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HRAB 07-17-01 Meeting AgendaCOUNTY of FREDERICK Department of Planning and Development TO: Historic Resources Advisory Board FROM: Eric R. Lawrence, Deputy Director 0-1 RE: July Meeting Agenda DATE: July 11, 2001 540/665-5651 FAX: 540/665-6395 The Frederick County Historic Resources Advisory Board (HRAB) will be meeting on Tuesday, July 17, 2001, at 7:30 p.m., in the first floor conference room of the Frederick County Administration Building, 107 North Kent Street, Winchester, Virginia. The HRAB will discuss the following items: AGENDA I. Continuation of a Rezoning Application Review for the Duncan/Hoover properties. The project will be represented by Greenway Engineering. A portion of the Battle of Rutherford Farm occurred on this property. II. Review of a Conditional Use Permit (CUP) Application for a School with Residential Component. The application will be presented by Greenway Engineering. The site is located within Phase 2 of the Battle of Cedar Creek, as identified in the National Park Service study. III. Other Please contact this office if you will not be able to attend this meeting. Thank you. Access to this building is limited during the evening hours. Therefore, it will be necessary to enter the building through the rear door of the four-story wing. I would encourage committee members to park in the county parking lot located behind the new addition or in the Joint Judicial Venter parking lot and follow the sidewalk to the back door of the four-story wing. U:\Fric\Common\Rezonings\HRAB.July 17.mtg agendampd 107 North hent Street • Winchester, Virginia 22601-5000 ITEM #1 DUNCAN/HOOVER REZONING REQUEST Staff has received a request from Greenway Engineering regarding a potential rezoning of land. Last month this request was forwarded to the Historic Resources Advisory Board (HRAB) for consideration. During last month's discussion on this rezoning proposal, a number of concerns were voiced by the HRAB (see attached letter dated June 25, 2001, addressed to Mark Smith, Greenway Engineering). Mr. Smith has attempted to address the identified concerns in the form of proffered conditions that would be included with the rezoning application (see attachment). June 25, 2001 Mark Smith, P.E., L.S., President Greenway Engineering 151 Windy Hill Lane Winchester, Virginia 22602 RE: Duncan/Hoover Rezoning Dear Mr. Smith: COUNTY of FREDERICK Department of Planning and Development 540/665-5651 FAY: 540/66-4-6395 The Frederick County Historic Resources Advisory Board (HRAB) considered the referenced proposal during their meeting of June 19, 2001. The HRAB reviewed information associated with the 1992 National Park Service Study of Civil War Sites in the Shenandoah Valley, The Story of Frederick County "The Battle ofRuthersford's Farm," Frederick County Rural Landmarks SurveX, and the applicant's proposed zoning district boundaries. Historic Resources Advisory Board Concerns The parcels proposed to be rezoned from RA (Rural Areas) to B2 (Business General), B3 (Industrial Transition), and M1 (Light Industrial) Zoning Districts are partially located within the limits of the Second Winchester study area. The parcels are also within the Battle of Ruthersford's Farm study area. Therefore, the HRAB has expressed concern for the loss of historic battlefields and the aesthetic qualities of the rural community in which the parcels are located. Specifically, the HRAB requests that the applicant provide for the following: Establish a location for historical interpretation of the Second Battle of Winchester and the Battle of Ruthersford's Farm. The subject parcels presently contain two highway historical markers and stairs leading to the site of the Ruthersford's farmhouse. Establishing an interpretive area adjacent to these existing features is recommended. Establish design characteristics that encompass the property's history as the Ruthersford's Farm. - Identify the farmhouse's location, and provide for historic interpretation of Ruthersford's Farm. ,. iii, IJ)it.] i'�i':]1 �i�tii ' ,+i..L,:iSi:`.. �vi.�7171:1 .._Ji): -;1;1i1,. Page 2 Mark Smith, P.E., L. S., President, Greenway Engineering Re: Duncan/Hoover Rezoning June 25, 2001 Maintain the visual rural community elements existing along Martinsburg Pike. Provide berm and landscaping to lessen the impacts non-residential development may have on Martinsburg Pike. Encourage future non-residential users to utilize architectural characteristics that complement the rural community. Avoid standard, franchised architectural designs. The HRAB requested that when the applicant has addressed the above concerns, that this rezoning proposal be returned to the HRAB for a formal action. Please contact me with any questions concerning these comments from the Frederick County Historic Resources Advisory Board. Er1c R''Lawrence, AICP Deputy Planning Director ERL/rsa cc: Dr. Richard R. Duncan, 6141 Edsall Road, Apt 1802, Alexandria, VA 22304-6009 Mr. Stephen L. Pettler, Jr., Harrison & Johnston, 2.1 So. Loudoun St.,Winchester, VA 22601 Mr. R J. Turner, Adams -Nelson & Assoc., 303 So. Loudoun St., Winchester, VA 22601 U:\Eric\Cominon\Rezonings\Duncan.BRAB.wpd Historic Resource The applicant hereby proffers to provide an interpretive area in the location of the old Rutherford Farm House along Route 11 and more particularly at the location of the old' concrete steps that now remain. An easement of sufficient size will be provided for a pull -off area and viewing. Three interpretative plaques will be provided. They are as follows: • The Second Battle of Winchester • The Battle of Rutherford's Farm • The Rutherford Farm House The interpretative plaques will contain language and pictures acceptable to the Frederick County Historic Resources Advisory Board. All work performed for the pull -off area will meet the minimum standards of Virginia Department of Transportation and Frederick County Ordinances in respect to Highway pull -off and safety. Ground maintenance of the interpretative area will be performed by the Rutherford Farm Industrial Park Association. Landscaping A transitional landscape buffer will be provided along Route 11 from Interstate 81 traveling north to the Comprehensive Plan collector road and transmission power line easement. This landscape easement will be 15' in width and will consist of a low earthen mound of 2-3' in height with plantings of ground covers, flowers, and grasses. A deciduous tree of 11/z " in caliber will be planted at 40' intervals along said easement. The maintenance of said landscape buffer will be the responsibility of the Rutherford Farm Industrial Park Association and will be installed with the first commercial development adjacent to said easement. Industrial Park Name The hereby applicant proffers the naming of the Industrial Park to: "Rutherford Farm Industrial Park" ITEM #2 LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT CENTER Mr. Mark Smith, of Greenway Engineering, has requested an opportunity to present a proposal for the Leadership Development Center. This project necessitates a Conditional Use Permit (CUP) for a School with Residential Component. This project is located in the southern portion of the county, along Chapel Lane and the Cedar Creek. The site is located within Phase 2 of the Battle of Cedar Creek, as identified in the National Park Service study. Attached is information regarding the Battle of Cedar Creek, the proposed site development, and a proposed condition the applicant has offered for the HRAB's consideration. It is requested that the HR.AB provide a recommendation that may be made part of the CUP application. Historic Resource The applicant hereby agrees on the condition to provide an interpretative area in the location along Chapel Lane (Route 627). An easement of sufficient size will be provided for a pull -off area and viewing_ An interpretative "lay— ill be ___` :dcd depicting the Cedar Creek Battle and its relationship to Chapel Lane and the crossing of Cedar Creek. The interpretative plaque will contain language and pictures acceptable to the Frederick County Historic Resources Advisory Board. All work performed for the pull -off area will meet the minimum standards of Virginia Department of Transportation and Frederick County Ordinances in respect to Highway Pull -off and safety. Ground maintenance of the interpretative area will be performed by the Leadership Development Center. qon F -I SITE FLAN `�9eArn bone ksyod -Lrc romliN as p �-sjQoo)) CrVTL WAR SITES IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF VIRGINIA CEDAR CREEK "Sheridan's Ride," and offers a dramatic example of the (19 OcroBER 1864) effect of charismatic leadership. Rarely have the scales of victory and disaster swung to such extremes during battle: the morning's brilliant Confederate success was trans - Counties: Frederick, Warren, Shenandoah formed into a Union victory by day's end. General Location: Along US 11, Cedar Creek to Middletown; Belle Grove is a focal point. CS march began from Fisher's Hill. Size of Study/Core Areas: 15,607/6,252 acres GIS Integrity of Study/Core Areas: 89/89 percent; Good/ Good Field Assessment of Study Area Integrity: Fair USGS Quadrants: Tom's Brook, Strasburg, Mountain Falls, Middletown Campaign: Sheridan's Valley Campaign Principal Commanders: [c] Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early; [u] Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan, Maj. Gen. Horatio Wright. Forces Engaged [c] Five infantry divisions (Gordon, Wharton, Ramseur, Pegram, Kershaw), two cavalry divisions, about 15,265; [u] Three infantry corps (Wright, Emory, Crook), two cavalry divisions (Merritt and Custer), numbering 31,944. Casualties: [c] 2,910 (320k/1,540w/1,050m); [u] 5,665 (644k/3,43(w/ 1,591m) Significance: The battle of Cedar Creek dealt the crushing blow to the Confederacy in the Shenandoah Valley and, together with William T. Sherman's successes in the Atlanta Campaign, spurred the reelection of President Abraham Lincoln. The battle can be ranked in size and intensity with the battle of Opequon (Third Winchester) and both are included among the major battles of the Civil War. The Confederate surprise attack at Cedar Creek is considered one of the most daring and successful maneu- vers of its kind and is studied by military theorists today. It was a feat "unduplicated" during the Civil War. General Sheridan's arrival on the field of battle to rally his broken troops passed into American verse and folklore as 109 DESCRIPTION OF THE BATTLE Phase One. US Dispositions Behind Cedar Creek The Union Army of the Shenandoah, about 32,000 men under Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, encamped on the heights above Cedar Creek from near Middle Marsh Brook to south of the Valley Turnpike. On the night of October 18- 19, General Sheridan was at Winchester, returning from a conference in Washington, D.C. In his absence, Maj. Gen. Horatio Wright, commander of the VI Corps, was left in command of the army, his headquarters at Belle Grove, south of Middletown. The army comprised three infantry corps (Wright's VI, Maj. Gen. William Emory s XIX, and Brig. Gen. George Crook's Army of West Virginia), and a cavalry corps commanded by Maj. Gen. Alfred Torbert. The VI Corps was on the far right of the Union infantry on the hills north of Meadow Brook. Torbert's cavalry (Brig. Gen. Wesley Merritt's Division), encamped near Nieswander's Fort. Brig. Gen. George A. Custer's division covered the Back Road and the Cedar Creek crossings in the vicinity of Hite's Chapel. The XIX Corps occupied the bluffs above Cedar Creek, extending from Meadow Brook to the Valley Pike bridge. Crook's corps and an attached "provisional" division under Brig. Gen. John Howard Kitching were bivouacked south and east of the Valley Pike. The vast trains of the army were parked on level ground west of Belle Grove near the pike. Two of the three corps erected entrenchments. The Union left flank was considered protected by the North Fork Shenandoah River and the rough ground in front of the Massanutten and was lightly picketed by cavalry. Other elements of US cavalry covered Buckton Ford and the roads from Front Royal. Phase Two. CS Approach and Preparations for Battle: On 17 October 1864, Maj. Gen. John Gordon and topographical engineer Jedediah Hotchkiss climbed to Signal Knob on the Massanutten to survey the Union position behind Cedar Creek While there, they formu- lated a daring plan to turn the Union left flank, which Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early approved. After dark on 18 October, the plan was set in motion. Gordon's, Ramseur's, and Cit IL WAR SITES lig? THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF VIRGINIA Pegram's divisions, (Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia) under overall command of Gordon, marched from their entrenchments and crossed the North Fork east of Fisher's Hill. They followed a narrow path along the face of the Massanutten, often in single file, and along the Manassas Gap railroad to a spot opposite McinturfFs and Colonel Bowman's fords. After surprising and capturing the pickets, the divisions recrossed the North Fork, passing north on a farm lane, past Col. Bowman's House "Long Meadow," to the vicinity of the Cooley House, where they faced to the left to form a line of battle beyond the left flank of Crook's corps. Gordon's column was in position by 0400 hours. In the meantime, Kershaw's and Wharton's divisions accompanied by the army's artillery, advanced down the pike, by Spangler's Mill and through Strasburg. Kershaw's column, accompanied by Gen. Early, diverged to the right on the road to Bowman's Mill Ford, where it prepared for the dawn attack. Wharton continued on the pike past the George Hupp House to Hupp's Hill, where he deployed. The CS artillery massed on the Valley Pike south of Strasburg to await developments at the front In conjunc- tion with these maneuvers, Brig. Gen. Thomas Rosser's cavalry division advanced on the Back Road to Cupp's Ford Brig, Gen. Lunsford Lomax's cavalry division was ordered to advance on the Front Royal -Winchester Road and then cross over to the Valley Pike in the vicinity of Newtown (Stephens City). Lomax did not advance as directed. Phase Three. Surprise Attack on US Left Flank: Before dawn a heavy fog descended on the area. At precisely 0500, Kershaw's division fired a thunderous volley and rushed the entrenchments of Thoburn's division (Crook), overrunning them. Gordon's force began to advance and a few minutes later smashed into Brig. Gen. Rutherford B. Hayes' division (Crook) and Kitching's provisional division. Hayes' veterans attempted a stand which soon evaporated as Confederates closed in on both flanks of the disorganized units. Union soldiers, surprised in their camps, streamed rearward At the sound of firing, Wharton's division advanced to the creek and deployed, awaiting further developments. The CS artillery raced to the front and opened fire on the XIX Corps from the heights overlooking Cedar Creek A detachment of CS cavalry with Gordon attempted to reach Belle Grove, where they expected to capture Sheridan. By 0530, mobs of stragglers from Crook's and Kitching's commands streamed west across the Valley Pike, confirming the scope of the disaster. Emory with- drew the units that covered the turnpike bridge and attempted to form a defensive line parallel with the pike. As he did so, Wharton's division crossed Cedar Creek at Sticldey's Mill and rushed the heights, capturing 7 guns. Only desperate action enabled the rest of the US artillery to escape. Colonel Thomas Wilde's brigade (Crook's corps) went into line just east of the pike to contest the CS attack. General Wright directed their advance personally and was painfully wounded in the chin. A second US brigade under Col. Stephen Thomas (XIX Corps) ad- vanced to high ground about 200 yards east of the pike and fired volley after volley into the fog, suffering heavy casualties. The stand of these brigades bought time for the Union trains parked near Belle Grove to escape to the north The advanced US units were steadily driven back to Belle Grove. Crook's corps and Kitching's command were shattered and out of the fighting for the rest of the day. Phase Four. VI Corps and XIX Corps Resistance: The VI Corps deployed to meet the approaching assault. While elements of the XIX Corps reorganized on Red Hill, Ricketts's Division (VI Corps) formed a line of battle anchored on Cedar Creek and fought an isolated battle against Kershaw's division which furiously attacked their line. Wheaton's Division (VI Corps) advanced to high ground in the fields north of Belle Grove Mansion, where they were assaulted by Gordon. The fog burned off and for the first time the opposing forces could see one another clearly. CS batteries were brought to bear against the US line. Kershaw assaulted repeatedly but was repulsed. Gradually, all US forces in the area withdrew and retreated northeast along Middle Marsh Brook. Phase Five. Getty's Defense of Cemetery Hill: While fighting raged to his right, Maj. Gen. George Getty maneuvered his division (VI Corps) toward Middletown, seeking to extend the Union line to cover the Valley Pike. When US forces on the right began to withdraw, however, Getty established a defensive salient on Cemetery Hill, supported by artillery. General Early concentrated against Getty's position, launching disjointed attacks with elements of four different divisions which were succes- sively repulsed with heavy casualties in the area near the CIVIL WAR SITES IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF VIRGINIA Sperry House and the Ridings House. The CS artillery massed along the Valley Pike and concentrated a deadly fire on Cemetery Hill. After about an hour, Getty with- drew to join the rest of the army which was rallying, first along the Old Forge Road and then in a salient across the Valley Pike. Getty's stand broke the momentum of the CS assaults and enabled other US units to withdraw north of the cemetery to regroup. In the meantime, Custer's division, after throwing back Rosser's feeble attempt to gain the US rear, joined Merritt on the far left of the Union line, east of the pike and north of Middletown. This concentration of cavalry threatened Early's right flank and forced him to redeploy heavy force in this area. Phase Six. Sheridan Arrives/ US Army Regroups: About 1030, Sheridan arrived on the field after riding from Winchester. He established his command post near the Valley Pike (vicinity of the Dinges Farm) and began to reorganize his forces. The VI Corps was deployed on the left, adjacent to the Valley Pike, with the NX Corps on the right Crook's disorganized command was placed in reserve along the pike. In a dramatic moment, Sheridan rode along the front of the reestablished battle line. The men responded with a tremendous cheer. As skirmishing continued, Sheridan placed a cavalry division on each of his flanks, Merritt on the left and Custer on the right About 1500, he prepared to launch a counterattack Phase Seven. CS Eine Advances to Miller's Mill Road: After the US withdrawal from Cemetery Hill, Early advanced to occupy the hill and called a halt to regroup. He placed his divisions in a line about two and a half miles long, just north of Middletown, and pushed Ramseur and Kershaw forward to Miller's Mill Road. The CS divisions from left to right were: Gordon, Kershaw, Ramseur, Pegram, Wharton. As the afternoon wore on, skirmishing continued and several probes were made of the newly reestablished US line, but no serious fighting developed. Early appeared convinced that he had won the battle and that US forces would retreat after dark Phase Eight. Cavalry Maneuvers/Collapse of CS Left: About 1500 hours, Merritt advanced on the Union left, putting pressure on the CS right flank north of Middletown. Heavy US skirmish lines forced CS skir- mishers back on their main line along the Miller's Mill Road and west. Custer maneuvered into position on the US right flank, confronting Gordon's men near Middle Marsh Brook About 1530 Custer's division of cavalry ar elements of the XIX Corps advanced against the CS left flank (Gordon and Kershaw), which was hanging in the air. Custer continued extending west beyond Middle Marsh Brook, thinning the CS line. He then launched a powerful attack that overran and scattered Gordon's division. The Confederate line now began to unravel frc west to east, putting additional pressure on Ramseur's command at the center. Phase Nine. Union Counterattack: At 1600 Sheridan ordered a general advance which led to fierce fighting along the front. Ramseur's division at the Confederate center near Miller's Mill bore the brunt of the attacks ar repulsed several, in spite of the withdrawal of Kershaw Gordon on his left Fighting raged around the D. J. Mil House and mill until Ramseur fell mortally wounded Then CS resistance in this area began to collapse. CS forces along the pike retreated hastily, although in fairly good order, up the Valley Pike toward the Union camp they had captured in the morning. Delaying actions fought by artillery and infantry units kept pursuing Un forces at bay. Merritt pressed forward with his division pursuing closely as Confederates retreated across Cedaj Creek Phase Ten. CS Retreat to Fisher's Hill: Custer's divisk advanced south along Middle Marsh Brook, gaining & rear of the Confederate army. As the CS rout continue Custer crossed Cedar Creek at Hottel's Mill Ford and joined Merritt's division on Hupp's Hill at dusk about 1830. The cavalry advanced, pursuing the Confederate back along the Valley Pike. The bridge near Spangler': Mill collapsed causing Early to lose most of his artille:r and many wagons. The cavalry pursuit continued afte dark, ending at Fisher's Hill. The US cavalry captured cannons, more than 200 wagons, and many prisoners. The Confederates lost at least ten battle flags, which symbolized the progressive disintegration of the army CURRENT CONDITION OF THE BAT FR•iD In spite of the damage wrought by interstate high, construction, encroaching development in the vicinit Middletown, and a large-scale quarry along Middle N Brook, the integrity of Cedar Creek battlefield is high CIVIL WAR SITES IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF VIRGINIA battlefield core is very large, extending from Hupp's Hill to rte. 633 north of Middletown, and from the North Fork Shenandoah to Middle Marsh Brook The study area encompasses the initial Confederate position at Fisher's Hill'. Beginning with surviving entrenchments on Fisher's Hill, the line of Gordon's flank march can be traced along the base of Massanutten through a pristine natural landscape. The fords where Confederate infantry crossed the North Fork can be located and waded. The Col. Bowman and Cooley houses, which figured prominently in the Confederate deployment, are there and in good condition. Union entrenchments remain on Hupp's Hill and along Cedar Creek Belle Grove (Sheridan's head- quarters) is preserved by the National Trust. Two hundred -fifty-eight acres of the surrounding fields are held by the National Trust and the Cedar Creek Battlefield Foundation (CCBF). An additional 100 acres adjacent to Cedar Creek in the vicinity of Bowman's Fort has recently been donated to the National Trust/CCBF. Cedar Creek Battlefield is registered as a National Historic Landmark. The acreage included within the landmark boundaries fairly accurately reflects the size of the battlefield's core area. The CCBF is currently raising funds to renovate the historic Heater House. The view from Getty's position on Cemetery Hill remains scenic in spite of new townhouse construction at the base of the hill. The Historic District of Middletown is a contributing resource. The D. J. Miller House and the McDaniel House, where Ramseur was mortally wounded, stand. Undisturbed fields to the north and east witnessed the counterattack directed by Sheridan late in the day, although new construction has begun that may impact upon this area. These and related parcels allow in-depth interpretation of the battle. PERCEPTION OF THREATS TO THE BATTT.FFIF.I.n In recent years, the pace of subdivision and new construction in the area has stepped up. An industrial/ business park was built along US 11 south of Middletown (ironically, on the very ground labelled "Cedar Creek Battlefield" on the USGS quadrant). This industrial park currently consists of three large, but low -profile buildings, south of the Victorian house called Montvue. On this crest Confederate artillery massed against Cemetery Hill and General Early established his command post, during the battle. These buildings are visible from many parts of 112 the battlefield. Construction northeast of Belle Grove along rte. 624 would tend to degrade the viewshed of the land preserved by the National Trust and CCBF. A modern house is currently under construction in this area. Tl owea k -f- n ('o At<,Cemete. > T4;11 —A nIA Tn Middletown has filled in with townhouses and apartments in the past few years. Residential development has also occurred and continues adjacent to the I-81 interchange (#77). New construction of several large homes on 3-5 acre lots began in early 1991 and is ongoing south of rte. 634 and west of the Miller -McDaniel Farm (ground has being recontoured). This area saw severe fighting in later phases of the battle. Of all residential construction, this new development is potentially the most damaging to battlefield integrity, because it establishes a foothold in the rural landscape west of town. Other construction has been more or less associated with the existing town. Lord Fairfax College and the new elementary school were built north of town, along US 11, on ground separating the two final battle lines of the armies and fought over by Wesley Merritt's cavalrymen and Gabriel Wharton's, John Pegram's, and William Wofford's infantrymen. The quarries along Cedar Creek and Middle Marsh Brook are large-scale operations that are gradually working northeast along the valley. It appears that the quarry company owns land all the way to rte. 627 and possibly beyond. If continued north another half mile, this quarrying will eradicate the ruins of 18th -century Nieswander's Fort, site of Merritt's bivouac and George A. Custer's decisive flanking attack against John B. Gordon. The quarry works are visually intrusive from various parts of the battlefield. The battlefield south of the junction of interstate highways I-66 and I"81 does not seem immediately in jeopardy because there is no interchange and access to the area is restricted to four county roads. This block of land retains very high ruraUhistoric integrity and contains the Colonel Bowman and Cooley houses. CR IL WAR SITES IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF VIRGINIA IDENTIFIED SITES AND FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE BATTLEFIELD (UNSURVEYED*) 8th Vermont Monument 19th Corps Entrenchments 128th New York Monument Belle Grove Bowman's Fort Bowman's Mill (site of) Bowman's Mill Ford Buckton Ford Cedar Creek Cedar Creek Crossing Clover House at Mine Bank Ford* CoL Bowman's Ford Collapsed Bridge Site Cooley House Crook's Entrenchments (traces) Cupp's Ford Entrenchments Fisher's Hill Fisher's Mill* G. A. Hupp House (site of) George Hupp House Heater House Hottel's Mill (site of) Hupp's Ford Hupp's Hill Long Meadow (CoL Bowman House) Lowell Monument Manassas Gap Railroad Mclnturff House (ruin) McInturffs Ford Meadow Brook Middle Marsh Brook Middletown Cemetery Miller House Miller's Mill (ruin) Miller-Kendricks Structures Nieswander's Fort North Fork Shenandoah River Old Front Royal Road Old Town Strasburg Old Town Middletown Ramseur Monument Red Hill Signal Knob Fort Banks (site of) Spangler's Mill Sperry House (site of) Stickley House Stickley's Mill (ruin) Stone Bridge (ruin) Stone House Sunnyside Thoburn's Redoubt Valley Turnpike Walton House Widow Funkhouser House (site of) Wm. Dinges Farm* 113 CIVIL WAR SITES IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF VIRGINIA TABLE 15 1991 LAND USE / LAND COVER CEDAR CREEK BATTLEFIELD 1« Study Area Core Area Acres Percent Acres Percent LAND USE / LAND COVER Built-up Land 1,649.63 10.48 662.43 10.56 Agricultural Land 9,508.95 60.41 4,158.95 66.3 Forest Land 4,284.61 27.22 1,407.02 22.43 Barren Land. Strip Mines, Quarries, Gravel Pits 297.50 1.89 44.54 0.71 Total 15,740.69 100.00 6,272.94 100.00 GIS ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRITY Retained Integrity 13,976.17 88.79 5,601.10 89.29 Lost Integrity 1,764.53 11.21 671.83 10.71 Level of Integrity Good Good TABLE 15 1991 LAND USE / LAND COVER CEDAR CREEK BATTLEFIELD 1« CRU WAR SITES IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF VIRGINIA I was returning by a shorter route when I came suddenly on a "Jessie Scout" in the narrow lane that led out to Griffith's factory. I had taken the precaution to put around my neck a white handkerchief, leaving a long end hanging down over the shoulder, the badge by which the "Jessies" distinguished each other. Those "Jessie Scouts" were a body of men dressed in Confederate uniforms, organized by General Fremont. The fellow rode up cautiously, his pistol drawn, but? pretended to be unconcerned, showing no disposition to draw mine. He rode a noble dapple gray, and stopped when our horses's heads were nearly together. "Where are you going?" said he. "Going into town," replied I, quietly, but in a firm voice. He then inquired where I belonged, and I answered, "To the same crowd you do—to Captain Purdy's scouts." "Why I don't remember seeing you, though I hav'nt been detailed long myself. " "That is just my case, "I replied He then asked what regiment I was detailed from. I told him from the 12th Pennsylvania, Captain Fenner's company F. This satisfied him; he put up his pistol; and, as I rode up alongside, I noticed a pair of handcuf fs looped over the small strap that holds the saddle pocket to the flap. I asked what he was going to do with the "ruffles. " He replied, "There is a Reb out at old Griffith's, and I am going after him." "Let me look at them, " said I; and, as he stooped to take them off, I quickly drew my sabre— --Colonel Harry Gilmor, Four Years in the Saddle, 1866. 15