CPPC 10-14-96 Meeting Agenda01<[a CLQ0
COUNTY of FREDERICK
Department of Planning and Development
540/665-5651
FAX: 540/678-0682
MEMORANDUM
TO: Comprehensive Plans and Programs Subcommittee
FROM: Eric R. Lawrence, Planner I
SUBJECT: 1997 Comprehensive Plan Update
DATE: October 8, 1996
The Frederick County Comprehensive Plans and Programs Subcommittee (CPPS) will be meeting
on Monday, October 14, 1996 at 7:30 PM in the Old Frederick County Court House.
AGENDA
I. Review the 1997 Comprehensive Plan update. Attached is information pertaining
to this agenda item.
II. Prioritizing proposed actions for inclusion in the 1997 Comprehensive Plan.
III. Other.
Please contact this office if you will be unable to attend. Thank you.
Attachment
107 North Kent Street • Winchester. Vir-inia 22601- 000
ITEM I: Review the 1997 Comprehensive Plan update.
The annual review of the Frederick County Comprehensive Plan is upon us once again. This
year, staff has provided the CPPS with only those pages of the plan that have endured significant
changes and statistical updates. Staff feels that reproducing the entire plan is not an affective
method of providing the CPPS with the modified materials. By providing fewer pages of
materials to peruse, staff feels that the CPPS may be more efficient in their efforts spent locating
and commenting on the 1997 Comprehensive Plan update.
The entire plan has undergone a review. Corrections to grammatical errors and organization of
topics within the overall plan have occurred; these changes were generally cosmetic. The
portion of the plan's content that has been significantly modified is provided on the following
pages.
Population and Housing
Growth in Housing
The number of permits issued for the construction of new homes has varied dramatically, following
the rise and fall of the national housing market. The numbers of permits issued for new houses
each year rose steadily in the early 1970's, but fluctuated in the middle 1970'x. Starting from 1977,
a steady decline in permits issued occurred reaching a low of only 212 permits in 1982. From 1982
to 1988, permits for new houses increased steadily to an all-time high of 980 permits in 1988.
However, between 1989 and 1992, building permits issued for new residences in the County
declined dramatically (47%) as a result of a recession in the national housing market. By 1992, the
amount of permits issued decreased to a total of 520 permits. The permits issued in 1993, however,
ended this four year decline. Seven hundred and eleven (71 1) permits were issued for the
construction of new homes in 1993. This total rose sightly in 1994 to seven hundred and thirty two
(732). Now home construction liet,,i+k; isS,:Gd Neaaed rix 1994; figures for 1995 were much lower.
A decline In permiw issued was apparent in 1995 when five hundred -seventy (570) permits were
icmiPd.
Figure 4
Building Permits for New Residences
Frederick County, Virginia
1000
800
600
8
a 400
200 -
o
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Year
Growth in the local economy is a major factor influencing overall growth in Frederick County. The
economies of Frederick County and the City of Winchester are interrelated and economic changes
affect both jurisdictions. There has been a continued growth in local employment in both the City
and County. An additional factor influencing growth in Frederick County has been an increasing
movement of people into the County from the Washington Metropolitan Area. It can be anticipated
that economic growth will continue, thereby supporting continued steady rates of overall growth.
1997 Frederick County 20 Comprehensive Plan
Population and HousinS
The population projections can also be used to project the number of new households that will be
created in the County and the number of new dwellings that will be needed. The demand for new
housing will be affected by the extent to which the average number of persons per household
declines. The low household projections use the low population projections and assume that the
average household size will not decrease further. The medium and high household projections use
the medium and high populations projections and assume that the average household size will drop
to 2.7 persons per household by 1995 and to 2.6 persons per household by 2000.
Table 5: Projected New Dwellings Needed (Frederick Countv 1990-2014
New Dwellings Needed Per ' .'_
New Dwellings Needed Per
Y .*"+ ° ' • . , Decade
yl.T
Iritr
np-
19 2000
.000-2010
1"0-2000
MO -4110
Low
3,610
3,257
361
326
Medium
5,8 6
4 601
587
460
High I6,752
7,443
675
744
Source_ Frederick County Department of Planning and Development
The projections suggest that an average of between 260 and 675 housing units will be needed each
year for the next several years. Again, the projected housing need will probably be closer to the
higher projections than to the lower ones. Even the higher projections suggest that annual rates of
housing construction will not need to be as high as in the late 1980's to meet projected demand.
Conclusions
► Population growth continues in Frederick County.
► The average number of persons living in each household has dropped in recent years. This
results in the fact that the number of new dwellings has been growing at a faster rate than
the population.
► The construction of new homes rose to.a record high in 1988, then dropped through 1992
when the number began to rise again through 1994. New home construction decreased in
1995.
► Population growth and new residential development has been distributed throughout the
County, but particularly high concentrations of growth have occurred in the Buf#lick,
Fredericktowne, Redbud Run, Senseny, and Cross Junction neighborhoods.
1997 Frederick County 24 Comprehensive Plan
Economy
Employment Trends
The number of employed people living in Frederick County and Winchester has grown in recent
years despite fluctuations following the rise and fall.of the: national economy. With the exception
of a slight decrease in 1991, employment within the private sector has steadily increased over the
past decade by an average of 4.3% per year. This includes both the City of Winchester and
Frederick County. According to the Virginia Employment Commission, total employment within
the private sector was 21,617 in 1983. By 1993, the labor force had increased to 31,980.
Manufacturing continues to play a major role in Frederick County's economy. Employment within
manufacturing has accounted for more than 35% of total private employment in Frederick County
over the past decade. Sixteen percent of the private labor force were employed in retail trade in
1993, and 15% were employed in service related jobs. Jobs .related to finance, insurance, and real
estate has experienced the greatest percent increase. In 1983, jobs within this sector accounted for
only .6% of Frederick County's total employment. By 1993, the employment in this sector
increased to 3.6%.
Table 6: Employment Trends Within Private Sector tFrederick County and Winchester
SECTOR 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995
Winchester -Frederick Total
23M8
27,631-
30 244
30,098
31,980
40,Od2
Agricultural Services
438
517
534
491
634
71.3
Mining
122
1 144
172
157
1 148
155
Contract Construction
1,552
2,001
2,304
1-1772-
1 805
1033
Manufacturing
7,906
8,962
8_96-54.
8 809
9 679
10,310
Transportation and Utilities
1,251
1,291
1,317
1,474
1,219
1,:3452
Wholesale Trade
1,770
2,111
2 617
2,222
2,244
2,712
Retail Trade
5,064
6,204
7.399
7,148
7,099
8.071
Finance, I nsurance,Real Estate
824
930
944
966
1,017
1,079
Services
4,881
52467
6,303
7,059
8,135,680
Nonclassi6able
40
4
0
0
0
0
Source: Virginia Employment Commission; Frederick County Department of Planning and Development
1997 Frederick County 32 Comprehensive Plan
Economy
retail sales by on tenth of one percentage point. While this amount may seem small, it
translates to nearly $47 million in increased share of sales.
► From 1985 to 1993 private sector employment in Frederick County and Winchester
increased by 40%.
► While Per Capita Income (PCI) has dropped dramatically in other regions, the PCI in
Winchester -Frederick County rose from $18,812 in 1993 to $19,699 in 1994. H -in
Nevertheless, this figure remains below the state average of
$20,883.
► According to the 1990 Census, 77% of workers living in the area worked in the area.
However, the percentage of those commuting to other areas to work is increasing. From
1980 to 1990, the percent of the workforce commuting to northern Virginia increased from
2% to 9%.
► Projections, based on recent population and employment trends and national projections,
suggest that the local economy will continue to grow.
Table 7: Employment Trends Within Private Sector (Frederick County)
SECTOR 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 ,
Frederick County Total
7,962
9,163
11 571
10,060
11Y
11,515
I�II IYYYYYYYYY�YYYYYYYYY�
12,788
Agricultural Services
404
450
387
323
473
585
Mining
122
144
172
157
148
155
Contract Construction
1-10-13
1,262
1 447
1 122
1,126
1,287
Manufacturing
2,715
3,607
2,908
4,127
4,1 2
-----2,473
Transportation and Utilities
727
746
841
944
754
840
Wholesale Trade
848
1,034
1,356
937
857
9713
Retail Trade
1 168
1 411
1,911
1,869
1,867
1,950
Finance,lnsurance,Real Estate
150
163
434
367
418
461,
Services
1,042
1,237
1,416
1,433
1,745
Nonclaggiflahle
15
___U_
_2t389
0
Source: Virginia Employment Commission: Frederick County Department of Planning and Development
1997 Frederick County 34 Comprehensive Plan
Environment
properties and waters be protected from soil erosion and sedimentation resulting from development
activities. The current standards require that increased stormwater created by development be
conveyed to an adequate channel, capable of carrying the maximum storm that will occur on the
average once every two years.
Stormwater Management
Growth and development bring along with it changes in the natural condition of the land. Areas
which were once woodlands or pastures have been developed with roads, parking lots, and
buildings. This process brings changes to the runoff characteristics of surface water, both in
quantity and quality. The County recognizes the need to develop ordinances and standards relating
to stormwater runoff.. In order to accomplish this task, the County has completed a stormwater
management study to use as a basis for developing these regulations.
In reference to this stormwatermanagement study, the following recommendations have been made:
1) Obtain a model of a Stormwater Management Ordinance that would implement the
Department of Conservation and Recreation's Stormwater Management Regulations.
Submit the model to the Development Review and Regulations Subcommittee for
modifications and recommendations. Submit the proposed regulations with the Stormwater
Evaluation to the Department of Conservation and Recreation for review. Adopt the
Stormwater Management Ordinance.
2) Consider requirements for detailed site plans in the Subdivision Ordinance for lots
adjacent to drainage easements, drainage structures, stormwater retention facilities,
drainageways, or steep slopes.
} Clearly define the adaninistrative rewonsibu ities for enforcement of stormwater
management requirements.
• The County Engineer should direct and suNrv,ise the effort.
• Persons in the Building D-Pn
,arL-nent should 'be wed to inspect construction
projects for grading, drainage, and soil erosion compliance.
• The County Engineer should oversee a program for addressing drainage problems
in existing developments.
• The County Engineer should maintain a. file on such problems.
• Enlist the Virginia Department of Transportation's(VDOT) assistance in correcting
some problems.
• Require developers to make improvements when the development process is still
underway.
• Develop a strategy for dealing with probi-ems that cannot be corrected by VDOT or
the developer.
1997 Frederick County 42 Comprehensive Plan
Land Use
Development within the busiriess corandu,rs suuu d be accomplished with an understanding of the
aesthetics associated with landscap»ng. Establishinglandscapebufers betweenthe road art ii pa king
facilities is important to promote a more pleasant environment- ,A.dditionally, the proper landscape
design surrounding parking facilities reduces radiant heat reflection uoru the parking surface and
:lessens the facilities impact on its surroundings. The county should develop landscape guidelines
Haat achieve more aesthetically pleasing developments.
Conflicts occur when incompatible usesor zoning districts are adjacent to one another. These
conflicts can be addressed by requiring sufficient buffer distances between the incompatible uses.
Screening, in the form of plants, walls, or berms can also be used to block the vision of adjoining
uses or to reduce noise or other impacts. A strip of mature woodland of sufficient depth is a
particularly effective screen which can be relied on to remain with minimal maintenance.
Figure 15
Typical
Preferred
Scre
g; Py.
1997 Frederick County 64 Comprehensive Plan
Land Use
In recent years, the County has worked to minimize the vi ,uzd impacts that signs have on our
community. Signs should be informational in content and not vi�'►i?.ii}:
corridors are typically associated with commerce activities and its related signs. In addressing this
different nature of the business corridors, the C uuniy should develop guidelines that contain specific
provisions for business corridors.
Signs can affect the character of an area and the value of properties. Excessive numbers of signs
in business areas can make the signs difficult to notice or read and can make highway frontages
appear cluttered and confusing, causing potential traffic hazards.
Issues:
Controls on signs along our primary highwaysplay an importantrole in establishing
the character of business corridors.
Appropriate measures for buffers and screening are critical.
Route 50 Corridor
The area included in the Route 50 corridor land use plan consists of nearly 3,000 acres. The corridor
extends from the 81 interchange to the eastern edge of the Westview Business Centre, a distance
of 3.6 miles. The corridor study area also extends south to encompass the Winchester Regional
Airport, the Airport Business Park, and surrounding uses. The largest single zoning category within
the study area remains Rural Area (RA) zoning with approximately 1,300 acres. RA zoning permits
general agricultural uses and low density residential development (one unit per five acres). The
bulk of the remaining acreage, roughly 1,000 acres, is presently zoned for retail office and or
industrial uses. Residential Performance (RP) zoning accounts for roughly 550 acres. RP zoning
allows for residential development at a maximum density of up to ten units per acre, with an average
overall density of four units per acre.
Of the three corridors which have had land use plans developed, the Route 50 corridor is the largest
and has the greatest potential for additional commercial growth. Its proximity to the Winchester
Regional Airport, in addition to Interstate 81, make it a highly desirable location for many
commercial uses. Of the nearly 3,000 acres in the corridor study area, roughly 1,400 acres are
vacant. Of this vacant acreage, 550 acres are already zoned for commercial or industrial use. For
this reason, the transportation network within and around the corridor area will be of great
importance.
1997 Frederick County 65 Comprehensive Plan
Community Facilities and Services
As development continues in Frederick County, there is a need to carefully plan for the facilities and
services that will be required. Planned development will effect the expenditures and facilities that
will be needed. It will also effect the: location and types of facilities that must be provided.
There is a need to carefully monitor growth and to plan land use and facilities in a coordinated
fashion. This can be accomplished through annual comprehensive planning and capital
improvements planning.
Schools
There are nine elementary schools in Frederick County, and a tenth currently under construction,
which provide for grades Kindergarten through 5. There are three middle schools in Frederick
County which provide for Grades 6 through 8. James Wood High School and Sherando High
School provide for grades 9 through 12. The Northwest Regional Education Programs (NREP)
provides special education services and Dowell J. Howard Vocational Technical Center provides
vocational education services for high school students and adults.
During the past several decades, student enrollment has increased steadily. In particular, the decade
of the 90's has seen a dramatic increase in student enrollment. In 1990, student enrollment was
8,223 students. In the fall of f995 „ _, student enrollment was 9-,4-h 9;974 §tadcnts, which
represents a 3 3 5'% increase from ;sand an increase of f-,4+8- 1, students, or
IV%, since 1990.
In +9951' h6; of the nine elementary schools, six five exceed 90% of capacity: Armel (+64 )T ro),
Bass -Hoover (9& 100`'/0), Indian Hollow (+66 94%), Middletown (i-66 %), ), and
SCtserry-Rx ax� Redbud Run (90%). Total elementary school enrollment is 93% of capacity.
t. n_ hued growth in student enroll ent resulted in the opening ,f Redbud lt;3ii t".' jdra-eiitary School
hi the fall of 1996, renovation and construction of an addition to Senseny Read Elementary School,
and the constructionof a new SWuewall Elementary Scl ool which will open in the fall of 1997. As
Middle school enrollment is at 80'x' 84% of capacity. The completion of classroom additions to
James Wood High School and Shera_ndo High SGuooi, and the use of six modular classrooms at
James Wood High School has resulted in increased student capacities. High School enroffi-nent is
88% of capacity.
Several schools are experiencing overcrowding due steadily increasing enrollment to increases}
1997 Frederick Count,, 137 Comprehensive Plan
Community Facilities and Services
em-offiment and changes in the educational program. To combat this problem, seven schools are
utilizing a total of 29 "2' 1 modular units. Implementation of the Capital Improvements Plan over the
Text sevefarl years sl-1ould help keep pace AA ith increased enrollment and reduce the need for modular
units.
1997 Frederick Countv 138 Comprehensive Plan
Community Facilities and Services
Figure 16
PUBLIC SCHOOL
Frederick
Students
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
ENROLLMENT
County
1 aaaaaaaaaaaaaas
• • • i 1 ' • i � 1 i i' i • � i • 1 • • � • •
School Year
K-5 6-8 9-12 Total
Source: Frederick County School Board
..• ..
L919i aft I I 11911191962LIVA111081 41r.1101111"a M
The current total enrollment to capacity ratio is 9211/a 89% of capacity. Enrollment meets or exceeds
90% of capacity at eight srhuok. Six schools, and five additional schools meet or exceed 85% of
capacity.
Great care is needed in considering the expansion of school capacity beyond what is needed to deal
with current crowding and what is needed to replace outdated facilities. Enrollment, demographic,
and development trends need to be carefully monitored.
1997 Frederick County 140 Comprehensive Plan
Community Facilities and Services
Table 14: School Capacity and Enrollment for Frederick County 1995-1 9 996-1997
% of
SCHOOLS Grade Practical 1996-1997 Practical
Level Capacity Enrollment Capacity
Apple Pie Ride
K-5
675
564
84%
Armel
K-5
645
664
103%
Bass -Hoover
K-5
735
733
100%",
Gainesboro
K-5
260
180
69%
Indian Hollow
K-5
585
547
94%
Middletown
K-5
585
626
107%
Redbud Run
K-5
750
674
90%
Robinson
K-5
318
269
85%
Sensen Road
K-5
570
489
86%
Total Elementary
K-5
5423
441,746
93"/0
Robert E. Aylor
Middle School
6-8
965
747
77%
Frederick County
Middle School
6-8
845
695
82%
James Wood Middle
6-8
1 000
918
91%
Total Middle
6-8
2,810
2,360
84%
James Wood High
9-12
1,670
1,483
89%
Sherando High
9-12
1,550
1,357
88%
Total High School
9-12
3,220
2,840
880/0
NREP
Ages 2-
21
56
28
50%
Total
K•12
11,209
9,974
89%
Source: Frederick County School Board, September 1996
1997 Frederick Count% 141 Comprehensive Plan
Community Facilities and Services
Emergency Services
The Frederick County Fire and Rescue System currently consists of ten volunteer fire and rescue
companies. Of these companies, all ten provide Fire Suppression Services, eight provide
Emergency Medical Ambulance Services, and two provide Medical "First Responder" Service. The
County fire and rescue companies are as follows:
Company 11 - Stephens City Fire and Rescue Company
Company 12 - Middletown Fire and Rescue Company
Company 13 - Clearbrook Fire and Rescue Company
Company 14 - Gore Fire Company
Company 15 - Round Hill Community Fire and Rescue Company
Company 16 - Gainesboro Fire and Rescue Company
Company 17 - Star Tannery Fire Company
Company 18 - Greenwood Fire and Rescue Company
Company 19 - North Mountain Fire and Rescue Company
Company 20 - Reynolds Store Fire and Rescue Company
Staffing of fire and rescue stations is accomplished by a combination of volunteers from each
community and a small corp of career personnel employed by Frederick County. The County
currently provides 20 career Fire -Medics who provide coverage for seven of our fire and rescue
stations during weekday hours. The County also employs a full-time director to supervise career
personnel and coordinate the service delivery of our volunteer fire and rescue companies. Two full-
time Fire Marshals perform fire prevention, fire investigation, and public education services.
Future challenges include meeting fire and rescue equipment needs, maintenance and expansion of
fire and rescue stations, increasing the number of dry hydrants in the rural areas, meeting training
and certification requirements, increasing emergency medical service to the Advanced Life Support
level, improving Radio Communication Systems, and developing additional Fire and Rescue
stations where needed.
Recent completion of the Street Address System will now permit the County to upgrade its 911
telephone service to the fully enhanced system. Conversion to E-911 should be implemented within
the next 18 months along with a new consolidated communication center for fire, rescue, and police
services.
In conjunction with the Winchester Regional Airport Authority and the Greenwood Volunteer Fire
and rescue Company, a plan has been developed to establish a fire -rescue station at the afiTc; rt. This
station would service growth in the Route 50 East and Route 522 South corridors. It would also
pro% ide "on field" response service to the airport as required by the Federal Aviation Authority
regulations to accommodate future airport expansion.
1997 Frederick County 142 Comprehensive Plan
Community Facilities and Services
Continued growth will undoubtedly lead to the need for additional fire and rescue stations within
the urban area. Locations for future fire station sites should be identified and dedication of sites
should be encouraged at the time of rezonings. Station locations should be determined based on
projected service needs and response time criteria.
Airport
The Winchester Regional Airport is a 338 -acre 362 -acre, 'i11 weather, 24-hour general aviation
airport with a 5,500 foot runway located southeast of the Route 50 interchange of Interstate 81. The
facility currently has 5-r F Aie down spaces, a 12,000 square foot public common hangar, a ten
unit and a 20 -unit T -hangar and four private corporate hangars. These hangars accommodate 103
aircraft, including 14 corporate aircraft, ranging in size from small passenger planes to corporate
jets. Services available include 24-hour U.S. Customs and Immigration.
The Winchester Regional Airport Authority was formed by the Virginia General Assembly on July
1, 1987. The Authority consists of representatives from the City of Winchester, Frederick, Clarke,
Shenandoah, and Warren Counties. Since its formation, the Winchester Regional Airport Authority
has embarked on an extensive airport improvement program to upgrade the facility. Projects
accomplished under this program include updating the master plan and the construction of a runway
extension, new General Aviation Terminal Building, T -hangar and corporate hangars,
above ground fuel storage facility, and safety areas at each end of the
runway.
Collaborating with Frederick County and the Virginia Department of Transportation, the Authority
has also made improvements to primary access roads to the airport. Sewer and water service has
also been established. To date, more than $$-310 million dollars has been invested in Airport capital
improvements, equipment, and promotions through Federal. State, and local funding. Caf.rital
improvements have been accomplished in order to comply with federal design standards. A
Precision Instrument Approach is in the process of being implemented to provide better all weather
access to the Airport. This requires acquisition of additional land and navigation easements.
Future developments include building t-ihan�geKs, installing security and perimeter fencing. Land
acquisition will include an area for a Frederick County satellite fire station:
Through the support of the member jurisdictions, the Winchester Regional Airport will continue
1997 Frederick Count\ 143 Comprehensive Plan
Community Facilities and Services
to evolve in a modern first class air transportation facility which will benefit and attract new
industries and commercial business to the area. Future plans include bringing commercial air service
to the airport providing the community alternative modes of transportation.
Handley Library
Library service is provided to Frederick County through the Handley Regional Library
headquartered in Winchester, which serves Winchester, Frederick County, and Clarke County. As
of Septerthere were more than+$;696I4,82U registered library users from
Frederick County. In fiscal year+995 INV Frederick County residents borrowed -f66 -A76172,625
items from the Handley Library, the Clarke County Library branch in Berryville, and the
Bookmobile, an increase of overt6% "f (over the previous year.
The regional system supports education, preschool through post -secondary, by providing assistance
and research materials for projects and papers, and by being open nights, Saturdays, some Sundays,
and during the summer when schools are closed. It is also an important resource for adults seeking
to improve their skills and for introducing preschoolers to books and reading. The library also
provides the business community and the public with information for their research needs as well
as recreational reading.
The current Handley building holds about 100,000 volumes and is filled to capacity. Because of
these space limitations, Handley Library is below state standards in the areas of books per capita,
square footage per capita, seating per capita, periodicals per capita, etc. In addition, parents and
students living at a distance from Winchester find it difficult to drive into the city as well as find
parking near the library.
Based upon a library consultant's study of the community's library needs through the year 2001, the
Handley Regional Library Board formulated a long-range development plan. The first step in that
plan is to build a 34,000 square -foot Frederick County Library in the tephers City '
area with construction to start in 1999. The Library Board is working with a committee of Frederick
County residents to gather public support for their plans and to raise funds to purchase books for the
library.
County Offices
In 1996, the County-bcgancompletld construction of a 68,000 square foot building adjacent to the
Frederick County Administration Building. Funding for this new building was obtained through the
issuance of a bond. The new construction vcff Mc orporated7the existing 32,000 square foot
Frederick County Administration Building, and provided'a county government complex totaling
100,000 square feet. Most of the County's departments and agencieswrll-betre noW housed in this
new county government complex in downtowr#Wincheste . upon its curnpiction in the fail of i996.
1997 Frederick County 144 Comprehensive Plan
Community Facilities and Services
Refuse Collection, Landfill, and Recycling
Refuse collection service is provided by Frederick County at 12 1-5 refuse collection stations. lite
might of these stations consist of hydraulic compactor machines with separable roll -off containers;
the other` & ;
Community Facilities and Services
New developments need to be provided with appropriate means of solid waste collection. Either
private collection or new collection stations should be provided by new developments.
Sewer and Water Facilities
The location of public sewer and water lines determines where urban development will occur. The
Urban Development Area described by the Frederick County Comprehensive Plan is roughly the
same as the service areas for public sewer and water. Because sewer and water facility location
determines the location of urban development, great care is needed in planning where such facilities
will be provided.
The Frederick County Sanitation Authority has the responsibility for the treatment, transmission,
and distribution of potable water and the collection and transmission of wastewater. Most of the
sewer and water mains and laterals in the County are owned, operated, and maintained by the
Sanitation Authority.
Frederick County and the Sanitation Authority have executed a Facilities Planning Agreement
which sets forth procedures for the planning of sewer and water mains in the County. The
agreement includes provisions for adopting a water and sewer facilities plan as a part of the
Comprehensive Pian, specifying the location of mains over eight inches in size. It also includes
provisions for review and update of the plan and for including sewer and water facilities projects
in the Frederick County Capital Improvements Plan.
The City of Winchesterowns and maintains sewer and water lines in portions of the County adjacent
to the City corporate limits. Such lines have been extended into the County following a previous
agreement between the City and the County. A Gravity Flow Sewer Agreement between the City
and the County has been adopted which specifies that either jurisdiction may transmit sewage from
the other jurisdiction to the Opequon Plant if that sewage flows by gravity to the receiving
jurisdiction. This agreement requires that the delivering area be of a minimum size and that
receiving facilities have sufficient capacity. The delivering jurisdiction will be charged for the
service provided by the receiving jurisdiction.
The Winchester -Frederick Service Authority has the responsibility of providing wastewater
treatment for the Sanitation Authority and the City of Winchester. The Service Authority currently
owns the Opequon Water Reclamation Facility and the Parkins Mills Plant and the Steplicris Ran
P'iant and contracts for their operation. The City operates the Opequon Facility and the Sanitation
Authority operates the odic, facilities Parkins Mills.
1997 Frederick CoumN 146 Comprehensive Plan
Community Facilities and Services
Figure 17
Total New Connections
Frederick County Virginia
„oo
+000
moo
� eoo
o aoo
V Opp 1
app
300 � s
e7 eB e9 90 91 D1 9a 94 96 96
Fiscal Yetar
0 Water Sawar
1997 Frederick Countv 148 Comprehensive Plan
Community Facilities and Services
Sewage treatment in the County is provided by timer tuvo sewage treatment plants: the Opequon
Water Reclamation Facility, the Stephens RUIT Phurt, and the Parkins Mills Plant. The Opequon
Plant serves the Abrams Creek drainage area and surrounding drainage areas east and north of
Winchester, and provides sewage treatment for Winchester. The Parkins Mills plant serves the
upper Opequon Creek, diainagc=aand poLtionsof the Wrights Run, and Stephens Ruddrainage
areas. .
The current capacity of the Opequon Water Reclamation Facility is 6.25 million gallons per day.
Assuming a constant connection rate of 200 connections per year, the Frederick County Sanitation
Authority has projected there will be sufficient capacity in the Opequon Plant through the year 2005.
At an 8% growth rate, capacity is projected to be sufficient through the year 2002. An increase in
the combined flows of the City of Winchester and the Frederick County Sanitation Authority may
exceed the hydrolic §K=1`fcapacity of the Opequon Plant prior to this date.
The Stephens Run and Parkins Mills Plant serves zrn intetcannectionai systcni of scme, fines in the
u Stephens Run, Wrights Run, and Upper Opequon drainage areas. The combiner} rated
capacity of these tl is."* lant is 750,06 2.0 million gallons per day. The current average daily flow
of these this plant is about 1.1 million 750,000 gallons per day.
1997 Frederick County 147 Comprehensive Plan
IP F11 11.1111tonowwrive I"
iv
1161U.JUINI
U&SW =1
1997 Frederick County 147 Comprehensive Plan
Community Facilities and Services
Figure 18. Opequon Treatment Plant; Sewer Flows Versus Capacity
2
1
M
Flow
❑ FCSA ❑ City
it
OWRF FLOW
of 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96
Fiscal Year
Certain portions or the Urban Development Area, such as the Apple Pie Ridge area, may not be
intended to be sewer and water service areas. Rural Community Centers that are outside of the
Urban Development Area may be provided with some form of service, depending on the policies
established for each particular center.
The intention is that additional extensions of sewer and water service will reflect the boundaries of
the Urban Development Area. The extension of mains into areas not included in sewer and water
service areas described by the facilities plan will require an amendment to the Comprehensive Plan.
In this way, the County will maintain an orderly process of development. All sewer and water
mains extended should be publicly owned mains.
1997 Frederick County 151 Comprehensive Plan
Community Facilities and Services
19: Parkins Mills 'Treatment Plant; Flow Versus Capacity
2
1.8
,6
a
,.4
m 1.2
CL
0
c 0.8
O
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
87
PMTP FLOW
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96
Fiscal Year
Flow Limit
Capital Improvements Plan
The Capital Improvements Plan (CIP) is the community's plan for public facilities. It provides a list
of projects planned for five years and is updated each year as projects are completed and new
projects added. In general, projects on the Capital Improvements Plan are relatively expensive,
fixed assets that require expenditures that do not recur annually and last for a relatively long time.
The first year in the Capital Improvements Plan should provide a capital budget for the upcoming
fiscal year. The scheduling of projects needs to be coordinated with plans for development
1997 Frederick County 152 Comprehensive Plan
Community Facilities and Services
contained in the Comprehensive Plan. The Comprehensive Plan should be used as a tool to aid in
determining priorities among projects, for estimating required funding, and for scheduling projects.
The Capital Improvements Plan helps to guide development, to achieve the most efficient use of
funds, and to maintain astable financial program.
The County's procedures for reviewing and adopting the CIP need to be improved. The CIP needs
to have a direct link to available or projected funds. Projects need to be systematically reviewed
against established standards in order to determine priorities. These standards need to be developed
and reviewed on a regular basis. The County Finance Department should play an active role in the
CIP development process.
Facility Cost Impacts
Rezoning requests should be evaluated to determine their potential impacts on community facilities.
Costs to the County should be estimated in terms of what impact the development, which could
result from the proposed rezoning, would have on facilities and infrastructure. These costs are
estimated in terms of facility use per unit of development. The estimated facility use is determined
through the use of established multipliers which use averages derived from existing development.
These multipliers set out such factors as: expected numbers of vehicle trips, school children, gallons
of sewer and water usage per dwelling unit, square footage of commercial use, or person. The
demand on various facilities resulting from a proposed rezoning can then be estimated based on the
projected number of units which could result. Actual cost estimates are then calculated using the
costs of facilities listed in the Capital Improvements Plan. Initially, costs are estimated in terms
of the actual costs of providing facilities to support the potential development.
Frederick County has developed an impact model which is being used to project the potential costs
of rezonings on schools, parks, and fire and rescue facilities. The model projects the gross potential
costs of the facilities that would be needed to support a new development using the basic formula
described above. Credit is given for the projected revenues that would be generated by the
development. Potential revenues are subtracted from the projected gross costs resulting in an actual
projected net fiscal impact of the development on the County. The staff will need to update
information used in the model in order to keep it accurate. In general, we can anticipate some cost
impacts on parks and schools to result from residential rezonings. These same costs resulting from
commercial and industrial rezonings tend to be offset by the revenues generated from this type of
development. Nearly all rezonings have some potential impact on emergency services and facilities.
No rezoning should be approved unless the net impacts on community facilities are positive, or if
the negative impacts can be adequately addressed through proffers or some other means. A request
for rezoning may be turned down even though all fiscal impacts appear to be addressed. If there are
other impacts which are not addressed or if the request does not conform to this plan. A similar
method should be developed for determining the impacts of proposed developments on
1997 Frederick County 153 Comprehensive Plan
Community Facilities and Services
transportation systems and other publics far_.ilities.
Issues--
There
ssue_ -There is a need to carefully monitor school enrollments and to plan for school
capacity to deal with overcrowding, replacement of outdated facilities, and
population growth in the County.
► There is a need to continue supporting fire and rescue squads and to develop
policies to deal with growing emergency service demands.
► House number efforts should continue in association with improved emergency
telephone systems.
► The County should support improvements at the Winchester Regional Airport as a
part of the overall economic development efforts.
► The County should continue to monitor refuse collection sites and should make
improvements or add sites as needed.
► The County should continue to monitor landfill recycling efforts should be
supported.
► The County should maintain a process of careful Capital Improvements Planning
coordinated with Comprehensive Planning.
► Frederick County and the Frederick County Sanitation Authority need to continue
coordinated planning of sewer and water facilities following the procedures
described by the Facilities Planning Agreement.
► Additional information is needed on the impacts of new development on community
facilities.
► Frederick County and the City of Winchester need to maintain coordinatedplanning
of sewer and water facilities in the County through the Sewer Agreements.
► Together with the County and the City, the Frederick -Winchester Service Authority
should carefully plan needed sewage treatment capacity based on trends in usage.
The Service Authority needs to develop a capital improvements plan that is
coordinated with City and County plans.
► Water and sewer service should be provided to service areas in the urban
development areas through an orderly process following the Facilities Planning
1997 Frederick County 154 Comprehensive Plan
Community Facilities and Services
Agreement and using the Capital Improvements Plan.
1997 Frederick County 155 Comprehensive Plan
Action Program
Comprehensive Policy Goals
The following is a summary of the comprehensive planning goals set forth for Frederick
County:
Protect the historic resources in Frederick County.
Promote the preservation and protection of Civil War Battlefield resource_e
Maintain a moderate rate of population growth.
Provide for a balanced distribution of population growth.
Provide for a variety of housing types and locations to meet the varied needs and income levels of
the County's present and future population.
Reduce the costs of providing housing and public facilities to serve residential areas.
Encourage energy efficient housing and housing patterns.
Support a business climate conducive to economic activity and orderly economic growth.
Provide support to agriculture as a major industry in the County.
Provide support to travel and tourist related activities.
Protect the natural environment from damage due to development activity.
Provide for development according to the capacity of the natural environment to carry that
development.
Identify and protect important natural resources.
Develop land according to the characteristics of the land and the facilities available.
Develop land in accordance with standards that provide for appropriate quality of development.
Confine urban forms of land development to the Urban Development Area.
Provide .sufficient land for a competitive market within the Urban Development Area.
Provide efficient and environmentally sensitive use of land in the Urban Development Area.
1997 Frederick County 171 Comprehensive Plan
Action Program
Provide sufficient land and a diversity of locations for a wide range of suburban housing types.
Provide for livable, high quality suburban residential neighborhoods.
Protect the environment and avoid adverse impacts that can result from suburban residential areas.
Provide sufficient land and a diversity of locations for business and industrial uses.
Carefully locate and limit business and industrial areas to avoid conflicts with other uses and to
avoid traffic impacts.
Provide for quality business and industrial areas.
Protect the environment and avoid other adverse impacts in business and industrial areas.
Insure that business corridors develop in a manner which is attractive and functional and reflects
positively on the community.
Insure that corridors develop in a fashion that is sensitive to environmental, visual, and
transportation impacts.
Insure that a satisfactory level of service for turning movements is provided along business
corridors.
Provide key economic development sites.
Let identified rural community centers serve as service centers for rural areas.
Let policies for each rural community center reflect the particular characteristics of each center
and the desire of their residents.
Maintain agriculture as a significant portion of the County's economy.
Maintain the rural character of areas outside of the Urban Development Area.
Insure that land development activities in the rural areas are of appropriate quality.
Protect the rural environment.
Allow large scale new communities that are creatively and appropriately designed to provide the
highest possible quality of development.
1997 Frederick County 172 Comprehensive Plan
Action Program
Insure that new planned communities do not have adverse impacts on the County.
Provide a safe and efficient road system throughout the County.
Coordinate land use planning and decisions with transportation planning.
Encourage the provision of a full range of transportation options including air, rail, and bus
services.
Provide for adequate and safe pedestrian and bicycle travel.
Appropriate services and facilities shall be provided to serve planned land uses and development.
Facilities and services should be carefully planned to meet projected needs.
Contribute to the physical, mental, and cultural needs of the community, its economic and social
well-being, and its sense of civic pride and social responsibility through a complete program of
parks and recreation.
Continue to develop the County's regional park as a major source of recreational facilities and
activities.
Insure that appropriate open space and recreational facilities are provided in urban and rural
areas.
Provide recreational programs and activities based on identifted needs and available fiinding.
Provide a safe and efficient road system throughout the County.
Coordinate land use planning and decisions with transportation planning.
Provide for adequate and safe pedestrian and bicycle travel.
Encourage the provision of a full range of transportation options including air, rail, and bus
services.
Rural business uses should be developed in conformance with performance standards similar to
those used for urban businesses. Review the ordinances to insure proper standards.
Permitted uses within the rural areas of the County should be evaluated to determine their
potential impacts on agricultural operations.
1997 Frederick County 173 Comprehensive Plan
ITEM 2: Prioritizing Proposed Actions for inclusion in the 1997
Comprehensive Plan
The following describes actions or projects that need to be undertaken to achieve the goals described
in the Frederick County Comprehensive Plan. Please prioritize the projects in the order which you
believe they should be accomplished. Staff will collate priorities received from the Comprehensive
Plans and Programs Subcommittee, Planning Commission, and the Board of Supervisors, and
include this action program in the 1997 Comprehensive Plan.
Note: This list has been incorporated in the Comprehensive Plan for the past few years and relates
to the Goals of the plan. It is not necessarily the intention that these tasks be completed in this
order. Instead, the list is intended to set general priorities and assist in developing annual work
programs.
PUA? L La.Tu"-t'i --FF-7 Si;1IF Opc&j — ALS F -
Please prioritize. 1 is high priority; 32 is low priority
Provide incentives to encourage the inclusion of affordable housing in larger scale planned
developments.
Develop a comprehensive housing plan for the City and County to achieve decent,
affordable housing for all.
Develop a geographic database for the County which is continuously updated and which can
be used to monitor development in the County.
Develop a comprehensive system for preserving historic sites and battlefields using land
dedication and historic districts and use these historic resources to promote tourism and
education.
Develop methods to protect historic sites. Recognize significant sites with plaques and
signs.
Review provisions and policies for Rural Community Centers.
Develop comprehensive watershed management plans for the Urban Development Area to
address existing drainage problems and to develop sufficient stormwater management
standards for new development.
Undertake an effort to establish appropriate rural and urban residential densities based on
the carrying capacity of the environment, roads, and facilities. Develop information to
estimate carrying capacity. Establish density standards which provide a balanced
distribution of population growth.
Page 2
Action Program Prioritization
1997 Comprehensive Plan
Undertake a study to identify the impacts of development on groundwater.
Develop an interchange area/corridor plan for the Interstate 81, Interchange 310 - Route 11
South - Route 37 area, which addresses land use, traffic patterns, and facilities.
Review and develop procedures and criteria for secondary and primary road plans.
Develop an interchange area/corridor plan for the Route 37 - Route 522 North area, which
addresses land use, traffic patterns, and facilities.
Develop an interchange area/corridor plan for the Route 37 - Route 50 West area, which
addresses land use, traffic patterns, and facilities.
Develop an interchange area/corridor plan for the Interstate 81, Interchange 317 - Route 11
North - Route 37 area, which addresses land use, traffic patterns, and facilities.
Study the public service needs and costs associated with development. Develop methods
to identify the impacts of land use decisions on public facilities and services. Accept
proffers to address the cost impacts on community facilities.
Work with local farmers, agricultural organizations, and agriculturally related businesses to
develop economic development strategies in relation to agriculture. Emphasis should be
placed on developing markets for local agricultural products.
Evaluate the uses allowed in the agricultural zoning districts and other districts to insure that
a full range of agricultural activities are provided.
Work with the Towns of Stephens City and Middletown to develop plans for land in the
County surrounding those towns.
Develop a means to provide limited sewer and water service to the Round Hill and
Clearbrook- B rucetown- Stephenson rural community centers.
Develop an interchange area/corridor plan for the Interstate 81, Interchange 307 - Route 277
area which addresses land use, traffic patterns, and facilities.
Prepare a County -wide recreation plan identifying parks and recreation needs and addressing
the following:
*Park, open space, and facility needs in the Urban Development Area
*Open space and facility standards for new development
*Rural and rural community center recreation needs
Page 3
Action Program Prioritization
1997 Comprehensive Plan
*Program needs
Review ordinances to insure that development within rural community centers is of a high
quality and that the public participates in the review.
Continue to support fire and rescue squads and plan to increase support according to
development in the various service areas. Develop a plan for new fire and rescue facilities.
Develop an interchange area/corridor plan for the Interstate 81, Interchange 321 - Route 672
area which addresses land use, traffic patterns, and facilities.
Study the transit needs of the urban areas in the County.
Undertake a study to develop standards to evaluate proposals for new EM, Extractive
Manufacturing areas.
Develop an interchange area/corridor plan for the Interstate 81, Interchange 302 - Route 627
area which addresses land use, traffic patterns, and facilities.
Develop an interchange area/corridor plan for the Interstate 81, Interchange 323 - Route 669
area which addresses land use, traffic patterns, and facilities.
Identify scenic vistas in the County and identify methods to protect those vistas.
Review development ordinances to insure that provisions for pedestrian and bicycle travel
are made in developments in the urban areas.
Review park and ride needs and identify possible locations.
Structure plans and ordinances and make land use decisions which recognize the need for
more commercial uses in the Gore, Gainesboro, and Round Hill community centers.
Review uses allowed in the RA Zoning District and allow rezoning and conditional use
permit approvals to promote village commercial development in these areas.