 $1,193,364,339 35%$417,677,519 $4.86 $20,299,127 31-Dec-32 1-Jan-33 5-Dec-33 30-Jun-34 114.9%0 675,000 $1,803 $1,217,231,626 22%$263,733,519 $4.86 $12,817,449 31-Dec-33 1-Jan-34 5-Dec-34 30-Jun-35 117.2%0 675,000 $1,839 $1,241,576,258 12%$144,850,563 $4.86 $7,039,737 31-Dec-34 1-Jan-35 5-Dec-35 30-Jun-36 119.5%0 675,000 $1,876 $1,266,407,784 13%$164,633,012 $4.86 $8,001,164 31-Dec-35 1-Jan-36 5-Dec-36 30-Jun-37 121.9%0 675,000 $1,914 $1,291,735,939 18%$228,206,683 $4.86 $11,090,845 31-Dec-36 1-Jan-37 5-Dec-37 30-Jun-38 124.3%0 675,000 $1,952 $1,317,570,658 24%$316,216,958 $4.86 $15,368,144 31-Dec-37 1-Jan-38 5-Dec-38 30-Jun-39 126.8%0 675,000 $1,991 $1,343,922,071 24%$322,541,297 $4.86 $15,675,507 31-Dec-38 1-Jan-39 5-Dec-39 30-Jun-40 129.4%0 675,000 $2,031 $1,370,800,513 24%$328,992,123 $4.86 $15,989,017 31-Dec-39 1-Jan-40 5-Dec-40 30-Jun-41 131.9%0 675,000 $2,071 $1,398,216,523 24%$335,571,965 $4.86 $16,308,798 31-Dec-40 1-Jan-41 5-Dec-41 30-Jun-42 134.6%0 675,000 $2,113 $1,426,180,853 24%$342,283,405 $4.86 $16,634,973 31-Dec-41 1-Jan-42 5-Dec-42 30-Jun-43 137.3%0 675,000 $2,155 $1,454,704,470 24%$349,129,073 $4.86 $16,967,673 31-Dec-42 1-Jan-43 5-Dec-43 30-Jun-44 140.0%0 675,000 $2,198 $1,483,798,560 24%$356,111,654 $4.86 $17,307,026 31-Dec-43 1-Jan-44 5-Dec-44 30-Jun-45 142.8%0 675,000 $2,242 $1,513,474,531 24%$363,233,887 $4.86 $17,653,167 31-Dec-44 1-Jan-45 5-Dec-45 30-Jun-46 145.7%0 675,000 $2,287 $1,543,744,022 24%$370,498,565 $4.86 $18,006,230 31-Dec-45 1-Jan-46 5-Dec-46 30-Jun-47 148.6%0 675,000 $2,333 $1,574,618,902 24%$377,908,536 $4.86 $18,366,355 31-Dec-46 1-Jan-47 5-Dec-47 30-Jun-48 151.6%0 675,000 $2,379 $1,606,111,280 24%$385,466,707 $4.86 $18,733,682 31-Dec-47 1-Jan-48 5-Dec-48 30-Jun-49 154.6%0 675,000 $2,427 $1,638,233,506 24%$393,176,041 $4.86 $19,108,356 31-Dec-48 1-Jan-49 5-Dec-49 30-Jun-50 157.7%0 675,000 $2,476 $1,670,998,176 24%$401,039,562 $4.86 $19,490,523 31-Dec-49 1-Jan-50 5-Dec-50 30-Jun-51 160.8%0 675,000 $2,525 $1,704,418,139 24%$409,060,353 $4.86 $19,880,333 31-Dec-50 1-Jan-51 5-Dec-51 30-Jun-52 164.1%0 675,000 $2,576 $1,738,506,502 24%$417,241,560 $4.86 $20,277,940 31-Dec-51 1-Jan-52 5-Dec-52 30-Jun-53 167.3%0 675,000 $2,627 $1,773,276,632 24%$425,586,392 $4.86 $20,683,499 31-Dec-52 1-Jan-53 5-Dec-53 30-Jun-54 170.7%0 675,000 $2,680 $1,808,742,165 24%$434,098,120 $4.86 $21,097,169 31-Dec-53 1-Jan-54 5-Dec-54 30-Jun-55 174.1%0 675,000 $2,733 $1,844,917,008 24%$442,780,082 $4.86 $21,519,112 Total $413,717,144 MuniCap, Inc.21-Apr-26 1Data Center business personal property is assessed as of January 1st. Source: Frederick County Treasurer Form 762D, 2025 - Return of Tangible Personal Property for Data Centers Only. 2Business Personal Property tax payment dates are June 5 and December 5. Source: Frederick County Treasurer. This corresponds with fiscal year ending June 30, 2026. 3Assumes 2% annual appreciation. 4See Schedule II. 5See Appendix D-1. 7Represents the fiscal year 2026 business personal property rate. Source: Frederick County, Virginia FY 2025-26 Adopted Budget. 6Based on Frederick County Treasurer Form 762D, 2025 - Return of Tangible Personal Property for Data Centers Only , business personal property is depreciated and assessed at 50% of the purchase price if purchased as of 2024, and then 35%, 20%, 10%, and 5% for each preceding year, for a total average depreciation of 24%. This analysis assumes this average depreciation rate in future years to account for replacement and ongoing depreciation. Assessed Value Before Depreciation Page 5 158 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Schedule V-A: Projected Utility Tax Revenues - Annual Table 1: Annual Electric Utility Tax Revenue - Consumption Average Annual Total Annual Total Monthly Electric Consumption Electric Electric Property Use SF1 Per SF2 Consumption Consumption (kWh)(kWh)(kWh) Data Center 675,000 92.90 62,709,525 5,225,794 Total 675,000 62,709,525 5,225,794 Table 2: Annual Electric Utility Tax Revenue - Tax Rates3 Monthly Flat Rate Monthly Rate -Monthly Rate - Property Use Fee Per Consumer First 700 kWh Remaining kWh Data Center $0.30 $0.0024 $0.0015928 Total Table 3: Total Electric Utility Tax Revenues Monthly Monthly Monthly Annual Tax Revenue -Tax Revenue -Tax Revenue -Tax Revenue - Property Use First 700 kWh Remaining kWh Total Total4 Data Center $1.68 $8,322.53 $8,324.21 $99,890.51 Total $1.68 $8,322.53 $8,324.21 $99,890.51 MuniCap, Inc.irginia Projects/Winchester Gateway/EIA Projections/[Winchester Gateway EIA Projections 04.21.26 - 4.86 tax rate.xlsx]V-A 21-Apr-26 1See Schedule I. 4Figure assumes full buildout and is expressed in current dollars. 2Data centers are estimated to consume roughly 1,000 kWh of electricity per square meter. Source: C&C Technology Group, Understanding Data Center Energy Consumption . This is converted into square feet. 3Nonresidential consumers are subject to a monthly electric utility tax of $0.30 plus a rate of $0.0024 on each of the first 700 kWh delivered monthly and $0.0015928 on the remaining kWh delivered monthly. Source: Frederick County Code of Ordinances, Ch. 155, Article VIII . Page 6 159 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Development Fiscal Total Projected Year Year Inflation Electricity Utility Ending Ending Factor1 Tax Revenues 31-Dec-24 30-Jun-26 100.0%$0 31-Dec-25 30-Jun-27 100.0%$0 31-Dec-26 30-Jun-28 100.0%$0 31-Dec-27 30-Jun-29 100.0%$0 31-Dec-28 30-Jun-30 100.0%$0 31-Dec-29 30-Jun-31 100.0%$33,297 31-Dec-30 30-Jun-32 100.0%$66,594 31-Dec-31 30-Jun-33 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-32 30-Jun-34 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-33 30-Jun-35 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-34 30-Jun-36 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-35 30-Jun-37 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-36 30-Jun-38 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-37 30-Jun-39 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-38 30-Jun-40 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-39 30-Jun-41 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-40 30-Jun-42 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-41 30-Jun-43 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-42 30-Jun-44 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-43 30-Jun-45 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-44 30-Jun-46 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-45 30-Jun-47 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-46 30-Jun-48 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-47 30-Jun-49 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-48 30-Jun-50 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-49 30-Jun-51 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-50 30-Jun-52 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-51 30-Jun-53 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-52 30-Jun-54 100.0%$99,891 31-Dec-53 30-Jun-55 100.0%$99,891 Total $2,397,372 MuniCap, Inc. Gateway/EIA Projections/[Winchester Gateway EIA Projections 04.21.26 - 4.86 tax rate.xlsx]V-B 21-Apr-26 1Assumes an annual inflation rate of 0%. Schedule V-B: Projected Utility Tax Revenues - 30 Years Page 7 160 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Schedule VI-A: Projected Additional Revenues to Frederick County - Annual Current County Basis for Current County Projected Increase in Total Annual Revenues1 Revenues2 Projecting Revenues3 Service Factors4 Service Population Service Factor5 Additional Revenues6 Real property taxes $95,155,000 Schedule III ---- Personal property tax $81,070,816 Schedule IV ---- Local sales and use taxes $24,134,152 service population 117,477 $205.44 79 $16,285 Communications sales tax $1,000,000 not impacted ---- Utility tax - electric $2,700,000 Schedule V ---- Utility tax - gas $1,350,000 not impacted ---- Business, professional, and occupational license tax $11,240,000 not impacted ---- Motor vehicle licenses $2,700,000 not impacted ---- Bank stock taxes $700,000 not impacted ---- Recordation taxes $1,800,000 not impacted ---- Tax on wills $25,000 not impacted ---- Additional tax on deeds of conveyance $595,858 not impacted ---- Meals tax and lodging tax $10,287,383 service population 117,477 $87.57 79 $6,942 Street lights/star fort fees $32,350 not impacted ---- Permits, fees, and licenses7 $2,808,500 not impacted ---- Fines and forfeitures $262,000 not impacted ---- Revenue from use of money & property $4,377,545 not impacted ---- Charges for services $4,418,024 not impacted ---- Miscellaneous $237,800 not impacted ---- Recovered costs $2,106,026 not impacted ---- State revenue $10,522,303 not impacted ---- Shared expenses - state categorical $5,988,830 not impacted ---- Federal revenues $344,002 not impacted ---- Non-revenue $3,955,775 not impacted ---- Total budget $267,811,364 $293.01 $23,227 MuniCap, Inc.21-Apr-26 1Not all sources of revenues are expected to be impacted as a result of the project. Revenues shown represent general fund revenues only. 2Source: Frederick County, Virginia FY 2025-26 Adopted Budget. 4Represents current statistics for the county. See Appendix A. 5Represents projected increase to county as a result of the proposed development. See Appendix A. 6Represents total increase in revenues as a result of the proposed development on an annual basis. Figures assume full buildout and are expressed in current dollars. 7Assumes one-time revenues from permits, fees, and licenses is offset by one-time corresponding expenditures. As a result, the line item is not impacted. Revenues by Factor3 3Method of apportioning revenues:Per service population revenues are calculated by taking current revenues and apportioning them among current service population (i.e.total permanent population and employees who do not reside in the county). Page 8 161 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Schedule VI-B: Projected Additional Revenues to Frederick County - 30 Years Development Fiscal Year Inflation Revenues per Anticipated Total Service Year Ending Ending Factor1 Service Population2 Service Population3 Population Revenues 31-Dec-24 30-Jun-26 100.0%$293.01 0 $0 31-Dec-25 30-Jun-27 100.0%$293.01 0 $0 31-Dec-26 30-Jun-28 102.0%$298.87 0 $0 31-Dec-27 30-Jun-29 104.0%$304.84 0 $0 31-Dec-28 30-Jun-30 106.1%$310.94 0 $0 31-Dec-29 30-Jun-31 108.2%$317.16 26 $8,381 31-Dec-30 30-Jun-32 110.4%$323.50 53 $17,097 31-Dec-31 30-Jun-33 112.6%$329.97 79 $26,158 31-Dec-32 30-Jun-34 114.9%$336.57 79 $26,681 31-Dec-33 30-Jun-35 117.2%$343.30 79 $27,214 31-Dec-34 30-Jun-36 119.5%$350.17 79 $27,759 31-Dec-35 30-Jun-37 121.9%$357.17 79 $28,314 31-Dec-36 30-Jun-38 124.3%$364.32 79 $28,880 31-Dec-37 30-Jun-39 126.8%$371.60 79 $29,458 31-Dec-38 30-Jun-40 129.4%$379.04 79 $30,047 31-Dec-39 30-Jun-41 131.9%$386.62 79 $30,648 31-Dec-40 30-Jun-42 134.6%$394.35 79 $31,261 31-Dec-41 30-Jun-43 137.3%$402.24 79 $31,886 31-Dec-42 30-Jun-44 140.0%$410.28 79 $32,524 31-Dec-43 30-Jun-45 142.8%$418.49 79 $33,174 31-Dec-44 30-Jun-46 145.7%$426.86 79 $33,838 31-Dec-45 30-Jun-47 148.6%$435.39 79 $34,515 31-Dec-46 30-Jun-48 151.6%$444.10 79 $35,205 31-Dec-47 30-Jun-49 154.6%$452.98 79 $35,909 31-Dec-48 30-Jun-50 157.7%$462.04 79 $36,627 31-Dec-49 30-Jun-51 160.8%$471.28 79 $37,360 31-Dec-50 30-Jun-52 164.1%$480.71 79 $38,107 31-Dec-51 30-Jun-53 167.3%$490.32 79 $38,869 31-Dec-52 30-Jun-54 170.7%$500.13 79 $39,646 31-Dec-53 30-Jun-55 174.1%$510.13 79 $40,439 Total $779,995 MuniCap, Inc.21-Apr-26 1Assumes an annual inflation rate of 2%. 2See Schedule VI-A. 3See Appendix C. Page 9 162 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Schedule VII: Total Projected General Fund Revenues to Frederick County Real Property Business Personal Property Utility BPOL Tax Recordation Additional Development Fiscal Year Tax Revenues Tax Revenues Tax Revenues Revenues Tax Revenues Tax Revenues Total Year Ending Ending (Schedule III-B)(Schedule IV)(Schedule V-B)(Schedule V)(Schedule VI-B)(Schedule VI-B)Tax Revenues 31-Dec-24 30-Jun-26 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 31-Dec-25 30-Jun-27 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 31-Dec-26 30-Jun-28 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 31-Dec-27 30-Jun-29 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 31-Dec-28 30-Jun-30 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 31-Dec-29 30-Jun-31 $636,342 $9,290,899 $33,297 $28,015 $176,762 $8,381 $9,968,918 31-Dec-30 30-Jun-32 $1,324,100 $16,110,419 $66,594 $57,150 $183,903 $17,097 $17,518,209 31-Dec-31 30-Jun-33 $1,986,150 $20,299,127 $99,891 $87,440 $183,903 $26,158 $22,411,325 31-Dec-32 30-Jun-34 $2,066,390 $12,817,449 $99,891 $89,189 $0 $26,681 $15,010,411 31-Dec-33 30-Jun-35 $2,066,390 $7,039,737 $99,891 $90,972 $0 $27,214 $9,233,233 31-Dec-34 30-Jun-36 $2,149,872 $8,001,164 $99,891 $92,792 $0 $27,759 $10,278,686 31-Dec-35 30-Jun-37 $2,149,872 $11,090,845 $99,891 $94,648 $0 $28,314 $13,368,922 31-Dec-36 30-Jun-38 $2,236,727 $15,368,144 $99,891 $96,541 $0 $28,880 $17,733,642 31-Dec-37 30-Jun-39 $2,236,727 $15,675,507 $99,891 $98,471 $0 $29,458 $18,041,583 31-Dec-38 30-Jun-40 $2,327,091 $15,989,017 $99,891 $100,441 $0 $30,047 $18,446,046 31-Dec-39 30-Jun-41 $2,327,091 $16,308,798 $99,891 $102,450 $0 $30,648 $18,766,427 31-Dec-40 30-Jun-42 $2,421,105 $16,634,973 $99,891 $104,499 $0 $31,261 $19,187,230 31-Dec-41 30-Jun-43 $2,421,105 $16,967,673 $99,891 $106,589 $0 $31,886 $19,520,555 31-Dec-42 30-Jun-44 $2,518,918 $17,307,026 $99,891 $108,720 $0 $32,524 $19,958,359 31-Dec-43 30-Jun-45 $2,518,918 $17,653,167 $99,891 $110,895 $0 $33,174 $20,305,150 31-Dec-44 30-Jun-46 $2,620,682 $18,006,230 $99,891 $113,113 $0 $33,838 $20,760,641 31-Dec-45 30-Jun-47 $2,620,682 $18,366,355 $99,891 $115,375 $0 $34,515 $21,121,442 31-Dec-46 30-Jun-48 $2,726,558 $18,733,682 $99,891 $117,682 $0 $35,205 $21,595,335 31-Dec-47 30-Jun-49 $2,726,558 $19,108,356 $99,891 $120,036 $0 $35,909 $21,970,713 31-Dec-48 30-Jun-50 $2,836,711 $19,490,523 $99,891 $122,437 $0 $36,627 $22,463,751 31-Dec-49 30-Jun-51 $2,836,711 $19,880,333 $99,891 $124,885 $0 $37,360 $22,854,294 31-Dec-50 30-Jun-52 $2,951,314 $20,277,940 $99,891 $127,383 $0 $38,107 $23,367,251 31-Dec-51 30-Jun-53 $2,951,314 $20,683,499 $99,891 $129,931 $0 $38,869 $23,773,572 31-Dec-52 30-Jun-54 $3,070,547 $21,097,169 $99,891 $132,529 $0 $39,646 $24,307,253 31-Dec-53 30-Jun-55 $3,070,547 $21,519,112 $99,891 $135,180 $0 $40,439 $24,729,989 Total $59,798,425 $413,717,144 $2,397,372 $2,607,361 $544,567 $779,995 $476,692,936 MuniCap, Inc.21-Apr-26 Page 10 163 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Appendices 164 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Appendix A: Frederick County Allocation Factors Frederick County permanent population1 96,359 Frederick County labor force2 30,888 Resident employees2 9,770 Non-resident employees2 21,118 Employee population equivalent 21,118 Total service population (permanent population + employee population equivalent)117,477 Service population rates: Resident3 1.00 Employee3 1.00 Service population: Projected new employees4 116 Projected new employee population equivalent 116 Projected new non-resident employees5 79 Projected new non-resident employee population equivalent 79 MuniCap, Inc.21-Apr-26 2Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies, LEHD (OnTheMap application, 2022 data). 3Employees are expected to generate revenues at the same rate as residents. 1Source: Frederick County, Virginia - Annual Comprehensive Financial Report Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 2024. 4See Appendix B. 5Represents total employees multiplied by the percentage of employees estimated to live outside Frederick County. This percentage is equivalent to non-resident employees divided by Frederick County labor force. A-1 165 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Appendix B: Projected Employees Data Center Development Employees Total Year Ending GSF1 Per 1,000 GSF2 Employees 31-Dec-24 0 0.17 0 31-Dec-25 0 0.17 0 31-Dec-26 0 0.17 0 31-Dec-27 0 0.17 0 31-Dec-28 0 0.17 0 31-Dec-29 225,000 0.17 39 31-Dec-30 450,000 0.17 77 31-Dec-31 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-32 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-33 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-34 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-35 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-36 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-37 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-38 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-39 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-40 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-41 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-42 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-43 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-44 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-45 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-46 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-47 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-48 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-49 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-50 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-51 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-52 675,000 0.17 116 31-Dec-53 675,000 0.17 116 MuniCap, Inc.21-Apr-26 1See Schedule II. 2See Appendix E-1. B-1 166 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Appendix C: Projected Service Population Development Total Projected Projected Employees Residing Outside County Total Service Year Ending Employees1 Percentage2 Employees Population Increase 31-Dec-24 0 68.4%0 0 31-Dec-25 0 68.4%0 0 31-Dec-26 0 68.4%0 0 31-Dec-27 0 68.4%0 0 31-Dec-28 0 68.4%0 0 31-Dec-29 39 68.4%26 26 31-Dec-30 77 68.4%53 53 31-Dec-31 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-32 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-33 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-34 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-35 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-36 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-37 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-38 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-39 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-40 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-41 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-42 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-43 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-44 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-45 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-46 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-47 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-48 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-49 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-50 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-51 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-52 116 68.4%79 79 31-Dec-53 116 68.4%79 79 MuniCap, Inc.21-Apr-26 1See Appendix B. 2Represents the percentage of employees projected to reside outside of the county, as employees who are also county residents do not represent an additional impact to county service population. See Appendix A. C-1 167 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Appendix D-1: Valuation - Comparison of Valuation Methods1 Table 1: Real Property Comparable Development Properties2 Developer Marshall & Swift3 Data center Per GSF $544 $1,200 $685 Table 2: Business Personal Property4 Business Development Personal Property Data center Per GSF $1,570 Average assessment ratio5 24% Personal business property assessed value per GSF $377 MuniCap, Inc.21-Apr-26 1Valuation approach chosen for the proposed development is underlined and shown in bold and italics. 2See Appendix D-2. 3See Appendix D-3. 4See Appendix D-4. 5See Schedule IV. Cost Approach D-1 168 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Appendix D-2: Valuation - Projected Assessed Value of Comparable Properties Land Property Name Parcel ID1 Address County Neighborhood Code2 Year Built3 SF Per sf Land Building Total Per SF Middletown Data Center 90 A 58C 8209 Valley Pike Frederick -1971 / 2009 69,021 $7.14 $492,900 $37,964,600 $38,457,500 $557 Ashburn Data Center Campus - Building 1 041108666000 21195 Atlantic Blvd Loudoun 462NE-Net lease 2022 258,716 $70.00 $18,110,100 $54,917,670 $73,027,770 $282 Amazon AWS IAD 043482656000 21641 Charles View Drive Loudoun 462NE-Net lease 2020 685,682 $70.00 $47,997,700 $145,549,770 $193,547,470 $282 Digital Realty Trust IAD55 Data Center 045299249000 22574 Pacific Blvd Loudoun 462NE-Net lease 2023 258,252 $70.00 $18,077,600 $54,819,200 $72,896,800 $282 Amazon AWS IAD - 22900 Platform 034385918000 22900 Platform Plz Loudoun 462NE-Net lease 2021, 2022, 2023 976,046 $141.71 $138,311,700 $157,604,100 $295,915,800 $303 Ashburn-Shellhorn Data Centers DS2 062159785000 44351 Import Plz Loudoun 462NE-Net lease 2021, 2023 531,592 $73.26 $38,945,700 $133,660,800 $172,606,500 $325 9905 Godwin - IAD53 35463 9905 Godwin Dr Manassas City -2024 187,752 $168.64 $31,662,000 $70,370,000 $102,032,000 $543 GCDC Campus Building 1 7497-46-2858 13780 University Blvd Prince William -2024 482,223 $104.97 $50,617,100 $807,433,900 $858,051,000 $1,779 Average $88.21 $544 MuniCap, Inc.21-Apr-26 1Parcel ID and other information provided by property search pages for the respective jurisdictions as of October and November 2025 except where noted. 3Multiple years refer to multiple buildings on parcel or renovation. Assessed Value 2Net lease is assumed to represent identical ownership structure to the Development (powered shell building with single tenant that provides its own computing equipment and fixtures.) Other data centers in list are assumed to be of same type because of tenant and occupant information provided by the relevant jurisdiction or CoStar real estate database. D-2 169 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Appendix D-3: Valuation - Projected Assessed Value- Construction Cost1 Occupancy Class Height Stories Rank Data Center Fireproof Structural Steel Frame 32'2 5 Structure cost Base cost per square foot $501.51 Exterior walls per square foot $56.58 Heating & cooling per square foot $38.98 Estimated improved value per gross square foot based on cost $597.07 Land value Estimated land value per gross square foot2 $88.21 Total estimated assessed value per gross square foot $685.28 MuniCap, Inc.21-Apr-26 1All cost estimates by MuniCap, Inc., using Marshall & Swift "Commercial Estimator 7" software. 2Based on assessed land values for comparable properties as researched by MuniCap. D-3 170 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Appendix D-4: Valuation - Projected Assessed Value of Business Personal Property Business personal property value Loudoun Center data center business personal property tax revenues1 $560,853,000 Business personal property tax rate per $100 AV1 $4.15 Data center business personal property assessed value $13,514,530,120 Average depreciation2 30.0% Business personal property assessed value with average depreciation $45,048,433,735 Square feet of data centers3 37,175,638 Average business personal property value per square foot of data centers $1,211.77 Loudoun Prince William County County4 Average5 Average business personal property value per square foot of data center $1,212 $1,928 $1,570 MuniCap, Inc.21-Apr-26 1Source: Loudoun County Fiscal Year 2024 Budget. 3Source: Loudoun County 2024 Fiscal Impact Committee Guidelines. 4Represents average book value of data center equipment in county as of 2024. Source: Prince William County, 2024 Data Center Industry Tax Revenue Report. 5Average is used for a reasonable conservative estimate. Table 1: Business Personal Property Value Per Square Foot - Loudoun County Table 2: Business Personal Property Value Per Square Foot - Average 2Loudoun County data center computer equipment is depreciated to 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, and 10% over five years. Source: Loudoun County Commissioner of the Revenue. D-4 171 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Appendix E-1: Jobs and Indirect/Induced Impacts - Data Center Total Data center square feet1 675,000 Average square feet per data center worker2 5,600 Total direct data center jobs3 120.54 Full-time equivalent ("FTE") factor4 0.9619 Total FTE jobs 116 Total FTE jobs per 1,000 square feet 0.17 Multiplier for data center jobs3 1.4133 Total jobs 170 Indirect and induced jobs 50 Total direct labor income5 $9,975,747 Labor income to wage factor5 1.1260 Sub-total employee wages $8,859,113 Average data center income per FTE -- annual $86,037 Average data center wage per FTE -- annual $76,407 Multiplier for data center income3 1.2515 Total labor income $12,484,376 Indirect and induced income $2,508,629 Multiplier for data center output3 1.3743 Total economic output $29,640,403 Direct output $21,567,773 Indirect and induced output $8,072,630 MuniCap, Inc.21-Apr-26 5Total labor income includes wages and salary, benefits, payroll taxes, and proprietor's income. The employee compensation-to-wage factor, provided by IMPLAN Group, LLC converts total labor income into direct wages and salary. 1See Schedule I. 2Source: Loudoun County Virginia, 2024 Fiscal Impact Committee Guidelines. 3Data Center income, jobs, and output are calculated using IMPLAN software by IMPLAN Group, LLC. The software calculates labor income and the number of jobs based on industry multipliers derived from National Income and Product Accounts data published by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. This data is then indexed to local industry data compiled by the U.S. Census Bureau. For ease of interpretation, multipliers are shown to illustrate the effects of the Development in Frederick County. The multiplier for data center jobs is 1.4133, meaning that for each job at the Development, 1.4133 jobs will be created in Frederick County, including the one job at the Development. Similarly, the multiplier for data center income is 1.2515, meaning that for every $1.00 paid in income to employees at the Development, $1.2515 will be paid in Frederick County, including the $1.00 at the Development. The multiplier for data center output is 1.3743, meaning that for each dollar of data center economic activity at the Development, the economic output in Frederick County will be $1.3743, including the $1.00 at the Development. 4Total jobs include all full-year employees, including part-time and full-time employees. The full-time equivalent factor, provided by IMPLAN Group, LLC converts total jobs into total FTE. E-1 172 Winchester Gateway - Phase I Frederick County, Virginia Appendix E-2: Jobs and Indirect/Induced Impacts - Temporary Construction Total Commercial construction cost1 $810,000,000 Total direct construction jobs2 3,474 Construction full-time equivalent ("FTE") factor3 0.9713 Total construction FTE jobs 3,374 Multiplier for construction jobs2 1.3358 Total jobs 4,640 Indirect and induced jobs 1,167 Total direct labor income4 $331,458,100 Labor income to wage factor4 1.1722 Sub-total employee wages $282,758,537 Average construction income per FTE -- annual $98,232 Average construction wage per FTE -- annual $83,799 Multiplier for construction income2 1.2297 Total income $407,594,328 Indirect and induced income $76,136,228 Multiplier for construction output2 1.3417 Total economic output $1,086,785,539 Direct output $810,000,000 Indirect and induced output $276,785,539 MuniCap, Inc.21-Apr-26 1Provided by Developer. 2Construction income,jobs,and output were calculated using IMPLAN software by IMPLAN Group,LLC.Multipliers are estimated and applied in the same manner as Appendix E-1. 3Total jobs include all full-year employees, including part-time and full-time employees. This factor, provided by IMPLAN Group LLC, converts total jobs into total FTE. 4Total labor income includes wages and salary, benefits, payroll taxes, and proprietor's income. The employee compensation-to-wage factor, provided by IMPLAN Group LLC, converts total labor income into direct wages and salary. E-2 173 4114 Legato Road / Suite 650 / Fairfax, VA 22033 / T 703.787.9595 goroveslade.com TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM To: Thomas Moore Lawson, Esq. Thomas Moore Lawson, PC From: Shashwat Anant, EIT Kevin Sitzman, PE Gorove Slade Date: December 1, 2025 Subject: Winchester Gateway - Trip Generation Comparison Memo Introduction This memo presents a trip generation comparison with respect to the Winchester Gateway development, situated south of Apple Valley Road (Rte. 651/652), west of Shady Elm Road (Rte. 651), and east of VA 37 in Frederick County, Virginia. This assessment was conducted to evaluate possible changes in the proposed development program from what w as previously analyzed for the site in an approved traffic impact study (TIS), titled Traffic Impact Study – Winchester Gateway dated July 14, 2023 for the development. As presented in this memorandum, the proposed change in development program constitutes a significant reduction in the anticipated trips generated by the site , thereby substantially reducing the previously anticipated impact. Modification of Development Program The Winchester Gateway development is situated on one parcel that can be identified on Frederick County Tax Maps with the following Tax PIN #: 63 A 80I. The property area is approximately 71.85 acres and is currently zoned as M1 (Light Industrial District). In the approved TIS, the development program assumed approximately 805,000 square feet of industrial park use. The Applicant is seeking a Conditional Use Permit (CUP) for approximately 805,000 square feet of two-story Data Center use, which generates substantially fewer vehicle trips during peak hours and across a typical weekday . Trip Generation Comparison In order to calculate the trips generated by the existing and proposed development, the Institute of Transportation Engineers ’ (ITE) Trip Generation Manual, 11th edition, the publication was utilized to determine the total number of trips going into and out of the subject study site during the weekday morning (AM) and weekday afternoon (PM) peak hours as well as the typical number of weekday daily trips associated with the development. Table 1: Site Trip Generation: Existing Development (ITE 11: Peak Hour of the Adjacent Street) As shown in Table 1, the approved development program included in the traffic impact study would generate approximately 270 AM peak hour trips, 274 PM peak hour trips and 2,777 trips on a typical weekday. In Out Total In Out Total Total Industrial Park 130 805.0 kSF of GFA 222 52 274 60 214 274 2,777 Approved Development Trips (Traffic Impact Study – Winchester Gateway dated July 14, 2023) AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour DailyLand Use ITE Code Size ------ W e e k d a y ------ 174 Winchester Gateway - Trip Generation Comparison Memo December 1, 2025 Page 2 4114 Legato Road / Suite 650 / Fairfax, VA 22033 / T 703.787.9595 goroveslade.com Table 2: Site Trip Generation: Proposed Development As shown in Table 2, the proposed development use would generate approximately 72 AM peak hour trips, 24 PM peak hour trips and 604 trips on a typical weekday. Table 3: Comparison of Existing and Proposed Development As shown in Table 3, based on the Trip Generation Manual, the proposed development is anticipated to generate approximately 202 fewer AM peak-hour trips (a reduction of about 74%), 250 fewer PM peak-hour trips (a reduction of about 91%), and 2,173 fewer weekday daily trips (a reduction of about 78%) compared to the previously approved development scenario . Traffic Impacts The previously approved TIS that evaluated an 805,000 square -foot industrial park determined that no roadway improvements were needed to mitigate traffic impacts. The rezoning nevertheless included proffered roadway widening along the site frontag e and related improvements along Apple Valley Road. With the Conditional Use Permit, all proffers would remain in effect. Because the change in use represents a substantial decrease in traffic activity, the overall transportation impact is significantly lower than what was already approved. In combination with the proffered widening, the proposed CUP development will add more road capacity than traffic, resulting in a net improvement to the adjacent roadway network. Conclusion Given the significant trip reduction and the fact that frontage improvements were proffered with the approved rezoning of the property, despite not being required to mitigate site traffic impacts, the the proposed data center use will have even less impact to the roadway network and no additional roadway improvements would be required to support the revised development program. In Out Total In Out Total Total Data Center (AWS Study)*805.0 kSF 40 32 72 7 17 24 604 Notes: *Trip generation rates extracted from Data Center Trip Generation Assessment, prepared by Bowman and dated March 15, 2023. Proposed Development Trips AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour DailyLand Use Size ------ W e e k d a y ------ In Out Total In Out Total Total Difference (Total Proposed Dev Trips - Total Approved Trips)-182 -20 -202 -53 -197 -250 -2,173 % Reduction -74%-91%-78% AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour DailyLand Use ITE Code Size ------ W e e k d a y ------ 175 COUNTY of FREDERICK Department of Planning and Development 540/ 665-5651 Fax: 540/ 665-6395 107 North Kent Street, Suite 202 • Winchester, Virginia 22601-5000 April 20, 2026 Thomas Moore Lawson, Esquire Winchester Gateway LLC P.O. Box 2460 Winchester, VA 22604 RE: Request for Historic Resources Advisory Board (HRAB) Comments Winchester Gateway Conditional Use Permit (CUP) Application Zoning: M1 (Light Industrial) District Property Identification Number (PIN): 63-A-80I Magisterial District: Back Creek Dear Mr. Lawson: The Frederick County Historic Resources Advisory Board (HRAB) considered the above referenced CUP application during their meeting on April 17, 2026. This application seeks to construct and operate a data center on +/- 71.85-acres of property zoned M1 (Light Industrial). The property is located south and west of the intersection of Apple Valley Road (Route 652) and Middle Road (Route 628) in the Back Creek Magisterial District. Following their review of this application, the HRAB recommended denial due to impacts on the historic resources identified as “core battlefield” and listed as Second Kernstown (VA116) Core Area, the First Kernstown (VA101) Study Area, and the Second Winchester (VA107) Study Area. In addition to the recommendation of denial, the HRAB further recommended the following conditions: • to reduce visual impacts either or combined with: grading and building height not to exceed 45 feet inclusive of rooftop mounted equipment; as well as building design to include neutral earthtone colors and architectural features and materials in accordance with National Park Service standards; • Conduct a Phase II archaeological survey on the recommended locations identified in the Phase I survey; and no ground disturbing, including utilities development, in the areas identified in the study as 44FK-1076 and 44FK-1077. Thank you for the opportunity to provide a summary of the April 17th HRAB meeting and committee recommendation of denial with conditions. Please contact our office if you have any questions or concerns. Sincerely, Eric Bittner 176 Page 2 Planner II cc: Lucas Cooke, HRAB Chairman M. Tyler Klein, AICP, Senior Planner Chris Mohn, AICP, Greenway Engineering 177 315 Tasker Road PH (540) 868-1061 Eric R. Lawrence Stephens City, Virginia 22655 Fax (540) 868-1429 Executive Director www.FrederickWater.com Water At Your Service February 19, 2026 Winchester Gateway LLC c/o Thomas Moore Lawson PO Box 2740 Winchester, VA 22604 RE: Conditional Use Permit (CUP) Application Comment Winchester Gateway LLC Tax Map Numbers: 63-A-80I 71.85 acres Dear Mr. Lawson: Thank you for the opportunity to offer review comments on the Winchester Gateway LLC Data Center Conditional Use Permit application package, revised Site Assessment dated February 13, 2026. The revised Site Assessment was received for review at Frederick Water on February 17, 2026. Frederick Water offers comments limited to the anticipated impact/effect upon Frederick Water’s public water and sanitary sewer system and the demands thereon. The application’s Site Assessment statement, dated February 13, 2026, Power and Utilities section, page 5 states: “With respect to water usage, the facility will utilize a closed-loop or air-cooled mechanical system. This technology will enable the facility to limit its water usage to a maximum of 35,000 gallons per day (GPD), thereby minimizing the impact on public water resources compared to traditional water-cooled facilities. That said, daily water usage will fluctuate in response to time-of-year conditions, resulting in water usage that occasionally exceeds the GDP projections, but when averaged based on annual usage, will fall within the 35,000 GDP threshold.” 178 Page 2 Winchester Gateway LLC Data Center CUP application Thomas Moore Lawson February 19, 2026 Presumably, the last sentence’s use of “GDP” was in error, and that it should read “GPD”. Otherwise, please define GDP as intended in the narrative. The use of a closed-loop mechanical system will result in limited water consumption and sewer generation; this is a significant benefit for the proposed data center use and for Frederick Water service delivery. Closed-loop mechanical systems do not have seasonal changes in water consumption and would result in consistent daily water consumption and sewer generation year-round. Frederick Water is prepared to serve the data center’s maximum 35,000 GPD demand for water and sewer and a closed-loop mechanical system. The use of an air-cooled mechanical system could result in seasonal changes in water consumption, potentially significant water consumption during the heat of the summer months and limited water consumption during the cooler winter months. The application’s Site Assessment does acknowledge that “daily water usage will fluctuate in response to time-of-year conditions, resulting in water usage that occasionally exceeds the GDP projections, but when averaged based on annual usage, will fall within the 35,000 GDP threshold”. This seasonal swing in water demands could generate summer demands that exceed Frederick Water’s available capabilities for water and sewer treatment and delivery to and from the site. Averaging water demands over a year – as provided in the Site Assessment - is insufficient information to determine if daily water services are available to meet the proposed data center demands. The application should clarify the expected peak daily demands for water and sewer services to determine if water and sewer services would be available to meet the seasonal high daily demands. Compounding the evaluation of providing seasonal high (summer) and low (winter) demands for water service, the seasonal highs could necessitate Frederick Water investment to expand raw water resources and treatment capabilities that would only be used during times of high demand. The expanded peak season services would sit idle most of the year to ensure available service provisions to meet the site’s peak summer demand. This significant seasonal swing in water and sewer demands causes Frederick Water to make a significant investment that will not be used nor generate revenues most of the year nor fund the investment. Creative design solutions could be utilized by the applicant to accommodate site consumption of water flows greater than the maximum of 35,000 GPD that Frederick Water is prepared to deliver to the site. The applicant could construct on-site storage tank(s) that could be used if consumption of water is greater than 35,000 GPD. For example, a 1 MG (million gallon) storage tank would enable the site to draw down water at a greater velocity than 35,000 GPD. The tank could continue to refill at 35,000 GPD but the site could consume 100,000 GPD every few days. The ultimate tank size would need to consider the refill rate and the daily demands. 179 Page 3 Winchester Gateway LLC Data Center CUP application Thomas Moore Lawson February 19, 2026 As previously shared during the rezoning for this property but worth restating: Frederick Water has multiple significantly sized water mains and sewer force mains on the property and paralleling Apple Valley Road. Each main is supplemented with numerous gate valves, air release valves, and blow-off hydrants that must be avoided and protected during site development. It is important to note that the hydrants on the 20-inch water main are under extremely high pressure and are to be only operated by Frederick Water staff. This infrastructure is captured in easements which total over 60 feet in width. There is also a parallel 20-foot gas utility easement closer to Apple Valley Road. Extra caution and Frederick Water approval must be exercised before design and excavation occurs within 100 feet of Apple Valley Road. In recognition of the extensive easements parallel to Apple Valley Road, we appreciate and support the application’s 200-foot green space buffer, and the prohibition of placing earthen berms and landscape plantings atop these utility easements. Frederick Water is prepared to meet the site’s maximum of 35,000 GPD demand for water and sewer. Frederick Water recommends that the Board of Supervisors include a condition on the Conditional Use Permit that limits water and sewer services for the site to a maximum of 35,000 GPD (gallons per day). This maximum flow per day could be managed through pipe and meter sizing. Please keep in mind that water supplies and sanitary sewer conveyance capacities change daily; with each new customer connection bring additional demand and generated flow. This letter does not guarantee system capacities to accommodate your development proposal. Thank you for the opportunity to offer review comments. Sincerely, Eric R. Lawrence Executive Director Cc: Winchester Gateway LLC, Property Owner Tyler Klein, Frederick County Planning Department via e-mail 180 Project Name:________________________________________________ Acreage (Disturbed Area Acreage): _______________________________ PIN(s): __________________ Address (or general location): Existing Zoning: ___________________________________________________ Proposed Conditional Use:___________________________________________ Staff Name (Email Address): _________________________________________ Agency Name Completing Comments (select one): ____ Frederick Water ____ Virginia Department of Transportation ____ Winchester Regional Airport ____ Virginia Department of Health ____ Historic Resources Advisory Board ____ Frederick County (FC) Public Schools ____ FC Public Works ____ FC Inspections ____ FC Fire Marshal ____ FC Parks & Recreation ____ FC County Attorney ____ Other (Specify): ________________________ Reviewer Name (Email Address): _____________________________________________________ Review Agency Comments: *Comments that may not fit in the box should be attached to the cover sheet on agency or department letterhead. Resubmission to address comments requested? Y _____ or N _____ REQUEST FOR CONDITIONAL USE PERMIT (CUP) COMMENTS 181 fmo@fcva.us Fax: 540-678-4739Phone: 540-665-6350 Winchester, VA 22602 1080 Coverstone Drive Frederick County Fire and Rescue Department Office of the Fire Marshal Other: Thomas Moore Winchester Gateway, LLC Winchester, Virginia 22602 000 Apple Valley/Middle Road Owner Printed Date: 01/27/2026 Plan Review Conditional Use Status: Approved with Conditions General Information 01/14/2026Received Date: 01/27/2026 01/27/2026 Review Begin Date: Review End Date: 0.5000Hours: Property Use: Occupancy Type: ApplicationReview Cause: Activity Number:I0110219 Activity Details Data CenterProject Name Comments: Any and all future development shall comply with applicable sections of the Frederick County Fire Prevention Code. Justin Laidler Assistant Fire Marshal Page 1 of 1 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 Frederick Home Frederick County Virginia LIFE AT THE TOP Pay/Lookup Taxes Online Tax Receipt Payment Type Electronic Check Amount Paid $486.81 Convenience Fee $0.00 Transaction Total $486.81 Payment Date 05/11/2026 Transaction #97024 You may print this page using your browser's print key. Thank you for paying online. Dept#Ticket#Name Bill Date Amount Due Amount Paid Principal Balance RE2026 476160001 WINCHESTER GATEWAY LLC 4/15/2026 $486.81 $486.81 $0.00 Back to Pay Taxes Payment Home Personal Property Real Estate Dog Tags Pay Parking Violation Pay FOIA Charges Other Payments ShoppingCart(0)Pin Options 5/11/26, 11:46 AM Untitled Page https://fctaxes.co.frederick.va.us/Applications/TR_PayTaxes/Receipt.aspx 1/1193 PHASE I ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE APPLE VALLEY ROAD TRACT, WINCHESTER, FREDERICK COUNTY, VIRGINIA FINAL REPORT Prepared For: Winchester Gateway, LLC 15 South King St. Leesburg, VA 20175 Prepared By: P.O. Box 4265 Silver Spring, Maryland 20914 Jay Lunze, Karl Franz Lyle Torp (Principal Investigator) August 2023 THEOGTTERY ROUP 194 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract i Executive Summary The Ottery Group Executive Summary This report presents the findings of a Phase I archeological survey of the Apple Valley Road development tract in Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia. Winchester Gateway plans to develop two parcels of undeveloped land totaling 71.85 acres. At the time of survey, no specific land usage has been determined for the development of the parcel. The Phase I archeological survey of the Apple Valley Road Tract was conducted as part of the due diligence prior to the pending development of the property. Depending on the development of the property that occurs, the development will likely come under review of the Historic Resources Advisory Board (HRAB), which advises the Frederick County Planning Commission on potential impacts to known historic and archeological resources, or the Virginia Department of Historic Resources (VDHR), which would be required based upon permits that may be required for development. Archeological fieldwork for the Phase I survey consisted of the excavation of 1,580 shovel test pits across the proposed development tract. Archeological testing was conducted at 15-meter intervals, supplemented with close interval testing around clusters of positive test pits. The testing resulted in 197 positive test pits; 144 positive STPs containing chert debitage and tool fragments associated with pre-contact Native American land use and 53 positive STPs containing historic period artifacts dating from the mid-18th through 20th centuries. A total of five archeological sites were identified on the property during the Phase I survey. These were designated 44FK1076 to 44FK1080. The Apple Valley Road Tract falls within the boundaries of the National Register-eligible Kernstown Battlefield (034-0007) which was expanded to include the project area in 2011. A metal detection survey was conducted across all areas of the APE where vegetation permitted. A total of 7 metal objects were recovered from 11 targets, with 20th and 21st century aluminum beverage cans noted but not collected. No potential military artifacts were found, although local residents described collecting Civil War material from the property in the past. No members of the local community were willing to bring in their finds for photography and cataloging. Site 44FK1076 is a dense cluster of 18th and 19th century domestic artifacts, possibly associated with the David Glass, Sr. homestead. Glass purchased the property in 1749 and appears to have remained in the family for three generations, until approximately 1850. The site is relatively intact and does not contain later 20th century materials. A wide variety of ceramics recovered from the site suggests a long duration of habitation, and the potential for encountering intact features is high. Metal detection within the site resulted in the recovery of additional artifacts. A Phase II investigation is recommended to establish the National Register eligibility of the site. Site 44FK1077 is a large moderately dense scatter of pre-contact Native American lithic artifacts with a light scatter of 18th to 19th century domestic artifacts at a springhead. The majority of the lithic artifacts recovered consist of local Beekmantown chert shatter. The site yielded one lithic tool, a nondiagnostic hafted scraper. Two fragments of unidentified pre-contact ceramic were also recovered. The pre-contact component is interpreted as a repeated use Woodland period lithic extraction site. The historic materials are likely associated with the more concentrated site 44FK1076 directly to the north of it and may represent a springhouse or other outbuilding. The ephemeral nature of the site suggests that intact cultural deposits are unlikely. Based upon the presence of Native American tools and ceramics as well as 18th century material culture, a Phase II investigation is recommended to establish the National Register eligibility of the site. 195 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract ii Executive Summary The Ottery Group Site 44FK1078 is a low density scatter of pre-contact lithic material similar to Site 44FK1077. No tools or diagnostic artifacts were recovered from the site. The site is interpreted as a repeated use lithic extraction site. The site is not considered to represent a significant archeological resource and no additional testing is recommended. Site 44FK1079 is a small scatter of pre-contact lithic material consisting of seven artifacts. No tools or diagnostic artifacts were recovered. It is likely that the site is a resource extraction site. The site is not considered a significant archeological resource and no additional testing is recommended. Site 44FK1080 is a cluster of pre-contact lithic artifacts found on the north of an artificial pond and along the original spring running through the property. The site contained a moderate density of artifacts, none of which are chronologically diagnostic. The artifact assemblage is consistent with the other sites within the project area. The only anomalous artifact was a possible nutting stone, which suggests that the site may be more than a temporary resource extraction camp. The site is not considered to meet the criteria for significance and no additional testing is recommended. 196 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract iii Table of Contents The Ottery Group Table of Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................................. i Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................ iii List of Figures ...................................................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................................ iv 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 2.0 Project Area Location and Description .............................................................................................. 3 3.0 Environmental and Historical Background ....................................................................................... 9 3.1 Environmental Context ................................................................................................................ 9 3.1.1 Paleo-Climate ............................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.2 Modern Climate, Flora, and Fauna .........................................................................................10 3.2 Pre-contact Cultural Sequence ...................................................................................................10 3.2.1 Paleoindian Period.....................................................................................................................10 3.2.2 Archaic Period ...........................................................................................................................11 3.2.3 Woodland Period .......................................................................................................................12 3.3 Historic Background ...................................................................................................................13 3.3.1 Tract History ..............................................................................................................................19 3.4 Previous Surveys ..........................................................................................................................22 3.5 Above-Ground Resources ..........................................................................................................24 3.6 Typical Cultural Resources Expected in the Project Area ....................................................24 4.0 Research Design and Methods ..........................................................................................................27 4.1 Research Design ...........................................................................................................................27 4.2 Archival Research ........................................................................................................................27 4.3 Field Methods ...............................................................................................................................27 4.4 Laboratory Methods ....................................................................................................................28 5.0 Results ....................................................................................................................................................29 5.1 STP Testing ...................................................................................................................................29 5.2 Metal Detection ............................................................................................................................39 5.3 Discussion .....................................................................................................................................42 6.0 Conclusions and Recommendations.................................................................................................45 6.1 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................45 7.0 References Cited ..................................................................................................................................47 List of Figures Figure 2.1: Location of the project area on the 2022 USGS Winchester,VA quadrangle map. ............. 4 Figure 2.2: Soils within the project area.. ......................................................................................................... 5 Figure 2.3: Terrain and vegetation in the west central portion of the project area, near Site 44FK1076. ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 2.4: Spring in the southern portion of the project area. ................................................................... 6 Figure 2.5: Filled sinkhole near the artificial pond. ........................................................................................ 7 Figure 2.6: Pile of demolished split rail fence at a former property boundary within the project area. 7 Figure 2.7: Outcropping of chert nodules within the host Beekmantown dolostone. ............................ 8 Figure 3.1: Approximate location of the project area on the 1809 Charles Varle Map of Frederick, Berkeley, and Jefferson Counties in the State of Virginia. .....................................15 Figure 3.2: Location of the Area of Potential Effects on the Hotchkiss Map of the Battle of Kernstown, Sunday, 23 March, 1862. ..................................................17 Figure 3.4: Location of the project area on the 1885 D.J. Lake and Company Atlas of Frederick County, Virginia. ...............................................................................................22 Figure 3.5: Location of the project area on a 1958 aerial photograph. ......................................................22 Figure 5.1: Location of Archeological Testing. .............................................................................................31 197 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract iv Table of Contents The Ottery Group Figure 5.2: Representative STP Profiles. ........................................................................................................33 Figure 5.3: Selected historic period artifacts from Site 44FK1076. ............................................................35 Figure 5.4: Selected pre-contact artifacts from Site 44FK1077. .................................................................37 Figure 5.5: Selected pre-contact artifacts from Site 44FK1080. .................................................................39 Figure 5.6: Results of metal detector survey. .................................................................................................40 List of Tables Table 3.1: Previously recorded archeological sites within one mile of the project area. .........................23 Table 5.1: Artifacts recovered from Site 44FK1076. ....................................................................................34 Table 5.2: Pre-Contact Artifacts Recovered from Site 44FK1077. ............................................................36 Table 5.3: Historic Period Artifacts Recovered from Site 44FK1077. ......................................................37 Table 5.4: Artifacts recovered from Site 44FK1078. ....................................................................................38 Table 5.5: Artifacts recovered from Site 44FK1079. ....................................................................................38 Table 5.6: Artifacts recovered from Site 44FK1080. ....................................................................................38 Table 5.7: Results of metal detector survey. ...................................................................................................41 Table 5.8: Metal detection results within Site 44FK1076. ...........................................................................41 Appendices Appendix A: Artifact Catalogs Appendix B: VCRIS Site Forms Appendix C: Qualifications of Investigators 198 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 1 Section 1 – Introduction The Ottery Group 1.0 Introduction The Ottery Group conducted a Phase I archeological survey of the Apple Valley Road Tract in Frederick County, Virginia. The project area comprises 71.85 acres of former agricultural land southwest of the City of Winchester. The Phase I archeological survey of the Apple Valley Road property was conducted prior to the pending development of the property. The planned development will be subject to review by the Historic Resources Advisory Board (HRAB), which advises the Frederick County Planning Commission on potential impacts to known historic and archeological resources, or the Virginia Department of Historic Resources (VDHR), which would be required based upon the need for state or federal permits for the planned development. The Phase I archeological survey consisted of background research, field survey, artifact processing and cataloging, and report preparation. Fieldwork was conducted between June 16th and July 21, 2023. The archeological survey consisted of the excavation of 1,435 shovel test pits excavated at 15- meter intervals, with an additional 145 7.5-meter interval radial tests used to bound artifact concentrations. Subsequent metal detector survey was conducted within all accessible areas within the project area to determine the presence of material culture associated with the National Register-eligible Kernstown Battlefield. The methods for completing this Phase I archeological survey follow the recommended approach in the Guidelines for Conducting Historic Resources Survey in Virginia (VDHR 2017). The metal detector survey was conducted in accordance with the VDHR guidelines for specialized testing of military sites (VDHR 2017:45-47). All technical staff assigned to this project meet the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Standards for Archaeology (36 CFR 61). The following chapters discuss the environmental and cultural conditions and backgrounds of the project area and Frederick County. The report also details the field and laboratory methods as well as the results of the archeological survey. The last chapter summarizes the survey work performed and provides a conclusion on the identified cultural resources and future research potential within the project area. 199 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 2 Section 1 – Introduction The Ottery Group 200 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 3 Section 2- Project Area Location and Description The Ottery Group 2.0 Project Area Location and Description The Apple Valley Road Tract is situated along a corridor of shipping warehouses located at the junction of Virginia Route 37 and Interstate 81 outside of the City of Winchester, Virginia. The project area is accessible via Middle Road (Route 628) on the north and by Apple Valley Road (Route 652) on the east (Figure 2.1). Apple Valley Road continues southeast until it intersects Route 11/Main Street/Valley Pike, the primary road through the region prior to the construction of Interstate 81 and the main north-south route across the Shenandoah Valley. The Area of Potential Effects (APE) for the planned development is drawn to include the maximum extend of impacts by potential development. Because there are no development schematics, the APE for the archeological survey includes the entire property. Archeological survey was conducted across the entirety of both parcels within the development tract. Terrain within the project area consists of an upland ridge running through the center of the project area, with terrain gently sloping to the north-east and south-west. Outcroppings associated with the Beekmantown Group geologic unit appear across the whole of the northern half of the property, with chert nodules weathering out of the exposed bedrock. The southern half of the APE is characterized as hummocky karst topography with hydric soils bounded by small elevation rises of dryer ground. The project area is situated within the Great Valley subprovince of the Valley and Ridge physiographic province. The Great Valley is a continuous basin that extends along the eastern edge of the Appalachian Mountains through several states. It is characterized by broad valleys, meandering streams, and rolling hills bounded by steeply sloping ridges (Bailey 1999). The APE ranges in elevation from 839 to 781 ft. above sea level. The landscape surrounding the APE is part of the Opequon Creek drainage and is comprised of an eroded karst topography, this includes at least one disappearing stream which runs underground throughout the southernmost part of the APE before emerging to become Hoge Run to the Southeast, this drains into the Opequon Creek proper 1.5 miles south of the APE. The Opequon Creek comes closest to the APE on its western boundary being just under a mile away. As mentioned previously, a spring head drains into the disappearing stream that connects to Hoge Run along the western boundary of the APE with the low ridge making a drainage boundary. The disappearing stream reappears at the southeastern most corner of the APE and a large cattle pond has been created at this location as a catchment basin (Figure 2.1). The United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service Web Soil Survey maps four different upland soils within the project area (Figure 2.2). The soils are characterized as well-drained soils found in upland settings; ridges, interfluves, and mountain slopes (NRCS 2023). These soils belong to the Frederick-Poplimento series. The most common soil is the Oaklet silt loam, 7-15% slopes, which covers approximately 60% of the project area in its southern expanse. The other soils, the Frederick-Poplimento very rocky loam, 2-7% slopes, and Frederick- Poplimento loam, 2-7% slopes, each account for approximately 15% of the project area respectively. A small area along the northern edge of State Route 37 is comprised of soils of the Swimley silt loam, 2-7% slopes and makes up the remainder of the APE. 201 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 4 Section 2- Project Area Location and Description The Ottery Group Figure 2.1: Location of the project area on the 2022 USGS Winchester, VA quadrangle map. ~- ~ ~ ; ~~r,1-:. .\ (':) c 1 -I I )rf, 1 1 ( ~. t (" Pr; , r ( A ( \\ :-;::Fami!~ ~~ y~~- \ \( -- -~ c----_j \ -~ PROJECT AREA I) -) 'I / 1 ( ~-~ ··=-----=,~ ____, ~ I ' ( </ ( /\ I = 5--r-1-----!~ '( I - \ I;,~ f ~-# ~ 1/ • '-_,.... J __...) ./7 Jr ? . .. __. \ r , Ltl11 • ,, ' ~ -====:J c_' 1/2 MILE J 202 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 5 Section 2- Project Area Location and Description The Ottery Group Figure 2.2: Soils within the project area. Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres inAOI Percent of AOI 6C Carbo-Oaklet, very rocky silt 0.0 0.0% loams , 2 to 15 percent slopes 14B Fred erick -Poplimento loam s, 2 9.4 14.1% to 7 percent s lopes 16B Frederick-Poplimento , very 15.4 23 .1% rocky loams , 2 lo 7 percent slopes 32B Oaklet silt loam , 2 to 7 percent 37.8 56 .6% slopes 35 Pagebrook silty clay loam 0.1 0.2% 39B Swimley silt loam , 2 to 7 1.8 2.7% pe rcent slopes w Water 2.1 3.2% 203 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 6 Section 2- Project Area Location and Description The Ottery Group Figure 2.3: Terrain and vegetation in the west central portion of the project area. Figure 2.4: Spring in the southern portion of the project area. 204 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 7 Section 2- Project Area Location and Description The Ottery Group Figure 2.5: Filled sinkhole near the artificial pond. Figure 2.6: Pile of demolished split rail fence at a former property boundary within the project area. 205 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 8 Section 2- Project Area Location and Description The Ottery Group Figure 2.7: Outcropping of chert nodules within the host Beekmantown dolostone. 206 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 9 Section 3- Environmental and Historical Background The Ottery Group 3.0 Environmental and Historical Background 3.1 Environmental Context The natural environment has been an important determinant of settlement and subsistence patterns during pre-contact and historic occupations of the region. Specific environmental characteristics, such as soils and proximity to water, influenced the quantity and variety of resources available to pre- contact Native Americans (i.e., wild plants, animals, and raw lithic materials for the manufacture of stone tools). In a broader sense, climate effects the distribution of fauna, flora, and the nature and distribution of soils. Climate also influences where people travel or settle and how they exploit natural resources in their surroundings. Throughout the Middle Atlantic region, the locations and types of pre-contact sites are closely correlated with the modern biophysical environment (ca. 3,000 BP-Present) and with paleoenvironments (ca. 12,000-3,000 BP). 3.1.1 Paleo-Climate The climate of the Middle Atlantic region underwent a series of changes following the retreat of the glaciers at the end of the Pleistocene. An understanding of climatic change is important in understanding the environmental conditions facing pre-contact Native Americans and how adaptation to these conditions shaped human settlement patterns and subsistence. Climatic episodes defined by Carbone (1976) for the Shenandoah Valley are applicable to the project area. The vegetation history of the project area may be inferred from general vegetation histories of the Middle Atlantic region that have been developed from data provided by fossilized pollen. Plant communities also influence the faunal resources that were available in the past. The last glacial episode reached its peak at approximately 18,000 BP. The glaciation occurring at the terminal Pleistocene had profound effects upon the climate of the Middle Atlantic region. The climate during this time was cool and wet; average temperatures were several degrees lower than present (Carbone 1976). Surface runoff from the retreating glaciers and heavy precipitation resulted in numerous upland bogs and poorly drained lowlands (Custer and Wallace 1982). A relatively open forest dominated by spruce and pine was the predominant vegetative cover. Moist climatic conditions during this episode promoted the development of uplands and increased wetland areas associated with stream drainages. These vegetation communities would have provided unique sets of resources and unique resource distributions for Paleoindian and Early Archaic populations. Between 10,000 and 8,500 BP, the effects of the ice sheet began to diminish. The primary change during this time was the rise in sea levels resulting in the slow inundation of many river valleys. The most pronounced embayment in the Middle Atlantic region occurred with the drowning of the Susquehanna River, which resulted in the formation of the Chesapeake Bay. This rise in sea level would have affected all tributaries to the Bay, including locations far away from its shores. Possible results of this rise include a cessation of stream incision, a decrease in stream competency that results in an increase in deposition throughout the drainage basin, and an increase in headwater erosion. During this time, seasonality increased and deciduous forests spread. Many Pleistocene fauna became extinct or migrated out of the region altogether. Between 8,500 and 5,000 BP, the climate was warmer and more humid (Custer 1984), becoming increasingly warmer and drier, with the warmest and driest period from 5,000 to 4,000 BP (Carbone 1976). With increasing deciduous constituents, the resources available to Middle Archaic occupations changed. An increase in nut-bearing trees also might have resulted in an increase in small foraging animals. Anadromous fish increase in number by the end of this climatic episode. 207 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 10 Section 3- Environmental and Historical Background The Ottery Group The warmer and drier climatic conditions resulted in the draining of bogs and pocosins, which decreased the number of water sources available across the landscape. The period between 5,000 and 3,000 BP has been interpreted as a xerothermic climate regime (Carbone 1976), which resulted in fewer lower order streams and a concentration of resources in lowlands (Custer and Wallace 1982). By the end of this climatic episode, climax forests dominated by mixed oak-hickory-pine were established composing a community similar to modern forest communities. The Late Holocene (3,000 to the present) represents essentially modern climatic conditions, although several climatic perturbations are suggested after the beginning of this period. 3.1.2 Modern Climate, Flora, and Fauna Frederick County is located in the middle latitudes with prevailing winds generally flowing from northwest to southeast. These conditions provide for a continental climate with well-defined annual seasons. Temperatures in Frederick County vary from an average daily high temperature of 41.7 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) in January to 86.6°F in July. An average of 38.43 inches of precipitation falls over the course of a year, with highest amounts in June and July. There is an average annual snowfall of 27.8 inches (Holmes and Wagner 1987). 3.2 Pre-contact Cultural Sequence Frederick County is located within the Mid-Atlantic culture area, which is traditionally defined as extending from the Dismal Swamp of the North Carolina/Virginia border to the Hudson estuary in New York, and from the Appalachian Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean. There are three general pre-contact Native Americans cultural traditions recognized in the Mid- Atlantic region: Paleoindian, Archaic, and Woodland. Originally developed as cultural historical units primarily intended to classify temporal and spatial site attributes, these traditions are defined by diagnostic artifact forms and assemblages. In more recent years, this scheme has been modified to emphasize cultural adaptations to changing ecological conditions. 3.2.1 Paleoindian Period The Paleoindian period (ca. 12,000-6,500 BP) represents human occupation and utilization of the lands representing a tundra-like environment following the retreat of the Wisconsin glaciers circa 11,000 B.C. (Dent 1995). Classical models of Paleoindian traditions propose a hunting and foraging subsistence pattern focused on extinct megafauna, pursued by highly mobile, opportunistic populations organized as bands composed of multiple family groups. These models, largely derived from Paleoindian sites identified west of the Appalachian chain, have proved to be not directly applicable to eastern North America, where direct association between Paleoindian artifacts and extinct megafauna has not been identified. There is also material evidence to support the hypothesis that Eastern Paleoindian populations exploited of a wider range of resources, perhaps most notably the findings at the Shawnee-Minisink site along the Delaware River in the Upper Delaware Valley (McNett 1985). Thus, Paleoindian populations were mobile, frequently changing location throughout the year within a territory in order to utilize available resources. Gardner’s research at the Flint Run Complex in the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia (Gardner 1974, 1977, 1979) has identified several types of sites organized around the base camp, which was the main focus of habitation by aggregate bands. Base camps tend to have heterogeneous artifact assemblages, in contrast to smaller special purpose sites that were occupied by smaller groups for shorter periods of time to make use of seasonally available resources. Base camps were tied to 208 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 11 Section 3- Environmental and Historical Background The Ottery Group quarry sites where high-quality cryptocrystalline lithic materials were extracted for stone tool manufacture (Gardner 1977, Goodyear 1979). Gardner (1974) and others (Witthoft 1953) have also proposed that upland settings were utilized as they offered a vantage point from which to observe migrating animals. Smaller camps and special use sites radiate from the base camps in varying distances. Gardner (1974) notes that Paleoindians placed an emphasis on hunting, although it is most likely that exploitation of available floral resources were also a critical component of Paleoindian subsistence strategies. In many areas, Paleoindian sites are associated with large Pleistocene megafauna such as mammoth and mastodon, however, Gardner (1980) notes that the hunting economy probably focused on deer, elk, and possibly caribou. Diagnostic projectile point forms include (from earliest to latest) Clovis, Mid-Paleo, and Dalton-Hardaway. Although the Thunderbird site is located in nearby Warren County, no archeological sites with Paleoindian components have been recorded in Frederick County. 3.2.2 Archaic Period The Archaic Period (8,500-3,000 BP) spans a great amount of time and substantial cultural change in the eastern United States, and is traditionally divided into three subperiods: Early, Middle, and Late. Generally, the Archaic Period refers to pre-ceramic sites associated with nomadic hunter-gatherer populations that occupied the emerging Holocene deciduous forests. This was considered distinct from the Paleoindian period that was characterized by highly mobile hunters reliant on big game for their livelihood. Warmer and drier climatic conditions at the onset of the Holocene resulted in a more varied floral and faunal resource base and resulted in cultural adaptations during the Archaic period. Settlement patterns were seasonally oriented, and groups were still semi-nomadic, with a subsistence base focused on hunting and gathering. An increase in population density appears to have resulted in both a larger number of sites and an increase in site revisitation, especially during the Late Archaic. In all probability, the geographical range of individual populations during the Archaic was smaller and more seasonally defined compared with the range of human groups during the Paleoindian period. There is evidence of increased trade between distant groups, such as the rise in the quantity in eastern sites of rhyolite quarried from the Catoctin Mountains in Maryland and Uwharrie Mountains in North Carolina. Research over the last two decades has revealed that the transition between the Paleoindian and Early Archaic was not as great as previously thought. The transition to the Archaic appears to have been more gradual and characterized by exploitation of an increasingly broad range of local resources and decreasing mobility. The Early Archaic sub-period (8,500-7,500 BP) is viewed as a continuation of the earlier Paleoindian lifeways, with an emphasis on the use of cryptocrystalline lithic materials for tool making. Lithic technology, however, shifted to a variety of corner-notched types, including Hardway, Palmer and Kirk, as well as bifurcate-base types such as Lecroy during the transition to the Middle Archaic period (Dent 1995). This shift in projectile point form may indicate diversification within the system of production, as economies shifted from a concentration on hunting deer and other large game to more diverse faunal exploitative patterns focused on smaller game. By the end of this sub-period, less emphasis is placed upon high-quality cryptocrystalline stone, suggesting that the settlement system based on quarry-related base camps became less important. A total of 16 sites with specified Early Archaic components have been recorded in Frederick County. The Middle Archaic (7,500-5,000 BP) is cited as a time when hunting and gathering groups began to develop a subsistence strategy that incorporated a diverse array of seasonally available resources. This is indicated by the addition of specialized plant processing tools in Middle Archaic assemblages. 209 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 12 Section 3- Environmental and Historical Background The Ottery Group A wider variety of projectile point styles is evidenced during this time; however, the use of cryptocrystalline stone for tool production is nearly abandoned. Diagnostic artifacts include Stanley, Morrow Mountain, Guilford, and Halifax point types. Tool kits are seen as becoming increasingly diversified during this period, with many more ground- and rough-stone implements (Dent 1995). The focus of settlement is at seasonally occupied base camps located on the floodplains of major drainages where seed plants could be exploited. Hunting and limited-use sites are located in the uplands, along lower-order streams and near lithic sources, and adjacent to interior swamps and swampy floodplains of low order drainages. A total of 20 sites with specified Middle Archaic components have been recorded in Frederick County. The Late Archaic sub-period (5,000-3,000 BP) is characterized by cultures that made efficient use of their local environments, and as a result, there is an increased degree of regional distinction that is visible in the archeological record. During this time semi-sedentary settlement systems expanded, possibly as a result of greater aridity that tethered groups to critical resources, or an increase in population that resulted in territorial circumscription. A total of 48 sites with specified Late Archaic components have been recorded in Frederick County, more than any other pre-contact time period. Increased use of riverine and estuarine resources is evident. The development of estuaries throughout the Coastal Plain from the continued rise in sea levels resulted in the increased distribution of crabs and oysters and extensive seasonal runs of anadromous fish. Steatite bowls are introduced into the technology inventory. The majority of projectile points representative of this time period consist of side-notched and stemmed varieties, which are typically manufactured from quartz. The Late Archaic represents the culmination of what Caldwell (1958) termed primary forest efficiency. Caldwell stressed the variety and availability of food sources in the eastern forests, and stressed that pre-contact Native American groups could move seasonally to maximize resource acquisition. Thus, in the eastern United States in general, Middle and Late Archaic groups are seen as mobile hunting and gathering peoples who exploited seasonal resources and scheduled their movements accordingly. In parts of the Middle Atlantic region, the Late Archaic period also is associated with large bivalve middens. Scattered campsites focused on major rivers appear to form a major element within the settlement pattern; short-term campsites in upland zones along small streams have also been documented. Culturally-diagnostic artifacts for this period include the Savannah River and Susquehanna Broadspear projectile point types, which appear to be represented in different frequencies above and below the Fall Line separating the Piedmont and Coastal Plain. The presence of steatite bowls in assemblages is also a diagnostic artifact of this period. 3.2.3 Woodland Period The Woodland period is divided into three sub-periods: Early Woodland (1,000-300 B.C.), Middle Woodland (300 B.C.-A.D. 900), and Late Woodland (A.D. 900-A.D. 1600). The Woodland period was originally defined in the 1930s by the appearance of ceramics, maize agriculture, and sedentary villages. At the time, it was believed that ceramics, food production, and sedentary village life were mutually inclusive. Research over the last few decades, however, has revealed that the transition between the Archaic and Woodland were not as great as previously thought. Witthoft (1953) has defined a Transitional Period linking the Archaic and the Woodland periods that was restricted in appellation to the cultural sequences of the northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. Custer (1989; Custer and Wallace 1982) considers the Late Archaic through Middle Woodland as a related continuum. 210 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 13 Section 3- Environmental and Historical Background The Ottery Group The Early Woodland period represents a continuation of trends begun during the Middle and Late Archaic periods towards increased exploitation of local resources and decreased mobility. The increased productivity of coastal and estuarine resources resulted from the stabilization of sea levels; marshes developed and estuarine areas rapidly became places on the landscape in which fish, waterfowl, and shellfish could be easily exploited. Floodplains are increasingly the focus of plant harvesting. A total of 26 sites with specified Early Woodland components have been recorded in Frederick County. Early Woodland technology included two sets of diagnostics. The first is a series of projectile points, typified by fishtail and by contracting stemmed varieties. The second set of diagnostics is ceramics. Characteristic ceramics of the period include steatite-tempered Marcey Creek and Seldon Island types, and sand-tempered Accokeek ceramics. During the Middle Woodland (300 B.C.-A.D. 900) sub-period, villages grew in size and became more permanent. Handsman and McNett (1974:26) have suggested that there was a greater reliance on horticulture resulting from an increasing population. Diagnostic artifacts include Popes Creek ceramics that are more frequent in the Coastal Plain, and Albermarle wares which are more common in the Piedmont, as well as shell-tempered Mockley wares. A total of 19 sites with specified Middle Woodland components have been recorded in Frederick County. Sedentism and subsistence based on food production were solidly established by the Late Woodland (A.D. 900-1,600). Large, permanent villages were located on the floodplains of major rivers. By A.D. 1,350, there is evidence of stockaded villages, suggesting extensive warfare throughout the Middle Atlantic region. Shell-tempered Townsend series ceramics are predominant in Late Woodland assemblages, while crushed-rock-tempered Potomac Creek wares are prevalent in the Inner Coastal Plain to the Fall Line zone. Triangular projectile points are typical of this period. A total of 26 sites with specified Late Woodland components have been recorded in Frederick County. After contact with European settlers, the traditional lifeways were disrupted. European settlement rapidly led to the nearly complete elimination of Native American groups in the Middle Atlantic region. Settlement and subsistence of historic Native Americans at the time of contact were most likely a continuation of patterns observed in the Late Woodland period. At the time of European arrival into the Chesapeake region, the Piedmont area of northern Virginia was inhabited by the Manahoacs, a tribe or confederacy of Siouan-speaking people first encountered by Captain John Smith (Haynes 1990; Barbour 1986II:175). The area around Leesburg appears to have been the center of overlapping culture groups, defined primarily by linguistic characteristics. Algonquian speaking groups occupied much of the land on both sides of the Potomac River up to the Fall Line. Jennings (1978) claims that Iroquoian speaking Susquehannocks were primarily located north of Leesburg, and similar accounts (e.g., Hudson 1976) note that Iroquoian or Siouan speaking groups probably inhabited what is now the Leesburg area. However, as European settlements began encroaching into former Indian lands, many of these original inhabitants left the area or were ravaged by diseases for which they had no resistance. 3.3 Historic Background Prior to its establishment in 1738, Frederick County was initially part of a five million acre tract called the Northern Neck of Virginia Proprietary that was granted in 1649 to seven noblemen by King Charles II of England. The county was named after Frederick, the father of King George II, of England, or possibly after the town of Winchester, originally name Fredericktown upon its founding in 1732 (Holmes and Wagner 1987). Winchester was founded on part of 140,000 acres of land 211 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 14 Section 3- Environmental and Historical Background The Ottery Group secured by Jost Hite and Robert McKay, who settled there with 16 families that they brought with them. The first European permanent colonial settlements in what became Frederick County began between 1725 and 1730, although the area had been visited by trappers, traders, hunters and explorers since at least the 1670s. Settlers moved into this area from neighboring colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania, and also New Jersey, following the major Indian Path down the Shenandoah Valley. During this time, the primary motivation for settling here was the presence of fertile land which was used for growing grains and raising livestock. The terrain and lack of a reliable transportation network made the area unsuitable to the production of tobacco. The many creeks had mills built along them to transfer grain crops to flour and fruit to cider and alcohol, which were longer lasting, easier to transport to the coastal cities, and more profitable than fresh produce. The 1809 Charles Varle map of Frederick, Berkeley, Jefferson Counties shows multiple mills on Opequon Creek south of Winchester and Kernstown as well as distilleries and blacksmithing establishment to the north in Winchester (Figure 3.1). During the 18th century there were few major roads crossing overland. The Indian Path was widened and improved and became the Great Wagon Road during the mid-18th century, spurring increased settlement. Small communities developed along the road including Winchester, Kernstown, Stevens City, Middletown, Woodstock, and Strasburg most of which were founded in the period of 1730- 1770. Frederick County was organized in 1738 as a reflection of the increasing population shifts. Kernstown, which is the location of the APE was originally founded by Jost Hite who purchased forty thousand acres from John Van Meter in 1731. In 1735, Jost Hite settled large portions of this land along the upper Opequon Creek along the Great Wagon Road/ Valley Turnpike. The families who bought properties within or adjoining the APE were the Glasses, Cartmells, Woods, Vances, and Hoges all of whom purchased land from Hite from 1735 to 1742. The area that makes up this settlement founded by the 16 families who would establish the Opequon Presbyterian Church the year of their arrival had a rich prehistory with many of the 19th historical works covering it mentioning that it had been referred to as the Shawnee Hills or Shawnee Springs, vestiges of these place names still survive on modern roads in the area today. Historical accounts also mention that ancient monuments in the form of mounds and burials were also present, as well as a substantial village just north of Winchester. Raiding parties of Delaware and Catawba were frequent in the area up until the French and Indian War. Historical accounts, especially of the Glasses, whose ancestor purchased at least 920 acres from Jost Hite in 1736 indicate that their homes were palisaded and had defensive slits cut in the shutters. Many of the second generation of the settlers of Kernstown and the Opequon Presbyterian Church would serve as militiamen and serve in various forts of the frontier, some having seen conflicts in Ireland and Germany before arriving to the frontier. Winchester, established within 2 years of Kernstown and largest of the settlements, was important to the area during the French and Indian War. Col. James Wood who had property on the edge of the APE purchased a large area of land and laid off streets even before the town was officially recognized in 1758. Fort Loudoun in Winchester was constructed in 1756 to protect the frontier community. The fort had barrack space for 450 and was the largest of the frontier fortifications. It was besieged in 1760 during an offshoot of the French and Indian War, resulting in the surrender of English troops. Raids on Winchester and Kernstown would continue in the area until 1766. Joseph Martin’s 1836 A Comprehensive Gazetteer of Virginia and the District of Columbia showed the population of Winchester, the closest town to Kernstown, is included as 3,620 residents with a wide variety of businesses, schools, and churches. Kernstown would contribute to Winchesters growth by providing the raw agricultural goods which would be processed as well as being an important shipping hub for the products of the many water mills along Opequon Creek. 212 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 15 Section 3- Environmental and Historical Background The Ottery Group Figure 3.1: Approximate location of the project area on the 1809 Charles Varle Map of Frederick, Berkeley, and Jefferson Counties in the State of Virginia. 0 --===~2 MILES 213 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 16 Section 3- Environmental and Historical Background The Ottery Group Kernstown would be established as an official town by an act of the Virginia Assembly in 1799 and named after Adam Kern Jr. whose father had bought land just south of Winchester in 1765 along the Great Wagon Rd. Kernstown as a district stretched from Hoge’s Tavern on the south at the intersection of the Great Wagon Road and the Opequon Creek to the North of the Opequon Presbyterian Church at the properties owned by the Kern family. In the early 1830’s the railroad was built through the Shenandoah Valley adjacent to the original Great Wagon Road passing beside Kernstown. This infrastructure improvement allowed for the more profitable movement of processed agricultural goods from Kernstown to Winchester and external markets. For the first three generations the 16 families who came with Jost Hite intermarried and kept their lands in ever smaller divided portions amongst their families. During the early 19th century these families who had prospered in the area would use Winchester as a steppingstone to move out into the Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee frontiers. While many of the founding families can still be found within the boundaries of Kernstown, throughout the early 19th century and especially after the Civil War as Kernstown became more peripheral to Winchester those families began to sell their farms to people from farther afield. Two Civil War battles were fought adjacent to the APE and both Confederate and Union Soldiers likely camped within its boundaries. These two battles at Kernstown were part of the strategic control of the Shenandoah Valley and its resources by the Confederacy as well the Union Army’s attempts to disrupt this resource network at the same time protecting Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Washington D. C. from assault. As part of Maj. General Stonewall Jacksonson’s early Valley Campaign he was ordered by General Johnston to prevent three separate Union forces from reinforcing McClellan’s movements on Richmond. During this time 17,000 troops under his command kept 52,000 Union troops from reaching the Piedmont. Col. Turner Ashby, the Commander of the 7th Virginia Cavalry under General Jackson on skirmished with the Federal outpost on the southern edges of Winchester on March 22nd, 1862. He falsely reported to General Jackson that these troops were on the move to support over divisions in the Piedmont. With direct orders from General Johnston General Jackson’s hand was forced and he moved his troops to engage the Union Army to hold them at Winchester. General James Shields 8,000 men in their fortified positions awoke on the morning of March 23rd to see Col. Turner Ashby’s cavalry return along with Confederate artillery. The Confederate forces staged their battle line roughly 700 meters northeast of the Area of Potential Effects and opened fire on General James Shields Union divisions at 9 am. Col. Ashby was unable to flank the Union forces from their entrenched positions around Pritchard’s farm just northwest of Opequon Presbyterian Church on the northern edge of Kernstown. General Jackson at this time had gathered his troops and was riding north from Strasburg, arriving in the vicinity of Kernstown shortly before 3 pm. The confederates attempted to flank the Union forces at Sandy Ridge to the northeast of the project area but were pushed back by heavy artillery fire from Pritchard’s farm and Union reinforcements from Winchester. Running low on ammunition, the 3,700 Confederate forces retreated from the field. The Confederate casualties numbered 740 killed while the Union army lost nearly 500 of the 7,200 troops they had committed to the battle. The First Battle of Kernstown was one of Stonewall Jackson’s two major defeats, but because of the battle, the Union command chose to keep Winchester reinforced, reuiring troops that could have been otherwise used for the campaigns in the Piedmont. Figure 3.2 illustrates the position of the First Battle of Kernstown to the project area. The entire Shenandoah Valley would be a battleground throughout the American Civil War with both Union and Confederate victories. Late in the War during 1864 Kernstown would once again be host to another battle caused by poor intelligence, this time on the Union side. The Second Battle of 214 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 17 Section 3- Environmental and Historical Background The Ottery Group Figure 3.2: Location of the Area of Potential Effects on the Hotchkiss Map of the Battle of Kernstown, Sunday, 23 March, 1862. Kernstown would happen late in the American Civil War after a series of defeats which resulted in the loss of valuable territory for the Confederacy. The motivations for the battle were much the same as the first, that was to keep Union troops from entering the theatre of war in the Piedmont. The commander of the overall Confederate forces in the Shenandoah Valley had fallen to General Jubal Early who had suffered a strategic defeat at the Battle of Rutherford’s Farm on July 20 th, 1864. The Union commander in the area General Horatio Wright after this battle assumed incorrectly that General Early and his forces would retreat out of the Shenandoah Valley and dispatched a large portion of his veteran forces from West Virginia and Virginia to support the sieges of Richmond and Petersburg. This left the bulk of Wrights forces under General George Crook with only 13,000 infantry, cavalry, and artillery men in the Shenandoah Valley. General Early learned of these events from prisoners taken during cavalry skirmishes after the Battle of Rutherford’s Farm and with clear .... _+_ .,. /--4 '-,.. M..,.7:,.:: =-= ',,_ .. .-ti ,~ ·J.oo~= ., • ' " N w E s 215 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 18 Section 3- Environmental and Historical Background The Ottery Group orders from General Robert E. Lee was tasked with holding the remaining forces in the Shenandoah Valley. Early on the morning of July 24th, 1864 General Early began marching his troops up the Valley Turnpike towards Winchester. General Early was confident his forces, which numbered 16,000 could overpower General Crook’s. Col. Joseph Thoburn’s held the position on Sandy Ridge and Col. James Mulligan’s Artillery with new 10-pound Parrott rifles were stationed at Pritchard’s Farm establishing his line of battle along the same high ground that was so successful for the Union Army during the First Battle of Kernstown. This included the digging of rough defensive works on the hill at Pritchard’s Farm. Due to a lack of cavalry available, the eastern flank of General Crook’s position was weakened with only a small contingent under Col. Jacob Higgins to hold the flat area east of Kernstown and the Valley Turnpike. By about 8 am on the morning of the 24th heavy skirmishing began as Confederate cavalry under Col. William Jackson assaulted Sandy Ridge much as at the beginning of the First Battle of Kernstown. The bulk of this offensive took place along Sandy Ridge and Middle Road just adjacent to the APE. This was followed up by Confederate infantry troops under Col. Stephen Ramseux assaulting Sandy Ridge moving down Middle Road and across the Northern edge of the APE. This cavalry and infantry skirmishing was held back along Sandy Ridge by Mulligan’s troops. The Confederate forces used their knowledge of the terrain around Kernstown to their advantage, using ravines and low elevation areas to covertly move troops into position along General Crook’s weak east flank many of which are in the southern part of the APE. General Mulligan knowing the weakness of the line of battle at this point dispatched the 54 Pennsylvania Infantry to reinforce this part of his line. The confederate assault of was intense enough that Mulligan’s infantry under Col. Thomas Harris were pushed back from their advance positions all the way back to Pritchard’s Farm. At this time in the battle Col. Mulligan sent an urgent plea to General Crook for more reinforcements to shore up his weak east flank. Mulligan sent a brigade under Col. Rutherford B. Hayes and an additional artillery battery to bolster the Union defenses. At this point in the Battle General Crook left the safety of Winchester and went to the front lines to manage the offensive directly. General Crook decided to take decisive action and pushed a counter offensive. He had Thoburn, Mulligan, and Hayes leave their stable positions and advance on the larger Confederate force. This choice would lead to the Union defeat at the Second Batlle of Kernstown. Confederate General Wharton had skillfully taken up position along Crook’s weak east flank by moving his troops through the project area. Wharton’s troops under General Breckinridge pushed Hayes’s forces back. At the same time Ramseux’s Confederate division assaulted the Union troops along Middle Road and Sandy Ridge weakened their forces there. By early afternoon the Union positions around Kernstown had been completed surrounded by the Confederate line, which by 1 pm. spread over 4 miles. The Confederate forces at this time put all their strength on the northwest and south flanks of the Union forces. The confederate forces had been bolstered by the arrival of Maj. General Robert Rodes along the Unions eastern flank along with a contingent of 12 artillery pieces under Maj. William McLaughlin. Around 3 pm the Union forces under Mulligan and Hayes attempted another advance on the Confederate positions but were pushed back by overwhelming fire from the Confederate forces to the stone walls of the Opequon Presbyterian Church. By 4 pm General Crook issued the orders for a general retreat resulting in a Confederate victory. In the post-Civil War period, Frederick County continued much as it had prior to the war. For the first decade, population of the County remained largely unchanged, with gradual increases through the end of the 19th century. 216 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 19 Section 3- Environmental and Historical Background The Ottery Group At the end of the 19th century there was a shift from grain-livestock agriculture to an orchard- livestock agricultural model (Geier and Hofstra 1991). The transition was mostly complete by 1930. During this period, small family farming plots were commonly consolidated to enable large scale production in competition with the growing number of commercial farms. By 1958, the majority of the agricultural properties in the vicinity of the project area are orchards. 3.3.1 Tract History The project area is situated within the historic boundaries of the town of Kernstown established as a community in 1736. The earliest maps to show detail of the vicinity of the project area, including the 1809 Varle Map do not show any structures within the project area. Later maps, including the 1862 Hotchkiss Map of the First Battle of Kernstown, show a road and a possible structure on the southern side of the project area. The town of Kernstown was established by 16 families who bought land either from Jost Hite, John Van Meter, or Lord Fairfax and established the Opequon Presbyterian Church in 1735. Hofstra and Geier in their 1996 work Beyond the Great Blue Mountain: Historical Archaeology and 18th Century Settlement in Virginia West of the Blue Ridge through careful research established the property boundaries of many of these families during the 18th century. The land ownership either within the project area or just adjacent to it during this period fell into three families: the Cartmells, Glasses, and Hoges (Figure 3.3). Nathaniel Cartmell, known as Nathaniel Cartmell of England, was born sometime in the third quarter of the 17th century in Westmoreland England and immigrated to New Jersey with his family in 1724. Nathaniel of England apparently died before 1735 and it is one of his eldest sons and his Figure 3.3: 18th century land grants which formed the basis of the project area. --------... ------------------- N Sb!rlna /V .tibmf ,.,, 11,aJt 5nm, 217 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 20 Section 3- Environmental and Historical Background The Ottery Group widow who have appeared to have had a significant property south of the Opequon Creek. The survey of the purchase of land took almost two years to complete as the widow and her children did not arrive until 1737. The Cartmells built large estate houses on many of their properties including Homespun, Cloverdale, and Greenfield Farm. Nathaniel I also purchased other smaller tracts for his children, but there is little record of residences on those properties. Much of the Cartmell property boundaries were in dispute during the 18th century due to the family not officially leaving the parcels in wills and having land titles in their siblings or even cousins’ names. The Cartmell family as a whole were farmers, millers, blacksmiths, and soldiers during both the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War. The next family who may have owned portions of the center and eastern portion of the project area were the Glasses. Samuel Glass the Immigrant and his wife Mary Gamble immigrated from County Down Ireland in 1735. Samuel was born in 1660 and was already of a respectable age when arriving in the Opequon drainage in 1736. He brought with him his children and in some cases his grandchildren. There is some dispute over the amount of land he initially purchased with early accounts stating 1,600 acres and later works stating 920, this is likely due to the fact he purchased 900+ acres south of the Opequon, but also held 700 acres north of the Opequon. The land was purchased from both Jost Hite and Lord Fairfax. Prior to his death in 1767, he willed his sons several portions of his land holdings. Samuel Glass the Immigrant’s three sons all have properties which were adjacent to or within the APE. Samuel Glass sold his eldest son John 250 acres from his original purchase in 1749. John never resided on this property though and may have rented it to others as he remained with his family at Beverly Manor, after his death his other properties were broken up between his 11 children. Samuel Glass sold to his son Joeseph 250 acres in 1751, much of this property was divided upon his death in 1794 by his 13 children. Robert David, another one of Samuel Glass’s sons, purchased his own property to the northeast of the APE, this property was dispersed largely to his 13 children upon his death in 1797. David Glass likely owned a portion of the property that makes up the APE which he purchased from his father in 1749. His two sons inherited his estate upon his death in 1775. The Glasses married into many neighboring families including the Cartmells, Hoges, Woods, Becketts, and Vances. William Hoge immigrated from Scotland in 1682 having been born in 1660 and met his wife Barbara Hume on that voyage. William Hoge was the son of Sir James Hoge of Scotland and his future wife was the daughter of Sir James Hume. They had both journeyed from Scotland on the Ship Caledonia to Perth Amboy New Jersey. Barbara’s parents died on the voyage and William attended her for the remainder of the voyage until they were married in 1695. William was a tailor by profession but also served on the board of a trading company established by Governor Berkely. In 1688 he served a session in the House of Deputies of the New Jersey Assembly. In 1689 he moved to present day Delaware. In 1710 he purchased 1,000 acres in Chester County Pennsylvania and moved his family there until 1729. The acreage of William’s estate on the branch of the Opequon Creek that still bears his name has been in dispute since historians of the 19th century. His property was “vast” compared to his neighbors. All of his children were prosperous as farmers, investors in mills, and running Hogue’s Ordinary the local tavern at the intersection crossing the Opequon Creek and the Great Wagon Road/ Valley Turnpike. William Hoge’s grandson John II, the son of John, would later move onto this property and establish a farm at the same time becoming Opequon Presbyterian Church’s first permanent minister. This property would later be broken up and sold, with the northern portion being sold to the Pritchard family, who established Pritchard’s Farm, a prominent defensive feature during the First and Second Battles of Kernstown during the Civil War. There is a break in the land ownership records for the area of the APE during the second to third quarter of the nineteenth century. The 1885 D.J. Lake and Company Atlas of Frederick County, Virginia contains a map of the Shawnee District for which Kernstown is well illustrated at that time 218 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 21 Section 3- Environmental and Historical Background The Ottery Group (Figure3.4). That map shows the ownership of the property by the Fullerton family, descendants of Dr. Humphrey Fullerton who had served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Aerial photographs from the mid-20th century show that the property remained much as it appeared in 1885, with cleared fields that are likely used for pasture (Figure 3.5). The pattern of land ownership appears to have continued into the 1970s, when Virginia Route 37 was constructed through the farm. Aerial photographs from 1982 and later show increasingly encroaching brush, likely showing the abandonment of the farmhouse on the southern site of the highway. The fields within the project area remain well maintained and actively used as pasture until 2006. Beginning in 2008, aerial photographs show scrub brush overtaking the southern fields, with only the northern field still in use until the present day. Figure 3.4: Location of the project area on the 1885 D.J. Lake and Company Atlas of Frederick County, Virginia. l Jf Jt,11.or- ,. • I I' 0 MILES 219 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 22 Section 3- Environmental and Historical Background The Ottery Group Figure 3.5: Location of the project area on a 1958 aerial photograph. 3.4 Previous Surveys Previous archeological work in the vicinity of the project area was reviewed using the Virginia Cultural Resources Information System (VCRIS) maintained by the VDHR. The database indicates that there are no previously identified archeological sites within the APE and that the project area has not been the subject of any professional archeological investigation. Surrounding the APE is the protected National Register-eligible Kernstown Battlefield (034-0007). While numerous studies have focused on the historical and architectural history of Kernstown and its affiliated battlefield, only two large scale archaeological surveys have been conducted (Gallucci et al. 1992; Geier and Hofstra 1991). These investigations examined the Kernstown Battlefield as well as early settlement patterns along the Opequon Creek. More recent field observations of threatened site have been investigated by Robert Jolley of VDHR, but full reports on this data is presently unavailable on VCRIS. 220 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 23 Section 3- Environmental and Historical Background The Ottery Group There are a total of 22 previously identified sites within one mile of the project area (Table 3.1). The majority of the sites (n=15) date to the historic period while multi-component sites that include pre- contact Native American artifacts are uncommon (n=1). Native American sites are present within the search area (n=6) and are mostly comprised of small lithic scatters. Four of the sites are identified as Civil War encampments and or defensive positions associated with the First/Second Battles of Kernstown. The non-Civil War sites are generally farmsteads or outbuildings dating to the mid-18th through 20th century, as well as property boundaries in the form of stone walls and tree lines (witness trees). Other sites include a French and Indian War Fort and two 18th-19th century cemeteries associated with the Opequon Presbyterian Church. All of the pre-contact Native American sites in the vicinity of the project area are low density lithic scatters and most did not yield diagnostic artifacts that would allow the sites to be placed within a chronological sequence. Two of the pre-contact Native American sites had material consistent with Archaic to Early Woodland material culture. Table 3.1: Previously recorded archeological sites within one mile of the project area. Site Number Description Report Reference 44FK0025 P: Surface Lithic Scatter/ Nondiagnostic Thunderbird Arch. Assoc. 1979 44FK0026 P: Archaic & Woodland Lithic Scatter H: Historic Ceramic Scatter WMCAR 1980 44FK0027 P: Archaic Lithic Scatter Thunderbird Arch. Assoc. 1979 44FK0029 H: Late 18th C. Home & Millsite VDOT-Lyle Browning 1981 44FK0178 H: 18th or 19th Century Farm JMU-WHITLEY 1991 44FK0181 P: Archaic & Woodland Lithic Scatter JMU 1991 44FK0183 P: Lithic Scatter/ Nondiagnostic JMU-WOOD 1991 44FK0188 H: 18th Century Stone Wall (Glass Family) JMU-WOOD 1991 44FK0202 H: 18th Century Homesite (Colvill Family) JMU-HOFSTRA 1991 44FK0228 H: Witness Tree/ Property Boundary JMU-Opequon Arch. Survey 1991 44FK0232 H: 18th Century Stone Wall JMU-Opequon Arch. Survey 1991 44FK0233 H: Union Defensive Earthwork JMU-Opequon Arch. Survey 1991 44FK0266 P: Lithic Scatter/ Nondiagnostic JMU-Opequon Arch. Survey 1991 44FK0267 P: Lithic Scatter/ Nondiagnostic JMU-Opequon Arch. Survey 1991 44FK0272 H: Fenceline/ Union Defensive Position JMU-Opequon Arch. Survey 1991 44FK0544 H: Union Cavalry Encampment JRIA-JOLLEY 1998 44FK0592 H: French & Indian War Fort Colvin DHR-JOLLEY 2002-2014 44FK0650 H: Civil War Encampment DHR-JOLLEY 2007 44FK0651 H: Union Encampment DHR-JOLLEY 2007 44FK0803 H: 1736 & 1790 Opequon Presbyterian Church DHR-JOLLEY 2016 44FK1016 H: Opequon Burial Ground No. 2 DHR-JOLLEY 2020 44FK1017 H: Opequon Burial Ground No. 4 DHR-JOLLEY 2021 221 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 24 Section 3- Environmental and Historical Background The Ottery Group 3.5 Above-Ground Resources There are few surviving above-ground historic resources within half a mile of the project area. A search of VCRIS returned seven historic structures, primarily related to Kernstown Battlefield or 19th century or later domestic structures. The only standing 18th century structure within this radius is the homesite of the Wilson Family, who built this structure in around 1740. This site is known interchangeably in historical accounts as Stony Lonesome as well as the Wilson-Magill-Madagan House (034-0027). To the North of the APE is the Pritchard-Grim House (034-0003) on the property of the Hoge family was utilized by Union artillery as a high ground position during the First and Second Battles of Kernstown. Parts of this property retain ruins and foundations relating to 18th century habitation and land use. Further to the south of the project area is the J. D. Ewing House also known as the Ewing Farm which was established during the Reconstruction Period shortly before 1880. It is a well-preserved balloon framed farmhouse with surviving outbuildings. Close to this is the Salem Methodist Church and associated cemetery established in 1913. It should be noted that the current Opequon Presbyterian Church north of the APE is of late 19th c. construction but is built close to the original footprint of the 1736 and 1790 iterations. The associated cemetery of the Opequon Presbyterian Church holds some of the earliest surviving grave markers west of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Many of these early markers were not imported but are made from locally quarried limestone, sandstone, and shale. Robert Glass son of the immigrant was listed as having mason’s t ools in his last will and testament. This trade would have been useful in not only building such structures as Samuel Glass’s Mill on the Opequon but may have been useful in the production of these local folk funeral markers. Two additional cemeteries associated with that church and the original 16 families, and their descendants can be found within half a mile of the APE. Opequon Cemetery No. 2 was in use by the 1760’s and continued to be used throughout the 19th century, and Opequon Cemetery No. 4 which appears to have been established during the last decade of the 19th century. Farther to the south is the extant remains of Fort Colvin, a French and Indian Fort that Nathaniel Cartmell II likely served in along with his being stationed in Winchester. It is not listed in the VDHR VCRIS system as it has gone through several hands over the past 20 years including VDHR, APVA, and the French and Indian War Preservation Society before being sold back to its original owner. The remaining above ground historic assets belong to the National Register-eligible Kernstown Battlefield 034-0007 with the defensive works along Sandy Ridge, the artillery emplacement at the Pritchard-Grim Farm, and numerous stone walls/ property boundaries used as defensive positions being listed. 3.6 Typical Cultural Resources Expected in the Project Area In general, pre-contact Native American archeological resources are most likely to be found in upland well-drained areas that are within approximately 150-meters (492 feet) of a stable, permanent water source. There have been seven sites with pre-contact Native American components encountered within one mile of the project area, several occurring on landforms similar to the project area and with a similar proximity to a water source. The project area is relatively level and includes the headwaters of Hoge Run, a minor drainage. There is a high potential that pre-contact Native American deposits are present within the project area. A review of previous archeological surveys within one mile of the project area, and an examination of historic documents and maps, indicates that historic period archeological resources, dating from the 18th through the early 20th centuries are could be found within the project area. In general, historic period archeological sites are most typically found within 100 meters (328 feet) of a historic roadway 222 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 25 Section 3- Environmental and Historical Background The Ottery Group or navigable waterway. Historic mapping from the mid-19th century onward shows that the project area was situated in an area between the large farms that comprised the area. Research conducted by Geier and Hofstra indicate that the project area falls within tracts patented by the mid-18th century. Apple Valley Road, which abuts the project area has existed in its current layout since prior to the Civil War. Based upon the proximity of the project area to the battlefields of First and Second Kernstown, it is not unexpected for militaria to be encountered. Apple Valley Road was used to move troops for the battles but was not directly within the area where combat occurred. VCRIS records indicate that the looting of sites of military significance by metal detectorists. Accordingly, the probability of encountering large amounts of militaria is low due to easy access to the APE along Middle and Apple Valley Roads. 223 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 26 Section 3- Environmental and Historical Background The Ottery Group 224 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 27 Section 4- Research Design and Methods The Ottery Group 4.0 Research Design and Methods 4.1 Research Design The Ottery Group conducted the Phase I archeological survey of the Apple Valley Road Tract as part of due diligence ahead of proposed development of the property. The purpose of the archeological survey was to locate previously unrecorded archeological sites within the property and, if they exist, to preliminarily assess their research potential based on the criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places (36 CFR 60). The project included field investigations and archival research. Archival research was conducted to locate previously identified cultural resources in the surrounding area and to guide an assessment of the potential for locating undiscovered archeological sites within the impact areas associated with the planned industrial development. Field investigations consisted of shovel test pits across the development parcel. Shovel test pits were used to systematically collect artifacts and to use the locations and quantities recovered to identify the presence and location of historic or pre-contact Native American sites. In addition to conventional subsurface testing, a metal detector survey was completed across part of the project area due to the proximity of the battlefield of First & Second Kernstown, a Civil War battle associated with the Shenandoah Campaign of the Confederate Army during the Civil War. Metal detection surveys are considered to be the most effective tool in identifying Civil War resources and are recommended methods to enhance convention Phase I survey methods (VDHR 2017). 4.2 Archival Research Research was conducted online using the VDHR VCRIS cultural resources database. All cultural resources within one-mile radius of the site were compiled into spreadsheets. These resources included documented historic and archeological sites. Additional research was conducted using the Library of Congress online map database, the USGS National Map Viewer, historicaerials.com, and the Frederick County GIS application. 4.3 Field Methods The Phase I archeological survey was conducted over the period of June 16th to July 27th, 2023. Testing was conducted using a 15-meter grid that conforms to state and county standards. The grid was established using a base point at the edge of Apple Valley Road as a starting datum (N39.143671, W-78.208874), with this central datum point of N6000 E3000 due the large size of the APE as well as to differentiate it from a previous field survey. The locations of individual STPs were determined using a Suunto KB-50 optical sighting compass to determine angle and pacing to determine distance. Each STP was marked with flagging tape and measured at least 45 centimeters (cm) in diameter and was excavated in levels that approximated the existing soil conditions. Excavation of the STPs was performed based on stratigraphic layers to a depth of ten centimeters into sterile soil or to the limits of hand excavation. The STPs were offset if necessary due to obstacles such as trees, roads, or debris and based on the discretion of the excavator. One hundred percent of excavated soil was sifted through ¼-inch wire mesh screen for cultural material. Artifacts, if present, were documented and collected in labeled bags according to their horizontal and vertical provenience for further processing. Shovel test pits were excavated to culturally sterile soils unless physical obstructions prevented excavation beyond the depth of the obstruction. The metal detection survey was accomplished using a White’s Sierra Madre, Tesoro Tejón, and Whites Coinmaster 2 with factory standard detector coils. The detectors were used in “all metal” mode with low discrimination and were ground-balanced at the site at the beginning of each day of metal detecting. The instruments can detect metal artifacts within approximately one foot from the ground surface. Targets 225 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 28 Section 4- Research Design and Methods The Ottery Group identified during metal detection were excavated with hand tools with assistance from a hand-held pinpointer. All excavated metal artifacts were identified in the field, recorded with a bag number in an inventory and with a general identification of the artifact, mapped, and collected. Locations of all collected artifacts were recorded with hand-held GPS. Artifacts were collected in polyvinyl bags marked with complete provenience information. Field notes recorded the vertical location of recovered cultural material, soil stratigraphy, soil colors, and soil textures onto standardized STP forms using Munsell color charts and common soil texture nomenclature. After excavation and recording, all STPs were backfilled. Additionally, digital photography was used to document unusual or exceptional landforms, materials, or cultural features, as well as to provide overview documentation of the existing conditions of the project area at the time of survey. The locations of all tests were plotted on a proposed site plan provided by the developer. All maps, field notes, shovel test forms, catalog forms, photographs, and other project related information are on file with the Ottery Group in Silver Spring, Maryland. 4.4 Laboratory Methods The general methodology for the processing of archeological material recovered from Phase I survey includes the cleaning, stabilization and cataloging of the artifact assemblage and associated records. In general, stable artifacts, such as ceramic, glass, and lithics were mechanically cleaned with water and dried. Heavily corroded metals were cleaned with a stiff brush to remove adhering soils and to expose diagnostic attributes. Artifact processing procedures conform to Virginia Department of Historic Resources State Collections Management Standards (VDHR 2011). Artifacts were initially sorted into general categories based on material type and inventoried in a Microsoft Excel database based on relevant diagnostic attributes. Lithic artifacts were analyzed based on general morphology modeled after Andrefsky’s (1998) typology. Debitage was categorized as either shatter, unintentional fractures resulting from lithic reduction, flakes and intentionally removed materials with morphological characteristics such as platforms and bulbs of percussion. Historic artifacts were catalogued according to a functional analysis system modified from South’s original functional groups (South 1977). In most cases, the original categories have been simplified and smaller groups have been merged into larger groups. Historic artifacts were classified using the following group designations: Domestic, Architectural, Clothing, Personal, Faunal, Floral, Fuel, Weaponry, Transportation, and Activities. Further, the artifacts were classified according to material, type, decoration, function, portion, and color. The Utilities category encompasses coal and its by-products and charcoal. A marker category also was used to identify recovered material which was determined to be modern material in the laboratory. Modern material was noted but not collected unless it occurred in situ with older cultural material. Following analysis, artifacts were bagged in perforated, four-milliliter polypropylene bags labeled with provenience and project information and boxed in acid-free containers for long-term storage at an appropriate facility. The artifacts recovered during the survey are not considered to be candidates for conservation or permanent curation. 226 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 29 Section 5- Results The Ottery Group 5.0 Results The archeological survey of the Apple Valley Road Tract consisted of the excavation of 1,435 shovel test pits excavated at 15-meter intervals, with an additional 145 7.5-meter interval radial tests used to bound artifact concentrations within the 71.85-acre property. The purpose of the STP survey was to identify the presence of any cultural deposits within the property. Metal detection was conducted across areas where ground cover permitted, primarily in the northern portion of the project area and a central corridor extending north to south in the southern portion. The purpose of the metal detection was specifically to investigate the presence of Civil War-era artifacts associated with the 1864 Battle of Kernstown. 5.1 STP Testing The STP grid was established using a fence corner at the northeastern corner of the project area as the datum, designated STP N6000 E3000 (Figure 5.1). The grid was set to an angle of 10 degrees west of north, following a sight line down the fence at the western property boundary. This was the longest continuous visible line and could be reestablished from multiple points to the south to avoid drift. Terrain within the project area consisted of a relatively level upland terrace, with a central ridge running northeast-to-southwest through the project area and gently sloping northeast and southwest. In the southwestern portion of the APE a relict stream with a filled cave/ natural spring entrance was present. Outcroppings of the Beekmantown chert nodules weathering out of the exposed bedrock are present in the northern half of the project area. Evidence of quarrying for the extraction of foundation stones was evident on outcroppings in the center of the APE. The southern half of the APE can be characterized as hummocky karst topography with hydric soils bounded by small elevation rises with dryer ground and rocky and gravely soils. The southernmost regions of the APE are low lying marshland with hydric silt loam soils. Vegetation varied across the project area, with open grassland at the northern end, multiple small open glades with borders of 1-2 meter-tall briars bounding low growing dense brush with cattle paths between the separate glades in the central portion of the property, and heavy brush in the southern end of the project area. The soils encountered across the project area were relatively consistent. The typical soil profile consisted of a 10YR 4/4 silt loam eroded former plowzone above a 10YR 5/6 silt loam B horizon subsoil (Figure 5.2). The boundary between the plowzone and subsoil horizons is marked by a lag of gravel and cobbles comprised of angular dolostone of the Beekmantown Group. In the lower elevations of the project area proximal to the stream drainage, the soils often exhibited hydric profiles. Hydric profiles, marked by the presence of water, leached soils, and precipitated mineralization, were observed in 330 STPs. The profiles were generally shallow, with 913 STPs within the project area encountering subsoil at depths of 11-20cm below ground surface. Another 313 STPs extended to depths of between 21 and 30cm. Only 40 of the STPs encountered a soil change at deeper than 30cm. A total of 197 STPs contained 18th-20th century and pre-contact Native American artifacts. The distribution of these positive STPs can be seen in Figure 5.1. Historic period artifacts were found in one concentrated area, with some outliers spread along the springhead to the south of the primary cluster. The bulk of the positive STPs (n=157) were concentrated in five areas. The five artifact concentrations were designated sites 44FK1076 to 44FK1080. Artifact clusters that contained only chert shatter, i.e. no flakes or other artifacts, were not designated archeological sites, as the shatter may have been inadvertently produced by plowing or animal hooves and not indicative of cultural activity. 227 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 30 Section 5- Results The Ottery Group 228 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 31 Section 5- Results The Ottery Group Figure 5.1: Location of Archeological Testing. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • w 1- • 00 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. • .. ·•· ••• • •• : ' -·••:• I ' ~--·~ .... ~ . ·.•.· • • • 0 :g ~ 11. ; w l-oo • • • • . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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LL ; . w l-oo • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 229 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 32 Section 5- Results The Ottery Group 230 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 33 Section 5- Results The Ottery Group Figure 5.2: Representative STP Profiles. 0 15 34 STP N5235/E2895 10YR 4/4 DARK YELLOWISH BROWN SILT LOAM-PLOWZONE 10YR 5/6 YELLOWISH BROWN SILT LOAM-81 STP N5265/E2970 0 32 ----------- CD 10YR 5/3 BROWN SILT LOAM-PLOWZONE 10YR 7/3 VERY PALE BROWN SILT LOAM (HYDRIC)-81 231 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 34 Section 5- Results The Ottery Group Site 44FK1076 covers a roughly circular area measuring 55m-x-50m (Figure 5.1). Within this area, 23 of 29 STPs contained cultural material, including 11 baseline STPs and 12 radial STPs. A total of 204 artifacts were recovered from STP testing, with an additional 73 encountered during metal detection (Table 5.1). The recovered material indicates a house site. A wide variety of diagnostic ceramics present shows that the period of occupation was likely between 1750 and 1830. Several artifacts recovered have a terminal use date of the end of the first quarter of the 19th century. Additional Colonial-era artifacts including blown window pane and olive green wine bottle fragments were found (Figure 5.3). Both hand-wrought and machine-cut nails were encountered, indicating that the site was being improved until after 1810. There is negligible presence of later cultural material that would indicate a continuation of occupation into the late 19th or 20th century. Only one pre-contact artifact was recovered, a secondary flake made of the local Beekmantown chert. Site 44FK1076 may be the home of three generations of the Glass family. David Glass (1728-1775) purchased the land that includes the project area in 1749. Upon his death, it was passed to his son, David Glass II (1746- after 1789) and possibly David Glass II’s son John (1831-?) after that. A fenceline with remnants of a fieldstone wall adjacent to site appears to be part of a property boundary aligning to the metes and bounds of the 1749 purchase. Little is known of this branch of the much more famous Glass family, descendants of which still live adjacent to the property today. It is thought that John Glass, the grandson, may have moved out of the Opequon Creek drainage as so many pioneers did to the Kentucky or Ohio frontiers. As John left no heirs his property may have reverted into the family or been sold in the 1850s. Table 5.1: Artifacts recovered from Site 44FK1076. Group Category Artifact Count Start Date End Date Kitchen Ceramics Creamware- Undecorated 8 1760 1810 Pearlware- Undecorated 16 1780 1830 Pearlware- Polychrome 3 1790 1815 Pearlware- Feather-Edged 2 1790 1815 Pearlware- Transfer Printed 1 1790 1815 Redware- Lead Glazed 62 1750 1900 Redware- Plain 63 1750 1900 Redware- Other 3 1750 1900 Buckley 5 1750 1790 Astbury 1 1750 1790 Manganese Mottled Ware 2 1750 1820 Whiteware- Undecorated 3 1820 2000+ Whiteware- Transfer Printed 1 1820 2000+ Chinese Export Porcelain 2 1750 1810 Gray Bodied Domestic Stoneware 1 1730 1930 English Brown Stoneware 1 1750 1830 Buff Bodied Stoneware 1 1750 1830 Faunal Oyster 3 n.a. n.a. Burnt Bone/ Tooth 1 n.a. n.a. Glass Lead Glass Stemware 2 1750 1870 Medicine Bottle 4 1760 1820 Olive Vessel Glass- Free Blown 1 1750 1830 232 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 35 Section 5- Results The Ottery Group Group Category Artifact Count Start Date End Date Architectural Ceramic Brick (not wire cut) 33 1700 1880 Mortar 10 n.a. n.a. Glass Window Pane (cylinder) 6 1750 1870 Metal Hand-forged Nail 16 1750 1850 Machine-cut Nail 7 1810 1880 Activities Metal Cast iron kettle fragment 6 1760 1870 Dowry chest/ linen chest lock plate (iron) 1 1750 1850 Wire 1 1870 2000+ Miscellaneous Lithic Chert Secondary Flake 1 n.a. n.a. TOTAL 230 Figure 5.3: Selected historic period artifacts from Site 44FK1076. HAND-FORGED NAIL, LEAD GLAZED REDWARE POLYCHROME PEARLWARE AND BUCKLEY HAND-FORGED NAILS, ASTBURY, BUCKLEY, POLYCHROME PEARLWARE, CYLINDER WINDOW PANE 18Tli C. CHINESE EXPORT PORCELAIN, OLIVE BOTTLE GLASS, ENGLISH STONEWARE, CREAMWARE 233 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 36 Section 5- Results The Ottery Group Site 44FK1077 is a large multi-component site measuring 240m-x-165m (Figure 5.1). The site was much less concentrated than site 44FK1076, and included 79 positive STPs out of 182. A total of 62 baseline and 17 radial STPs contained cultural material. A total of 168 artifacts were recovered from the site, an average of 2.04 artifacts per positive STP and an overall density of 0.92 artifacts per STP within the site boundary (Tables 5.2 and 5.3). Five STPs contained only historic period artifacts while 63 contained exclusively pre- contact lithic artifacts. A total of 11 STPs contained both. The majority of the artifacts were pre-contact Native American lithic debitage (Table 5.2). Of the 145 pre- contact artifacts present, 94 consisted of angular shatter from the locally-occurring chert. A total of 41 chert flakes were recovered, including 1 primary and 40 secondary flakes. Six fire cracked rock (FCR) indicate a potential hearth or remnant of lithic material extraction. One core was also present, also composed of local chert. One lithic tool was recovered from Site 44FK1077. It is a broken or use-worn projectile point refashioned into a hafted scraper. The contracting stem is consistent with Late Archaic and Early Woodland point types (Figure 5.4). Two additional diagnostic artifacts were recovered from the site, both Native American ceramic fragments. One heavily carbonized small sherd is a sand-tempered ceramic with a bright orange paste, possibly Accokeek. The other is a hard fired ceramic with a micaceous paste similar to Moyaone. The pre- contact component is interpreted as a resource extraction site. With the large quantity of debitage present, it would appear that lithic extraction is the primary function, although the overall lack of primary flakes present is inconsistent with quarrying activity. The presence of the springhead makes the location favorable for a hunting camp or the harvesting of plant resources that would be found in that environment. The historic component of Site 44FK1077 consists of 23 artifacts from 16 STPs (Table 5.3). Of these, 9 were ceramics of varieties recovered from Site 44FK1076, lead glazed redware and green feather-edged pearlware, and one was a machine-cut nail. The artifacts were found near the springhead and may represent an outbuilding associated with the domestic occupation at Site 44FK1076, possibly a springhouse. Three brick fragments and two fragments of mold-blown bottle glass may also be associated as there are no other known structures on the property. Seven artifacts, 6 fragments of barbed wire and a fence staple are associated with the current land use. One piece of 20th century floor tile is an outlier that does not fit in with the assemblage. Table 5.2: Pre-Contact Artifacts Recovered from Site 44FK1077. Category Artifact Count Debitage Chert shatter 94 Chert secondary flake 41 Chert Core 1 Hafted Scraper 1 Early Woodland Ceramic 1 Late Woodland Ceramic 1 FCR 6 TOTAL 145 234 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 37 Section 5- Results The Ottery Group Table 5.3: Historic Period Artifacts Recovered from Site 44FK1077. Group Category Artifact Count Start Date End Date Kitchen Ceramics Pearlware- Feather-Edged 3 1790 1815 Redware- Lead Glazed 6 1750 1900 Glass Bottle Glass- Mold Blown 2 1700 1850 Architectural Ceramic Brick (not wire cut) 3 1700 1880 Floor Tile 1 1900 2000+ Metal Machine-cut Nail 1 1790 1880 Activities Metal Barbed Wire 6 1870 2000+ Fence Staple 1 1870 2000+ TOTAL 230 Figure 5.4: Selected pre-contact artifacts from Site 44FK1077. EARLY WOODLAND CERAMIC LATE WOODLAND CERAMIC LATE ARCHAIC-EARL y WOODLAND PROJECTILE POINT REWORKED INTO SCRAP R BEEKMANTOWN CHERT PRIMARY FLAKE 235 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 38 Section 5- Results The Ottery Group Site 44FK1078 is a large scatter of lithic artifacts measuring 90m-x-110m located in the northeastern part of the project area, extending off the project area into Apple Valley Road (Figure 5.1). A total of 35 positive STPs, 26 baseline STPs and 9 radial STPs together yielded 74 lithic artifacts (Table 5.4). The 2.1 artifacts per positive STP is similar to Site 44FK1077. No historic period artifacts were present. The artifact assemblage yielded high quantities of chert shatter (n=31) and secondary flakes (n-22), and two primary flakes, one chert and one quartzite. Nearly 25% of the artifacts from the site were FCR. One tested cobble was also found. None of the artifacts collected from Site 44FK1078 were temporally diagnostic. Given the presence of rock outcrops on the property, the site function is presumed to be lithic extraction. Table 5.4: Artifacts recovered from Site 44FK1078. Category Artifact Count Debitage Chert shatter 31 Chert primary flake 1 Chert secondary flake 22 Quartzite secondary flake 1 Tested Cobble 1 FCR 18 TOTAL 74 Site 44FK1079 is the smallest of the sites encountered within the project area (Figure 5.1). It measures 15m- x-60m and consists of four consecutive positive STPs. The site yielded 7 lithic artifacts: 3 chert shatter and 4 chert secondary flakes. No temporally artifacts were recovered. No historic period artifacts were present. The site is a nondiagnostic lithic scatter. Table 5.5: Artifacts recovered from Site 44FK1079. Category Artifact Count Debitage Chert Shatter 3 Chert Secondary Flake 4 TOTAL 7 Site 44FK1080 is a moderate sized scatter of lithic artifacts recovered from the north side of the artificial pond (Figure 5.1). The site measures 30m-x-90m and contained 13 positive STPs, including 4 baseline and 9 radial STPs. The site yielded 28 lithic artifacts: 15 chert shatter, 6 chert secondary flakes, 5 FCR, 1 tested cobble, and one potential nutting stone. No temporally diagnostic artifacts were recovered. No historic period artifacts were present. The site is interpreted as a resource procurement site. The presence of a nutting stone may indicate the processing of vegetable fibers harvested from the drainage. Table 5.6: Artifacts recovered from Site 44FK1080. Category Artifact Count Debitage Chert Shatter 15 Chert Secondary Flake 6 Nutting Stone 1 Tested Cobble 1 FCR 5 TOTAL 28 236 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 39 Section 5- Results The Ottery Group Figure 5.5: Selected pre-contact artifacts from Site 44FK1080. 5.2 Metal Detection Following the STP survey, a systematic metal detection survey was conducted within all areas of the APE that was clear enough of vegetation to undertake this part of the survey. The metal detector survey was conducted in order to determine whether resources associated with the Battlefields of First and Second Kernstown were present within the project area. Maps of troop placement and movement during the battle (Figure 3.2) do not indicate that the project area was part of the field of war, although there appears to have been pickets along historic fence lines just to the north, including one on the property directly north of the project area and the property directly west of the project area may have been used by the Union troops (Figure 3.2). While they are effective guides to interpret general movements, battlefields are chaotic situations. The presence of artifacts is the most accurate determination of whether the battle extended into the project area. Historic accounts do mention the movement of both Confederate and Union troops across the project area. Metal detection was conducted within the field that borders on Virginia Route 37, Middle Road, and Apple Valley Road. Historic maps indicate that the modern property lines were likely the same, as a fence line and Apple Valley Road and Middle Road are shown on the 1885 map that matches the current edge of the project area (Figure 3.4). It is likely that any battle-related activity would be encountered in this location if present within the project area as this was the closest Union picket at Sandy Ridge to the project area. Similarly, the open areas along Apple Valley Road where Confederate troops may have been mustered through were also survey. Metal detector survey was oriented to the STP grid. Transects were examined every 15m, with a sweep 2m wide. Once the grid was completed in a north to south direction along each transect transects were run in between the preceding STP transect and the next. POSSIBLE NUTTING STONE (TOP LEFT)AND DEBITAGE FROMAV-5 237 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 40 Section 5- Results The Ottery Group Figure 5.6: Results of metal detector survey. b TARGETS FROM METAL DETECTOR SURVEY (TABLE 5.7) • NAIL CLUSTER IN SITE AV-1 (TABLE 5.8) FEET 238 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 41 Section 5- Results The Ottery Group A total of seven targets, areas where metal objects were identified, were present, yielding 43 artifacts (Figure 5.4, Table 5.7). The collected material is indicative of farming activity through the 19th and 20th centuries, evidenced by tractor drawn plow elements and horse furniture as well as more modern mechanical parts. A cluster of beer cans was in the north field along the ridge as well as another adjacent to the springhead on the property. Tractor parts and a horse harness buckle were located adjacent to Virginia Route 37 across from the historic Fullerton farm complex. An iron harness ring and a broken 20th century cast steel plow blade were recovered at the edge of the historic homestead site in a small area that had been plowed, this is located down an access road off Apple Valley presently used by the tenant cattle rancher to move livestock. The broken plow tip was located within 25 meters of one of the numerous dolostone outcrops across the majority of the project area. Table 5.7: Results of metal detector survey. Northing Easting Description 39.14182 78.20775 Cluster of aluminum cans 39.14166 78.20789 Cluster of aluminum cans 39.14116 78.20173 Cast steel/ nondiagnostic 39.14086 78.20798 Cast steel plow part (tip broken off) 39.14028 78.20832 Iron harness ring 39.13906 78.20806 Aluminum beer can 39.13761 78.20787 Coca Cola aluminum can 39.13677 78.20714 Iron horse harness buckle (late 19th to early 20th century) 39.13675 78.20712 Steel tractor part (20th century) No Civil War-era artifacts were encountered during the metal detector survey. The current tenant of the property, who has collected the property with a local metal detecting/relic hunting club, reported finding multiple artifacts, including a cluster of Confederate Block I and C buttons from the northern end of the property as well as numerous George II coins, George III coins, and pewter and cast copper alloy buttons from the vicinity of Site 44FK1076. In his opinion, they had “picked this place clean.” Particular care was taken in the areas that had previously yielded artifacts to ensure 100% coverage. No additional material was recovered from the area where the military artifacts were recovered. Several hits were encountered within the boundaries of Site 44FK1076 (Figure 5.4, Table 3.8). The investigation of the 11 targets resulted in the recovery of 73 artifacts, many of which were non-ferrous artifacts found while searching for the metal hits, including manganese mottled ware, Buckley ware, creamware, pearlware, and 18th century porcelain. The systematic metal detector survey in this area produced 7 cast iron 18th or early 19th century pot or kettle fragments, as well as hand-forged and early cut nails. These artifacts are represented in the artifact tables for Site 44FK1076 in Table 5.1. Table 5.8: Metal detection results within Site 44FK1076. Latitude Longitude Metal Object Other Artifacts Collected Date Range 39.13942 78.20866 Cast iron fragment 1 Creamware, 2 Pearlware (1 early polychrome), 2 Lead glaze redware, 4 unglazed redware. 1770-1850 39.13953 78.20865 Hand-forged nail 2 Lead glazed redware fragments 1735-1850 39.13941 78.20863 Cast iron fragment 1 Pearlware, 1 Lead glazed redware, 1 Transfer pearlware, 1 Fcr 1790-1830 39.13964 78.20865 Hand-forged nail 1 Creamware, 2 Lead glazed redware, 1 Mottled tan stoneware, 1 Late 18th c. wine 1770-1820 239 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 42 Section 5- Results The Ottery Group Latitude Longitude Metal Object Other Artifacts Collected Date Range glass, 2 18th c. Porcelain (lead overglaze possible English) 39.13924 78.20824 Cast iron fragment 3 Lead glazed redware, 1 Unglazed redware 1735-1850 39.13947 78.20872 Cast iron fragment 2 Buckley redware, 1 Astbury redware, 2 Brick fragments, 2 Oyster fragments, 1 Burnt bone fragment, 2 18th Century wine bottle, 1 Creamware 1740-1850 39.13969 78.20856 Cast iron pot fragment 1 Aqua glass medicine bottle fragment 1760-1790 39.13968 78.20966 1 Early Machine-cut Nail, 1 Hand-forged nail 2 Creamware, 2 Pearlware, 2 Lead glaze mottled manganese redware, 1 Grey bodied stoneware, 3 brick fragments, 5 mortar fragments, 1 window glass fragment (thin blue), 1 Oyster shell 1740-1850 39.13969 78.20851 2 Wrought iron nails NA 1740-1850 39.13952 78.20869 1 Hand-forged nail, 1 Cast iron kettle fragment 1 Buckley type redware, 1 Lead glazed redware, 1 Unglazed redware 1735-1850 39.13974 78. 20850 Possible 18th c. linen/ dowry chest lockplate cover 3 Unglazed redware 1735-1850 5.3 Discussion This historic period assemblage from Site 44FK1076 has a chronological range from 1750 to 1880. No machine-made glass was recovered during any part of the survey indicating a 18th century start date to the historic occupation of the site. The bulk of the artifacts recovered have a date range from 1770 to 1830. The earliest historic artifacts could date as early as 1740 or around the time that Kernstown was established. Cast iron pots and kettles began to be manufactured just a few miles southwest of the APE after the French and Indian War. It is thought that this site represents the establishment of a farmstead shortly after the French and Indian War and was abandoned just before or after the American Civil War with no later contamination or dumping on the site. The APE shows very little evidence of agriculture in the form of wheat cultivation, but as the name of the road, Apple Valley implies this area was historically linked to orchards and grazing herding animals. Four pre-contact Native American sites are present within the project area. The Native American artifact assemblage included 394 artifacts composed of two different materials. The project area is situated atop numerous outcrops of the Beekmantown chert. Of the 394 pre-contact Native American Artifacts 317 are chert shatter consistent with source material testing, 61 represent secondary flakes made of the local chert with only one primary flake of this material identified. The lack of primary stage debitage is likely due to the Beekmantown chert being mostly tabularly bedded in the host Beekmantown dolostone with round nodules being uncommon. Hammerstones recovered within the APE are comprised of rounded quartzite cobbles from further away in the Opequon Creek drainage and appear to be brought into the area. Flakes of quartzite were uncommon within the APE with one primary and one secondary flake recovered. Two fragments of Native American ceramic were encountered during the survey. Although one was too small to reliably identify, the color of the paste and sand inclusions in the temper suggest an Early Woodland Accokeek ceramic, while the larger hard-pasted sherd with micaceous sand in the temper is similar to the Late Woodland Moyaone ceramic. The only flaked tool recovered was a reworked projectile point fashioned into a hafted scraper. The original tool was either broken or use-worn. The contracting stem of the original tool is still intact, suggesting a Late Archaic or Early Woodland date. The interpreted function of the pre-contact 240 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 43 Section 5- Results The Ottery Group sites is the extraction of lithic material from the outcrops present within the project area or the wetland plants that would have been present in the vicinity of the drainage. 241 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 44 Section 5- Results The Ottery Group 242 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 45 Section 6- Conclusions and Recommendations The Ottery Group 6.0 Conclusions and Recommendations The Ottery Group conducted an archeological survey of the 71.85-acre Apple Valley Road Tract, which is planned for future development. The archeological survey was conducted by Winchester Gateway, LLC, during development planning. A total of 1,580 STPs were excavated during the archeological survey. The testing resulted in 197 positive test pits; 144 positive shovel test pits of chert debitage and tool fragments associated with pre-contact Native American land use and 53 positive test pits containing historic period artifacts dating from the mid-18th through 20th centuries. A total of five archeological sites were identified on the property during the Phase I survey. These were designated 44FK1076 to 44FK1080. A metal detection survey was conducted within the project area due to the proximity of the National Register- eligible Kernstown Battlefield (034-0007) which was expanded to include the project area in 2011. The scope of the metal detector survey was limited due to the brushy conditions. A total of 7 metal objects were recovered from 11 targets, with 20th and 21st century aluminum beverage cans noted but not collected. No military artifacts were found, although local residents described collecting Civil War material from the property in the past. Supplemental metal detecting conducted within the boundaries of Site 44FK1076 resulted in the recovery of 73 additional artifacts from the 18th and 19th century occupation of the site. 6.1 Recommendations Site 44FK1076 is a dense cluster of 18th and 19th century domestic artifacts, possibly associated with the David Glass, Sr. homestead. Glass purchased the property in 1749 and appears to have remained in the family for three generations, until approximately 1850. The site is relatively intact and does not contain later 20th century materials. A wide variety of ceramics recovered from the site suggests a long duration of habitation, and the potential for encountering intact features is high. Metal detection within the site resulted in the recovery of additional artifacts. A Phase II investigation is recommended to establish the National Register eligibility of the site. Site 44FK1077 is a large moderately dense scatter of pre-contact Native American lithic artifacts with a light scatter of 18th to 19th century domestic artifacts focused around a springhead. The majority of the lithic artifacts recovered consist of local Beekmantown chert shatter. The site yielded one lithic tool, a nondiagnostic hafted scraper. Two fragments of unidentified pre-contact ceramic were also recovered. The pre-contact component is interpreted as a repeated use during the Woodland period for lithic extraction. The historic materials are likely associated with the more concentrated site 44FK1076 directly to the north of it and may represent a springhouse or other outbuilding. The ephemeral nature of the site suggests that intact cultural deposits are unlikely. Based upon the presence of Native American tools and ceramics as well as 18th century material culture, a Phase II investigation is recommended to establish the National Register eligibility of the site. Site 44FK1078 is a low density scatter of pre-contact lithic material similar to Site 44FK1077. No tools or diagnostic artifacts were recovered from the site. The site is interpreted as a lithic extraction site with a long duration or repeated use. The site is not considered to meet the criteria as a significant archeological resource and no additional testing is recommended. Site 44FK1079 is a small scatter of pre-contact lithic material consisting of seven artifacts. No tools or diagnostic artifacts were recovered. If the site was not identified in proximity to sites 44FK1077 and 44FK1078, no site function would be possible due to the limited size and artifacts. It is likely that the site is a 243 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 46 Section 6- Conclusions and Recommendations The Ottery Group resource extraction site. The site is not considered to meet the National Register criteria for research potential and no additional testing is recommended. Site 44FK1080 is a cluster of pre-contact lithic artifacts found on the north of the cattle pond, and along the original spring running through the property. The site contained a moderate density of artifacts, none of which are chronologically diagnostic. The artifact assemblage is consistent with the other Native American sites within the project area. The only anomalous artifact was a possible nutting stone, which suggests that the site may be more than a short-term resource extraction camp. The site is not considered to be a significant archeological resource and no additional testing is recommended. 244 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 47 Section 6- Conclusions and Recommendations The Ottery Group 7.0 References Cited Andrefsky, William 1998 Lithics: Macroscopic Approaches to Analysis. Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Beck, Brandon H. and Charles S. Grunder. 1988 The Battles of Winchester, Country Publishers, Inc., Berryville, VA. Caldwell, J. R. 1958 Trend and Tradition in the Prehistory of the Eastern United States. Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers, Volume 10. Springfield, Illinois. Carbone, V. 1976 Environment and Prehistory in the Shenandoah Valley. Ph.D. Dissertation, Catholic University of America. Cartmell, Thomas K. 1963 Shenandoah Valley Pioneers and Their Descendants: A History of Frederick County, Virginia. Winchester, VA: Eddy Press, 1909; Chesapeake Book Company. Berryville, VA. Couper, William 1952 History of the Shenandoah Valley. 3 volumes, Lewis Historical · Publishing Co. NY. Custer J. F. 1984 Delaware Prehistoric Archeology: An Ecological Approach. University of Delaware Press, Newark, DE. 1989 Prehistoric Cultures of the Delmarva Peninsula: An Archeological Study. University of Delaware Press. Newark, Delaware. Custer, J. F. and E. B. Wallace 1982 Patterns of Resource Distribution and Archeological Settlement Patterns in the Piedmont Uplands of the Middle Atlantic Region. North American Archeologist 3:139-172. Dent, Richard 1995 Chesapeake Prehistory: Old Traditions New Directions, Plenum Press, New York, New York. Edwards, David 1985 "An Evaluation of Architectural and Archaeological Resources in Frederick County, Virginia." The Valley Region Historic Preservation Plan. The Division of Historic Landmarks. Richmond, VA. Emory, Samuel T., Jr. 1964 "The Economic Geography of Clarke and Frederick counties, Virginia." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Maryland. College Park, MD. Foote, William Henry 1855 Sketches of Virginia, Historical and Biographical. W.S. Martien: Philadelphia. 245 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 48 Section 6- Conclusions and Recommendations The Ottery Group Gardner, W. M. 1974 The Flint Run Paleo-Indian Complex: Pattern and Process During the Paleo-Indian to Early Archaic. In Flint Run Paleo-Indian Complex: A Preliminary Report, 1971-1973 Seasons, edited by W. M. Gardner, pp. 5-47. Occasional Publication No. 1, Catholic University Archeology Laboratory, Washington, D. C. 1975 Archaeological Reconnaissance of the Arundel Expressway (Maryland Route 648, Maryland Route 100, and Interchange at Maryland Route 100) in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. On file at the Maryland Historic Trust in Crownsville, Maryland. 1977 Flint Run Paleo-Indian Complex and Its Implications for Eastern North American Prehistory. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 288:257-263. 1979 Paleo-Indian Settlement Pattern and Site Distribution in the Middle Atlantic (preliminary version). Paper on file at The Catholic University Archeology Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 1980 The Archaic. Paper presented at the Middle Atlantic Archeological Conference, Dover, DE. Geier, Clarence and Warren Hofstra 1991 An Archeological Survey of and Management Plan for Cultural Resources in the Vicinity fo the Upper Opequon Creek. On file, Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Richmond, Virginia. Handsman, R. G. and C. W. McNett 1974 The Middle Woodland in the Middle Atlantic: Chronology, Adaptation, and Contact. Paper presented at the 1974 Middle Atlantic Archeological Conference, Baltimore, MD. Hart, Freeman 1942 The Valley of Virginia in the American Revolution. University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill, NC. Hofstra, Warren R. 1983 "Settlement Patterns in the Lower Shenandoah Valley." In Alexandria: Empire to Commonwealth, edited by James A. Braden. Northern Virginia Community College. Alexandria, VA. 1989 "The Opequon Inventories, 1749-1796." Ulster Folklife 35: 42-71. 1990 "Land, Ethnicity, and Community at Opequon Settlement, Virginia, 1730-1800." Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 98 (July): 423-48. Hofstra, Warren R. and Clarence R. Geier 1996 Beyond the Great Blue Mountain: Historical Archaeology and 18th Century Settlement in Virginia West of the Blue Ridge. In The Archaeology of 18th Century Virginia, Theodore R. Reinhart, editor, pp. 209-240. Archaeological Society of Virginia 35. Holmes, Robert L. and David L. Wagner 1987 Soil Survey of Frederick County, Virginia. USDA. Washington, D.C. Hornum, Michael B. 2022 Phase I Archeological Investigation of Newly Acquired Lands (Burrows Tract), Cedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historic Park, Frederick County, Virginia. 246 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 49 Section 6- Conclusions and Recommendations The Ottery Group Jennings, Francis 1978 Susquehannock. In Northeast, edited by Bruce Trigger. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 15, William Sturtevant, gen. Ed. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Kercheval, Samuel 1973 A History of the Valley of Virginia. Winchester, Va.: s. H. Davis, 1833; 5th ed. Shenandoah Publishing House. Strasburg, VA. Lake, D. J. 1885 An Atlas of Frederick County, Virginia. D.J. Lake and Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. McMaster, Richard K. 1997 Religion, Migration, and Pluralism: A Shenandoah Valley Community, 1740-1790. In Diversity and Accommodation: Essays on the Cultural Composition o f the Virginia Frontier, Michael Puglisi, editor. University of Tennessee Press: Knoxville. McNett, C. W. Jr. 1985 The Shawnee-Minisink Site: An Overview. In Shawnee-Minisink, A Stratified Paleoindian-Archaei Site in the Upper Delaware Valley in Pennsylvania, edited by C. W. McNett Jr., pp.321-325, Academic Press, New York. Norris, J.E. (editor) 1890 History of the Lower Shenandoah Valley. A. Warner & Company, Chicago, Illinois. Persson, A. 2004 The Archaeology of Opequon Creek: Religion, Ethnicity, and Identity in the Material Culture of an Eighteenth-Century Immigrant Community and Community, Frederick County. Frederick County, Virginia. William and Mary MA thesis. South, Stanley A. 1977 Method and Theory in Historical Archeology. Academic Press, New York. United States Department of Agriculture- National Resources Conservation Services (USDA-NRCS) 2022 Online Soil Database. Electronic document, http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/, accessed May 31, 2022. United States Geological Survey (USGS) 2019 Middletown Quadrangle, Virginia. 1:24,000. 7.5 Minute Series. USGS, Washington D.C. Varle, Charles 1809 Map of Frederick, Berkeley, and Jefferson Counties in the State of Virginia. Virginia Department of Historic Resources (VDHR) 2009 Guidelines for Conducting Archeological Survey in Virginia. Wayland, John W. 1907 The German Element in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Mitchie. Charlottesville, VA. Witthoft, J. 1953 Broad Spear Points and the Transitional Period Cultures. Pennsylvania Archeologist 23(1):4-31. 247 The Ottery Group Appendix A: Artifact Catalog 248 The Ottery Group 249 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 52 Artifact Catalog The Ottery Group STP CATALOG Site N E Radial Description 5085 3150 fcr/ 1 flake 5100 3165 shatter 44FK1077 5160 3000 shatter 5160 3045 shatter 44FK1077 5175 2970 shatter 44FK1077 5175 3000 shatter/ 1 flake 5175 3120 1 flake 5175 3270 1 flake 44FK1077 5190 2970 shatter 44FK1077 5190 2985 shatter 44FK1077 5190 3000 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5205 2970 shatter 44FK1077 5205 3000 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5205 3000 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5205 3015 shatter 44FK1077 5220 2940 1 flake 44FK1077 5220 3000 shatter 5235 2895 fcr/ shatter 44FK1077 5235 2925 shatter ------------- 250 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 53 Artifact Catalog The Ottery Group Site N E Radial Description 44FK1077 5235 2940 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5235 2970 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5235 2985 shatter 5235 3135 shatter 5235 2955a shatter 5235 2955b shatter 44FK1077 5250 2985 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5250 3030 shatter 44FK1077 5250 3045 shatter 5250 3150 1 flake 44FK1080 5257.5 3360 R 1 Fcr, 1 flint shatter, 1 flint flake 44FK1080 5257.5 3375 R 1 Thermaly altered quatrzite worked cobble 44FK1080 5257.5 3390 R 4 flint shatter 44FK1077 5265 2940 shatter 44FK1077 5265 2955 1 flake 44FK1077 5265 2970 shatter 44FK1077 5265 2985 shatter 44FK1077 5265 3015 barbed wire 5265 3090 1 flake 44FK1080 5265 3345 hearth slag/ 1 flake 44FK1080 5265 3352.5 R 1 Fcr 44FK1080 5265 3352.5 R 3 flint shatter 44FK1080 5265 3360 cupstone/ 1 flake 44FK1080 5265 3375 fcr/ shatter 44FK1080 5265 3390 shatter 44FK1080 5265 3412.5 R 1 flint flake ------------- 251 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 54 Artifact Catalog The Ottery Group Site N E Radial Description 44FK1080 5272.5 3390 R 1 flint shatter, 2 flint flakes 44FK1080 5272.5 3405 R 3 flint shatter 44FK1080 5277.5 3375 R 1 flint shatter, 2 Fcr 44FK1077 5280 2940 barded wire 44FK1077 5280 2955 shatter 44FK1077 5280 2970 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5295 2925 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5295 2940 shatter 44FK1077 5295 2955 shatter 44FK1077 5295 2970 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5295 3015 shatter/ 1 flake 5295 3075 hammerstone/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5302.5 2895 R 1 Large iron staple, 1 chert flake 44FK1077 5310 2887.5 R 3 flint shatter 44FK1077 5317.5 3000 R Barbed wire 44FK1077 5325 2880 1 flake 44FK1077 5325 2895 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5325 2925 1 flake/ 1 worked core 44FK1077 5325 2970 barded wire 44FK1077 5325 2985 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5325 3030 shatter 5325 3180 shatter 44FK1077 5340 2880 1 cut nail/ shatter 44FK1077 5340 2910 1 great flake 44FK1077 5340 2925 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5340 2925 2 flakes ------------- 252 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 55 Artifact Catalog The Ottery Group Site N E Radial Description 44FK1077 5340 2925 3 glazed redware/ shatter/ fcr 44FK1077 5340 2940 1 glass/ shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5340 2977.5 R Barbed wire 44FK1077 5340 3000 1 flake/ 1 glass/ barbed wire 44FK1077 5340 3015 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5355 2880 shatter 44FK1077 5355 2910 fcr/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5355 2925 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5355 2925 shatter/ 3 pearlware (green featheredge) fragments/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5355 2955 shater/ 1 redware fragment 44FK1077 5355 2970 1 lead glazed redware fragment/ 2 flakes/ shatter 44FK1077 5355 2985 1 flake 44FK1077 5362.5 2925 R 1 flint shatter, 1 flint flake 44FK1077 5362.5 2970 R 1 Lead glazed redware, 5 shatter 44FK1077 5370 2880 1 flake/ 1 prehistoric ceramic fragment 44FK1077 5370 2885 shatter 44FK1077 5370 2887.5 R 3 Fcr, 1 20th c. floor tile, 1 Flint flake 44FK1077 5370 2902.5 R 4 flint shatter 44FK1077 5370 2910 shatter/ 1 lead glazed redware fragment 44FK1077 5370 2925 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1077 5370 2932.5 R 4 flint shatter 44FK1077 5370 2955 1 flake 44FK1077 5370 2962.5 R 4 flint shatter, 1 flint flake 44FK1077 5370 2970 shatter 44FK1077 5370 2977.5 R 9 flint shatter 44FK1077 5370 2977.5 R 4 flint shatter, 1 Stalactite, 1 flint flake ------------- 253 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 56 Artifact Catalog The Ottery Group Site N E Radial Description 44FK1077 5377.5 2895 R 2 flint shatter 44FK1077 5377.5 2925 R 1 flint shatter, 1 flint flake 44FK1077 5377.5 2940 R 3 flint shatter 44FK1077 5377.5 2955 R 4 flint shatter, 1 flint flake 44FK1077 5385 2887.5 R 1 Fcr, 1 cobble 44FK1077 5385 2910 shatter 44FK1077 5385 2985 shatter/ 1 flake 5385 3045 shatter/ 1 flake 5385 3150 shatter 5385 3195 shatter/ 1 flake 5385 3225 hammerstone/ 1 flake 5385 3285 shatter 5385 3300 shatter/ 1 flake 5385 3315 shatter 44FK1077 5392.5 2895 R 3 flint shatter 44FK1077 5400 2940 1 lead glazed redware fragment 44FK1077 5430 2955 3 brick fragments/ shatter 44FK1077 5430 2985 Prehistoric ceramic/ 1 flake 5430 3090 1 aqua inkwell glass fragment 44FK1079 5430 3180 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1079 5430 3195 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1079 5430 3210 1 flake 44FK1079 5430 3225 shatter/ 1 flake 5445 2970 1 creamware fragment 44FK1076 5467.5 2910 R English saltglazed stoneware 44FK1076 5467.5 2925 R 1 Unglazed redware ------------- 254 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 57 Artifact Catalog The Ottery Group Site N E Radial Description 44FK1076 5475 2902.5 R 1 Lead glazed redware, 1 unglazed redware, 1 Wrought iron nail 44FK1076 5475 2917.5 R 2 Lead glazed redware, 4 Unglazed redware, 1 Pearlware 44FK1076 5475 2925 1 pearlware fragment/ 1 pipestem fragment/ 3 lead glazed redware fragments/ 7 unglazed redware fragments/ 2 brick fragments 44FK1076 5475 2932.5 R 1 Buckley type redware, 2 Unglazed redware, 2 Pearlware (1 early polychrome), 1 Creamware 44FK1076 5475 2940 1 aqua glass fragment/ 1 glazed redware fragment/ 3 unglazed redware fragments 44FK1076 5475 2947.5 R 2 Buckley type redware, 2 Lead glazed redware, 1 unglazed redware, 1 quartz flake 44FK1076 5482.5 2910 R 1 Wrought nail, 1 Cut nail, 7 Lead glazed redware, 2 Unglazed redware, 1 mortar, 1 18th c. medicine bottle glass, 1 Pearlware 44FK1076 5482.5 2940 R 1 Lead glazed redware, 1 unglazed redware, 1 burnt bone 44FK1076 5490 2910 2 wrought nails/ 6 lead glazed redware fragments/ 2 unglazed redware fragments/ 2 pieces of pearlware/ 1 creamware fragment/ 1 cylinder window glass fragment 44FK1076 5490 2925 1 pearlware fragment/ 1 cut nail/ 3 redware fragments, animal tooth root 44FK1076 5490 2940 1 glazed redware fragment/ 1 unglazed redware fragment/ 1 creamware fragment 44FK1076 5497.5 2910 R 7 Brick, 2 Hearth slag, 3 Wrought iron nails, 1 Cut nail, 3 Pearlware (2 Green featheredge), 1 Lead glazed redware, 1 Cow tooth fragment 44FK1076 5497.5 2925 R 1 Wrought nail, 1 Cut nail, 2 burnt bone, 7 Unglazed redware, 8 Lead glazed redware (Redware rimsherd, copy of stoneware bottle), 2 Whiteware, 3 brick, 1 Late blue polychrome pearlware, 1 Cylinder window glass 44FK1076 5497.5 2940 R 2 Lead glazed redware, 3 Unglazed redware 44FK1076 5505 2910 1 wrought nail/ 3 lead glazed redware fragments/ 6 unglazed redware fragments/ 1 white ware fragment/ 2 wine glass fragments/ 2 cylinder window glass fragments/ 4 brick fragments/ 2 mortar fragments 44FK1076 5505 2925 1 transfer print fragment/ 1 pearlware fragment/ 3 unglazed redware fragments/ 1 aqua glass fragment/ 2 cut nails/ 5 brick fragments/ 1 slag/ 2 mortar fragments. 44FK1076 5505 2940 4 pearlware fragments/ 6 lead glazed redware fragments/ 7 unglazed redware fragments/ 1 cylinder window glass fragment/ 4 brick frgmnts 5505 2997.5 R 1 Unglazed redware, 1 stalactite 44FK1076 5520 2910 2 brick frgmts. ------------- 255 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 58 Artifact Catalog The Ottery Group Site N E Radial Description 44FK1076 5520 2925 brick frgmnt. 44FK1076 5520 2940 freeblown aqua bottle base fragment (1750-1800, Hume)/ 4 pieces lead glazed redware/ 1 piece bailing wire/ 1 pig tooth 5520 3015 shatter/ 1 flake 5520 3045 shatter 5520 3090 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1076 5527.5 2947.5 R 3 Flat iron fragments, 3 Lead glazed redware fragments, 3 Unglazed redware fragments 5535 3075 shatter/ 1 flake 5565 2925 1 flake 5565 3090 shatter/ 1 flake 5625 3165 shatter 5640 3105 1 flake 5640 3165 1 flake 5670 2940 worked core 5670 2950 shatter 5670 3060 shatter 5670 3090 shater/ 1 flake 5670 3165 shatter 5670 3180 shatter 5685 2910 1 flake 5685 2925 shatter 5685 2970 fcr/ shatter 5715 3015 1 flake 5715 3180 plastic/ stoneware/ whiteware 5730 3015 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1078 5775 2985 fcr/ shatter ------------- 256 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 59 Artifact Catalog The Ottery Group Site N E Radial Description 44FK1078 5775 3015 fcr/ shatter 44FK1078 5775 3030 fcr/ shatter 44FK1078 5775 3045 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1078 5775 3060 fcr/ shatter 44FK1078 5775 3075 shatter 44FK1078 5775 3090 fcr/ shatter 44FK1078 5797.5 3015 R 1 flint flake 44FK1078 5797.5 3022.5 R 1 Thermaly altered worked quartzite cobble/ 2 flint shatter 44FK1078 5797.5 3037.5 R 1 flint shatter 44FK1078 5797.5 3060 R 1 flint shatter, 1 quartzite flake 44FK1078 5805 2985 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1078 5805 2992.5 R 1 River cobble fcr 44FK1078 5805 3000 fcr/ shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1078 5805 3015 shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1078 5805 3030 fcr/ shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1078 5805 3030 fcr/ lithic collected from RW's stp on surface 44FK1078 5805 3045 fcr/ possible flakes 44FK1078 5805 3060 fcr/ 1 flake 44FK1078 5805 3075 fcr/ shatter/ 1 flake 44FK1078 5805 3090 fcr/ 1 flake 44FK1078 5812.5 3000 R 4 flint shatter, 1 flint flake 44FK1078 5812.5 3045 R 2 flint shatter, 1 quartzite cobble fcr, 3 flint flakes 44FK1078 5817.5 3030 R 2 flint shatter 44FK1078 5820 3030 shatter 44FK1078 5827.5 3045 R 1 flint cobble primary flake 44FK1078 5835 3000 fcr/ 1 flake ------------- 257 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 60 Artifact Catalog The Ottery Group Site N E Radial Description 44FK1078 5835 3045 fcr/ shatter 44FK1078 5835 3060 fcr/ 1 flake 44FK1078 5835 3075 fcr/ shatter 44FK1078 5835 3090 flake 44FK1078 5850 3030 fcr/ 1 flake 44FK1078 5850 3045 fcr/ 1 flake 44FK1078 5850 3075 fcr/ 1 flake 44FK1078 5865 3015 fcr/ 1 flake ------------- 258 The Ottery Group Appendix B: Archeological Site Forms 259 The Ottery Group 260 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 63 Archeological Site Forms The Ottery Group -..<u 11,!lU!.I Oq.iw.lt:11cnl '"'' 1-fr,(~•11': K..~11:t.·1:.,, .\'l'WIMl,~~l~~i;t,.•/lli Sn.,pshot ~it, .\'alllf1 ,,~ (111,.i,'1,..1~: ... _ .. ,;..,, Sktl:,p,<s:; Olb : UlitU V: r ~e~ra..-:, D~tp1-M~: Wu1,:\1111l.! tt,,:i:;,,,.l:,.,,j -rl'Tl!.11ri•t<f .. 11 l'f rl',I 1 J'if..J ; l '.J.1 H'.,'11 h •O 111111! f11T.1med !w,,.J..; Lt~tl,;ina.l l af~l'IB:ttloo:t TIS(;.~ Qrul: •mlf;RR',"TF.e :-r~:Ul (b:uA1yl V III.., ,m,I 't>,I,"• ;!l)j (..ii ~ oi.u,l;lhdtptnb11r C i~: D to 1ti,;cr. \~,.N : Il t.!.ill.'lfe: ,..,,,, A,1,:0.,~,r l .1,Tidtl'll"ffl • (),. 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I• oli!,-!u o•r ~t•k ·-• on,,.,l "'l'1t"''" ._ f' li..tl lv<•1 I .,.1...,,:-«"'I -rnr ·l,in.-. .. lT n• 111."1'!',ifll'.'ltll'•···M •-,,fitlffll'! 1h..-·)" l.irt,\\'ll k,i'j ::, irnf,m':M n tril r frr t t 'f! n -.,.t', =Ap-~b pt¢"..e!Y.C cihlcn"Ul!u:)l u:.mn41 tli.:.l '\'(.'~b =ic~ln.:ail:,c.,M11C': x~f(II in~rlic k~ h 'lb ..u lO...:•:.-.Jw)'. 01.l)'v.ue fl" -.,;.utir:t :11•-latt .. u ,...,_.,.,"",~ J ~"';,.""1,.1;,-OJI:\' nu•Ii-1fiJ«.N\"41 ~11'.M'\= .-~., ?',11.wll::ll} -,.,;iii~ .-,tlu:;,!tipk l."11,u 1.UIU$Wlb: «,lkf~y l:rv !.mcc. M.:i r t.:a:i;; a1,,:, L:,~ 7,:,:-p {.'102'} ?CO.:t [/13:b:,)k!."!:...Sµr.~• oti:..: A~ ';.lt!.l:; P.ood Tr,1,:~ WM=. r ~:;~ad: Cc:~/. Vit;,iuiA. C::.;!l.'IM-.""C !!Jr Winch.!,1(,7 G:::w,.r,:.Lc . t.i:.u:,,11 1 Dai•: .,.Af~f\1 261 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 64 Archeological Site Forms The Ottery Group Virginia Department of Hi storic Re source s Archaeological Site Record CR"\I Events Eve nt T ype: Survey:Phase I Projecr Shlff/Notes: Jay Lun.ze-crew chi ef Lyle Torp-principal inYestigator Karl Frnnz-archeologisr Proj ect Re view File iS umber: Sponsoring Organization: Org:1nizafio n/Company: In,·tstigator: Surny Date : Snney De scription : No Data No Data The one,y Group Lyle Torp 611612023 DHR ID: 44FK107 6 Plrn se I ard1eological survey of a 71 .85 -,1,cre trnct condt1cted prior 10 development of 1he property. Th e property fa ll s wi th in t11 e NR-eligible Kemstowu Bartlefield (2011 expansion). 1580 STPs were excavated at 15-meter and close in tervals. Metal detection was conducted across opeu porti ons of the property. 197 positive STP.s inc luding 144 wir h loc;:1 1 che11 debitage. Five sit es were identified during the smv ey. C urrent L:1ncl Usr Pasmre Threats to Re so urce: Site Conditions : S11r,·ey Strategies: Specimens Coll ected: S pecimens Obser"t'd, ~ot Colle cted: A rlifocls S ummar y a n d Diagnostics: D:1te of Un 712 1/2023 Commt'nts fonner pasn1re. overgrown. vacaur since approximately 2009 Deve lopment . Ernsion. Ne~lect Unknown Portion of Site Destroyed Metal Detection. Subsurfa ce T estiug:. Hi storic 1'.fap Projection Yes No Tbe recovered mareri:ll indicates a house site. A wide ,·adety of dia~nos tk c:-ernm.ics presem shows that the pe,riod of occupation was likely betweeo 1750 and 1830 . Severa l cu1ifacts recovered have a tenniual u se cL1te of the end of the first qua11er of the 19 th cenhlf)'. Additional Colonial•era artifac rs includi ng blowu window p::i ue c\ud olive green wine bottle fraft:1:Uent s wen• fou nd (Figure 5.3). Both haud•wrought and machine-cut nails were encoun tered. indicating that the site was bei ng improved until after 1810. There is negligible presence of later cu lm ral material that would indicate a cou1iu ua1ion of occupation iuto rbe lat e 191h or 201 h century. Only oue pre-couracr artifact wa s recovered. a secondary 0ake made of th e loca l Beekmantown chert . Si te AV-I ma y be rhe home of three !leuerations of th e Glass fami ly. Da vi d Gla ss (1728-1775) purchased rhe land tha1 includes 1he project area in I 749 . Upo n hi s death. it was pa ssed to his so u. David Glass 11 (1746-after 1789) and possibly David Gla ss ff s son Jollu (183 1-7) after that. A fenceline wir h remmmt s of a fie lds tone wa ll adjacent to site appears robe pm1 of a propert y boun<lc\1)' aligning 10 th e metes and bounds of the 1749 purchase. Litt le is known of this branch of the mucl.1 more famous Gbss family . de scendants ofwb.ich still live adjacent ro the property toda y. It is thong.ht th at Johu GlR SS. th e g.r.tudso n, m.ty have moved out of rhe Opequou Creek drain:1ge as so many pi oneers did to th e Kentucky or Ohio frontiers. As John left uo heirs hi s property may ha,1e reverted into the fami ly or been sold in the 1850s. Creamware-Uudecorated8 Pearlware-Undecorated 16 Pearlware· Polychrome] Pearlware-Feather-Edged2 Peal'lwa re· Transfer Priutedl Redware-Lead Gl azed62 Redware-Plain63 Redware-Other3 Buckley5 Astburyl ?\[ano:auese Mottled Wr1re2 \Vhiieware• Undecorated3 \V biteware-T rausfer Printed I Chinese Export Porcelain2 Gray Bodied D01uestic Stoneware l Eno:lish Browu Stoneware I BuiT Bodierl S toneware 1 Lead Glass Stemwa re2 Medicine Bottle4 Olive Ve ssel Glass -Free Bl own I B1icL: (not wire cut)33 Mo11orl0 Hond-forged Naill 6 Machine •cm Na il7 \Vind ow Pane (cyliucl er)6 Chen Secondaiy Flake I Summary of Specimens Obstrnd, Not Coll ccterl : No Data Arc h.1eological si te data is protected 1u1der tbe Archaeological Re so urce Protection Act (ARPA 1979). Pa~e: 2 of 3 262 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 65 Archeological Site Forms The Ottery Group Virginia Departm ent of Hi st01i c Reso urces Arclrneological Si1e Rec ord C urrent C nration Rep os it or y: Pernrnne nt C urntion Reposilory: field Notes: Field )foces R e1>osito ry: Photogrnphic Medi:t: Sun•e,y Report s : Sun1ey Re port fnform:1t ion: Ja y Lunze. Karl Franz. and Lyle Torp (202 3) The One1y Gro up. Si.I ver Spring. MD Artifacts to be re tumed to landowner Ye s The Oneiy Grou p. Silver Spring. MD Digital Yes DHR ID : 44FK1 0 76 Pha se I Arc heol ogical Survey of the Apple Valley Road Tract. \Vi uchester. Frederick County. Virginia Survey Re.,ort R e pos it ory: VCR] OHR Lib r ary RefeTence r\'u mber: Significa nce Statement: Surveyor's E li gibility R ec ommendfltions: Surveyor's ~R Crite ri:1 Recomme,nd:ttions: Surnyor's NR Criteri:1 Coo siderfltions: No Da ta ite A V-1 is a deu se clus ter of 18th and 19th century domestic nrtifac1 s. possibl y associated with rhe David Glass, Sr. home stead . Glass purchased the property in 1749 nnd appea rs to have remained in the family for three generations. until approx.im.ate ly I 50 . The site is relatively intact and does not contain later 20th century materials. A wide variety of cernmics rec overed fr om the site sugge sts a long duration of habitation. and th e pot ential for encomueriug intact fearures is high . Metal detection wit hin the site re sulled in 1he rec overy of additi onal artifacts. A Phase ll in vestigati on is recommended to estab lish the Nati onal Regi ster eligibility of the site . Recommended for Further Sui,:ey No Da ta No Da ta A.rchaeo log.ical site data is protected unde r the Archaeolo gical Re source Protection Act (.-\.RPA 197 9). Page : 3 of 3 263 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 66 Archeological Site Forms The Ottery Group 264 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 67 Archeological Site Forms The Ottery Group Virgin ia Department of Historic Re ource Arc haeological Site Record DHR ID : 44FK 10 77 Snapshot Date Generated: January 29, 2024 Sil e N:1me : Sil e C l:1 ssification : Ye-ar(s): it• Ty pe(s): Other OHR ID : Temporary Designation : No Dain T en-estria l. open air , 3000-120 1 B.C.E. 1200 B.C'.E . -299 C.E. IO00 - 1606.1751 -1789. 1790-1 29. 1830 -1 860 Lithi c procurement sit e. Outbuilding No Data No Dara Locational Information USGS Q uad : WINCHESTER Frede1ick (Co tmr y) Valley and Ridge 795 feet Counly/Independenl C it y: Phys iogrnp hi c Pro\"in ce: Elern tion : Aspect: Drninn ge: Slope: Acreage: L:ln<lfo rm : Ownership St:1tu s: Go,·crnment E ntity '.\":une: Site Components Compon ent I Fac:iug Sout hea st Potomac 2-6°0 5.460 Ridge Pri va te No Dala C:11egory : b\dust1y /Processin,lVE~u·ac ti on Site Type: Lith ic procu rement site C ultuul Affili:11ion: al'ive American C ulturnl Affili :Hi on Dern ii: No Da1.1 I Sit e EYalu ati on Status OHR Time Period: Late Archaic Peii od (3000 -1201 B.C.E ). Ea rl y Woodland (1200 B.C.E -299 C.E ). Late Woodland (1000 - 1606). Pre -Contact St:1rt Ye:1r: o Darn End Year: No Data Co mments: 142 lithi c artifacts Com pon ent 2 sh.uer (94). prinrn ,y fl ake s (I). second.1ry flakes (40). FCR (6). contracting stemmed po int (I) poss ib le Accokeek sherd (I) poss ib le Moyaone sherd (I) Category: Subsisteuce lAgriculture Site Ty pe : Ou1 buil diug C ultural Affili:1tion: Euro-Ame ri can C 11ltur11 l Affiliation De-t a il : , o Data OHR Time Pe ri od : Colony to Na ti on (I 751 -1789). Earl y Na tio nal Period (I 790 -I 829). Autebe llum Period (1830 -1860) tart Year: 1750 End Year: I 830 Co mments: poss ible sprin g.house associaled wi th the do mest ic occupation imm ediate ly to th e north . Fealher-edged pea rlware and lead glaze redware Are similar to wluu wa s recove red from th e adjacent si1 e. Histo1ic scalter is concent ra ted at a springhead . Some later material recovered (barbed wire. fe nce stapl e) is associated with 1he 20 th cenntry use as pa sttu-e rmher th au the earlier fanustead Arc haeological site data is protected und er th e Arc ha eo logical Re source Protection Act (ARPA 1979). Page : I of 4 265 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 68 Archeological Site Forms The Ottery Group Virginia Depar tmen t of Hi storic Reso urces Archaeo log.ical Sit e Rec ord Bibliographic Information Bi bli ography: Jay Lm1ze. Karl Fr,mz. and Ly le To1v (2 023) OHR ID: 44FK I077 Pha se I Archeologica l Survey oflhe App le Valle y R oad Trncl. \V iuches1er. Frederick County, Virginia . Conducted for Winchesier Ga teway, LLC . l n for nrnn t Darn: 'lo Da!:i Arclrneo log:i ca l site da ta is protec1ed tmder the Arc bneo logical Reso mce Pro1ection Act (ARPA 1979). Page : 2 o f 4 266 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 69 Archeological Site Forms The Ottery Group Virginia Department of Histori c Re sourc~s Archaeological Site Record CRMEveots Event Type : S urv ey:Ph ase I Proj c-c l St ~ffl:'Jo tcs: Ja y Lunze-crew chief Lyle Torp-principal investigator Karl Franz~ archeo logist P roj ec t Review Fil e ~nmbe .. ; S110nso ring O rga ni zation : O r ga nizat ion/Co mp a ny: lnvestig.i tol': S1.1 n 'cy Oalf': Sun·ey .Descriptio n: No Data No D:::ita The Ott e1y Group Lyle Torp 6116/2023 OHR ID: 44FKI077 Phase I archeologicaJ survey of a 7 1.85 -a cre tract condncte d prior to de ve lop ment of the property. The property fall s within lhe NR-eligible Kemslown Banlefidd (2011 expansiou). 158 0 STPs were excavaled ar 15-merer and dose intervals. l\1ern l detection wa s conducted ac ross ove n p01tions of the property. I 97 positiw STPs i.ncludin~ 1-+4 with local che11 debitage . Five sites were id entified during th e survey. C u r r ent Land Use Pa sture Thrt:lls to Resource,: Site Conditions: SutTey St ri:.t eg ies: Specimens Coll ec te-d: Spe-cimens O bsened~ No t Coll ec ted: Ar tifacts Summa ry a nd Di ngno~lic s: Dat e of t:se 7/21/2023 Com ments Over~own pa snire , appean; to have beeu last used in 2009 based on aerial photos Development. Erosion Unknown Po11ion of Site De strnyed ~letal Detecriou. Substuface Testin~. Historic l\lap Projection Yes No A total of 168 a11 ifa cts were recovered froru th e site. au average of 2.0-t anifacts. per positive STP and au over3 ll densiry of 0.92 artifacts per STP wit hin th e site boondRry (Tables ~.2 and 5.3). Five STPs conta ined only historic period a11 ifacts whi le 63 cont ained exdnsive ly pre•contact lithic a11ifocts. A total of 11 STPs coutair1ed both . The majority of the artifacts were pre-contact Nat ive Ame ri c;:m lithic debitage lTl'lble 5.2). Of the l.l5 pre-contact artifa cts present . 94 consisted of aug11J::1r shatrer from the locall y•occ mTing che11 . A total of 4 1 che11 flak es were recovered. iuc htding I prima1y aud 40 :'leco nclary fl akes. Six fire cracked roc k (FCR) indicate a potential he:u1h or remnant of lithic material extraction. One core was also present. also composed of local chert. One lith.i c tool was recovered from Site A V •2. It is a broken or nse•worn projectil e po int refashi oned int o a hafted sc raper. The contrnctiup: stem is consistent with Lare Arc haic and Early Woodland point rypes (F igure 5.4). Two additional diagnostic artifa cts were recovered from 1he site. both Native Ame1icm1 ceramic fragment s. One heavi ly carbonized small sherd is a s:md•tempered ceramic wirh a bright orange pa ste. possibly Accokeek. The other is a hard firt"d cerami c wi th a micaceous paste si mil ar to 1\loyaone. TI1e pre•conrn ct component is inte1preted as a resotu'ce extraction si1e. \\Tit h the large quantity of debitng.e present. it would appea r that lith ic extrac ti on is the primnry function. alth ough the overall lack of primary tfake s preseui is iuc ousi steul wi th q11m11•i11g :tc 1ivi1y. The p reseuce oftbe spriughead makes th e loc:::itiou favorable for a huutiug ciuup or tl1e harvestiug of plant reso urces that wo uld be fo und in that environment. The hi storic compoue nt of Si te AV•2 cousists of 23 artifacts from 16 STP s (Table 5.3). Of th ese. 9 were ce rnmics of varieti es recovered from Site AV- 1. lead glaze d redware and @-feeu feather-edp:ed pearlware. and one was a machine -cm nail. The art ifacts were foun d near th e spri.u g:head and may represent an out building. associated wi th th e domestic occupation at Site A V~L possibly a spring.house. Three brick fra~meuts and two fragments of mold-blown bottle ~la ss may also be associated as there are no other known strncttu'es on the property . Seven artifacts. 6 fragments of barbed wire and a fence staple are associate d wit h the current laud use . One piece of 20th century floor tile is an outlier that does not fit in with the assem bla ge. Chert shaner94 Chert secondarv flake.t I Chert Co re I - Hafled Scraper! Early \Voo<l land Cern mfr I La te \Voodlaud Cennui c 1 FCR6 Pearlware-Feath•r-Ed~•d3 Redware~ Lead Gkized6 Bonle Glass-Mold Dl own2 Brick (not wire cu1)3 Floor Til e I Machiue•cut Naill B,ubed \V ire6 Fence Staple l Summary of S11ec imens ObserYed, ~ot Co ll ec ted : No Dara C urrent Cur:Hion Repoft it ory : Archaeologica l site data is protected under th e .-\..rc haeological Resomce Protec-tion Act (ARPA 1979). Page: 3 of ~ 267 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 70 Archeological Site Forms The Ottery Group Vi rgi nia Departm ent of Hi toric Re so urces Archaeological Sit e Reco rd Perma ne nt C uration R e pos i1011•: Fi eld No tes : F ield No tes R e1>ository: Pbotogr:ipb ic Medi:t: Sur\'e y Re porls: Sur\'ey R ep orl Information : Jay Lunze. Karl Franz. and Ly le Torp (2023) A11ifac1 to be rehU1.1ed 10 landowner Yes The Ottery Group. Silver Spring. MD Digital Yes DHR ID: 44FK I077 Phase 1 Archeo logica l Smvey of th e Apple Va lley Road Tr.let. \Vin che ster. Frederic k COlu1ty. Vi rgini a Surn•y Re porl Rep os ilory: VCRIS OHR LilJrary Refe re nc e Number : No Datn Signific a nc e State me nt : Surnyo r 's Eli gibility Reco mm enrl :uions: Sur\'eyo r's ~R C rit eria R eco mm t ndations: Surnyo r 's :'\"R C rit eria Co nsiderations: Sire A V-2 is a large moderatel y dense sca n er of pre-con tact Na ti ve America n li t hie artifacts with a liglll sca tt er of 18th to 19th ce ntm)' domestic art ifac ts focused aro un d a spring.head . The mnj ori ry of the lithic art ifac ts recovered consist of loca l Beeknrnntowu che11 shatter. Tue si te yielded one li thic tool. a noud iagnosti c hafted scraper. Two fragments of 1miden ti fied pre-cont acl ceramic we re also recovered. The pre-c ont ac t component is interpreted .ts a repented use duri ng the Woodland period for li1hi c extrnction . Th e historic ma rerials are like ly associated with the mo re concentrated site A V-1 directl y to th e north of it and may represent n spring.ho use or oth er ombuil ding. The ephemera l uanire of the site suggests Th at int act cu ltura l deposi ts are unlikel y, Ba sed upon the pre se nce o f ative American tools and ceramics as well as 18th century material cu lnm~. a Pha se IT inves 1·iga 1ion is recommended toe rabl ish che Na 1i onnl Regi ster eligibil it y of th e si re. Recommended for Frn1her Smvey 0Da1:1 oData Arch aeological sit e data is protected under the Arc haeo logical Reso urce Protec ti on Act (ARPA 1979). Page; 4 of 4 268 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 71 Archeological Site Forms The Ottery Group Virginia Department of Hi sto,ic Re sources Arc haeologica l Site Reco rd DHR ID : 44FK1078 Snapshot Date Genera ted: January 29 , 2024 Sit e N:101e: Sil e Class ifi cation: Ye,u(s): Sile Ty pe(s): Other DHR ID: Tempor:try Des ignotion : No Darn T em~stria l. open air No Data Litl.tic procurement site No Data No Data Locational Information USG Quad: \VJNCHE TER fredeiick (County) Va ll ey and Ri dge 820 feet County/I ndepe nd ent Cil y: Phys iogr:tphic Pro,·in ce: E len,tion: As pec t: Drainage : Slope: Ac reage: L andform : Owncrshi1> S1atus: Gonrnment E ntity -X:une : I Site Components Component l Facing So uth Potomac 2·6°o 1.670 Ri dge P1iva1e oData C ategory : I11dust ry/Processiug/Extracti o11 Site Ty pe: Li1hic procmement si1e C ultural Affiliati on: Na1ive American C ultu ral Affili ation Detail : No Data OHR Tim" Period : Pre-Co ntact Sta rt Year: 'lo Dala End Yea r: No Data Comments : 74 lithi cs fr om 35 pos itive STPs I Sile Evn hrnc io n Srn tu s c he11 shauer (32). cherc prinrn,y fl ake (t ). chert secondary fl ake (22). q ua11zite secondary fl ake (I). FCR (18) Bibliographic Information Bibliography: no diagnos tic a11i fac 1s fay Luuze. Karl Frnnz. and Lyle-Torp (2023 ) Pha se I Ard1eolog.ica 1 Sun·ey of lh e Apple Valley Roa d Trac t. Wi nchester. Frederick Co unt y. Virginia. Conducted for Winchester Ga teway. LLC. In forman t D:'1111 : o Data Archaeolo!_l ica l site data is protected under the Archaeolog.ic<l l Resource Pro 1ec 1i on Ac t (ARPA 1979). Page: I of 2 269 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 72 Archeological Site Forms The Ottery Group Virginia Department of His toric Resources Archaeological Sire Record CRMEwnts Event Type: Survey :Phase I P roj ect Sta rr/No t es: fay Lunze-crew chief Lyle Torp-principal investigator Karl Fnmz· archeo logisr Proj ed Re\'iew File i\"umber : Sponso ring Orga niza ti on: Orgnn izntio n/Comp:1n y: lon•s ti ga to r: Suney Da te: Surny Du crip ti on : NoDM;i No Data The O~ery Group Lyle Torp 6/16/2023 DHR ID : 44FK l 078 Pha se I ard 1t"olo!!:ica l stuvey of a 71.85 -acl'e tract conducted prior to development of the prope11y. TI1e property fall s within the NR-e lig.ib le Kemstown Battlefield (20 1 l expansion). 1580 STPs were excavated at 15-meter and dose intervals. Metal det ec tion was conducted across open pol'tions of the properry . 197 positive STPs indudD.1~ 144 with local che11 debirnge. Fi ve sites we re idemified duri.11g. 1he surve y. Current L and Use Pa stme Threat s to Rn ourct': Sit e Conditions: Surny Strategies: Specim ens Coll ected: Speci mens Ob served, Not Coll ec t ed : Artifa cts Summary and Dia gnostic s: Diue of Use 7121 /2023 Co n1m ents ,No Data Development. Erosion Unkn ow n Port ion of Site Destroyed Meta l Detection. Subsurface T estiug, Hi storic l\fap Projection Yes No Sile AV-3 is a );'lrge scatrer of lit hic ar1 ifacts mea suring 90m-x-l 10111 located in 1he 11o r1hea s1em part of the projec t area, extemling off the project area imo Apple Va ll ey Road (Figure 5.1). A total of 35 positive STPs. 26 baseline STPs aud 9 radial STPs tog,.her yielded 74 lithic artifacts (Table 54). The 2.1 ar1ifac1s per positive STP is similar to Site A V•2. No hi storic pe1iod :u1ifacts were presenl . The artifact assemblage yielded high quantities of che11 s1urner (n=3 l ) a!ld seco 11da1y flake s (n-22 ). and two primary flake s. one che11 and one quartzite . Nearly 25-~o of the artifacts from the si te were FCR . One te sted cobble wa s al so found . None of the artifacts co llected front Si te A V-3 were temporally diaEtnos1ic. Given the presence of rock outcrops on 1he pro~11y, the site fuuctio11 is presumed to be lithi c extraction. Chert shatter3 l Che11 primaiy flake l Che11 secondary t1ake22 Quartzite seco ndary Oake 1 Tested Cobble 1 FCR18 Summary of Specimens Obsened, 1'\ot Collected : ~ODllta C urrent C 11r:1t ion R ep os itor y: Perman ent C u ration R epos it ory: Fi eld Note s: Fi eld !\'ote~ Reposifol'y: Photo guphic Me di n: Survey Re ports: Surny Re port Information : Jay Lunze. Karl Franz. and Lyle To,p (2023) The Ottety Group. Silver Spring . MD Artifact s to be rettn11ed 10 landowner Yes The O~eiy Group . Silver Spring. MD Di~ital Yes Pha se I Archeological Survey of the Apple Valley Road Tract. Winchester. Frederick County. Viqzinia Survey Re port Re1,os itory: VCRIS DHR Library Refe renc e Number : No Data Signific':m ce S1:11eme n1: Su n'eyor 's Eli gibilitJ Recommend ations: Surnyor 's NR C r ituia Recommendations: Surnyor 's l\"R C r iteriu Co nsid erations: Site AV-3 is a low deusiry scarter of pre~c ontact lithic material similar to Site AV-2. No too ls or diagnostic artifacts were recO'\·ered from the site . The site is interpreted as a lithic ex1rac1i on sile with a long. duration or repeated use. The site is uot considered to meet rhe cl'iteria as a significam arch-eol og ical resource a11d 110 additional testing is recom.llleuded . Recommended Not Eligible- No D::ita N{lD::ita Archaeological site data is protected m1der the Archaeological Re source Protection Act (ARPA 1979). Page: 2 of 2 270 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 73 Archeological Site Forms The Ottery Group Virgini a Department of Hi toric Re so urc es Archa eologica l Site Record OHR ID : 44FK I 079 Sna pshot Date Ge nerated: Januaiy 29, 2024 Site Nn me : Site C la ss ification: Year(s): Site Type(s): Other OHR ID: Temp orm1• De signntion: No Data Terrest ri al. open air No Darn Lithic scatter No Data No Data Locational Information USGS Quad : \VIN CHESTER Frederick (Co unty) Va lley and Ridge 785 feet Co unty/I ndependent City: Phys io grll phic Pro,·ince : Ele,·ation : Aspec t : Drainage: Slo pe: Acreage: Landform : Ownership St:,111 s: Gove rnment Entity K~1 me : Site Components Co mponent I Facin g South Potomac 2-6°0 0.140 Tem,ce P1i vare No Data Category: I.ndu stry/Proce ss in g/Ex trnction Site Type: Lit hic scatter Cult u ral Affiliatio n : ative America n C ulturnl Affiliation De t :1 iJ : No Data OHR Time Period: Pre-Contact Start Y e~\r : No D:mi End Year: No Data I Site E\'aluation Status Comments: seven artifac ts all from local che11 recovered from 4 STPs. A11ifac ts consist of 4 secondmy flake s aud 3 shauer. Site is located a1 1he edge of a sp ring . Bibliographic Information Bibliogro)lby: Jay Lunze. Karl Franz. and Lyle To,µ (2023) Pha se I Archeo log.ica l Survey of the Apple Va ll ey Road Tract. \V incl.1 ester. Frederick County. Virginia . Conducted for \Vinc hester Ga teway. LL I.nform a nt Data : No D~ta Archaeologica l sit e data is protected under the Archaeo log ica l Resomce Protection Act (ARP A 1979). Pa ge: I of 2 271 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 74 Archeological Site Forms The Ottery Group Virgin ia Depa1tment of Histori c Resources Archaeological Si te Record CR.1\1 Events Eve nt T ype: Surny:Phase I Project Sla ff/No tes : Jay Luuze-crew chief Lyle Toip-principal investigator Karl Frnnz-archeo lo~ist Proj ec t Re\'i ew file ~qmber : Sponsor ing Organization : Organiza tion/C ompany: Im•estigator: Surn•y Date: Surny Des criptioh: No Data No Data Tlie Ottery Group Lyle Torp 6/16/2023 DHR ID : 44FKl079 Pha se I archeological smvey of a 7 1.85-acre trnct conducted prior to development of the propeny. The propeny falls within the NR-eligible Kemstown Battlefie ld (2 011 expansion). 1580 STPs were excava ted at 15-meter and close interva ls. ri.,tetal detection was conducted across open po11 ions of the prope11 y. 197 posi ti ve STPs including 144 with lo<::al cbe11 debitage . Fi ve sites were identified dul'in@'. the Sln-vey. C urrenl La nd Us" Pastme Thre:u s to Resource: Site C onditions: Sur\'e)' Str:t teg its: Spedmens Coll tcred: Specim ens Obsen rt d, ~ot Coll ec ted : Artifacts Summary :lnd Di:l gnos tics : Dale of Us e 7/2112023 Comment s overgrown pastme. la st used iu 2009 based on aerial photos Development. Erosion UnkoowH Portiou of Site Destro ye d Meta l Detection. Subsurface Testing. Histol'ic M;'lp Projecti on Yes No Site AV-4 is the smallest of the sites encountered within the project area (Fip:m-e 5.1). It mea stu·es I 5m-x-60m and consist s of four consecutive po sitive STPs. The sire yie lded 7 lithic a11ifacts: 3 che11 shatter and 4 chert secondary Oakes . No telllpora ll y a11ifacts were rec overed. No b.istoric period a11ifacts were present. The site is a nonrliagno st ic lit hic sca tter. Che11 Shatter3 Cheri Secondary Flake.t Summar y of Specimens 01.J se n ·e d, Not Co ll ec ted: No Data Current C u nation R e po sitor y: Permanent C11r:1tion R e pos it or y: Field Nolt"t : Field Notes Re1>0 sitory : Phot ographic Media : Sun'ey Reports: Su rvey Report Informa tion : Jay Lunze. Karl Franz. and Lyle Tot]) (2023) The ONery Group. Silver Spring. MD artifacts to be retumed to landowner Ye s The Otte[)' Group. Silver Spring.1'--1D Di~ital Yes Phase I A.rc heological Survey of the Apple Valley Road Tract. \Vinchesler. Frede1ick County. Virginia Snn'ey Report Re1>o sit o1·y: OHR Lib r.iry Refer enc e Number: Significance Statement: Surn•yor's Eligibility Recomniend ations: Surnyor 's ~R C riteria Recommendat ions: Surnyor 's ~R C riteria C onsider:1ti ons: VCRIS No Data Site A V-4 is a small sca tter of pre-contact lithic material consisting of seven artifacts . No tools or diap:uostic artifacts were recovered. If 1he site was not identified in proximiry to sites AV-2 and AV-3. no site fuuc tiou would be po ss ible due to the limi ted size and a11ifocts. It is li kely that the site is a re source extraction site . The site is not considered to meet the National Regi ster t:::riteria for re se,a1d1 poten1 ial and no addit ional te sting. is recommeHcled. Recommended Not Eli@:ib le No Data No Data Archaeological site data is protected under the Arclrneol og ical Re source Protection Act (ARP.A 1979). Page: 2 of .2 272 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 75 Archeological Site Forms The Ottery Group Virgini a Department of Hi toric Re ources Archaeo logica l Sit e Record DHR ID : 44FK I 080 Snapshot Date Generated: Jan uary 29 , 2024 Si le Nome: Si te Chl ss ifirntion: Ye:1 r (s): Sil< Type(s): O th er OHR ID : T e mpor:1ry Des ig n!l li on : oData T e1Testria L open air o Data Other o Data No Data Locational Information USGS Qu:1d : WINCHESTER Frederick (Coun ty) Va ll ey and Ridge 780 feel Cou nty/lndepencl cnt C ity: Physiograpbic P ro,·inc e: Elevation: Aspect : Dr,1inage: Slope: Ac r eage: Landform : Ownershi)) Status: Go vernment E ntity Na,n e: Site Components Co mpon ent 1 fac in g So u1heas1 Potomac 2-6°0 0.190 Terrace Pri va te No Data C:11 cgory: Iudust1y/Processiug/Extrnc tion Site T ype: Other C ull'Ur:d A ffili a tion: Na 1ive Ameri ca n Cultu ral Affiliation Detail: No Data DHR Time Peri od : Pre-Co nt act Shtrt Yeur: No Dala End Yea r: No Data I Si l< Ernlu:1ti on St:1tu s Co mments : Si te AV-5 is a modera te sized sca tt er of li thi c ai1 ifo cts recovered from th e north side of a dammed spring.. Bibliographic Information Bibliog r:tphy: The sit e measures 30m-x-90 m and cont ai ned 13 positi ve STPs. incl uding. 4 ba se li ne and 9 ra dial STPs. The sit e yielded 28 lithic arti fac ts: 15 che11 shaner. 6 c hen seconda 1y fl akes. 5 FC R. 1 tested cobble. and one potenti al nutting stone . No temporall y diagnostic a1iifacts were recovered. No hi st01ic period art ifacts we re present. The si te is hu erp re 1ed as a resource procurement si1 e. The presell ce of a nu1tiu g Slone may indicate the processin g. of vegetab le fibers haivested fro m rh e dra in age . Jay Ltmze , Kar l Franz. an d Lyle Torp (2023) Phase 1 Arc heo log.ica l urvey of th e Ap pel Va ll ey Road Tract. Win ches ter. Frede rick County . V irgin ia. Conducted fo r Win chester Ga teway. LLC. Lnformnnt Datn: No Data A.rch aeo logical si te dat a is pro tected under th e Archaeo log ica l Reso urce Protec tion Act (AR.PA 1979). Page : I of 2 273 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 76 Archeological Site Forms The Ottery Group Virgi ni a Department of Hi storic Re sources Archaeologic;:il Site Record CRJ\I Events [vent Type: Surwy:Pltase I Projecl St ;1ff/No tes: Jay Lunze-crew chief Lyle Torp-priucipal iuve stig:ator KArl Franz-:ucheologist Projecl Review File i'"uru ber : Sp onsori ng Organization: Organizal ion/Com11a ny: In,,estigator: Sqrvey Date: S urvey Descri1>lion : Ni..) Data No D::ill'I Th e Ottel)' Group Lyle Torp 6/)612023 OHR ID : 44FK1080 Phase I archeological suI\·ey of a 7 1.85-acre tract c oocl ucted pt'ior to development of the prope11y . Tu e property fall s within the NR-eligible Kernsto,vn Battlefield (2011 expansion). 1580 STPs ,vere excava ted at 15-meter and close interva ls. Meta l detection wa s co nducted across open portions of the propeny. 197 positive STPs inclndin!i[ 144 with loca l chett debiraie. Five site s we re id entifi ed during the slUvey. c .. rrent Land t:se Pa sture Threats to Reso urce: Site Conditions: Surwy Str,llegies: Spec imens Co llected : Specimens Ohscrnd, Not Collected : Arrif:1ct.s Summ:try :tnd Dfri gnosti cs: Date of l'se 7/21 1202 3 Comn.1t"nts over~rown pasttue last used in 2009 based on aerial photos De"'elopment. Ero sion Unknown Po11 ion of Site Destroyed Metal Deteerion , Subsurfoee-I est ll1 ~, Hi storie Map Pl'Ojeetion Ye s No Sit e AV-5 is a mode rate sized sca tter of lithic a11ifocts recovered from th e n011h side of the a11ificial pond (F igure 5.1). Th e si te me as ures 30m-x-90m and co ntained 1.3 positi ve STPs. including. 4 b:1seline and 9 radirll STPs . T11e site yiel ded 28 lithic artifa cts: 15 che11 shaner, 6 che11 secondary flake s. 5 FCR. I tested cobble. and one potential nut ting stone . No temporally diagnostic a11ifacts were recovered. No historic peri od a11ifact s were present. T11 e site is inreiµreted as a resource procurement sit e. T11e pr"sence of a nutting stone ma y indi ca te the processi ng of vegetabl e fibers hatvested from the drainage. Cliett Shatter 15 Che11 Secondacy' Flake6 Nutting Stone I Teste d Cobble I FCR5 Summnry of SJ>ecime ns Observed, '.\"ot Co llec ted: No Data C urren t C ur a.li on Re11os itory: Permnnent Curation Repository: Fielrl ~oles: Field :Ko les R e1,osi1 ory: P hot ogra phic Media: Survey Re11o rts: S un ·ey Re11o rt lnfornrntion : Jay Lnnze. Karl Frnuz. aud Lyle T01]) (2023) The Onery Group, Silver Sprini. MD A11ifacts to be returned to landowner Yes The Onery Group, Sil ver Sp ring . :M D Digital Yes Pha se I Archeological Survey of the .i\pple V~lley Ro~d Trac t. \Vinchester. Frede1ick Co unty. Virginia Surn•y Report Repositor y: VCRIS DHR Library Reference Number : No D;:ita Signific 3nce St ateme nt : Surveyor's E li gibility Reco mrnt"ndations: Sun·eyor's NR Criteria Re-commendations: Sun·eyor's ~R Criteria Co nsid erati ons: Site AV•5 is a cluster of pn:·~cou tact lithic ai1ifoct s fo und on 1he uo11h of the cattle pond, and along th e orig inal spring rnnning throu!Zh th e prope11y. The site contained a moderate density of m1ifact s. none of whi ch are chronologically diagn os ti c. Th e Artifact as semblag.e is consistent with the other Na ti ve Ame 1ica u site s within the projec t area . The onl y anomalous m1ifoc1 wa s a poss ible muting stone. which suggests tha t the site ma y be more than a sho11 -tenu re source extraction c.1mp . T11e sit e is not con sidered 10 be a significant archeological reso urce and no additional testing is recommended. Recommended Not Eligible No Da1::i No Data Archaeologica l site data is pro tected. uuder the Archaeological Resomce Pro1ec 1ion Acl (A RPA 1979 ). Page: 2 of 2 274 The Ottery Group Appendix C: Qualifications of Investigators 275 The Ottery Group 276 Phase I Archeological Survey – Apple Valley Road Tract 79 Qualifications of Investigators LYLE C. TORP, RPA Managing Director Lyle C. Torp consults on issues related to compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), directs the preparation of environmental assessments under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), and performs a variety of services related to archeological and historical assessments and historic preservation planning. He has extensive experience performing all phase of cultural resource investigations, and has served as Principal Investigator on numerous compliance-related projects throughout the country. Mr. Torp is fully-qualified under the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation at 36 CFR 61, and is certified in archeology by the RPA. Mr. Torp is a past President of the Council for Maryland Archeology (CfMA), and has served two terms on the Board of Directors for the American Cultural Resources Association (ACRA). Since 1998, Mr. Torp has directed the operations of a consulting firm with a staff of cultural resource and environmental professionals. In this capacity he has augmented his prior work experience in conducting ESAs, natural resource planning, and other environmental services with a diverse professional staff serving clients throughout the United States. Lyle is an Instructor in the Cultural Heritage Resource Management (CHRM) Program at the University of Maryland. KARL FRANZ, RA Archeologist Karl Franz is an Archeologist with The Ottery Group. He is certified in archeology by the RPA. He holds a bachelors degree from Saint Mary’s College of Maryland (1991). Mr. Franz has been an archeologist in the Middle Atlantic region 35 years, with experience in all levels of effort at historic and pre-contact Native American sites in 20 states, with a focus in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast Regions of the United States. He has directed archeological projects for a variety of public, private, and government clients for purposes that range from compliance-driven to academic research studies and is equally proficient in pre-contact Native American and historical period site excavation and interpretation. In addition to project management and laboratory direction duties, Mr. Franz has authored over 200 cultural resources technical reports in his career. He has been employed by the Ottery Group for the last 19 years. JAY LUNZE, MA Crew Chief Jay Lunze is an Archeologist with The Ottery Group. She holds a masters degree in maritime archeology from the University of Southern Denmark (2011). Ms. Lunze has 20 years of experience in the fields of archaeology, museum studies, and heritage management. She has worked as a museum educator and docent at the Jamestown Yorktown Foundation as well as a docent and security guard at the Virginia Museum of Fine Art. Throughout this time, she contributed to the publication of the transcribed and annotated journal of George Washington’s journey to Barbados. Since 2018, she has been active in CRM field archaeology in the Mid-Atlantic. 277 278 Impact Analysis Statement Blackburn Rezoning Back Creek Magisterial District Parcel ID 63-(A)·B0l Total Area: 128.82 acres March 7, 2015 0Wl']tfn, Blackburn Limited Partnership Winc1'\esh.•r, VA Jisc,3 Stowe Engineering~ PLC 220 S(\rv,tebli!rry Court S10phens City, VA 226SS 279 IMPACT ANALYSIS STATEMENT Blackburn Limited Partnership Rezoni'ng lrtrrodue-e/ori alackburn liMrted P.anl'leUhlP is requesting a r-ezoning of 92 OG6 acres of a 128.~1 £li;.r~ pji1"cel in Frl'deric.k G1;1u11Jy. The property is owned by the partnership, TI1e properw Ii loc~led bew1een R-oute 37 south of Wfnclie~,e.r and Apple v~Jfey Road. The .slfe ts border~d on the nortti hy Middle Road"11iel Oh the sO\Jltl by the Cot~•COla Su sines$ Parle Th(' $1te has prelli!)t,J~ly bee,, US'ed fer agricultural purposes bu1 fias re~ined TI~t'lt 1n rec-en! year!:. The :appll!:ants are ~eekmg a change-in zonintffo{ the 92 .066 acre~ fr1;m1 RA 1o M-1 .. )'he pfo~ny is wrrently,m open 'JeJd, Multiple lmcfergro1,md and 9v~rhea~ utililies run along the peril1leter'Of the Pfpperiv. Stormwater d1·ai11s generally toward!. the ea5t to nwltlple f~tlvet{s rna1 pass under Applt valley lloilcl, The· Frederic~ CiJunty Comprehensive Plan'"s 2030 lo11g Rahgi.' land Use map shuw~ this prupet1y 1~ planned for 1ndttsWal use. The requested M-l mning is consistent with tins p1ann~d use. light n,,mufactur,ng ~n~ warehouslng businesses are planned for 1he si1e. The site WIii be grarJeij, landscaped, :and roads inst .. Jle~ tt,at will meel curre,,t Count.v sperilfloatitlns, TM exlst,ng e11trarice onto Apple Valley Road will be us:ed to acce!.S lh:i.> site froni the ttc1st, a!'ld a h~w entrance will be c;o"~11uded on ttHHouih by e)ltenrling Diwson Drive on county owned righ1 of way. 111ter-parcel connt-ct1~n w,H be utllii.ed wtte,e prantkal and pm,slbh,. 100 Vear Float'.! PlaihS -The 51te &. no1 lm:.llted with.In 01 near any 100 vear flood .?lffiM l)er fi'EMA flood Map No. 51069'C0214D, Wetland,_ -Based oh a review of the N~tiortal Wetlat,d h'\Ve11toty mapping and field studies performed bv Greenway Engineerlng, w~OMd~ i!fft known 10 exlil Of1 I he site. Tt\t>se wet!Md~ will be-quanlified and mapped to Qbtaln the I.JS Army C:orps of t;ngJl'eer,s concurrence cl~ IQ their locations and e)ltenu, Development In wetlands t~il$ Will l~e avoided or mttig1,1ted in acc:ordan~e with Corp~ ofHnglneer~ and Virginia OEQ requiteinents. 280 3teep.Slopas -Thi!. site is lairjy flat. THe only steep $lope.~ are on the-back side of the datn at tile POf.ld. Mature Woodla11ds-lJ1er& i~ as~ acre +/--area of mature woolil1Jnds<11 tht south end of 1tie prope,ty· tha1'will bi: disturbed, Prime-Agricultural Soils-Baseo on data bam the USDA Web Soil Survey theN! are 90.3 acre$. of Prime Fatmla,1cf on lhe sire aM 21.7 .-i1.r1,s of farmland or statewide it17Portance. Effort~ w1U be made to preserve these lands in thewetl~nds,and ;nactlve zoning buffr•r ar~;is_ Soll or Bedl'c'lck CondlHons whlc.h would create Construction Difficulties nr Hazards-A review of th~ USDA We},, 5oil 5urvev indicates. that the dep~h to bedrock for 107+ acret of the site-!~ over~ feet. Wherit rock is en.countered in excavation areas it wHI be rem:oved by n,eehanit;,;J me~nsor bias:tiog, S1.1.rmumfi:rig l'rnpt1rties rhe sul>fect propei ty ~ ,surrounEJed l)y; • Route 31 to th..-West, On the l:\pposiie side of Rou1e .3? 1s agrlculrural la11d_ • ,A Chdstmas tree farm to the ti~rth ~ The Coc~-Coln Buitness Park to the $1)\Jth With wi;rehouses adjact?nl to this propeny, • ,o the east is Apple Valley Roa~, and on the oppos1t~ sJde oi the road is ~elrowship Bible Churth, 18 sll\lilettH'nily reside rices, and the. Kernstow11 Battlefield. 1 he distanc~ from the PfOpertv line to the homes on the east ~,de of Apple Valley Road is 80 feet or more. Due to the wetlilnds, existing underground ut,Jitie,, ahd thdredericlt County iilhlllg buffet tequlre11)ents. tlQise or _glare impacti; on the neighbors 1s eJlpec1ed 10 be miritrnal, ff any, The planned ui;es are nol generato,S"of loud no,~s, fumes urpollutiQ'1-r. Traffic. lm,iact Study ha~ bee~ ptepared by Stowe Eoglnee,ing_ The stvtly show,s that· Route li ""'JI serve as-the prifl1ary artery b&tween 1·83./RQllte;? 37 ,and the site Route i l currel"ltly 'Op~ti:'s at a ,:ioor level of ~erv1ce cJlld ad41tlo11al,groW1h Will e-iiasl)erate trns oon:dltiCH\, The de9eloper is p(offering to parlici~a1e fmat1c,~ffv to lf1'Jprnve moblliw, to 1he area . ., ... 281 --·-------fhe .slte is located ini;me of the Frederick' Counw ·sew~r aM WcHer Service Area, An el<is(ii'lg U'' sewer fon:e rMnn i, lgc;i1e.d afong the f~II length of the eastern property line, parallel to Apple Valley Ro»d. To the south of the site there is a 15" gravity sewer maln. Both lirres tloVv 10 the Parkins MIii Wastewat.er Treatment Plant wh~f'i ,s si2ed to M~al 5-mlllion gallons a d3y. T~e FCSA. has ad»ir,ed that there is -adequate capacity in the w~s(eW,it!er sy5tem ror the propo$ed mes, Water-Supply The s1le it located ,nsicle-•offl'ie Frede(kk Couniy Sewer and Water s~rvke-Area, An ~,strng 20" Wittt;"r maft'I is located sl9t1g th~ fuU length of the eastern pl'operty Hne, parallel to Appfe Villev Road, Thrt FCSA tiais advi.sed that there i,adequale capaciw ,ind pcusu,e in the W'L\ter ~s1em to, the ~roposed uses. Drufriage l)r-.ii11age frgm the !ri1e flows 10 the eas1 aru:i ultima1erv throu$h multiple culverts u11der Jl.pple V.t(leyftoad, M1,ch t>fH11! sttl? dr.-iin11gti ,s cutff!Jltly colll!cted ins li!rge Ol'\•sire pond .. P1-etlrnl11ary rlans call for~he pol"l(I fo pe pre$'erved. rost•de11elopnient drainage frorn the developed areas w!U b~ rovt~~ throusfl SIQrmwater mansge111ent1~cllities tr;, tontrol the quantity an~ quality of storn1water leaving the site. CollecFo" Qf solid w~ste will 9ccurthroush the use of on-~ae dun,pster>snd p11wne h,1ulen. The Civil Engineerit1g Re1ere11ce Mamraf, .t1'' ecHtion, us~s a solid waste gim~r~tlon l'ilte of 5,x1 r;-ubk yards per 1,(100 sg11are fee~ of floor area, l\l'PIYil'l8 thi~ nite, 850,000 sf developmem Will gene,a te 4/i90 c.uoic yatds 'Gf solid waste per veal' The .solid waste WHI he transferred to ttie Frede(ick CO~r'lty laondfill F11cillty by·prjvate licen.sed commercl;;I ~9rriers. l 282 Histvricol Site and Smlclures The site i~ local~ on grmmds where the 1" and r• B(lt~les-or Kerosiown ocwrred A review al the l.>atttefield maps r-0r eaoh battle shows the following, • ) st Xcm8iown -While there v,/9S troop movement at:fo~ the. <,Ubjec, r,ropem,1 t-17~ battle map shows the fighting occurred nrmh of M rtidl~ Ro~d q(lrf e,un of Applf! Valley Road, • 2nd Kem-.tli')l,,m -Again, lhe ~ltlerield map shows troop movi:me.1tls aero~, h~ s11bj1Jct .i.ite with the fighting occurrln& east of Apple Valley React and norih of !vflddle Ro1d, C:onsul1ation with Garv Crawford, PreJiderH'Of Ifie Kef~Stown 'Biitilefleld ASsodatlt!ti, isottnbor.11ed this 11itet~rma r,on of il,e battlefield map.s. lmpw ... t un Cpmm.1mity F<1.t'iUti,;s Educational ~acifi!ies -iP11r. p,o,ecl will add no t::hlldren fo 1h~ !.diool system Emergency Services -Police protec:tiou Wilt be prO\lil.Jed tly the F.rederlc Coumy ::»he1•iff Depcertmenl, Th~ property, j5 located in the first re!11onse arE!a for thi! Sfept,em Cftv Fire.and ~escue i:latitm J!e.spoose t1rnes from tf1e rtat;on to th.e ,lte are reasonable. ~arks and R@tre~tion -This pro)~t wall nQ1.lfdC 10 (h~ p.;puliition of fr-ederit~ Cnumy .arni therefore Will M\ ir•«e~e !he ~~ma11d for-PaTks and Recrearional ~ervices. Llqrarie5 -Thl.s project will 1,01 add TO The 001111l;inon of J'.recterick C(>Un.ty i!r'I~ the ,·efore wW -rwt 1nrreaie the delf!Md for library 5ervlces, local G'ovemment -Th~ F'n=cferick:CoUnty, Impact Moilel Will be med to determine i tie fe~I of ,mpact this p1-o)ee1 will have on the l0ca I &Overnment. ti 283 i!•ft4ffl Noa.t Pa.n brgend r ,_ f."t" Ma)"' ¼rill "-' '""'""''° MlljOr All<liaJ • • _ Hey, Mill<lt AM.,t., -"'-''"''"'"td r,!10,11 ...,,,,., ~~ ... N..., Major Colloolo, ""--IIJlll'tlll .. ~ (oUe<l!Or 4'"-w.., ~'"" CoUtu:tor ""'1mpo,.., Minor Colltdo< Ramp Tr•ifs land UH! Legolnd 1 I 1 /. I Area Plan r{ori I e: l 1 'iou U1 L"Jrl(j l;se l'lan 284 APPENDIX I -AREA PLANS RbUTe 11 SOUTH Co~~ll,)OP. &.AND Use PLAN The Route 11 Soutri c;orr100r stu<Jy area encon1Passes-approxim"tely l,500 acres. 'Joe qmidor Is roughly three mlles in length and rum; fr1;>n1 Route 37 South to, and lticltldlng, the northern edge of Stephens City. tntersrate. el r-orms lhe eas~ern terminus of the study area with the Baltimore aritJ Ohlb railroad trades composrng «ie western bol.lndary. Tl,e majority ot land wltl'lln tl'\ts stody area ( ro~gl\ly 1,200 acres) is currently zoned Rural Areas; (RA). There are. about J.75 acres of Business General (8·2) zoo111g within the tomdor~ all of which i!i sttuated north of Bartor;s\lille, There are ;.ilso 23 ac-res of Residential Performance (RP) zoning and l1 acres zoned Industrial Transition (B-3). Ftgure 7: Route 11 S01,Jtli Zot1Jtig 1,-400 i,200 + w 1,000 • ~ &00 ~ 60-0 "' ~ 40() 1' 200 0 -r RA Route 11 South lonfng by Ai:rueue RP B-2 ZONING B-3 Perhaps the most outstanding feature of the Route 11 5oum sludy area is the r-elatlvely pristine state of the southern portion of the corridor. The land from aartonsV111e south to the Stephens City limits is relatively undeveloped, The maJontv or tn,s segment of the studv area (appro.idmsteJy 475 aeres) is currently either used for ag1"icu1ture or Is vacant. Only two, small-scale cornmercjal enterprises are sHw,ted In ti11s portion of ttte corridor. Route 11 S01,.1th land Use Plan 285 APPENDfX l -AREA PLANS 6Jsed upon tr,e t..o\Jnts ta ken 1n J 989 by ttie W111chester Area Tran~pOl1:i'lttOfl Study, 9,140 veh1c;;les traveled on Route 1 i South between the mter.;e,,:rit;ln <;f( FloUte 37 and lne Stephen!. City corpora re lrne. Tfc!ffk rs heaviest t11.J1 Ing Vie e11ening, ri;aGhlng a peak of 8~3 vehicles The tnaJQrlty or this traffic dunrii, this time is. traVeltng southbound. This segmel)t is ldentifiecf. by the Winche5ter Area rranspo"'ation study as EJefldent due to Jr.adequate !ihoulder Wiath, rhs Route JJ 5outt, col'rldor r,lan c-alls ior business/office uses along tl1f/' majority of the corridor With the ex('.eption of the area In ,i>nd around Bartonsv111e1 Which i.li shown as the ~te of -a-fot,Jn'I Historic District The so1.1thwestem pCJrt1ori-0f the study area, ~tljacent to-Stephens C1tv, contains a c.ontlnuatiOA of the res1dent1al devefopme.nt Wlthl,\ rhe Town. Future land u~e ;,long the vt'estern ectg~ of tha corrido1 1s shown as industrlal/offict. This <leslgnation would Cal<e advantage. of lhe t'all fro1,ta9e to promote ecC)nomir deveh:iprnenl In tt,e area. one of' me signlftci;nt t:IMiei'lts ol this plan ts the bvff'"rillg or R.a1.1Je 11 South-TJ1e s0t1them sectmn of the corridor Iron, Qepnen$ CilV, llOrtl"I to oartonsvme ts i1,~en(leo to be set apart frt1m rhe ex:istirig comm~r~1a1 (:l~yP.loomerit along fl'le' Mrthe-rn third QI the corridor The-lntMt Is l'he1, through a romblflation of ~etbatRs, vege~tlVe scr'een,ng, pt anting of shade trees i;llt,mg the edge of the fight •of way, and the PH>Y1sfon of bik6 way and peoest~lart access, th~ co1·r1dol' wou1e1 nave .a par'l<way-like appea~nce. A pl<1nted metfhm ;;ff'lp Is also env\slo11ed when this sewon of Route 11 south be-:omes tour tone--Uses IOctttl119 Wltl'lln thlS-seGt1on bf me corndor would be ex~ected to have no direct acoeS?. to Route 11 South, but rclcher would access a propo~ed e~st-we.st-conr,eetor rMcl w1'1th In turn would mtersect Route 11 sovlh Tile phm shows two collei~tor roads whtch wou10 cof'lrlect the proposed f1Jt1.1re comm~rc;1a! de\/el1.>p1N:r1t areas w•th Route J l South and Fanrftnc Street, west of St~pheni. City, e11d ulttmataly, With Route 6421 on the east side of 1nt(!F!>11:lte 8 L 1h~e rQads woul(l effe:tiwely create a bypass or the northern portion ol Stephi;sns c:1w, prt>vidl1\g an alternate means of tralieling ea.st-west or north•so1.ltf, w1thQJ,Jt !'laving to PPSS through tile traffic IJght at the intersection of Routes 11 Soutt, and 277 {Fairfax Stre6t} A simflar arrangement shQ1,1IJ;J l;le pl~Me(.l foi-the sauthwestem q1Jadrant uf Stephens □ty to u,eate a Mt bypass fo1 norm-si:illth tr.:ive1, furtl'ler alleviating oressure on the F<1irfux/Rr;>1,1te J J mtersectiQ11 Route 11 South Land Use Plan 286 APPENDIX J -ARE.A PLANS Thf, pl;in calls for me formation ot a Hi5torlc;al District ~rov,,a the Bartonsvllle area. Current County regulations stlr,ulate that cl,~ formation or a Historic District must be done With il'le IMdowner's eonsent, altho1.1gh a pr~posal for a Hist,:,nt; Pi1iC••ict can be made by the Cauntv•~ Hlstorfc Resource.,; Advisory 6oartt rn actditJon to Jts historical slgnmcance, much o1 the Sartonsv11ie arl?o is iltso within toe too year floc;id plai11 and wo1lld th~refore b~ ot·herwrse. Jimlted 1n cerms of develOflment pot~nt)el. tt Is r11lerJded that as much ilS po-s!iible1 me view frorn Route ll Sollth be screened. This c.oul'1 be achieved by req~11tfn9 v!\es which locate withill tlirs area to 1-Js~ the-east-West' connector road as~ rneahs of aoce"Ss tl'.l Route J 1 South rattler than having 1Mtividual entrances cf1re<;tly Qf1to Route l,1 Sol.lth, Extensive screeni119 -and setbacks &hould ?ti~ b~ re~Wlfe<J aOJacentto Route t t 5oLJth .,,s~re 8; Ftot.lte 11 South corridor rour lanes with euffet6 amt set.1?~c1<s '&' ,, /;,, ,-, r.~.~ / 5' . _,/ _,,. Route .1 t South Land Use Plan 287 APPENDIX I .-AREA PLANS Methods lo he Used to Preserve-the Appearance Qf ttte pa,;te, J.1 Corridor • Save BJ05tlng sto,ie fem:e t0ws .and mature trees wherever PV$Sible by mcorporatiflg tt'lem inlo Site designs. • Utilize native specfes. trl p,aritings for DUFf~~s-artd landscaping 4lfung R.oUlr l 1 ;m(;! f:'3tabllst, mectianlsms tQ insure tha1 the plantings are properly rnaintoin~d. • Jf1C?orpota1e IJ\.ter-c-0nnt1ctl"d bike anl.J pedestrian travel ways into s1LE-Qesfgn_ • l,,l\;1;~ tnidlt•cmal board rencing c!IOM Roule 11 and withm devempme1,ts as apprqpl"i?te • Limit or p, 13hltlll. lt1~ use of ofi·siti! ,slgr',s itlong lhe corric;Jor f;nc~l\.Jl'age the 11se of n,oriument styla signs, • Prohibit lrldlVidual slte entrances <Jnd pa~king lot~ along the 0<01-,tage of Routec 11 Rout£ 11 South Land .t.Jse Plan 288 ClVIL ,¥AA SITES IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OFVJRG1NlA .~ I .. ~. PAR!TulIBE SHENANDOAH VALLEY BATILEAEI.DS P ;m Tht-r1' nddtcm~ .:ach nflhu b;1ttltfidd..c ill thrvnulo!li,ol o;der, ,;wnn1ari1.,ng the b4111t'~ $l~1isUa. N;c, \lllct jitcr1ifiwnce, The baule i;1:tion i~ <l~e:ri!:'rtd ,ri pll!lM's. lmpor1Mt ~l~nl• arc linked with fv-dltJJ'e.~ <hat can he l1witcd on ,he gr(lumt ff,e current concli1io11 of th~ bnnlefidd isass~-s51.'fl m narraliW! rom1. Md p.~tteivf!d 1hrro1~ 10 1hr ,life$ ilro ~ummanzc.,rj in ddail. ,'\l5o included for each site r~ 111/sl of Wi!JU(c-$ lhot were mcnli(lllrd ll1 l!atllt 3CC\lllMIS, indudiut µlillc rn1m~.\, lopogr<1phiQ1i r(',1UtrC.S, $landing MfHCIU!t'..~ and huildil\~~. ruins: iitC',5 of los1 fl:atl.lrt$, illld l\1chc:1)l11gi~,1l ,itu. The-battle ph~,cs art Ji.eyed roughly tu tht numbers-on the lwtlcfldd i.nrwity m11pt. ARST KERNSTO\VN (23 MARCH J86i) G01craJ Location: W~~I 11fUS JI (\lallt'}' Pike) ao<I N of lfoge Rulli Rlt'. 37 {'1-l!111t hrpa.~s I h1s,ec18 lhL·.11r,:,1 ,a( henviesl fighting aloni Saiid ltid~ ~ixeo1'S1udy1Cora Arre.s; 4,0,WJ ,554 ac,rG\ C,tS tntegrlty ofSludy/Co~A.11t11~: 56/71 pemm1; fair/ f,ajr I/fold Am~,111~nl ofStudy A..t·t-a l111t'gnty: hiir USGS Quadrants: Winclm!~,. S1ephe11~ City ~rincip11I Comm1111JtrS1 /c] Mil;, Gen. Thmn.is J inckson. (11/ C11I Nathan Kimball, C'tJfflll't:ITl1-l1ru~ Hrig. Gen, /ilme.<i 5Wdtl ~' di Y.iSIOt'\ Por,c.1 Ellg$~cd, M /acksuu's inf.irtfTY <livisic,11\ uf1hr« ht/g.idri (Garnrn !lurks. ,llld f.'uliicr:11,ri), 27 gun~, Jn.i ,i f'.walty con1i11ga111 uniler C!of. Turner ,1!nb1·; 1~1al strength dJd nol c11cer<l al1tJu! ;i;600-~.~oo. ofwh,dl lll®I wero engage<l; {,1J Ont' infuntt')' r.llvmoo of lh1·cc hr1g;1de.s /Kimh:i.ll, Sulllv,m, lll\d Trier), 2il ~r1i,·a11d 16 (On'l))(lmes ol' ~Va!rftmd.er flroadhc.-;J; lotnl fort·c hr1wccn 6,5()() a11d Q,f)OO, threC'-four1],~ o( 1~hich \vcrc lirought int(►i1'4ion C-.uU4Jlk.i: /<I 718 (!illk/'J7!>w/263111c); I r1/ 590 t ll!lk/ 450wl1'2mc) Slgnifi&~-e: Ttiii bauk Is ccm1;Wcl'L-d by m11n1• hitlrnian~ ~ !be ope11111g confiii:t c,f the famous Vaill")' C.1mJr,Uf11' of 18(,Z. h WJHhe onlybattk· lt'Wrdto ,u "lost'' hy.S1one-,.,.1tll Jackson, bul in m.-ny ways he tt,unoo ~l much hy l~o 1c as by wi'11111ng. /\fl er 1he bank, ~.~~dent Lloci,ln ,v;is distutbcd hy Jad:sun 'x pc>te:nii~I tllrl'al lo W!!.!hiugloh imd rtdtrected mu~ than ~S.000 men to r:ldcncJ lip• µro11c-hl'; (i'C1m 1ht Vi\Jky bt>forc lhr camw4ln was fi111sh1:d, Maj. Gen, Gl'Ol"ge' /'I, McCl~lia1f<.im1ywi1~ de11nved t)f fhrrc r(:in(Ol'(i:11lc!JII$, whkh he claim«l 1,'0UIJ bjvc-cm1bled him lo hike Riclimond d1,1r111g hf~ l'mi1mil11r CJJJ117";1ign. llecsw~ of1hi, r«!~}iloymfot offc:derdl troops, fai-sl 'K~rns!own i.1 cun~ideroo one 11f 1he decisive t£1811!1fm~nu: o( I 862. 289 C1vu WAIi, s, n:.s II',, nu. St tJ:Nl'IN ll(JAH VAtHY OJI VlkGIN1A. DESCRJM1ON 01' nu~ BA'l'J'U: PrcludL"i Acrfngon foully mtelli~n,c-tha1 .sugg-:stad th?t Im smc1U ,mny outnUnib,rCJi IAf f~Jerat forrl'!l lU Will• l:hrner,.M.i1. Gai. fhoniu ), f1r.koon mo,'<'d to nrikc h1~ oppolletm 111,J prfflllr US'reinlormntnt5 frQm lt.1Y1r11; !be Vall:y to aid McClcll.1n'i ,nmy 011 the Ptn111-1u~. The divi~on or Dr Jg, Can. Jamc:a Shirlds ,n fact outmrrnbCiecl f;ac~n more 1'1.ln Ml·lv•onc. On 1hr aftmioon vf22 M:1rch, Ashby's c.svalr)' and borsc n11illery Gkim11she<l with VS !om·~ nm Kr,osiown Genrral Shields w;i..s wuundcd m this affair, Jli~ -ann hroJ<rn hrs shtr11 £rag.men!, and ,li\.,sional commllnd devi.tlwd to Col. Nath~n Kin1b.ill. llhast One. Sl.imu,hin-g-at l<l'fllnown: At dawn K"unball movi:d 11gi,in~l Ai,hby'a 411".%!1(."f on the Villey Pik,;, r11mh of l<crns1owi1. Sullivdll'und a pon,on of Kimh:lll's \JS br!ga,ies ad~n,ed, str.i~dlirig thr pike, ~nd pU&hl-<lA~l,by liOulh ofHofF's Rt.in, laking rossmion of Prnchard's Hill. Ashby'$ troopers formed a ntw defen~i-.e lin~, -wtiich w:as Ja1er SUpjlontd by mfanlf}' :md m1fntalnl.'tl lhwugl>out 1hr: hi!ttle. jen4' VS baucry unJ1n1be1red on Pritchard's I IUI ;ind r-t'lij'IDndt-d Lo A&.h.by1i ar1llkry in pps:ilkin n«r the Opc.:iuc,n Chu1cli, ,4.bov,) 100 ~mm., 1~ck.~11·s rnfa11lry beg;m lo connmt1111r south t,f' Kcrn.ttown. 1, 11'4~ $l'Jo11 tlidMt rn l<imb,U that Jaclt.so111s army was a1TIV1ng on 1hr h<'ld. 1Gmb4lf co11:solid111«! hi~ pnsitiu11 11mJ 1twaijl,((;t rt.in(orceomemt J>hase Twc,. CS flank Mar~menl; Hy 1◄00 ho11rl, lnckson's Tnf.intry w,is on lhe fie1d. ma;,,~c,d ~uut.h Iii Kcmstown /~c!Gcm launtht-d a rrinr loward Kimb.ill'i, main po.tj1i1m .ilnng lh~ Pi.kt 1'f'f1ha ponion of Burk,' hrig;;ue, but this was to djsguise a flanking movement to hi.tk1i along Sdnd Ridge, ]ll(k.s/'ln dir«tcd h!Jkcr$on'g .md Gamc>tfs brigades to 1he ridge, lcaYins 8utks to 5\lpJ)llrl Asl1hy. Coolt'Cl~ntr Jrttllery (~ b.attene~) wm pmi.tJ011ed OJI 1 he eR.Slem ~c of the ridg~ ;ind eng;ig.ea lJS bauerie,g on Pr11charcfs Hill, rlllkcrmn iidvanc:,'<1t.11.11hr left. }mine ~n e;isf•Wt'JI. stonr-fr11ce un tJie Glas. f.trln uncler fiti:. G11rneu .:-1m~ UJ1 on fulkeuon's right, l?;Ul:'ndh1g 1hr CS battle line from Opequon Cccd; c,u! across 1hr troni of the ridge, l~(ff bnidin~ h~<:k.'ututh lo ~1ver lhe ~rtllferr. A rt~lliClll I~~ lie).IJl)ycd .ac1'0$$ the Mid~ .lhud m maima111 a connection henvren the CS !lank.~. Rm1gnizlng the thr~i to his-fight, t(im~i!ll mow.-tJ Tyler'~ bnga<lc forward frurtr il.1 rC:SCJVt' fl(1S11lot1 nett the loll ptt-111 the 1nlcrsecdo11 of Ult Valley Pjkc Alld Ctd3r Ctrek Grat.le lo 0011&on1 FuU:c:r&on und Garn.r!I, As tkt-,millery duel C\lntil'lu~. ~~im•illi~u ,los.td .1nd 1ht fighting began 10 hea1 u1,, P~ 'Jli~ IJS '4sauJl ou Sgnd l{idgc; At J r.(X> hours, ·1 )'let dtploytd his fivt rtglll'lenis (aoou, 1,000 rt'lcn) and attacked th~ CS Jl()SlhOn cm Sam1 Ridge, ~Hpponrd by h,s hattu1fi on Prltc:hard't I lul 'Ind :i ,m:iJI ovairy f~ 011 hi-. far ris}lt Oank. &vernl 11ttmrpts <o 1urn tht C:S ltll llanli. l\'C'II: rtpubed wi1h hcavyta1oallir1. 'fylernow fbCIJsL'tl his 11llentlo11 on lhe CS c:c-uH:r on •he Ct\-"1~ of lhl,' ridge. Recognizing th;il Ashby',, oetivil}' Nt the Vitll£11 Pike 1vas a ckmtinst1111km ooly, C.oloncl t{irnball marche<i b,1 ~rigs& and pan ofSuJHvatl'! (11boul l,O(l0) lo lht! ng~t, Jfllntng w11h Tyl(!r 10 auault the CS wuer -and rjgftt on Sond l~id&a, Gomttn 1rurnwnbered bngade IHcked tht' protrctiOJJ of a ~lour Itucc: likr. r ulktnDll'i and SOlll'l began ICI faU 011,k !o,k~(ln d15p;11chcd iwo rcgflw•1m co 1bc support uf Cdrm11 bu1 b,.'fore rher .arrivrd1 Garneu order<.-d a withdrawal, bclie"ing his µoslrlon unlcnal>fc. This movemem oi,ened FuJkeoon's ngh, ll.1nk lO a hc:ii.r firt imd ht too n:til ed. Ti1t re1rca1 $0Cln b,.-t.:11ne b11dly dlSQrg;;uiicd. Tllt CS artillrry lcpt VS foru.s in the 01~n ground ~£1 nf Sand R1cfge al b~y, firing canisre1·1 bllt nu firr ce>uld be brought In hear !Ile mg thr wooded ndg~ ,t;df 'Inc 1,Jnion adv.ma• along the CIC'll filcef/U \])~ g1.1"\ 10 IL'fll'C-Phil$(! four, Rear Guard Actlo,r ts~~5(lll~tploycd two rtgimtnu (5\' A11nd 42V II) BCl'OS$ I.ht ,idgt' 10 slow lhe US adYan<.'r. Sl'vr.ral rqp.111tllH1Ud auacks \\'Cr<.' repulsed, .md for a. brief time fighting w.i.s fit-!'QJ and h,md•ro•hand. A«orcHng lo Henden.on, allors oflhl' Slh Ohio changed hands six IIIJlC.. ;\ budt u( US <'.tvalry 11dvan«d -.loulh alon~ 1hr road (n1;. 62.1 ), hut ~t cht<lttd by f.urucon 's avalry. Darknes.1 mil~ the ti8filing Phast Five. ~ Re\r~ll JAoaon \\~lhd.rcw itlong "Stunc LAne" pas! lhe Magill t-lo11tt and south alo11g lhe Va]cy Pike. A!ihby rtmaiMd with l~c C1v11Jry.-t ffanonsvilJe, whik tlu infamry 1ve111 c.n lo Nc,'l!o111'T1 (Stephens City 1, lxk.son sir pt In the corner of a uiJ fmet near &r!Otl$vtllr:. US lorel!~ dio not r11m1e 290 CUllllEJ'IT CC)~J11TI<JN or TH~ BA lTI f:FJELD The rorc uea of 1hr barlltfield 1\'hcre rhc maior Urnon attackl O~(Urred is lll5~<!d by the.-.four lanr r1e. ,1 bypw, bm 1he ~ICtrl .and elUlc:m pnruons or the field are: 1.t1 rrfati~I}' pnstme condiliun. l he \1/tStCrn portion, scene of lhe most 111te11~1.• figh1i11&1 ls the Glass propc:ny, &Lle of lhc 1840, Gill!.': House (in the lllltle family) 'the propmy pmcrvcs all of rhe ot1gb1,1l l:ind como11r.. a.ntl mnna.nr~ o/ sione frnccs I haL ligvnd promil\Pnlly iu the: battle-. Part of ,he riropel'T}' is farinc<l u it w.is dunug tl1t Clvil W,u. but Ilk '"°'1dlam.l along Sand kidge is mot~ ex1cn~rvc onw lb,,watthr iime nfthe bilnlc, To thcC1lsl ,s J'ln1chard~, Hrll and 1hr P1itch11rd C.rim propcrt)•, Pn1d1ard's Hill .km.Id&) a Union a1 Lilll!ry mon§P(lillt durm, Flt$1 Kemsmwi1 an'1 wns the<entet of figJ1trng for Sr:cond Kerntll'WII Th,s prurtny from rte. 028 lo the: hi'ilonc O~!lqllOO C:burch ;u,d north of rl<:. 652 ~ a~ ii} v~ry good co11dlli1>n. 'fht am of ~lurml~hlhg c\n 1hr. morJ1i11J_1 of tht-b.1ttlt .t.long the Valley Pike (US 11) ha,; been da1med by indu11rfal, co1UJ1u!rcral, :ind reJKknual dt,•rlopmCl'l1nn<l 1s 1ml. Li1t.le remaitis-oflhe ori3ln~I h,mllet of Kcm.,h'iwn other than liQsc's Ordimry, wl\Jch has hren m10,,a1cd Lito al'l'ia $Jr.>Cf. Tho ilrt'.a wberc the rc~r wie1rd •ction \\'U fo11ghl un S<l.t1t.l Ri~ge: Is uccupifd b~ B how;fng dcvclopmcml. The Ullportimce nf thfs ground i.~ cnhU1red by ,r~ 111iuillancc en two m11jC11 .Sh~'Tlandoah ValJ(!y 1,:;1mj1,"ligns, rf.ACE!P'JlON Or 'f HREA ~ t O 8A TTU'..fUi!J) l,Md e;ist t>fUS 11 nlOJ'lb th~ ri1i1Joad tra<~~ hil~ bct'II •Jcveiopai for a la~r-srnle lrulusui:1l/b\1$iness ~1ark. Route-! I is wo\'.cl c;i1mmttm,d{111dustrW and ha.. Ileen dtn5ely JeveloJ>td th,mt.<1u1h ofKcmAtown 10 lhc Winc.hc:s1cr \lly lirnitt cau~l.ns ronmn ov" pote111ial dc~clopment pl311~ west ofUS 11, A county ?lannin~otik,al I\Oll.'..1, howcvl.'r, 1hat w111ersherl and grow1d w.1!cf u1nsidcr111ions-make ,kvelopincnt in tht Pritch~rd's Hill and S;.nii Rldgc. m~s I~ '1esirablt. Tht~ r.1c101& would llt't'd tn Pe ,on~ldtrcJ brfou: aoy dcvcl,1pmcr11 plpns would be 11pproYt'.<t Rrtltlr_"tial ci~eloJ)lncnt is ,mcm11ChU1g un 1hc-nu11h..m p~n of Pntclmd\\ Hill. l'or 1hr 1)1"£$f!nt. ~ ll\f&c: ~ort/un 11fll11s limd remaina in priv11!r. owncrshlp and has bu11 alkrtd liule ,in~ lh!.' Qvil Wbr fh~ GI= v1vpm)' h.1s Ix-en pla,oo in lhe Clen Burm< 1·rus11-nd 1'n1,hAtd t';nm ~nn .and .idjacc.nt poni\Jn~ of l'1iLchard'$ Hill .m nwi,c-<l hy 1 he Clmlts Hr.rd)' Grim l;starr. " 1DEl\'TIF1W SITES ANU Pf.AT\.IRES A.'.SOCIATED WfllJ THI:'. BArn.emiw ( l)NSl.'RVEVEl>'") B1rte1osvitlr Mill udu Cra-k. G n1dc llront RoyAI f<h;)d Glus HollM' Hogi:'s Ordinary ~logi~ Run l(crns\c:wn Magill Hou,-c' Mid~lt-Road Old Town Windiesler Opequon Church1lnJ Lc111ctc1 )' Pritchard Hou!°K Pritc:hud 's Hill SAl\d Rrrlgt Spri11gd.tl1; )it(lllt> Lane S\Ont W.all~ l'oU G:uc (Jilt' of) Valley Pik~ 291 StudyAnJ Acre$ :Prrcrrn l.ANDUSE/ l..ANl1 coVnR Ruih up I.and 1,782.8> 44,'.!5 Agrirullurnl tmd 2,091.88 ~l.92 Fore~, I.and I s • .31 3./U Total 1,029,04 roo.oo G!S ASSFSSMENT OP lNT~GlU'n' lletained lnle-grity t mt lnlegril)' Level of lnlcwJ1y 2,245.39 ~5.73 1,7~3.M 4.f.Z7 r:111r l ABLE I 1991 ViNDUSE/LANDCOVf.K FIR!IT K'ERNSTOWN ~hn'IJ:l'J£LD C:<mArea 7 Acrq Pera:nt 454.41' 29.2., 965.69 62.IS 13~.63 ,R.1\0 l.553.80 wo.oo I ,097.2Y 70,t\l 6U9 29 3(1 t11lr 292 293 !F"rede.r fck Co.I 0 1 le filt111irlHt •t••r\ly ~ ... ~1"11li, StWjN'IO....,_,., 01,w..,.. ......... ._.., s,, .......... """ Cl>u•b' or e11., ... , ... ,., 294 SECOND KERNSTOWN (24 JULY 1864) C:Oua1r1 Fredenck, VA an~ City ot'Wi11d1c~1c1 Gtn11J"'21 LOi'.AtiOll! iJS 11 (V:illey Plke}-ancl 1-logt! Run; Old OprQU0rt Church I~ ,µrn,xJ111:i.111 C('nter Ill' the field; pti1chnrd's H.111. GIS lntegnty of Study/Core.Are-.t~;30/52 ~ct'm: l'ot,1/ r-air Field l\$~sment of Study /lrca fn\cgr1ty: Pow Olmpoign: Jl.llrly'~ Marylai1d'Camp;1ign Prirtripal Cnn.1nta1idtl'Sl /r} I.I. Gen. Jub~I Rarlyr ltf/ l!tig Gtin. Goorgt Cr0f1lr. Porce5 fngagech j(/ Four infantry di111siO'l1$ (<Aroollr Ro.des, namSt:ur, J,fld flreckiJ1ri(li.;e/WnnnM), four hrig1ules of cavalry, 11nd utillciy, wtalling about 13,000! /11/ Thr~inf.nu,· dlVi&111n, (Thnbum, IJuval. 011d Mllllig11 n), ~VO c,waU')' dlv111.ion8 I A verrU .ind Duffil\ ), ltfl~ 1htce batict!u c,if 9fiillery1 numbering about J O,()IJ(l CMu,tltitt: {<! unreported, nt 6.00 ( lOOk/St)OW)~ /14/ llboul 1;200 ( (20k/6()(h~/480m&,) Signific.aoc:c: l,i fatt lune ,snd ~,1rly July 166'1, Lt Gt'n-Tubul A !:!arl~~ Coufcdc.r.ue anny im:d lhHtr~ltgic ShemmdMh Valley corndot lo tmnri1~ Mal)'land1 defr.at ~ Union ,J.rmy 111 M1mo,;;icy, 11nd march on Wl!shingt1111, D,C. Only \hf dlveniM of reinforcr:ments from tbl' Army of th~ Po1omat• ~ed d01~,, fr, tJ,r: trencht-s hefun ('c1er~1>urg, IIJtJ\rd bxk Ult' i1wa~iun. J.111ly reiurned 1~ 1 hi: Vall,y 11nd i!Chfov~d a dcci!Jve \'.ic101')' nvtr George Lrook'ttornmand ill ScuinuXi:mm,wn 111124 July. Hr .\Lib~quentlr swl ..i~alry 10 b11,·n Chamber.~bucg, Penn• $Vlv:111l~ on 30 fuly, 'l'he-;e <iJi;a.ste:rs forced l.t, Gen U.S. G1•at11 10 lake imruedatcadi,m to solve I.he. Valley ,,,obJem, 111e VI Corps .u\o dcm1111tR or the XJX Corps wi:R retutn<'!tl I() the Vallc:y aod u11lled wuh Crt,ohcor,,~ (calleu I~~ Amir or West VJrgi11ial, Additional r.avaley units W~l'l' rliverled lc'.l liil! Vt\lle1i, M1m: unportantly, Gr.1111 111nfit'd the V<1riou~ mirHary dlmii;IS or thr.: region uito lh<." Middte Mllf1;ary District iln~ n1,p"il'llec! M~j. Gm Philip Shcrl'dao a~ overall ~omlllilndcr, Shcrld:111 IOQk comman~ of the "~ly chtistcnrd Army nf lht' Shcnandn~ M 7 Augusi at Hnrµ<:rs Ferry, 5hendan's JC11d?r5h1p and h1~ ~1rnnf)y reinforc<'<l am1yntr11cd 1h? tidu~n~ Coufcd~rQlC pow~r in 1he Sl1m11ndoah V-alli:> Rulherfvrd B. Hares, later ptt!.ii;ient of 1.hc IJniloo _<llat(s, cotntn;,.ndeil a br1&3dtt during ,he banlr on the left o{ thr::US line. John C. li/'tddnridge, rormer ~n;11orand vir;c president Qf 1h~ UJtited State., ,;c,nnnnndcd the Co11fe.l~ra1c alvision lhat cunfwnted Hayes, D!!!iCIUM1<1NOPTHK BATTLE PhosP One. Sl<innishlng st Kcrmco\\'rt (2.t July): On 1h, ifwm,on afl~ July 11!64, CS i!nvalry aiJvauc,:d aggrer..-~ively dow11 th~ ValJer l1ikr, driv111g llS ~valry from Nt-.Vl<i\1/ff (Stcphcrn City) ln l<cirnstQ1,vc\, llrig, Ccn-1.iaotge Crook ditca«i Duv,1l's infantry diVl"nn 10 dtl'lor ~,ros§ 1l1t· pike ;md c)t:41" <hf towi, uf (',0111~cr.i1e.~, ,vh1ch they d"id with lillle <liffir.ully Crook lhun wilhdrrw his m~.lllry IQ Winch1:5ter btllind Abrams CrQ~k., Je.,y:nia bngadc uf ~vt1l1Y 10 ~kkei )(ernsiown. 'Tht CS 11m1y tn(llmped 111 lhe 1'.ic111!Ly ,it $tmburg wi1h headLJUiirtef~ fit the lscndricki Huusi:: ~mf.l!urlll Gipon Grade, Rode~~\ fiAhcr's ~lll. Whilnon ,m~ Gordon oil Hupp'»tiiJL The Cj cavalry wilhQrt:1<'t01'1~ ,,cini1y nfNewiown_ 1'bll&I! r~'9, Advance of CS lnf'llntry (2A. july); Al J!rsl lish,, lhtCS infantry left their elli:ampment~ n~r S1rasbur11 an,i ;idvanced dnwn \he Valley Pike. At Sart,,n$ViUll', Ra~rulivlslon was dlrt,'trd west nn ide mads to t11~ Middle Rt;111d, (ior&m, Vv'hartun, RnJ Rt.dct, continued .th-t>Ad on the pike far!y -~n\ n"'1-'0lumns of t:1valry lo the tlll~I ;n1d wc;st on n Widc-tnnging_ mar1e11~c1 1o<'Mverge ou Wlnd,esrcr end the f'Cldtriu rear. Cuviilry lecl the adv11nc-~<lo\m thepil-..e, e<1mins..up ~io.~1 the m.,in 1JS forl.'r 111 I<cr,,SU•>wn ~b.,u1 l 000 hours, 1\boul noon, the vangu:11 ti ti[ the CS infunuy rMched K'cm~town. Gordon deployed 10 tht lefl ofth,rValley Pike, ½1iartun In 1h~ rig!11, R11mseur dcploy~d atr(1,,, tlw M1ddl~ ~ot1d a1 Mt-$ Ma5l;ie'8 ho~. Rodes. moved ea.l frQm ll1c Pike, followi rig ll rn\'ll\t. 295 Civll WM Srlt.s JX rnr.SHf.tveJ-100,•JfViULl'Y cWVlf.lGINIA P~Thrn., US Deplb)'Jl'lent Pl"\ Pl'i1chard'9 Hill; Cm11k , eccived fnfom1,lliOJ\ th:11 fdtly' ~ ;i rmy wns-apptoachin& :1nd broughl 1wo 11fh15 three ~iv,,tnna 1nm line: /llijl Jlorih o( fl or,e', k "11 at Kemstown, M ulliglln'~ div15111n hdd lhe US renter l>ehind ;ulooe frnr.e a1 lhe PnTdl!ltd Holl~ 1illpported by ()!pt Henry r,.llil1onl's arliliery mam:d on ]>cit<"bard's l fW tn h,~rcar Duval'$ twCI tingadirk ,were t,cpatated and _pos!td on Mullig_an ':, !laJlK.$ with H:iy,a' brigade extending th~ U~ llnr mt of1lle Vallt>y-l1ikc A itronc s1orrnrsh line w.is })O&ted neu Opc~uon Church, Tiwburn's .liYl~for was '1e!d 111 n:Jerve on Pritc.-h;1rd'~ H,U ro 1be right r~.lf o( th~ m;ifo HS li11e. Cav!llry ptot«tcd tXlth (hi.nk.'l, P.tiase Four: CS /\nadc o-n Crntc:r. About 1101111, Gordon's 1Hviilou adv,mt;eo iii !in~ wes\ of tht pil<t; drhrng.t,ack.lhc. ~kirm11hm 111'ld doJiug with the main W lme in the vicinity o( O,itql.lOll Churcli. MuUlgan d,vision count('r~ attacked. suppm1cd b~ l-t aye\ nn fn~ left @d tooll po.>51?.t• !lion of 1h~ churchyard. Soldier& shdtered 1hm·frnm llie i11len~r,Jiring behmcl slonr-fcnce~ anrl hr~dsttnic~[h the et111CJl'l)', (iordOn ,~1•0-uped ~nd ii,g~il\ advauced, ~ompellingM.ulligan lo fall ha,k 2,:,0 yards \(I the, ~mrte fenQ: alon~ Prftdmd's l,11ne. Gordon reuchcd Op~"CjU,m Church hu1 rolll'1 m<1kc no fur1hi'r .h~adway, CS artillery was brou~f up aou.lh o(tr.e d\Ul'ch ti> ensa~ USllrtlll.t!)1 011 Pritchard'l Hill, On~ of\oV~Arton's brigadr:s t:Mll' i1110 lin~on Gordon'~ nghl. C-.t00~ repo~ili<in1.-dhis forces, l~uvaJ'~ ng}11 n~qk b,·,gade \VllS rl'lllVCd Wt'S\, astridl' l\,11ddlr. Road, 1'hoburn '.s cliviskui m!i bro11s}i1 fMw.m.l 10 fiU lheg,"J.P lietwee11 M11liig.111a11d Du~L l:lernc111.rnf Duffits cayalry. ~11ppurtc:d the rii;hl ll9nk .in the M1ddJ~ kootl .wd p1ckc:1M Cedctr Cr.i'C k. Gradt' to the wcs1, Plia.;e fjvt. CS Att1ck on .Lt!1: RitmM."Ur's 1.Hvi~ioll Clime inlcl lim· from lht Middle RooJ mt Cordon's )cfl ~J1d ddvanced-Co1do11 shifted a hri&1de to 1he QpeTI ground Wc.\.l of Optquon Chun:J\ .1od ac?vancecl "g;iin~ Thoburn UHQl'junct!Otl with RtunStur. W[thoutortlrraC:,oroon'~ hrigado .)Hacked 1.11d d!slodgl-d US 1roop.~ sheltering ~hind tWll sLOnr fences, lhoburn wi1hdrew1o I.ht bilst of l'rikllanl •~ Bill, brndirt{: hi, line ti~d: to the. north a,1d i:iposing Mulligan1~.rlghl flMk, f<ijm~ 11dvanml in forre, wheeling ri(tht 10 .;onfro,11 TJmb11rn1s linr and bringiqg i1 J,cavy chfili!ck flrr ig.ilt\S\ Mulli~~r\'ll Jl11r. PhQscSiit. CS Attod~ on !Ug.lit: Wha.,IQn'a divfa1on mlf>'M along the ptlgll cas1 of the l'ike lo I hreaten the US IJI .Bank '.1!1 be!d D)' H~ye.~. t!.k,ncrll~ o( AVe~U':i (',IVAlry \ltvisio11 Were 111 positll:Jn to delay this rnantu,·tr hut \,~thd!'t'W without <'llgngin~, tn wniul"li:tion with Ram~eur'R .td,'llnce on 1ho CS leH, Wharttin il.llacMd ob111,1( j ~ov h~urg :l!lci ciutd<ly tmnrd 1he US leti. Hayc5 ,mealed IQ 1hr stonf walls thnt linc:d,1he v.,Jler ;pi.kt ,m& rallied hi~ b1.1g11dc:-, f;iang easr .at rlghl ,ing_lo-10 11-tc center hEl~ by M\J.lligan, PhaM!S~en, US Rctrcill: Thrccr<.:S divi!iions nnw cnovctl fn cdhf<'l1 10 envelopL' th~ VS cl!n~i-Mullig;i111s tlivmon W-J• 11J1drr fire from 1hr~c dlrl-<:t[ona. While trying to direct thi: dt<fonse, Mulli!lJln hinmlf wa5 pin(",'(] by lh•~' l'nirW balUclnd foll ,npnally wound£-d. "Lay me dow11 and savr, the col1Jrs!" he.sn11p~l a1 Ult effims "lh" lri\!d to M$•it t-0111. 1'11c, I.JS Cl'otcr collap~t'd1 and snldicf, beS,an ~treaming to 1hci rear, H:i~s• bris,1dc ~tPOd long enough on~ tml t,( Pri1ehatd'~ Hill to allow the US aiilllru-y lo t:~a~ ~lcmci,ta of D11fRl's U\lalry m;sdc ~ bril!f tOUtHet auack 4[c)1ig the Middltt Road, buying lime for ihobum's. diviS1011 •o retire ,Ii (Cli!UVcly goqd orcler. Phak fight, Rtar G11,mLAG11ons; 11 br1i;aJk of Thoburn'~ div1s1on made a s1and nea, lhc lQll gatt lll 1h,: in1tim~tio11 r>f lh\> \/11lley Jllkc and ud;ir Crctlt Gr.11Je1 -1vhUi· IJ\t rest of CrMk1l infantry relr~terl through lh.f-stret.li of Win.hes let. Rodrs' divi~ion, in the me.1nlime, oo~~ f1om th!:! VnU~r Pik, In the Fron! Roy.il Road ,md 111ar1:hcd north to cut off the f-edu.'1 re1re;it, meeting c.mly lighl oppo~lt.ioi1 from Ult Us c.11°alry. Rodes foU01ved tht ~l~ml form north 10 Steph-~i,son's Depot, laking }mod.reds of pn.son er6 until dAr.kr'te$$ endt1d thi: purs1,1t1 'rheCS cavalry did nnl -adv11nte as F.arly expc:cled, Thi: di~o,ganiwl ~era! 11rmy re1rcatecl to l~IJJl'=tr Hill whe~ ,1 ri;g,rouped. Crook continued thr: ~l(tat befor, dawn .ind e'll:nU1aUy ~chd tht .l'otomac River on 27 July, F1.1t a fe1'( U!i)'!i after tJ,t-b;i1dc, Ftd1:rw pnwm:r.s were htld In Star For!, CORJlF.NT C.ONomoN OF TI m lJ,\'fT\Jv'):RIJ) Tht co~ o( the b~11 lefi~4. Utt US ~ntc.,r :ind goal of ckds1ve CS iil.™lul~ is: Pr,tclm1·d1s Hill and the Pritcl\ard f.irrn,<1wne<l by lhe Charles Hardy Grim Estate, Th: "!>ritchaf(I-Cfini" p1c~rry (roughly f.-orn * 6~:1 lo Prltdlilrd'!i Hill.ind fr1,1m rte. &211 to lht' HiS!ot1c O~(!()U0II Church1 about 200 acre.a) 1e agm:ultural land that retain i a rn~rk(d ,imilatil}' !¢ its Civil Wt.r ~IJPl!l'rai,e-~. 'Jle-propmy features a firu· briJ:k ;mtchr:llum U1'UCIUJ'C (Ptlt11hard Ho11~)1 a &ame 1em1n1 noUStl, a11d ~\.-r.tal 296 Cly11. WM s,m JN TttESHF.t-1,'INOOi\li V..u...tiVOF'VtRGJNJA. 1111tbuildin~ (ha( <la1rfrorn the timr of JI~ h.arilt-. Col. /Mll~S Mulli~, ~Otn.trulnder u~thc Union ceu!er, w115 W(rnnded in front of'~tul died 1n the l'ritchard l::foLISll twt, <lay~ after 1.hc-~ame, Th~ s1orw (r1ice (f~te11dcd hy Mulligan•, in<Amry still l'UtlS illort~ l1nt,hard's Laue. <:.'i forces at111c.b:d arrross 1ti, opr:n rueadow.rovth or'tho housr. flti1ch.1rd'.t Hill S(f\'cd t1u Union illil/fory itrongpoint amt \l'M ilS5ilnhed dit«tly dunns !he bmk's doing phase:.. Opequon Clhm;h wa~ lbe focal ~ 1 n I of m ilfoJ iighti11g1 the nngtnol b1.1iJding w.u desltoyrJ during the War l.J1JI rebuilt io I 896, Un1Qn iicw1wts dtscrihc: firing hom bel1i11d !0111bsto11r:~ in U1e cem~l~l'J( An adjacent p:i~1 (~nur,dcci hy rte., J7, c«lnr Crctk Grad¢, and M,dale Road ro-the Wb1chc,;te, dry 1im11sl ,~ prlmarily agriculhmil with .wine 11c1v reddrnc:culr;,ng MiddJe Rolld ,md Cedar Creek Grad!!. 'Jhis land. aboul 215 li<'.n.'S'1 WA~ ~~niCk-ant durin$ Pits( l<t-m~tm'(tl, ;ind wa,-tr1e lac.tt!c>ri of lhe US farright <11 Second Kcrnxlawri, anclioml 4.1n Sand Ridge-unlit turneJ ~y Ramse~r·s aa\l,U1ct. Of !1.holll :t.200 .l<'.'tc~ of haitlelirld ,or!.'. excluding R(ld;~1 p11rauil and c.ivahyactions . .1n esrim:11td 515 a~ nf CQ-Oliguous op~n ground rtmain$ .. Ram!iL'ur's di!pkwmcnt :irea on Middle Road Is b1Stcted bythi: lciu,·-bnr fie. }7.byP~ Gordoi,'s neploymcnt are;t ii oc.cupi~d by an i.ltdllstrial b11iJcfin~ and ~ hnming sobdivisitm, 'the areij whl'ff. \\'hart1111 [Jl;ide his decisive nanking mo\lcmcnl and 3t!ack HuthErfor~ ll. T·layes' t,r1g;ide is o«"UJ'l«I by e high dci,~[ty inclustriaJ p.irkalons US 11 am! the railro.11tl corridor, !Jmsi! 1ndus1nal and commrrcial (.l~elfjpmem char!'ldtt:ri).c~ th~ land a<lj11cen1 r<>an.d t.i$t MUS JI. The 11rjtchard0Gru,, propet1)' an<! 1'1ri1charcl'a Hill m Qic la6t pQtlions a( open iirwnd fputh of Uii: W1n~hest~r city limits, Mos1 his1oric buifdings of.old Kc:mitown hav~ btt:I'\ loit, with the Ml.$bli:r.tcc1,>h<>n ilH-lcigc's Ordinar)' or !li:cmcr'5 Tavi;m, .,._.hkh h,1~ be.et, r<'novule<l in1n offic.<'< sp~L'~ a»d-lind10~11 fi-.Jt,ao." of/icc-co,-nmcrdal devel11r• mc:nc, Ti,yJor provides a u/il'luI drnwfag ot thfo ~rucmtt iu his "6k~chbook. Th-, f-tcd(rick Collnl)' lfo1onc.al .Society has r<.-a?nlly erected new Ulterpretlvc $lgrlS ~nd i it1a.p arlj:mm1 to Opeq\lm• Church, mll!<lng the.atll(m nm~ ,9m_prelnmsiblt' 1 o \lisltors. P/!.RCl-:fl119N ()f T!UU'ATS TO TI-IE Bh'l'l'Llil/JlilJ ► L.1nrl ellst c,( US ! I (Vallt:r Pike) ,,Jon~ ,he raUm,1111 tr11cJ11 h.i~ h1:en developtd fof a largc:-scalt inch~u•ji.1/ bmll'I\!.~> p~rl,,. ~Outr I Ii~ routd runonl'l i.,,l!l!ndumfal 11nJ hu~ ~c-n d~nsdy drvd~d from loLltll IJf Kermlm..,,, lo the Wmch<'Sttr dcy limiu, ca»ning ,oncr.:rn OV<'r potcnliiil rfo1eloprtit-rl( plans west of tue J11.!\l;w"-Y. A n~w bµ510e!isfoffk~ r~rl: WtlS tec<'1:HI>• comtruooo l\C.Jlr th,: tl\ll'rmH lo I hr Opt'ljuon Churcl1 with Hn~'s Ordinary a, ii.~ centrr pici:~. !'I ,ounty piam1mg oflid..:ll nolw, however. 111~1 wa1cr&hcd an<i :ground wat~1 ~nsicli:ratiOTJs ma~e devdopmtrtt in t¾e Pcit~hard'~ Hill ;mrl Sand Ridge.-art1115 1~~ Qt:sfrable. Thc~c facton wouJd nc»:f I~ be ~nMdel'ctl befotc A11ydevelopmc111 pfam \VOttld b~.s,~prnvcd. R~de111t-.d dcvclo17m,mf I~ .r11cn1aching on 1hr north~ parl of 11!itclmd'5 I !ill. rol rht pt~nt, a )f!rgt portion o( this t11.ttd fCmain5 m privakuwnmhip and h11! l,c~ ~lt;red littfr-~nrfthe Cfvil War The ~ritchAtd•Gtim fann a11d ~djaei!nt portimJ~ 11f P1·itd1an.I\ Hill QTl' owned by U\c? Charles l;;irdy rirun &irnt\'. 1DP.t\'11f1WSIT£S AN!> f,M~ A~~OCIA'rEO WITli TH.E 8A TTLli.Flt.l r> ( UNSllRVllYllD•J Ba ctl,'m111ill~ M 01 Buffato Lick Run Ced~r Greek. Ct.id, h,1111 Royal Road Glils, I-lour~ Hoge', Or<lim1ry Hng~•~ t\tlll Kem~town Magill HoUM!"' Middle Roac:I Old 'J'o,.._,, W11,r.lt.i,t~r Opt~l.lorr Churrh .i11ll t:tmrle◄•• Pril~harrl Hopsc l>utdurd'r. Hill Prik~ard's Lanc-&tnd Ridge _.liptlllg<l.'I~ ~te11h{'Tls.on's Depot S'toni"l..anc: Stolit W:1Uo 11'D1lgrne Mtc ,if) V11llu)• F'ilu· 297 ~fod)'Ar~a flc:rt!, Pcr<11nt LAND USE I LN-,1D COVER Built-up J,;uld 2,837.2..\ 48,41 A(9'icullural land '2,799 .,, .17,n Forcuuml 2tJ.1!9 tfj2 TClt~I 51860.83 100,()() GlS ASSESSMeNT OfJNTEGRJ1 Y ~lned lnlfgnty Lou lntt•gricy IL\'d of Jnt®iry L .),025.9~ S'IJ.iJ 2,8)0J8 48.30 fair TfJH.B)l 199! LANO USE/l.ANDCOVE~ SECOND KERNSTOWN BA TI'LEHELD J,I05J 50,i? 1,0,0.~~ 4~,!i 7.1] O~H 'l,.'103,}' 100.(lo l,O~!W1 49,1!4 1, IO$.Oll ~0,Hi Poor 298 -., 7--.::' / r I / ._,J~~:· __ ( ( ~ --· ' .,..,., ~ \ -. .. 3 ~--.h -• " /I 1./ \ rnl•;.?J~rtfr-. • ....,,. "'; ; ~ -. \ \ ...... ., '· Ra~~d MWQ<I!~ lo1 t tnt~rlt~ St~dr lo~c 8oc1ndo,y eo,. Ario 8o••00,v iwGdt S1r4cm1 ond ltMOrl: C:O•ntv or City Bo;indal')' 299