HRAB 04-21-98 Meeting AgendaCOUNTY of FREDERICK
Department of Planning and Development
540/665-5651
FAX: 540/678-0682
MEMORANDUM
TO: Historic Resources Advisory Board
FROM: Jeffrey C. Everett, Planner I 5%�
RE: April Meeting
DATE: April 10, 1998
The Frederick County Historic Resources Advisory Board (HRAB) will be meeting on Tuesday,
April 21, 1998, at 7:30 pm in the First Floor Conference Room of the Frederick County
Administration Building, 107 North Kent Street, Winchester, Virginia. Please enter the building
using the rear door, which is adjacent to the Joint Judicial Center parking lot
AGENDA
I. Review of a request to rezone 15 acres from RA (Rural Areas) to M-1 (Light Industrial).
The subject property consists of two parcels which are located at the intersection of Rt. 11
(Martinsburg Pike) and Rt. 761 (Old Charles Town Road). One parcel is currently vacant, while
the other is currently used as a residence for an employee of Allied Wood Products. The subject
property is adjacent to the operations of Allied Wood Products, who wish to rezone this property
in order to expand their operations.
The subject property is directly across Rt. 761 from the core parcels of the Stephenson's Depot
Battlefield that still retain a high degree of integrity. The Stephenson's Depot Battlefield is a
significant site associated with the battles of 2nd and 3rd Winchester.
The purpose of this meeting is to generate a recommendation that will be forwarded to the
Planning Commission and the Board of Supervisors for consideration during their review of this
rezoning application. Please contact me if you are unable to attend or if you have any further
questions.
Attachments
107 North Kent Street - Winchester, Virginia 22601-5000
Background Information Concerning the Stephenson's Depot Battlefield
According to the Study of Civil War Sitesh h Valley of Virginia produced by the
National Park Service, Stephenson's Depot is considered a highly significant portion of the 2nd
Winchester Battlefield. The study states that Stephenson's Depot retains a high degree of
integrity and is by far the best preserved portion of the 2nd Winchester Battlefield. Furthermore,
the study states that the area generally retains the same appearance it had during the Civil War,
The Frederick County Planning Department recently obtained a grant from the American
Battlefield Protection Program of the National Park Service for the purpose of hiring a consultant
to prepare a preservation/interpretation plan for the 3rd Winchester Battlefield. The parcels of
land comprising the Stephenson's Depot Battlefield are to be included in this study since they
could link this battlefield with the core areas of the 3rd Winchester Battlefield via the Milburn
Road Corridor. This would accomplish one of the goals contained in the Frederick County -
Winchester Battlefield Network Plan. Another goal of this plan is that the core areas of the
Stephenson Depot Battlefield should be preserved while allowing for some development.
However, the plan states that new intensive uses in the key areas should provide means to protect
viewsheds as part of their development plans. Currently, there is no mention in the proffer
statement of any screening or buffering that would take place should the property be rezoned.
Since the land adjacent to the subject property (that comprises the core area of the Stephenson's
Depot Battlefield) is not used primarily for residential purposes, there is no buffering and
screening required as part of the site plan process.
Staff feels that buffering, screening, and increased setbacks would be appropriate if this rezoning
is approved. The 1997 Comprehensive Policy Plan states in the Route 11 North Land Use Plan
section that in the Developmentally Sensitive Areas located along Route 11 and Milburn Road,
"adjacent uses which are not compatible should he adequately buffered and screened. "
Enclosed in this package you will copies of the aformentioned documents. Relevant sections of
these documents have been marked for reference.
The HRAB is charged with formulating a recommendation concerning the treatment of this
important historical resource in regard to the proposed rezoning. The HRAB's comments will be
incorporated into the staff report that will accompany the rezoning application.
STUDY OF
�i v lL v V AR �t'�i'r.S l I HE �H NAND OAH VALLEY
OF VIRGINIA
PURSUANT TO PUBLIC LAW 101-628
SEPTEMBER 1992
U S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
INTERAGENCY RESOURCES DMSION
CML WAR SITES IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF VIRGINIA
SECOND WINCHESTER Virginia ever did." The battle was won by deft flanking
(13-15 JUNE 1863) maneuvers and underscores the inadequacy of relying on
entrenchments when confronted by a mobile attacking
force.
County: Frederick VA, and City of Winchester
General Location: Valley Pike (US 11 at Abrams Creek),
Apple Pie Ridge and "Louisiana Heights" W of town,
West Fort, Fort Milroy, and Star Fort; S. of present day
Stephenson's (US 11 S of 761).
Size of Study/Core Areas: 22,274/3,113 acres
GIS Integrity of Study/Core Areas: 48/52 percent; Poor/
Fair
Field Assessment of Study Area Integrity: Poor
USGS Quadrants: Winchester, Stephenson
Campaign: Gettysburg Campaign
Principal Commanders: jcJ Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell; [u]
Maj. Gen. Robert H. Milroy.
Forces Engaged: [c] Second Corps ANV, two divisions
(Early and Johnson), about 12,500; [u] Three infantry
brigades (Elliott, Ely, McReynolds), numbering about
7,000.
Casualties: [c] 269 (47k/219w/3m); [u] 4,443 (95k/373w/
3,975m&c).
Significance: After the Battle of Brandy Station (9 June
1863), Gen. Robert E. Lee launched his plan for a second
invasion of the north. He ordered the Second Corps,
Army of Northern Virginia, under Maj. Gen. Richard
Ewell to attack the US force at Winchester and clear the
Lower Valley of Union opposition. In the resulting three-
day battle (13-15 June), Ewell's corps defeated, routed,
and nearly destroyed a US division under Maj. Gen.
Robert Milroy. This victory (the apogee of Ewell's career)
offered high hopes for the success of Lee's second invasion
of the North, hopes that were dashed on the battlefield of
Gettysburg in July. In the words of Confederate artillerist
Maj. Robert Stiles, "This battle of Winchester... was one of
the most perfect pieces of work the Army of Northern
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DESCRIPTION OF THE BATTLE
Prelude (12 June): On 12 June 1863, the Second Corps of
the Army of Northern Virginia under Lt. Gen. Richard S.
Ewell, three divisions nearly 19,000 strong, entered the
Valley at Chester Gap and pressed on to Front Royal. Two
divisions under Maj. Gen. tubal A. Early and Maj. Gen.
Edward Johnson continued north on the Valley Pike and
the Front Royal Road to converge on the Union defenders
of Winchester under Maj. Gen. Robert Milroy. Despite
the superior forces that were rumored to be approaching,
Milroy was confident that the strength of his fortifications
would enable him to repel the Confederates or withstand a
siege. The ridges west of town were heavily fortified and
consisted of trenches linking central strong points or
"forts". The strongest of these were Fort Milroy and Star
Fort. West Fort, a redoubt of six guns, featured promi-
nently in the action.
Phase One. US Dispositions (13 June): On 13 June,
Milroy advanced elements of Elliott's brigade to
Pritchard's Hill at Kemstown and sent elements of Ely's
brigade to intercept any advance on the Front Royal Pike.
McReynolds brigade was at Berryville.
Phase Two. CS Advance on Front Royal Pike (13 June):.
Edward Johnson's Division of four brigades (Steuart,
Williams, Walker, Jones) advanced on the Front Royal
Pike driving back Union pickets. Approaching the
intersection of Millwood Road about 1400 hours, Johnson
deployed and swept forward, driving Union skirmishers
from behind stone fences. US troops withdrew to high
ground north of Abrams Creek under cover of a battery
and the heavy guns of Fort Milroy. Johnson brought up a
battery and engaged Union field artillery, dri`,ing several
pieces from the field. The CS guns Iacked the range to
reply to Fort Milroy's guns and eventually were forced to
withdraw. Johnson's.advance was stalled, and he awaited
the arrival of Early's division to the west on the Valley
Pike.
Phase Three. CS Advance on Valley Pike (13 June):
Early's division of four brigades (Hays, Smith, Aven',
CIVIL WAR SITES IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF VIRGINIA
Gordon) marched toward Winchester on the Valley Pike
in conjunction with Johnson's division on the Front Royal
Road. Late afternoon, Early's column reached the
outskirts of Kernstown and drove back the US skirmish
line encountered at Pritchard's Hill. US forces retreated to
Cedar Creek Grade and briefly counterattacked, but Early
extended his line to the west, out -flanking successive
Union positions. US cavalry attacked several times up the
Valley Pike to ease pressure on the infantry. Eventually,
the Union force retreated north of Abrams Creek under
cover of the heavy guns from Bower's Hill and Fort
Milroy.
Phase Four. Milroy Withdraws into the Forts (13 June):
After dark Milroy concentrated his forces inside a triangle
defined by Fort Milroy, Star Fort, and West Fort.
McReynolds' brigade reached Fort Milroy after marching
a round -about route from Berryville, harassed by Confed-
erate cavalry. Milroy's soldiers had fought well during the
previous afternoon, and he was confident that he could
withstand renewed Confederate assaults in the morning.
In the meantime, Ewell ordered his third division under
Maj. Gen. Robert E. Rodes to advance on Martinsburg via
Berryville to cut off Milroy's retreat in that direction.
Phase Five. Early's Flank March (14 June): At dawn of 14
June, one of Early's brigades (Gordon) swept forward to
capture Bower's Hill with little resistance. Johnson
extended his line to the right against very light opposition;
there was fitful skirmishing in the streets of Winchester.
Early and Ewell conferred on Bower's Hill and decided on
a flanking strategy. Gordon's brigade and two batteries
were left on Bower's Hill, while Early led his three other
brigades back to Cedar Creek Grade, west beyond Apple
Pie Ridge where it was out of view of US fortifications,
then north over Cloverdale Plantation to Walnut Grove.
His column was accompanied by 20 guns. While Early
made this march, Johnson advanced a line of skirmishers
on theright to occupy the Federals' attention. The CS
batteries on Bower's Hill opened up, touching off a duel
with the Union guns in Fort Milroy. By mid-afternoon,
Early's force had gained a position opposite West Fort on
Apple Pie Ridge. Eight guns were positioned on the
Brierly Farm northwest of the fort, while 12 guns were
placed in an orchard southwest of the fort. By this time
the field had quieted, and the US forces believed that the
Confederates had been repulsed from Winchester.
72
Phase Six Attack on West Fort (14 June): About 1800
hours, Early's artillery opened fire on West Fort. The
twenty guns fired for 45 minutes, while Brig. Gen. Harry
T. Hays stealthily advanced his Louisiana brigade through
the corn and wheat fields at the base of Apple Pie Ridge.
On command, the brigade rushed forward across 300
yards of open fields and swept upward into the works.
After a brief hand-to-hand struggle, US defenders aban-
doned the works, retreating to Fort Milroy. Hays was
supported in the attack by two brigades (Smith and
Avery). Early consolidated his line on West Fort Ridge,
but darkness prevented further gains. An artillery duel
continued until long after dark. After the battle, Ewell
christened West Fort Ridge as "Louisiana Heights" in
honor of Hays's brigade.
Phase Seven. Johnson's Flank March (14-15 June): Ewell
assumed that Milroy would retreat during the night and
ordered Johnson to prevent his escape by cutting the
Charles Town Road. About 2100 hours, Johnson (with
Steuart's and Williams's brigades and 8 guns) marched
north to Berryville Pike and west to Jordan Springs Road,
where he turned north toward Stephenson's Depot.
About midnight, the Stonewall brigade disengaged and
joined the rear of the column, leaving one brigade (Jones)
astride the Berryville Pike east of town.
Phase Eight. US Withdrawal (14-15 June): After confer-
ring with his officers, Milroy made the decision to try to
"cut their way through" to Harpers Ferry on the old
Charles Town Road. All of the cannons were spiked and
their carriages destroyed. Shortly after midnight, the
Union soldiers left their works so quietly that Early's
Confederates did not know they were gone until morning.
The column massed in the low ground between Star Fort
and Fort Milroy, then moved down the railroad and the
Valley Pike toward the Charles Town crossroad, just south
of Stephenson's Depot.
Phase Nine. US Surrender at Stephenson's Depot (15
June): Near dawn, Johnson's skirmishers encountered the
head of Milroy's retreating column near the intersection of
the Valley Pike and old Charles Town road. Milroy faced
his column to the right on the pike and prepared to fight
his way out of a "murderous trap." Johnson deployed his
regiments along Milburn Road as they came up and
advanced to the railroad and placed two guns on either
r
CIVIL WAR SITES IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF VIRGINIA
side of the Charles Town Road railroad bridge. The rest of
the artillery was deployed on the heights east of Milburn
Road. As it grew light, US forces made several desperate
but uncoordinated attacks against the bridge and railroad
embankment. The Confederates were being steadily
reinforced and repulsed each attempt. The Stonewall
brigade now came up in line of battle north of the road
and advanced to cut the Valley Pike. This was the final
blow; Union regiments hoisted the white flag. Between
2,500 and 3,000 surrendered. Milroy and his staff, and
other small units escaped to the west. (Note: US casualty
figures for Second Winchester vary widely. This is
explained by the fact that about two thousand Union
soldiers not belonging to Milroy's command were in field
hospitals in the city and were often added to the number
of captured and missing. Milroy, of course, played down
his losses.)
CURRENT CONDITION OF THE BATTLEFIELD
Contrary to popular perception, Second Winchester is
not a "lost" battlefield. Because of the wide-ranging
Confederate maneuvers involved, the battlefield covers a
great deal of ground, but the major fighting and casualties
occurred at five locations: Pritchard's Hill; the intersection
of Millwood and Front Royal pikes (interchange 82 of I-
81); Abrams Creek and Bower's Hill; Apple Pie Ridge and
West Fort; and Stephenson's Depot. Three of these
locations retain high levels of integrity: Pritchard's Hill,
Apple Pie Ridge and West Fort, and Stephenson's Depot.
The parcel of ground at Pritchard's Hill figured promi-
nently in both battles of Kernstown and in the rear guard
actions of Opequon. The parcel of ground at
Stephenson's Depot figured in cavalry actions during the
battle of Opequon and in the engagement of Rutherford's
Faun (20 July 1864). Although the field over which the
Louisiana Brigade attacked West Fort has been divided by
the rte. 37 bypass, the terrain is still intact and adds to the
interpretation of the battle.
Central to understanding the Union ring of fortifica-
tions at Winchester are Fort Milroy, Star Fort, and West
Fort. Of these, Star Fort is well preserved, while remnants
survive of Fort Milroy and West Fort. Portions of related
entrenchments survive on ridges north and west of
Winchester, although the extent of survivals has not been
measured. The view from Star Fort is essential for
understanding the US position at Second Winchester.
Access to Fort Milroy and creation of a viewshed among
73
trees would enhance the ability to interpret the Union
situation.
The routes of CS flanking maneuvers (Early to the
west and Johnson to the east) can be followed. Eariv's
route traverses well preserved rural tracts north from
Cedar Creek Grade along Apple Pie Ridge. The exact
route can only be followed on foot across private property.
Johnson's route crosses a portion of the Opequon
battlefield and follows rural roads past Jordan Spring to
the intersection of rtes. 761 and 11 near Stephenson.
Much of this course is through scenic farmland, although
the density of housing along segments of these roads is
increasing. Driving this route offers an appreciation of CS
strategy and of the final action at Stephenson's Depot.
Many historic structures associated with the battle
remain in and around the city of Winchester, including
Taylor's Hotel which served as the US headquarters, and
Cloverdale and Walnut Grove, which were passed by
Early's flank march.
PERCEPTION OF THREATS TO BATTLEFIELD
The city of Winchester has grown up around the US
defensive position, which was anchored by West Fort, Star
Fort, Fort Milroy, and connecting entrenchments. In
most cases, however, the ridge crests have been the last to
develop as residential tracts have filled the valleys. As a
result, Star Fort is well preserved; portions of Fort Milroy
remain; and traces of West Fort can be located. Recently,
housing has been built along West Fort Ridge ("Louisiana
Heights") destroying or otherwise segmenting surviving
earthworks. The northern portion of Fort Milroy was
recently purchased for the purpose of development; the
southern portion is owned by National Fruit Products.
Seven acres of Star Fort are owned by a local preservation
group, but the surrounding 50 acres are zoned commer-
cial/business and are currently for sale; portions of
earthworks at Star Fort are in need of stabilization;
grounds would need to be cleared, planted with grass, and
maintained to expand visitation and interpretation.
Commercial and industrial development along rte. 522
intrudes somewhat on the viewshed.
Of the five main engagement areas, Bower's Hill is a
housing subdivision and site of a high school, elementary
school, and water tower. A degraded portion of the field
(also fought over during First Winchester) remains along
railroad tracks west of US 11, but this land is scheduled for
high density residential development. Johnson's position
CML WAR SITES IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF VIRGINIA
on June 13-14 at the intersection of Front Royal and
Millwood pikes lies beneath I-81 interchange #82. Land
contours have been extensively altered and viewsheds
blocked by dense commercial1industrial development in
the vicinity. These two segments for most interpretive
activities have been lost.
Pritchard's Hill is privately owned and remains in a
relatively pristine state. The land between Pritchard's Hill
and Bower's Hill has already been densely developed for
residential and commercial purposes. The Apple Pie
Ridge -West Fort parcel across which the Louisiana brigade
attacked West Fort is bisected by rte. 37 -bypass but is
visually well preserved, maintained as pasture and apple
orchards. Two historic stone houses survive adjacent to
the highway, which runs through a ravine and is not
particularly intrusive to the view from Apple Pie Ridge.
An excellent vantage point for understanding this phase
exists just south of the intersection of rtes. 522 and 674.
The area south of Stephenson's Depot, site of the
massive US surrender, is by far the best preserved parcel of
Second Winchester. Except for power lines and towers,
the land retains its Civil War appearance. This parcel
covers much of the ground where the battle culminated,
where the most desperate fighting occurred, and where
nearly 3,000 Union soldiers surrendered; its significance
should not be underestimated. The parcel is owned by a
local developer, but is not currently serviced by sewage
lines.
74
IDENiIFiED SITES AND FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH
THE BATTLEFIELD (UNSURVEYED*)
Abrams Creek
Milburn Road
Abrams Delight
Milltown
Apple Pie Ridge
National Cemetery
Battery Hill
Northwestern Pike
Battery Heights
Old Charles Town Road
Berryville Pike
Old Town Winchester
Bower's Hill
Parkin's Mill
Camp Hili
Pritchard's Hill
Cedar Creek Grade
Star Fort
Cloverdale*
Stephenson's Depot
Collier Redoubt
Stine's Chapel (site of)
Entrenchments
Stone Houses
Fort Milroy
Stonewall Cemetery
Front Royal Pike
Taylor's Hotel
Jonathan Smith House
Tidball's Spring
Jordan Springs
Tollgate (site of}
Keckley Mills
Valley Pike
Kernstown
West Fort
Louisiana Heights
Walnut Grove*
Middle Road
Willow Lawn*
Milburn Cemetery
Winchester & Potomac
Railroad
r
C
CML WAR SITES IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF VIRGINIA
OPEQUON OR TmRD WrNCHESTER
(19 SEPTEMBER 1864)
County: Frederick, VA and City of Winchester
General Location: Area east of Winchester from I-81
along Berryville Pike (VA 7) to Opequon Creek. Also
combat north of Red Bud Run W to USI I. Stephenson's
Depot. Star Fort. Collier Redoubt.
Size of Study/Core Areas: 11,670/4,914 acres
GIS Integrity of Study/Core Areas: 54/47 percent; Fair/
Poor
Field Assessment of Study Area Integrity: Poor
USGS Quadrants: Winchester, Stephenson
Campaign: Sheridan's Valley Campaign
Principal Commanders: [c] LL Gen. Jubal Early; (u] Maj.
Gen. Philip Sheridan.
Forces Engaged: [c] Four divisions (Gordon, Rodes,
Ramseur, Breckinridge/Wharton), two cavalry divisions
(Fitz Lee, Lomax), about 15,200; [u] Three infantry corps
(Wright, Emory, Crook), cavalry corps (Torbert), about
39,236.
Casualties: [c] 3,611 (226k/1,567w/1,818m&c); [u] 5,018
(697k/3,983w/338m).
Significance. Opequon or Third Winchester (fought 19
September 1864) was the largest and most desperately
contested battle of the Civil War in the Shenandoah
Valley, resulting in more than 9,000 casualties. The battle
was a turning point of the war in the Valley, marking the
rise of Sheridan and the decline of Confederate power.
Sheridan defeated the Confederate army again three days
later at Fisher's Hill (22 September), forcing it to retreat
up the Valley to near Waynesboro. The CS army of Lt.
Gen. Jubal A. Early suffered about 23 percent casualties.
Casualties for the larger Union army under Maj. Gen.
Philip Sheridan exceeded 5,000, nearly 20 percent. The
Union XIX Corps sustained 40 percent casualties (2,074
93
men) and lost every regimental commander during its
assaults on the Middle Field and Second Woods. The
most severe fighting and casualties occurred in the large
parcel east of 1-81, north of rte. 7, west of rte. 656, and
south of rte. 661. The Middle Field ranks with some of the
most sanguinary fields of the Civil War, witnessing more
than 3,000 casualties. CS general Robert E. Rodes and US
general D. A. Russell were both killed within a few
hundred yards of the Dinkle Barn site at the entrance to
Winchester Mall.
DESCRIP'T'ION OF THE BATTLE
Phase One. US Advance (19 September): Maj. Gen.
Philip Sheridan's army advanced from the vicinity of
Berryville on the Winchester -Berryville Pike about 0200
hours, 19 September 1864. At earliest light, Brig. Gen.
James Wilson's cavalry division rcrossed the Opequon at
Spout Spring and advanced through a defile known as
Berryville Canyon, followed by the US infantry (VI Corps,
XIX Corps, and Crook's corps). At the canyon's mouth
the cavalry met the first elements of Maj. Gen. Stephen
Ramseur's CS division and drove them back on their
supports. Johnston's brigade deployed across the pike and
held back the Union advance, while the rest of the division
came into line to cover the Berryville Pike and Senseny
Road farther to the south. The US cavalry launched
several mounted and dismounted charges, driving the CS
infantry back about 150 yards to the vicinity of the Dinkle
Barn. Here Ramseur stiffened his defense with artillery,
and the US cavalry withdrew as its infantry began to
deploy. Wilson's division moved to cover the US left flank
where it remained for the rest of the battle.
Phase Two. Cavalry Action: About 0200 hours Brig. Gen.
Wesley Merritt's cavalry division of three brigades (Custer,
Devin, Lowell) advanced toward Seiver's and Locke's fords
from the vicinity of Berryville. Their crossings were
resisted by Brig. Gen. John McCausland's cavalry brigade
dismounted behind barricades. The Reserve brigade
(Lowell) pushed across at Seiver's Ford against fitful
opposition. Custer's brigade met heavier resistance at
Locke's Ford and made several mounted charges before
securing a foothold on the western bank. By 0800 hours
both wings were across the creek, but the cavalry did not
advance for several hours. About 1030 hours,
McCausland's skirmishers withdrew, and Merritt's
division moved cautiously forward. Waiting for them was
CIVIL WAR SITES IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF VIRGINIA
Wharton's infantry division about a mile west of the fords,
deployed across the roads in woods and behind stone
fences. About 1100 hours, the US cavalry began testing
the CS defenses with skirmishers and artillery. Custer
launched one mounted attack but was quickly repulsed.
About noon, Sheridan's main infantry attack was under-
way, and Wharton's division withdrew to cover the CS left
flank on the Valley Pike north of Winchester. Merritt
continued forward along Charles Town Road. Custer
followed the line of the Winchester & Potomac Railroad.
About 1400 hours Merritt's division converged with
Averell's cavalry division on the Valley Pike near
Stephenson's Depot. (See phase seven.)
Phase Three. Deployment of US Infantry: In the mean-
time, the Union infantry bogged down in the narrow
confines of Berryville Canyon, dashing Sheridan's hopes of
quickly taking Winchester and defeating the CS army in
detail. Maj. Gen. Horatio Wright's VI Corps of three
divisions (Getty, Ricketts, Russell) emerged from the
canyon in order. Getty's division deployed south of the
pike with its left flank resting on Abrams Creek Ricketts'
division formed north of the pike on Getty's right and
extending to Redbud Run. Russell's division was held in
reserve. The XIX Corps of two divisions (Dwight and
Grover) did not begin crossing until after 0900 hours and
eventually deployed north of the pike into the First
Woods, connecting with Ricketts' right. Sheridan
established his headquarters near the Berryville Pike,
probably south of the road on the Eversole Farm. As the
US infantry deployed, the CS batteries opened a furious
fire from behind the Dinkle Barn. Union batteries swung
into action on both sides of the pike to engage the CS
guns.
In the meantime, Lt. Gen. Jubal Early concentrated his
scattered divisions. Rodes' division, marching from near
Stephenson's Depot, deployed to the left and rear of
Ramseur's division in the West Woods. Gordon's division
extended the line across the Hackwood Farm to Redbud
Run. Wharton's infantry and Fitz Lee's cavalry division
drew a line across the Valley Pike north of town near
Stephenson's Depot. CS batteries deployed on high
ground along Balser Lane north and south of the West
Woods, and north of Redbud Run. Skirmishing contin-
ued along Ramseur's front.
Phase Four. Fighting in Middle Field: At 1140 hours, a
US signal gun boomed and Grover's division of four
94
brigades (Birge, Molineux, Sharpe, and Shunk) launched
its attack from the First Woods across Middle Field
toward the Second Woods behind which Gordon's
division waited. CS horse artillery north of Redbud Run
played havoc with the flanks of Grover's attacking line.
Birge's brigade reached the woods, driving back skirmish-
ers, but then came up against Gordon's main line and
were staggered. Sharpe's brigade came up on Birge's left,
and the fighting became desperate. The Confederate line
broke, falling back across the Hackwood property. Seven
CS cannon in the Hackwood Lane fired canister
pointblank into the US attackers, throwing them back.
Gordon now launched a counterattack with two brigades,
driving Birge and Sharpe out of the Second Woods and
back across Middle Field. Grover ordered Molineux to
advance and plug the gap that had opened between Birge
and Sharpe. The firing was so intense that Molineux's
flanks seemed to "melt away." Shunk's brigade was
thrown forward to bolster the wavering Union line,
coming in on Molineux's right rear. Shunk closed to
within sixty yards of the CS line in the Second Woods.
The two lines delivered pointblank volleys into each
others' ranks. Gordon again counterattacked, and the
Union attack collapsed. The wreckage of Grover's
division went streaming back across the Middle Field to
the safety of the First Woods. The CS horse battery
(Breathed) north of Redbud Run again worked execution
among the retreating division. Every regimental com-
mander in Grover's division was killed or wounded;
casualties totaled nearly 1,500. Beal's brigade of Dwight's
division deployed in the treeline at the east end of the
Middle Field and advanced into "that basin of Hell" to
stem the retreat. Gordon's men waiting along the treeline
of the Second Woods laid down a murderous fire. The
Union brigade did not reach within 200 yards of the
Second Woods before being pinned down. They ex-
pended all of their ammunition before retreating back to
the First Woods. The 114th New York suffered casualties
of 60 percent (188 of 350 effectives). McMillan's brigade,
personally directed by Corps commander Nlaj. Gen.
William Emory, advanced. They reached a shallow ravine
about 200 yards from the Second Woods, where two
regiments (8VT and 12CT) clung on for nearly two hours.
By 1300 hours, the main thrust of the XIX Corps attack
was blunted and its ranks decimated. By 1400 hours,
firing on this end of the field sputtered out from sheer
exhaustion.
CIVIL WAR SITES IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF VIRGINIA
Phase Five. Fighting Near Dinkle Barn: At 1140 in
conjunction with the XIX Corps' advance on the right,
Getty's and Ricketts's divisions of the VI Corps launched
their attack against Ramseur's line, which was positioned
on high ground, stretching from the Dinkle Barn south
behind Abrams Creek Ricketts' division on the right was
ordered to guide its attack on the Berryville Pike, which
takes a sharp jog to the left in front of the Dinkle Barn. As
they advanced, a gap widened between the VI Corps and
the XIX Corps on the far right. Keifer's and Emerson's
brigades ruptured the Confederate center at the Dinkle
Bam and moved to capture a battery of artillery in front of
the West Woods. Ramseur's left flank now gave way and
Confederates began to drift back toward Winchester.
Phase Six Rodes's Counterattack Just as Ramseur's left
flank gave way from the Union attacks, Maj. Gen. Robert
E. Rodes brought his division forward from its protected
position in the West Woods. About 1330 he launched a
devastating counterattack into the gap that had opened
between the VI and XIX Corps. Battle's Alabama brigade
"came out of the woods like a whirlwind," crushing
Ricketts's division, which formed the right flank of the VI
Corps. About this time, General Rodes was killed by
shrapnel. He fell somewhere along the woods line. Union
soldiers streamed back along the Berryville Pike, while two
US batteries astride the pike tried to slow the CS assault.
From his command post on Eversole's Hill, Sheridan and
Wright witnessed the disaster. Sheridan immediately
committed his reserves to stave off certain defeat; this was
David A. Russell's division of three brigades (Campbell,
Upton, and Edwards). Campbell advanced his brigade
astride the Berryville Pike with Edwards' brigade to his
right. General Russell, directing these maneuvers, was
mortally wounded. The two brigades struck Battle's
attackers head-on and stalled them in the ravine from
which they had emerged and drove them back on their
supports at the edge of the West Woods—the rest of
Rodes' division. Upton's brigade came in on Edwards'
right advancing from the edge of the Second Woods. The
two divisions—Rodes' and Russell's --closed, exchanging
murderous volleys. Upton's impetuous charge stopped
the CS counterattack and drove it back into the West
Woods. Russell's division was then withdrawn out of
range to regroup. Wright called Upton's attack the
turning point of the battle.
M
Phase Seven. Cavalry Action: Concurrent with the above
events, there was cavalry fighting along the Valley Pike
north of Winchester. About 0500 hrs. the Union cavalry
division of William Averell crossed the Opequon near
Darkesville and moved to the Valley Pike, steadily pushing
back the 23rd Virginia Cavalry, which fought a delaying
action back to Bunker Hill. There the 23VA were rein-
forced by the 62nd Virginia mounted infantry.
About 10 o'clock, Union cavalry attacked at Bunker
Hill, forcing the CS cavalry to retire. Averell continued
pushing south on the pike to link up with Merritt's
division about 1400 hours, near Stephenson's Depot.
South of the old Charles Town road, the Confederate
cavalry units were stiffened by Smith's infantry brigade
(Wharton's Division). About 1330, Devin's brigade
arrived on the road to the depot. About one mile south of
the depot, it encountered McCausland's brigade drawn up
in line of battle and attacked, driving the Confederates
back in confusion. The 23VA cavalry and the 62VA
mounted infantry attacked the Union flank disrupting the
charge. McCausland and Smith retired one mile to the
lightly entrenched line at near Collier Redoubt where they
were reinforced by Fitz Lee's two brigades (Wickham and
Payne) and Wharton's infantry division. Maj. Gen.
Fitzhugh Lee fell wounded, during the fighting south of
Stephenson's Depot. The Union cavalry deployed five
brigades in line of battle, stretching from the railroad west
toward the ridge near the intersection of the Valley Pike
and Welltown Road.
Phase Eight. Crook's Flank Attack About 1300 hours,
Sheridan directed Crook's corps of two divisions
(Thoburn and Duval) to advance from its reserve position
near Spout Spring. The divisions marched to near the
"Factory" on Redbud Run, where they split up.
Thobum's division moved west on the south bank of
Redbud into the First Woods to relieve the XLX Corps.
Duval's division crossed the run and turned west accom-
panied by the artillery of Capt. Henry DuPont. Duval's
division deployed near the Huntsberry House. DuPont
unlimbered 18 guns on what has been named DuPont
Hill, opposite Gordon's flank in the Second Woods and
opened fire. Crook now ordered Duval's division forward
into a "wall of flame." They swept across Redbud Run at
the Hackwood House, turning Gordon's flank and
advancing against Wharton's line, stretching from Collier
Redoubt east. About this time, Thoburn's division
CIVIL WAR SITES IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF VIRGINIA
charged out of the First Woods into the Middle Field.
This two-pronged assault forced Gordon to abandon the
Second Woods and align himself with Breckinridge to his
left rear. The CS line was now drawn into a compact L -
shape, anchored by cavalry at Star Fort. Wharton's
division faced north. Gordon's division made the turn of
the L and Rodes' and Ramseur's divisions extended the
line south to Abrams Creek.
Phase Nine. Collapse of CS Line: With the success of
Crook's attack on the right, Sheridan ordered a general
advance against the constricted CS position on the plateau
just north and east of the town. The Confederates were
posted behind stone fences, rail barricades, and in shallow
earthworks constructed in 1862. They could retreat no
farther without losing organization in the streets of
Winchester. As the Union advance closed from east and
north, firing became fierce and desperate. The massed
artillery of both sides fired case shot and canister. General
Sheridan rode forward to the battle lines to urge his troops
forward. About 1530 hours, as the infantry fighting
reached a crescendo, Averell and Merritt advanced their
cavalry divisions astride the Valley Pike, first at a walk and
then at a thundering gallop. They swept over the CS line
at Collier Redoubt driving back the CS cavalry on the low
ground below Star Fort. Schoonmaker's brigade of
Averell's division repeatedly attacked Munford's cavalry at
Star Fort, eventually overrunning the work. The CS
infantry withdrew to another line about 150 yards to the
rear but the damage was done. The sound of Union
cavalry pounding in their rear spread panic all along the
Confederate line, and soldiers began streaming to the rear
and "whirling through Winchester." Wharton's and
Gordon's divisions seemed to disintegrate. Seven Federal
horseman captured Confederate battle flags, each earning
a Medal of Honor. Rodes's division (commanded now by
Grimes) performed the difficult maneuver of "changing
front" to the north to stop the onrushing US cavalry.
Early's army retreated in disorder.
Phase Ten. Rear Guard Actions: General Early fashioned
a defensive line at Kernstown (probably at Pritchard's Hill
and behind Hoge's Run) which saved his wagons and
most of his artillery. Cavalry and elements of the VI Corps
probed this makeshift CS defense as night fell, but the US
forces were too disorganized by success to mount an
effective pursuit. After dark, the CS army withdrew up the
Valley Pike to Fisher's Hill south of Strasburg. Gen.
Sheridan established his headquarters in Winchester at
the home of Lloyd Logan. Casualties were so severe that
nearly every sizeable structure in Winchester served as a
hospital after the battle.
CURRENT CONDITION OF THE BATTLEFIELD
The Opequon battlefield is large and sprawling,
covering thousands of acres east and north of Winches-
ter. In general, much of the battlefield has been greatly
degraded or destroyed by the expanding urban environs
of Winchester, but several significant parcels currently
remain, perhaps 800-900 acres: these include the Cavalry
Field north of Collier Redoubt, the Hackwood Estate,
northern half of Middle Field and First Woods adjacent
to Redbud Run, and the heights (including DuPont's
Hill) north of Redbud Run. Together, these parcels form
a block of battlefield core that retains a high degree of
integrity.
Many historic structures remain in the vicinity,
including Hackwood; Spout Spring (Wood House) on
rte. 7 adjacent to a sewage treatment plant; an old house,
mill site, and a dye house where rte. 656 crosses Redbud
Run; an old log house where rte. 659 crosses Redbud
Run; Brumley House; Valley Mill Farm; Jordan Springs;
Tanquary House; and others. The Hackwood Estate
dates from 1777 and is a historic treasure in its own right
Preservation of this house and parcel alone would allow
substantial interpretation of the battle of Opequon.
Other parcels, such as the Opequon Crossing and
Spout Spring, Se'ver's and Locke's fords, and the Second
Winchester parcel at Stephenson's Depot (which was
scene of cavalry actions during this battle) would expand
interpretation. Star Fort and Collier Redoubt appear
protected, although without sufficient buffers.
Although hemmed in by development and severely
degraded, the D'nkle Barn site adjacent to the I-81
entrance ramp off rte. 7 is key to understanding the
attack of the VI Corps and Rodes' counterattack. A
portion of the ravine down which Rodes attacked is
intact northeast of I-81 interchange in front of the Dinkle
Barn site at the entrance of Winchester Mall. The battery
heights west of I-81 are being developed for business,
industrial, and residential uses. The last surviving parcel
of West Woods (adjacent to I-81) is currently being
bulldozed for townhouses.
CIVIL WAR SITES IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF VIRGINIA
I ne Hastings marker is the only monument erected on
the battlefield that remains. It is enclosed by an iron fence
and sits next to the road in the midst of Fort Collier
Business/Industrial Park east of Collier Redoubt. Nearby
are the remains of old stone fences and an old farm Iane
defended by CS troops in the battle's later phases.
PERCEPTION OF THREATS TO BATTLEFIELD
Threats are immediate and of large order. If contin-
ued as planned, the residential development of Caleb
Heights and associated development would destroy the
last remaining intact parcels of the infantry fighting at the
battle of Opequon. According to county -approved plans,
construction would occupy most of the area south of
Redbud Run with more than 600 single family homes,
townhouses, and a commercial strip. A connector road
would be pushed through from the north, separating
Hackwood and DuPont's Hill. As of this writing, con-
struction has not begun and has been held up by financial
transactions.
The Hackwood House and property (144 acres) was
recently offered for auction but the sale was postponed.
This property could potentially be subdivided. Regency
Lakes subdivision was built several years ago on southern
portions of Middle Field and First Woods. Further phases
of housing development, if constructed, would cover the
last portion of Second Woods, "Rodes' Ravine," and
another segment of the First Woods. Star Fort itself is
owned by a Civil War reenactment group but the sur-
rounding 50 -acres is for sale and zoned commerciall
industrial.
The Shenandoah Valley Civil War Foundation, a local
preservation group, has negotiated to preserve a small
portion of the Second Woods area as a park if develop-
ment proceeds. The developer, Top of Virginia Corpora-
tion, has agreed to set aside 63 acres in the area adjacent to
Hackwood as a commemorative park. A forty -acre parcel
of Middle Field next to Redbud Run is privately owned;
the owner has stated in the past that he will not develop it.
97
IDENTIFIED SITES AND FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH
THE BATTLEFIELD (UNSURVEYED*)
Baker House (site of)
Berryville Canyon
Berryv lle Pike
Brumley House
Burnt Factory Farm
C. Wood's Mill (site of+)
Carter House
Cleridge Farm
(Opequon Inn)
Collier Redoubt
Dinkle Bam (site of)
DuPont's Hill
Eversole House (site of)
First Woods
Greenwood Church
Hackwood
Hackwood Lane
Hasting's Monument
Ho8'mann House (site oe)
Huntsberry House (site of)
I. Wood House
Jordan Springs
Locke's Ford
Milburn Cemetery
Middle Field
Morgan's Mill (ruin)
National Cemetery
Old Town Winchester
Opequon Crossing
Ravine up which Rodes attackec
Red Bud Mill (site of*)
Rutherford House (site of)
Second Woods
Seiver's Ford
Spout Spring (Wood House)
Star Fort
Stephenson's Depot (site of)
Stonewall Cemetery
Tanquery's Ford
Thomas McCann House
Valley Mill Farm
Valley Pike
West Woods
Wood's Mill (site of')
Wright's Ford
MILBURN ROAD CORRIDOR
Connecting the 3rd Winchester anal Stephenson
Depot Battle-Fielol Primary and Secondary Areas
C / f
BATTLEFIELD
NETWORK PLAN
FREDERICK COUNTY,
VIRGINIA
Produced by the Frederick County
Department of Planning and Development
107 North Kent Street, Winchester, VA 22601
February 1997
iLr✓, fit. 11�-
Strategies For Star Fort And Other Forts
Work with the Middlesex Artillery group to create a battlefield park site at Star
Fort.
Use Star Fort as a demonstration project to increase public awareness of the battle-
field effort.
Work with owners of Fort Collier, Fort Milroy and other forts around Winchester to
find ways to preserve additional forts.
Work closely with the Middlesex Artillery to prepare a resource management plan
for Star Fort as soon as possible.
Provide pedestrian trails and bikeways connecting the different forts.
Work closely with developers of surrounding land to provide support for the fort
sites.
Stephenson Depot
During the Second Battle of Winchester, Stephenson Depot was the
site of the most critical action. The Confederates used the railroad
embankment south of the Depot and the ridge behind it as artillery em-
placements that were assaulted unsuccessfully by the Union troops
several times.
While Jubal Early's forces attacked the Union troops positioned at Star
Fort, Fort Milrov, West Lunette, and Fort Collier on June 14 with great
success, Confederate General Richard S. Ewell assumed that General
Robert Milroy would attempt a retreat during the night. Therefore, he
ordered General Edward Johnson to prevent the Union escape by cut-
ting off the Charles Town Road. At about 10:00 p.m., Johnson
marched with two brigades and eight guns north to Berryville Pike and
west to Jordan Springs Road, where he tumed north toward Stephen -
son's Depot.
At approximately 1:00 a.m. on the morning of June 15th, Milroy and
his officers decided to abandon Fort Milroy and Star Fort and try to
45
the 15th, Johnson's skirmishers
encountered the head of the re-
treating Union column near the
intersection of the Valley Pike
and old Charles Town Road.
Johnson deployed his regiments
along Milburn Road and placed
one artillery piece directly on the
Charles Town Road railroad
bridge and one beside it. Johnson
deployed his remaining artillery Milburn Road at Stephenson Depot
pieces on the high ground east of
Milburn Road. Milroy set up his
u column to the right of the Valley Pike and prepared to fight his way
through. The Union forces made several desperate but uncoordinated
attacks against the railroad bridge and were unable to make a dent in
the line of the Confederates, who were now being steadily reinforced.
The Confederate Stonewall brigade advanced to cut off the Vallev
Pike. Seeing no way out, Union regiments hoisted the white flag of
surrender. Between 2,500 and 3,000 Union soldiers surrendered. Mil-
roy and his staff managed to escape to the west.
The Union losses from June 12 to June 15 were: 95 killed, 373
wounded, and 3,974 missing and captured out of a total force of ap-
proximately 7,000. The Confederate losses paled in comparison.
They had 47 killed, 219 wounded, and 3 missing.
The Second Battle of Winchester was part of General Lee's second in-
vasion of the North. The Confederate forces defeated and nearly de-
stroyed an entire Union division under General Robert i'vtilrov at
Stephenson's Depot. The Confederate victory at Second Winchester
offered high hopes for the success of Lee's second invasion of the
North that culminated with the Bartle of Gettysburg. The Second Bat-
tle of Winchester also marked General Ewell's first enaa(-,,ement as a
46
Corps Commander. His tactical successes at Second Winchester had
influence on his tactics at Gettysburg two weeks later.
Despite intensive development along Route 11 North, the Stephenson
Depot Battlefield remains pristine and rural in character. The modern
railroad bridge and embankment are located today in the same loca-
tion where they existed during the battle. Milburn Road connects Ste-
phenson Depot to the Third Winchester sites along a route that looks
today much as it did during the Civil War.
rrrSraTt�Ti,orStephenson Depot
Work with the landowner to preserve key areas while allowing some development.
Provide planning assistance.
New more intensive uses in the core area should provide means to protect viewsheds as
a part of their development plans.
Use Milburn Road as a primary travel connection between Stephenson Depot and
Third Winchester. Work with land owners to preserve views along Milburn Road us-
ing buffers, vegetation and easements.11
/11.7 T _-•— ter,-- -
%_F %-A ivrvu rrIII C11CJLeI
The City of Winchester was chartered by act of the Virginia Assembly
in 1752, fourteen years after Frederick County was chartered. During
the Civil War, no eastern city was more critically involved than Win-
chester, with the city changing hands over 70 times during the war. At
the time of the Civil War, the population of Winchester was about
4,000, including 706 slaves and 665 free African Americans.
According to war -time diarist, Julia Chase, the Confederates reached
Winchester on November 8, 1861 and the Union army initially arrived
on March lei, 186?. From this point on, Winchester was primarily in
Union hands. Although there were a large number of unionists within
the town. relations between the townspeople and the Union occupiers
were not Tood.
During the Civil War, many buildings in Old Town Winchester served
as field hospitals for both sides, includin; the County Courthouse and
the Taylor Hotel (�icCrorys building). As early as March, 1862, the
County Courthouse was filled -to capacity with wounded. Confederate
n
General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jacksoand Union General Philip
48
PROFFER STATEMENT
A PROPOSED REZONING
for
PARCEL ID - 44-((A))-41 & 42
Stonewall Magisterial District
Frederick County, Virginia
March 24, 1998
Prepared for: Randall Cutshaw
c/o Allied Wood Products
2546 Martinsburg Pike
Winchester, Virginia 22603
Prepared by: PAINTER-LEWIS, P.L.C.
302 South Braddock Street - Suite 200
Winchester, VA 22601
Tel.: (540)-662-5792
Job Number: 9711021
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PAINTER—LEWIS, P.L.C.
rnwc� r.
LOCATION MAP
DA TE. 3-5-98
SURVEY:
no
302 South Braddock Street. Suite 200
A PROPOSED REZONING
ORAVM: JCL
EXHIBIT:
Winchester, Virginia 22601
Telephone (340)662-5792
PARCEL 44—((A))-41 & 42
SCALE: 1' .. 2000•
Facsimile (540)662-5793
FREDERICK COUNTY, VIRGINIA
C.L: 10• t
JOB NO.: 9802009
PROFFER STATEMENT
PARCEL ID 44 -((A) -4I & 42
INTRODUCTION
The subject property consists of two parcels containing a total of approximately 15 acres. The
property is located on Route 761, Old Charles Town Road, approximately 500 feet east of US
Route 11. The property is zoned RA. Exhibit I shows the location of the property. The property
is currently vacant. The property is adjacent to the operations of Allied Wood Products which
manufactures finished wood products. The operations of Allied Wood Products requires
additional space for storage and curing of its finished goods and therefor, the Owner desires to
rezone the entire 15 acres. to MI, Light Industrial District.
The intended purpose for the rezoning of the subject parcels is to allow the construction of
additional facilities to the current operations of Allied Wood Products. For this purpose, Allied
Wood Products will voluntarily restrict the types of uses allowed in the M 1 zoning by this proffer
statement.
Pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Frederick County Zoning Ordinance, the undersigned
applicant proffers that in the event that the Board of Supervisors of Frederick County shall
approve Rezoning Application # for the rezoning of 15 acres on Parcels 44-((A))-41
and 42 from RA to M1, development of this particular 15 acres will be in conformity with the
terms and conditions set forth in this document. These terms and conditions may be subsequently
amended or revised by the owner of the property with permission from the Frederick County
Board of Supervisors in accordance with Frederick County codes. These proffers shall be binding
on the owner and their legal successors or assigns.
PROFFERS
1. The land and any improvements thereto will be expressly used for the following uses only.
These uses are normally permitted under the proposed MI zoning. None of the other
permitted uses listed in Chapter 165 of the Code of the County of Frederick will be
allowed on the subject parcels.
Permitted Uses:
-Landscape and horticultural services
-Manufacturing as follows:
-lumber and wood products
-furniture and fixtures
-paperboard containers and boxes
-converted paper and paperboard products, except containers and boxes
-fabricated metal products, excluding the following:
-coating, engraving and allied services
-ordnance and accessories
PROFFER STATEMENT
PARCEL ID 44-((A)-41 & 42
-Wholesale trade
-Accessory retailing
-Business signs
-Directional signs
-Building entrance signs
-Residential uses which are accessory to allowed business uses
-Parks
-Self-service storage facilities
Monetary Contribution to Frederick County Service Organizations
The owner will pay or will cause to be paid to the Treasurer of Frederick County the sum of
$234.74 for impacts to fire and rescue services. This sum will be paid upon receipt of a building
permit for the first structure to be constructed on the subject parcels.
The conditions proffered above shall be binding on the heirs, executors, administrators, assigns,
and successors in the interest of the owner. In the event that the Frederick County Board of
Supervisors grants this rezoning and accepts these proffers, then these proffers shall apply to the
land rezoned in addition to the other requirements of the Frederick County Code.
Submitted By:
Allied Wood Products
Verlo Cutshaw
Date:
STATE OF VIRGINIA, AT LARGE
COUNTY OF FREDERICK, To -Wit:
The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this day of by
Mr. Verlo Cutshaw.
My commission expires on
Notary Public
IMPACT ANALYSIS STATEMENT
A PROPOSED REZONING
for
PARCEL ID - 44-((A))-41 & 42
Stonewall Magisterial District
Frederick County, Virginia
March 24, 1998
Prepared for: Randall Cutshaw
c/o Allied Wood Products
2546 Martinsburg Pike
Winchester, Virginia 22603
Prepared by: PAINTER-LEWIS, P.L.C.
302 South Braddock Street, Suite 200
Winchester, VA 22601
Tel.: (540)-662-5792
Job Number: 9802009
IMPACT ANALYSIS STATEN ENT
PARCEL ID: 44-((A))-41 & 42
i. INTRODUCTION
The subject property consists of two parcels containing a total of approximately 15 acres. The
property is located on Route 761, Old Charles Town Road, approximately 600 feet east of US
Route 11. The property is zoned RA. Exhibit 1 shows the location of the property. Parcel
44-A-42 is currently vacant. Parcel 44-A-41 is currently used as a residence for an employee of
Allied Wood Products. The property is ajacent to the operations of Allied Wood Products which
manufactures finished wood products. The operations of Allied Wood Products requires
additional space for storage and curing of its finished goods and therefor, the Owner desires to
rezone the entire 15 acres. to M 1, Light Industrial District.
According to the 1997 Frederick County Comprehensive Policy Plan, the property iswi thin the
Urban Development Area. The proximity of the property to Route 11 and Interstate Route 81
makes it highly desirable for commercial development. The intended purpose for the rezoning of
the subject parcels is to allow the expansion of the existing manufacturing facilities of Allied
Wood Products. The residence on Parcel 44-A-42 would remain in use as a residential use which
is accessory to the proposed MI use. The owner is willing to restrict the types of development to
be allowed on the subject property throught the use of proffers. Please see the Proffer Statement
contained in the Appendix.
A. SITE SUITABILITY
In many respects, the site is well suited for development. The property has over 1000 feet of
frontage on Route 761 for access. Public water is in place in the Route 11 right-of-way along
other property frontage now owned by Allied Wood Products. The feasibilty of installing public
sewer is currently being studied for the area. The site is immeadiatly adjacent to property
containing the current operations of Allied Wood Products.
100 YEAR FLOOD PLAIN
FIRM Community Panel Number 510063 011013 shows the parcel is not within designated areas
of the 100 year flood.
WETLANDS
No wetlands have been identified on the site. There is no evidence of hydric soils or plants in
significant quantity to warrant delineation of wetlands.
STEEP SLOPES
The property generally slopes to the northeast. The land is generally very flat with poorly defined
drainageways. Slopes are generally less than 5.0%.
MATURE WOODLANDS
The site is without mature woodlands.
page I
IMPACT ANALYSIS STATEMENT
PARCEL ID: 44-((A))-41 & 42
SOILS
According to the Soil Survey of Frederick County, the site contains the following soil types:
Carbo-Oaklet-Rock outcrop complex, 2 to 15% slopes, (7C); Frederick Poplimento foams, very
rocky, 7 to 15% slopes, (16B); and Swimley silt loam, 2 to 7% slopes, (39B). These soils are part
of the Oaklet-Carbo-Chilhowie Association which are gently sloping, moderately deep and formed
in material weathered from limestone. The Unified soil classifications are GC, GM, CL -ML, and
CL. Soft bedrock can be expected at relatively shallow depths less than 60 inches below the
ground surface. There are no critical areas on the site.
B. SURROUNDING PROPERTIES
The site to be rezoned is bordered on the north by land zoned RA and being used for the
operations of Allied Wood Products. The adjacent land to the west contains several parcels:
Parcel 50 is zoned M1 and is being ussed for the operations of Allied Wood Products; Parcel 49 is
zoned RA and is currently used for residential purposes, Parcel 48 is zoned R_A and is currently
vacant, Parcel 48A is zoned RA and is currently vacant, Parcel 47 is zoned RA and is currently
vacant, and Parcel 43 is zoned RA and is used for residential purposes. The land to the south is
the Route 761 right-of-way. Across the right-of-way is vacant land zoned RA. The land to the
east is the CSXT Railway right-of-way. Across the right-of-way there are two parcel; Parcel 38 is
zoned RA and is vacant, Parcel 94A is zoned RA and is used for residential purposes. The
adjoining property owner information is listed below.
Parcel ID # 44-((A))-54
Cutshaw Enterprises, Inc
P. O. Box 2337
Winchester, VA 22604
Parcel ID # 44-((A))-49
Arnold J. Shanholtzer
2518 Martinsburg Pike
Stephenson, VA 22656
Parcel ID # 44 -((A)) -48A
Edgar L. Jackson
102 Wilkins Drive
Winchester, VA 22602
Parcel ID # 44-((A))-43
Burton Hoover
24556 Martinsburg Pike
Stephenson, VA 22656
Parcel ID # 44-((A))-38
Robert C. & Alcesta R. Dyke
239 Old Charles Town Road
Stephenson, VA 22656
page 2
Parcel ID # 44-((A))-50
V. V. & Aileen Cutshaw
P. O. Box 2337
Winchester, VA 22604
Parcel ID # 44-((A))-48
Janney T. McKee
932 Allen Drive
Winchester, VA 22602
Parcel ID # 44-((A))-47
Allen R. & Verme E. Hoover
2482 Martinsburg Pike
Stephenson, VA 22656
Parcel ID # 44-((A))-40
H. K. Benham, Trustee
P. 0. Box 809
Winchester, VA 22604
Parcel ID # 44 -((A)) -94A
Robert C. & Alcesta R. Dyke
239 Old Charles Town Road
Stephenson, VA 22656
IMPACT ANALYSIS STATEMENT
PARCEL ID: 44-((A))-41 & 42
The subject property is located between low density residential lots, vacant lots, lots used for
agriculture, and lots used for industrial purposes. The intended use for the property is an
expansion of the existing finished wood products business. The area has been recently been added
to the Frederick County Sanitation Authority service area.
C. TRAFFIC
The properties to be rezoned are approximately 600 feet from the intersection of Route 761 and
Route 11. There is no access planned from Route 761 at this time. Access to the site will be from
Route 11 through the adjoining properties owned by Allied Wood Products. Route 11 at the site
is a three lane road with a center turn lane. Traffic data from the Virginia Department of
Transportation for a 1988 count records 7,150 trips per day on Route 11 at Route 761.
Traffic impacts as a result of commercial development of this property can be estimated by
assuming the most intensive usage of the site. In this case, the most intensive usage is the
establishment of 20,000 square feet of manufacturing and 30,000 square feet of warehousing
space on the property. Other, more intensive uses have been restricted by proffer. Please see the
Proffer Statement in the Appendix.
Vehicle trips are estimated using the ITE Trip Generation Manual, Fifth Edition for the category
of "Manufacturing and Warehousing". Traffic impacts can be based on the area of potential space.
For the purposes of this report, trip ends will be estimated from the ITE Manual as follows:
Manufacturing:
Average Vehicle Trip Ends per 1000 SF -Weekday: 3.85 x 20 = 77
Average Vehicle Trip Ends per 1000 SF-A.M. Peak Hour: 0.78 x 20 = 16
Average Vehicle Trip Ends per 1000 SF -P.M. Peak Hour: 0. 75 .r 20 = 15
Warehousing:
Average Vehicle Trip Efrds per 1000 SF -Weekday: 4.88 x 30 = 146
Average Vehicle Trip Ends per 1000 SF-A.M. Peak Hour: 0.57 x 30 = 17
Average Vehicle Trip Ends per 1000 SF -P.M. Peak Hour: 0.60 x 30 = 18
Total:
Average Vehicle Trip Ends per 1000 SF -Weekday: 77 +146 = 223
Average Vehicle Trip Ends per 1000 SF-A.M. Peak Hour: 16 + 17 = 33
Average Vehicle Trip Ends per 1000 SF -P.M. Peak Hour: 15 + 18 = 33
The generation of 223 trips per day from the property would have a moderate impact on traffic
movement at the entrance to the business on Route 522. The Virginia Department of
Transportation has previously identified the need for the upgrade of the northern entrance to the
business coincident with further development. This entrance would likely be required to be
reconstructed to meet current commercial entrance standards These issues would have to be
addressed during the site planning process.
page 3
IMPACT ANALYSIS STATEMENT
PARCEL ID: 44-((A))-41 & 42
D. SEWAGE CONVEYANCE AND TREATMENT
There are currently no public sewerage facilities available to serve the site. The current operation
of Allied Wood Products is served by a small on site subsurface absorption system. The lack of
available sewer service Beverly restricts the type of development which can be accommodated on
the site. The owner anticipate using the subject property for the expantion of lumber drying and
storing area. This type of expansion will result in little of no additional need for sewage facilities.
E. WATER SUPPLY
There are currently public water facilities available to serve the site. The Frederick County
Sanitation Authority has a 12" diameter water main running parallel with the eastern right-of-way
of Route 11 adjacent to the frontage. As stated under Item D above, the type of expansion
anticipated for the site will not create the need for additional water supply. The Frederick County
Fire Marshal may require the extension of the water line into the subject property for fire fighting
purposes.
F. DRAINAGE
The site is at the high point of a small drainage area which is defined generally by Route 761 and
Route 11. Storm water runoff is generally in the form of sheet flow. There are no well defined
drainage swales evident on the property. The CSXT Railway on the eastern boundary of the site
was constructed in the center of the main drainage swale of the watershed. There are no
permanent or intermittent streams on or near the site. The nearest perennial stream is Hot Run
located approximately 4000 feet to the north.
An increase in storm water runoff can be expected with any development on the property. Storm
water management will be provided in accordance with the Frederick County Code, Chapter 165.
It is anticipated that a storm water detention pond will be const. acted at the northeast corner of
Parcel 54 to serve as detention for the site. In addition, an adequate channel will likely be
constructed through the Wampler Mobil Home Park property to receive the discharge from the
pond.
G. SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES
The nearest solid waste transfer facility is located at the Clearbrook Park approximately 2 miles to
the northeast on Route 11. Allied Wood Products contracts with BFI for trash removal. No
additional solid waste disposal facilities will be required for the proposed development. The
amount of solid waste generated by a manufacturing/warehousing development can be estimated
based at 25 pounds per day for the entire site. Tipping fees are $35.00 per ton. Collection fees are
$25.00 per ton. The annual cost projected to meet waste disposal needs can be estimated by:
cost = cost per ton of waste x tonnage
$273.75 = $60.00 _r (25 lbs) x (1/2000 lbs/ton) x 365 clays/year
page 4
IMPACT ANALYSIS STATEMENT
PARCEL ID: 44-((A))-41 & 42
H. HISTORIC SITES AND STRUCTURES
The site contains no known historic sites or structures as listed on the Virginia Landmarks
Register and the National Register. According to the Frederick County Comprehensive Plan
Battlefield inventory, the property lies within the commonly accepted limits of the Second Battle
of Winchester and Stephenson Depot. The Rural Landmarks Survey Report lists several
architecturally or historically significant sites and structures within approximately one mile of the
site. Please refer to Exhibit 4.
I. COMMUNITY FACILITIES
EDUCATION
No impacts to education facilities are anticipated.
EMERGENCY SERVICES
Police protection is provided by the Frederick County Sheriffs Department. The nearest fire and
rescue facility is the Clearbrook Fire and Rescue Company No. 13 located approximately 2.0
miles to the northeast on Route 11. No additional fire and rescue facilities will be required for the
area proposed to be rezoned. The Frederick County Capital Facilities Impact Model calculates
that the projected capital cost for emergency service facilities attributable to this development is
$234.74.
PARKS AND RECREATION
The Frederick County Capital Facilities Impact Model calculates that the projected capital cost for
public park facilities attributable to this development is $0.00.
J. OTHER IMPACTS
Interviews with county staff indicate that no additional impacts are required to be addressed.
page 5
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Land Use
Figure 11
Objectives for the Route 11 North Land Use Plan
Land Use
• Discourage industrial uses in close proximity to existing residential uses.
• Encourage industrial uses within planned industrial parks.
• Concentrate industrial uses near transportation systems, including rail and road.
• Concentrate business uses around existing and proposed intersections.
• Discourage spot business and industrial uses along Route 11.
• Promote land uses that are compatible with adjacent existing land uses.
Transportiltion
• Provide for additional traffic control by proposing signalized intersections.
• Encourage central access points to industrial areas, minimizing new driveways and
intersections with Route 11, 761, 664.
• Encourage the expansion of Route 11 to a four -lane roadway.
• Require connector roads within industrial areas to minimize traffic impacts on Route 11.
Historical
• Protect rural landmark sites as identified by the Rural Landmark Survey.
• Protect the historic areas and corridor as identified by the Battlefields Network Plan, to
the extent practically possible.
Environmental
• Identified environmentally sensitive areas such as floodplains and steep siopes, and
require compliance with Zoning Ordinance regulations
Public Utilities
• Remove obstacles to the provision of water and sewer service to area.
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"Tor"Item- am
Future land uses within the Route 11 North area should be sensitive to existing and planned uses.
The plan has been designed to provide the opportunity to develop industrial and business uses in a
well-planned, coordinated manner.
1997 Frederick County 6 - 32 Comprehensive Plan
Land Use
Industrial uses are proposed adjacent to both railroad corridors and the largely undeveloped
southeastern portion of the area. Industrial uses should be developed within roaster planned
industrial parks. These industrial parks could cater to numerous industrial interests, in a planned
environment. Such uses should be adequately screened and buffered from adjacent business and
residential use. Industrial use is discouraged from fronting directly on along Route 11; buffering
and screening should be exercised to mitigate any impacts on Route 11. The industrial use locations
are illustrated in the Route 11 North Land Use Plan map on page 85 by the blue shading. The area
shaded on the map includes land currently occupied, in addition to undeveloped land.
The development of business uses are encouraged at designated road intersections. Additionally,
the promotion of shared entrances and through connections for parking facilities reduce disruptions
to the main traffic flow. The business use locations are illustrated in the Land Use Plan map by the
orange shading.
Preserving and protecting the existing residential, historic, and significant open space areas within
the study area is encouraged. These areas have not been designated for business and industrial use.
The Developmentally Sensitive Areas (DSA), located along Route I 1 and Milburn Road, has two
purposes. First, this designation discourages any development along the Milburn Corridor; the
corridor has been identified as a key contributor during the Civil War. Secondly, the DSA would
call for a higher standard of development along Route 11, where residential uses dominate. As the
DSA is a community and historical preservation area, adjacent uses which are not compatible should
be ade uatel buffered an screened. Development regulations should be reviewed to ensure that
they protect and promote a co esive community environment within the study area with special
attention to the DSA without strictly prohibiting or discouraging high quality development by
allowing flexibility within the regulation.
As with all development occurring within Frederick County, the protection of environmental
features continues to be of importance. The Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA) delineate the
location of environmental features where minimal disturbance is permitted. The ESA is primarily
located in the southern portion of the study area, and contains both floodplains and steep slopes.
Prior to any development, environmental protection requirements will need to be addressed.
.,t..1-,
As with all development proposals in Frederick County, construction of new collector roads and the
installation of se -,ser and water within the Route 11 North area would be the responsibility of the
property owners and developers.
Transportation : The use of collector roads has been proposed to channel vehicular traffic to
and from key intersections along Routes 11, 761. and 664. These collector roads would also act as
1997 Frederick Countv 6 -» Comprehensive Elan