PublicWorksAgenda2022January25 COS
COUNTY FRE ERICK
Department rt uent of Public Works
4 [ -s4
, t FAX. 540/678-0682
MEMORANDUM
TO: Public Works Committee
FROM: Joe C. Wilder, Director of Public Works
SUBJECT: Meeting of January 25, 2022
DATE: January 19, 2022
There will be a meeting of the Public Works Committee on Tuesday, January 25, 2022 at 8:00 a.m. in
the conference room located on the second floor of the north end of the County Administration Building
at 107 North Kent Street, Suite 200. The agenda thus far is as follows:
1. Discussion/update on sinkhole issue in Crystal Lake/Cherokee Dam in the Shawneeland
Sanitary District.
(Attachment 1)
2. Public Works project updates.
3. Miscellaneous Reports:
a. Tonnage Report: Landfill
(Attachment 2)
b. Recycling Report
(Attachment 3)
C. Animal Shelter Dog Report:
(Attachment 4)
d. Animal Shelter Cat Report
(Attachment 5)
e. Shawneeland Sanitary District Advisor Committee Special meeting minutes
(Attachment 6)
f. 2021 Holiday Usage Summary
(Attachment 7)
JCW/kco
Attachments: as stated
107 North Kent Street, Second Floor, Suite 200 9 Winchester, Virginia 22601-5000
"�q�l�,`quuuuM.�pu�l al
Harrisonburg Office Winchester Office
1356 N.Main Street 220 Imboden Drive,Suite A
Harrisonburg,VA 22802 Winchester,VA 22603
Phone:540-434-0400 Phone: 540-313-4270
Fax:540-434-0447 VZW Fax: 540-434-0447
Viola Engineering,PC
December 2, 2021
Joe Wilder,Director of Public Works [email jy ➢jIdc,r�y)f yaa.u,"�S]
Frederick County, Virginia
107 N. Kent Street
Winchester, VA 22601
RE: Revision 1 -Report of Geophysical Investigation
�,'rysq d Lake uu:Uo: lmcs6g�gJ n (Qn�EgkV �D])
152 Tomahawk Trail, Winchester, VA
VEPC ProjectNo: PTL-212862
Mr.Wilder:
A three-dimensional(31)) electrical resistivity imaging(ERI) survey was performed at the referenced site to
evaluate recently developed karst features located along the southeastern bank of Crystal Lake. Site
investigation and report preparation were conducted in accordance with Frederick County Task Order 2017-
13 (Date: 10/27/2021) and scope of services developed by our office (Proposal Date: 10/21/2021). The lake
and earthen impoundment, Cherokee Dam, are owned and operated by Frederick County with funding
provided by the Shawneeland Sanitary District. Site karst hazards are well documented at Crystal Lake, and
subsurface topology has impacted the performance of the lake dating back to its construction in the 1960's.
Investigation and sinkhole remediation activities have taken place over the past 20 years with fluctuating
drainage rates occurring throughout the lakes operational history. Sometime in early October 2021, two (2)
well defined sinkholes developed along the eastern
shore of the lake; subsequently, accelerating lake
drainage to a rate measured at approximately 150
gallons a minute at the spring located north of the
historic Council House. As a result, the lake water
elevation dropped approximately 10 to 15 feet. This
prompted a subsurface evaluation of geologic
conditions to ascertain potential remediation scope
and estimated costs. A three-dimensional electrical tip �-
resistivity survey (ERI) was conducted, by our
office, to evaluate subsurface sinkhole drainage
conditions. A 3D rectangle survey section was
established,as shown on the attached Location Plan
with six(6)parallel ERI survey lines conducted with Figure 1.Dam Construction
electrode spacing maintained at eight(8)feet.
Three-dimensional resistivity imaging is a geophysical technique utilized to measure the in-situ resistivity
of earth materials, i.e., how difficult it is to pass an induced electrical current through the subsurface.
Resistivity is the inverse of conductivity.Therefore,resistivity imaging is a measurement of the conductivity
of the subsurface materials at the site. Generally, soils are more conductive than competent bedrock and can
be imaged with this technique. Karst terrain soils associated with sinkholes, voids, solution channels,
bedrock seeps and incipient sinkholes are typically cohesive and very moist. Therefore, they are more
GEOTECHNICAL•GEOPHYSICAL ("'Vows,
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Revision 1 -Report of Geophysical Investigation
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152 Tomahawk Trail Winchester, VA 22602
December 2, 2021
Page 2
conductive than the surrounding bedrock or other soils.In addition,voids and caves can possibly be imaged
provided a contrasting resistivity gradient exists between the target and the surrounding earth materials.
SITE EXPLORATION
Cherokee Dam is located perpendicular to the strike of bedrock underlain by various geological formations,
several of which include soluble limestone. We understand the site and dam embankment is underlain by
several geologic formations with limestone inclusions that are solution prone according to published maps,
review of previous site study, and grouting program performed by Hayward Baker.
Based on a review of the grouting program,we summarize that grouting began in November 2008 and was
terminated in April of 2009. A total of 33 borings were injected with grout to depths of 150 feet, as
referenced from the top of the dam, with a cement grout/bentonite additive. Records indicate a total of
2097 cubic yards of grout was injected to develop a subsurface curtain that appeared to minimize water
flow through subsurface voids at depth. However, it was stated some leakage is inevitable in this karst
geology. We conclude that it is nearly impossible to effectively stop leakage in karst geology nor can any
grouting plan guarantee similar future sinkhole development will not occur.However,targeted remediation
can significantly reduce the likelihood of drainage through karst development and reduce subsurface
drainage rates.
A three-dimensional ERI survey along ��x ((.)p gnfflx�...Vuncs.running east to west along the downstream slope
and toe of Cherokee Dam.The study included a d up o�c d up o�c array resistivity survey utilizing the Advanced
Geosciences, Inc. (AGI) SuperSting R-8/IP Passive Earth Resistivity System. The ERI lines were spaced
approximately 16 feet apart with a length of 664 feet each. The resistivity lines were established with an
electrode spacing of 8 feet to gain a maximum
resolution and imaging depth of approximately four
(4) and 130 feet, respectively. Anomalous
resistivity zones were mapped in an effort to �� a
identify flow paths which traverse the survey area �rrt�y�rrn �Una'
to distinguish potential remediation areas. Further,
lrr J� f/i � bpi✓rrrG((��if(lrrir prr
resistivity imaging data was processed and inverted
using AGI s proprietary 3-D resistivity inversion
software,EarthImager 3-D,to generate the inverted p,, ; ; ,�����✓�r i��;r �,,�,;,,�y�y�;r��p„ �t r ,/';;,rtr����
resistivity sections. Terrain correction was
performed utilizing high resolution elevation data
obtained from USGS 3DEP one-meter Light
Detection and Ranging (L1DAR) bare earth
elevation maps.Electrodes were located in the field
with multi-band RTK GNSS receivers with a
nominal location accuracy of less than three (3) Figure 2.ERI Field Investigation
centimeters.
SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS
Electrical resistivity imaging is a nondestructive investigation technique that can be utilized to detect large
anomalously deep and/or wet soils of the type commonly associated with incipient sinkholes or saturated
soils, fractures, or pockets between more competent rock. Resistivity imaging was utilized as an indicator
of potential wet soils or flow paths and not as an absolute identifier of the problem. In general, higher
GEOTECHNICAL•GEOPHYSICAL ("'Vows,
.�.9»a CONSTRUCTION•MATERIALS
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Revision 1 -Report of Geophysical Investigation
("bwr.S'dI.or"fQ'..4f1?r"fholQrRn°Qr.S f&!< IrAn (("a`tQrb°r>r"ccCVwI1.
152 Tomahawk Trail Winchester, VA 22602
December 2, 2021
Page 3
resistivity values are interpreted to represent non-
porous competent bedrock or dry soil conditions, , r
and conversely, lower conductivity values are
e � sty
interpreted to represent moist or saturated soils ,
and/or water filled voids, fractures, and other ��`
structural discontinuities within the bedrock/soil
mass.
Resistivity imaging of the project site suggests
variable moisture conditions beneath estimated top
of bedrock likely indicated zones of water
infiltration.Zones of higher resistive material likely
represent competent bedrock while lower resistivity
values were observed along the existing dam outfall Figure 3.Sinkhole Development Along Shoreline
barrel and buried piping(siphons).A discontinuous
low resistivity zone is noted on all ERI sections along the eastern edge of the ERI data.This area is indicative
of fractured bedrock harboring water flow. Further, it is believed the contact between dissimilar geologic
formations is closer to the site than is mapped leading to accelerated bedrock degradation.A zone of probable
remediation was identified along the eastern extents of the survey area as mapped on the attached Location
Plan and Inverted Resistivity Sections.An area of low resistivity subsurface conditions was noted due west
of the dam outfall pipe only in a handful of sections. It is believed this hydraulic feature is derived from
water infiltration at the surface near the end of the outfall pipe.
CONSTRUCTION RECOMMENDATIONS
We understand Crystal Lake is a prominent feature of the Shawnee Land community and is admired by
many residents. However, extensive subsurface remediation of previous karst features has left some weary
of significant capital expenses for its continued operation. Multiple remediation options are available with
varying probability of long-term success; however, any remediation approach selected will not guarantee
the end to sinkhole development within the local geology going forward.
Currently(as revised 12/2/21), Crystal Lake elevation has dropped to a consistent level of 157 inches below
normal pool elevation and flow measured at the spring box below the Council House has stabilized to 136
gpm (down from 175 gpm) and flowing with negligible turbidity. These factors may remain constant for a
period of time to permit remediation, if so elected. Some well-suited methods, arranged in ascending cost,
may include:
1.) Grouting of near-surface voids, deep remediation excluded,in the existing karst features to include
backfilling existing sinkholes (2) at the surface to promote public safety leaving existing deep
conditions unchecked. This would be economically achieved by rough grading an access lane to
near the karst features to permit backfilling with 2000 psi lean concrete with 50 lbs of bentonite
metered into the concrete while discharging. The concrete volume may be expanded by including
bank boulders to the concrete/grout mix during discharge. We estimate a budget cost of$7,500 to
complete this alternative. However, once the sinkholes are backfilied, the advantage of filling with
polymer grout is lost without drilling addition holes to inject grout to better fill voids if decided at a
later date.
2.) Near surface and drainage path filling with water-activated semi-rigid polyurethane foam injection
resin. Dye tracing is conducted to ascertain travel time through karst drainage paths. Specially
GEOTECHNICAL•GEOPHYSICAL ("'Vows,
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Revision 1 -Report of Geophysical Investigation
("bwr.S'dI.or"fQ'..4f1?r"fholQrRn°Qr.S f&!< IrAn (("a`tQrb°r>r"ccCVwI1.
152 Tomahawk Trail Winchester, VA 22602
December 2, 2021
Page 4
formulated foam is pumped into the exposed sinkhole(s) and proportioned to activate at set intervals
to plug subsurface conditions. Chemicals are certified to NSF 61-5 (approved for contact with
drinking water—see attached Certified Product Listing). Please refer to attached Case History for
more information provided by Mr. Stuart Baber of American Concrete Services. We suggest that
Mr. Baber be contacted for additional Case Histories of grouting sinkholes in karst geology for
further consideration.
3.) Deep chemical grouting to develop drainage curtain walls downstream from the dam. Areas noted
on attached location plans.
4.) Extensive grouting similar to remediation activities conducted for previous karst feature remediation
downstream and/or within reservoir. Areas noted on attached location plans.
Based on the 2009 remediation history and existing subsurface flow that developed after a period of 13
years,we recommend injecting apolyurethane resin at this time to minimize subsurface flows as mentioned.
This approach incorporates additional deep remediation at a fraction of the cost of conventional pressure
grouting. The resin can be properly mixed with an accelerant to cause a solid plug to set at a precise time to
effectively fill the karst void(s) along the drainage path. Further, our review of products and procedures
indicates that the resin can be pumped into the existing sinkhole, which avoids drilling injection borings
along the dam embankment thereby reducing cost and time for completion. We suggest that a preferred
Contractor be contacted to evaluate the site to determine a budget cost to restore the lakes level to near
normal utilizing a polyurethane resin. Based on a quote for 500 gallons of bulk material,we estimate a cost
to remediate Crystal Lake ranging between $60,000 and $380,000 depending on the severity of voids in the
underlying karst geology. Upon completion, we recommend that the exposed throat of the sinkhole(s) be
backfilled with a lean concrete (2000 psi concrete) amended with high yield bentonite gel (powder) at a
typical rate of 50 pounds/cubic yard of concrete. This will provide a tight sealing plug that will promote
public safety. Further site remediation work may be required in the future, as this approach will plug the
current karst drainage path. Active maintenance, incorporating this or comparable techniques, may likely
result in a lower total site remediation cost if future subsurface leaks develop.We recommend that Mr. Stuart
Baber be invited to speak of this process at the next Homeowners Board Meeting based on his expertise and
to answer questions accordingly.
GEOTECHNICAL•GEOPHYSICAL ("'Vows,
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Revision 1 -Report of Geophysical Investigation
( cr.S'd I.okc SinkholQr Rn°Qr.S fwg!! Ion (("a`tQrb°okcc C VwI1.
152 Tomahawk Trail Winchester, VA 22602
December 2, 2021
Page 5
LIMITATIONS
This report has been prepared in order to aid in the evaluation of this site and to assist remediation activities
related to existing karst conditions. Our scope is limited to the specific project and location described, and
the project description represents our understanding of the significant aspects relevant to soil and geologic
characteristics. The interpretations and recommendations in this report are based solely on the information
available at the time this report was prepared. Subsurface conditions may vary from those encountered at
the survey locations.
Further exploration activities can be provided to aid in targeted remediation activities as site planning
progresses. We appreciate the opportunity to provide engineering exploration services on this project.If we
can be of any other assistance,please do not hesitate to contact us.
Respectfully,
LT LTH oH p�.�/ O �� ,pF�i
o� 12/02/21 2 12/02/21 �
U q U q
Mark A. Viola,PE MARK A. VIOLA TIMOTHY PAUL VIOLA
Owner, Principal Engineer Lic. No. 022705 Lc. No. 0402056657
F`�ss/0NA1- /0 N A L Timot y P.Viola,PE
Project Engineer
Attachments: Location Plan(1 Sheet, Raster)
Inverted Resistivity Sections (8 Sheets, Raster)
Locaquou:...P iu: &.Im coed &s
Certified Product Listing& SDS -AP Fill 720-Polyurethane Injection Resin
Case History -2016 Leon Lake Emergency Seepage Repair Plan& Grout Plan
GEOTECHNICAL•GEOPHYSICAL ("'Vows,
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�: .,�__NTY Off` CK
Department of Public Works
40/665- 64;
FAX- 40/678-068
MEMORANDUM
TO: Public Works Committee
FROM: Joe C. Wilder, Director of Public Works
SUBJECT: Monthly Tonnage Report-Fiscal Year 21/22
DATE: January 4, 2022
The following table shows the tonnage for the current fiscal year. The average monthly tonnage for fiscal years 03/04
through 21/22 is also listed below:
FY 03-04: AVERAGE PER MONTH: 16,348 TONS(UP 1,164 TONS)
FY 04-05: AVERAGE PER MONTH: 17,029 TONS(UP 681 TONS)
FY 05-06: AVERAGE PER MONTH: 17,785 TONS(UP 756 TONS)
FY 06-07: AVERAGE PER MONTH: 16,705 TONS(DOWN 1,080 TONS)
FY 07-08: AVERAGE PER MONTH: 13,904 TONS(DOWN 2,801 TONS)
FY 08-09: AVERAGE PER MONTH: 13,316 TONS(DOWN 588 TONS)
FY 09-10: AVERAGE PER MONTH: 12,219 TONS(DOWN 1,097 TONS)
FY 10-11: AVERAGE PER MONTH: 12,184 TONS(DOWN 35 TONS)
FY 11-12: AVERAGE PER MONTH: 12,013 TONS(DOWN 171 TONS)
FY 12-13: AVERAGE PER MONTH: 12,065 TONS(UP 52 TONS)
FY 13-14: AVERAGE PER MONTH: 12,468 TONS(UP 403 TONS)
FY 14-15: AVERAGE PER MONTH: 13,133 TONS(UP 665 TONS)
FY 15-16: AVERAGE PER MONTH: 13,984 TONS(UP 851 TONS)
FY 16-17: AVERAGE PER MONTH: 14,507 TONS(UP 523 TONS)
FY 17-18: AVERAGE PER MONTH: 15,745 TONS(UP 1,238 TONS)
FY 18-19: AVERAGE PER MONTH: 16,594 TONS(UP 849 TONS)
FY 19-20: AVERAGE PER MONTH: 16,973 TONS(UP 379 TONS)
FY 20-21: AVERAGE PER MONTH:16,803 TONS(DOWN 170 TONS)
FY 21-22: AVERAGE PER MONTH:18,362 TONS(UP 1,559 TONS)
MONTH FY 2018-2019 FY 2019-2020 FY 2020-2021 FY 2021-2022
JULY 17,704 17,956 17,677 17,893
AUGUST 18,543 17,267 16,517 21,437
SEPTEMBER 14,799 17,985 16,789 19,306
OCTOBER 18,158 22,528 20,127 18,215
NOVEMBER 15,404 17,304 15,432 16,927
DECEMBER 14,426 14,362 15,496 16,391
JANUARY 13,973 14,913 14,480
FEBRUARY 12,764 13,380 12,030
MARCH 17,079 15,533 18,758
APRIL 20,313 17,475 18,627
MAY 19,443 17,010 17,105
JUNE 16,519 17,968 18,594
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Shawneeland Sanitary District Advisory Committee
MEMORANDUM
TO: Joe C. Wilder,Director of Public Works
FROM: Rhonda L. Sargent, Chairperson, Shawneeland Sanitary District Advisory Committ
SUBJECT: Cherokee Lake Sinkhole(s) Remediation Recommendation
DATE: January 18, 2022
Attached you will find minutes from the special SSDAC meeting held on January 10, 2022, as well as the
minutes from the subcommittee meeting held on January 5, 2022 . The latter was formed to discuss the remediation
options presented in Viola Engineering's report as well as possible funding options.
During their meeting, the subcommittee voted to make a recommendation to the SSDAC at the special meeting
held on January 10, 2022 that the resin injection option at a cost of up to $380,000 be approved. Consequently, the
SSDAC voted unanimously to approve recommending that public works proceed with the necessary discussions and
steps to proceed with the resin injection option as well as a request to pull funds from Shawneeland's reserve fund in
the amount of$380,000 to have the remediation performed.
Thank you in advance for your cooperation in this matter.
/rls
Attachments: as stated
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Shawneeland Sanitary District Advisory Committee
Subcommittee Meeting Minutes
January 5, 2022
Sanitary District Office, 50 Tomahawk Trail
Time: 7 PM
Subcommittee Attendees:
Committee Members Present: Andrea Poe, Jeny Guy and George D. Bishop
Committee Members Absent: Alec Bouldin and Kenneth Baker
Staff and others present: Joe C. Wilder, Director of Public Works, Kevin Alderman, Manager,
Shawneeland Sanitary District and Rhonda Sargent, SSDAC Chairman
Minutes Taker: Andrea Poe
Agenda
1. Call meeting to order
2. Attendance
3. Recent Cherokee Lake engineering evaluation summary/discussion
4. Available grants for Cherokee Lake remediation
5. Decide on the best method presented by the engineering evaluation
6. Adjourn the Meeting
Meeting Minutes
• Meeting was called to order at 7:05 PM.
• Joe Wilder- There is a divide of geology where a joint is causing a leaking issue with
sink holes opening. The geologic joint has karst limestone along east side of lake and
shale geology on west side of lake. The leak is occurring where the two geologies
contact each other. Nearly $1,000,000 was spent reducing the leaks using grouting
during the last remediation in 2008. Communication is occurring to discuss how to
address the current leaking issues. New technology may offer some options not
previously available. The upcoming committee meeting will provide additional
information regarding the solutions available from Viola Engineering. Reserve money
will have to be used to fix the leak. The Reserve is currently around $1.48 million. One
(1)year's budget is the goal for the reserve total. Chemical grouting may be the solution
but must be done while the sink holes are open before closing them.
• Jeny Guy -How much is the dam compromised?
• Joe Wilder- The leak is 40-60 ft below the bottom of the dam making it not a large
concern because the zone is far below.
• Joe - The chemicals used can be activated for controlling how it expands. We could
work with Viola or collect bids from other companies. Specialty contractors can be
hired
• Rhonda Sargent-Does this company with Viola have any videos of before and after?
• George D. Bishop -What would be the responsibilities of the Shawneeland Sanitary
District crew?
• Joe Wilder-A road would have to be created to allow for the work to be done at the
sites. Chert is hard rock that is present making fill necessary to build an access road.
• George D. Bishop -Using just concrete does not seem sustainable.
• Joe Wilder-Plugging the crack with the chemical grouting is a possible long-term fix.
The engineers have evaluated multiple methods,but the many springs present prevent
certain methods from being viable options.
• Kevin Alderman- There may be a property on the lake that may make building an
access road more cost effective.
• Joe Wilder- The Advisory Committee may recommend the Subcommittee speak with
the landowners of the properties bordering the lake to be granted access.
• Joe Wilder-During the special called 1/10/22 SSDAC meeting, examples may be
provided to demonstrate how the technology has been applied successfully.
• George D. Bishop and Rhonda Sargent-A video demonstration would benefit the
attendees at the next meeting.
• Jeny Guy -Any concerns for the aquifers should be validated and addressed at the next
meeting.
• It was unanimously decided by the subcommittee that the deep chemical grouting
would be the best option as a long-term solution at a cost of up to $380,000.
• Joe- The decisions from the subcommittee will pass to the advisory committee,
followed by public works, and the finance committee and then the board of supervisors.
Grants
• Shawneeland does not meet the criteria for the Natural Resources Conservation Service
Virginia's Environmental Quality Incentives Program and Virginia Department of
Conservation and Recreation grant. No other explored grants were applicable.
• Andrea Poe-Pursuit and acquisition of other grants would require the recreational area
be transformed for more conservation purposes rather than private recreational. The
lake would likely cease to exist.
• Meeting was adjourned at 8:45.
Next Meeting Agenda 1/10
1. Call meeting to order
2. Cherokee Lake engineering evaluation-final report
(Informational purposes only)
3. Subcommittee comments - The subcommittee will report on discussed grants,
costsibenefits, and the current reserve to make a recommendation to the advisory
committee.
4. Public Comments
5. Adjourn the meeting
CO
r COUNTY ofFR ERICK
Department t f Public Works
.5401/665-5643
FAX. 540/678-0682 MEMORANDUM
TO: Public Works Committee
FROM: Gloria Puffinburger, Solid Waste Manager
SUBJECT: 2021 Holiday Usage Summary;
Citizens' Convenience Sites
DATE: January 19, 2022
During the 2021 holiday season, staff conducted traffic counts at the county's two busiest sites,
Greenwood and Albin, from Christmas Eve through Sunday, January 2. During the period, an
average of 634 vehicles visited the Greenwood facility each day and 622 vehicles utilized the
Albin facility.
As is traditionally the busiest trash day of the year, 460 vehicles were recorded at the Greenwood
facility and 560 at the Albin convenience site during the 5-hour Sunday shift on December 26.
This is a drop from 2020 traffic totals since the sites were open only five hours, not the normal
full day of 11 hours. 30-yard open top containers were staged at the Greenwood, Double Toll
Gate and Gore facilities in order to keep those facilities open during the entire Sunday shift. The
containers were filled at each location and each hold about two tons of uncompacted refuse.
Overall, the county's ten neighbor convenience sites accepted 423 tons of refuse attributable to
the Christmas season and ending New Year's Eve, December 31, an increase of five percent over
2020. The Geenwood facility accounted for 65 tons of the total refuse and Albin, 69 tons.
Heavier than normal trash flows continued through the post New Year's weekend.
Staff would like to thank the trustees of the Community Inmate Workforce who worked with us
at the Greenwood and Albin facilities on December 26, off-loading vehicles and diverting
cardboard.
/gmp
107 North Kent Street, Second Floor, Suite 200 9 Winchester, Virginia 22601-5000